外研版(2019)选择性必修第三册 Unit5 Learning from nature语法-精讲学案(有答案)

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名称 外研版(2019)选择性必修第三册 Unit5 Learning from nature语法-精讲学案(有答案)
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科目 英语
更新时间 2023-03-06 21:10:00

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Unit5语法-精讲破
非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式(现在分词和动名词)和过去分词,不同时态、语态下的非谓语动词的形式如下(以do为例)
类别 基本形式
一般式 进行式 完成式
不定式 To do;to be done to be doing to have done; to have been done
动词-ing形式 doing;being done having done; having been done
过去分词 done
一、非谓语动词作主语
1.非谓语动词作主语的基本用法
观察
To say is one thing, to do is another.
Living in the city brings him lots of job chances.
归纳
(1)非谓语动词中能作主语的是动词不定式和动词-ing形式(此处指动名词),① 不能作主语;
(2)动词不定式作主语多表示具体的、一次性的或尚未发生的动作,动名词作主语常表示经常性、习惯性的动作,两者的谓语动词通常都用 ② 形式。
2. it代替非谓语动词作形式主语
观察
It took him half a year to recover from the sadness of breaking up with his girlfriend.
It is no use quarrelling about it with me.
归纳
当较长的不定式短语和动名词短语作主语时,为了保持句子平衡,常用 ③作形式主语,将动词不定式短语和动名词短语后置。
二、非谓语动词作宾语
1.动词不定式和动词-ing形式(动名词)作宾语
观察
He managed to avoid an accident yesterday morning.
People who are overweight may have difficulty in breathing,walking or sitting.归纳
(1)动词不定式可作及物动词的宾语,常接不定式作宾语的动词有:
同意提供有计划( ④ 、 ⑤ 、 ⑥ )
要求答应想帮忙(demand、promise、want、help)
准备决定要拒绝( ⑦ 、 ⑧ 、 ⑨ )
期望选择有希望(expect、choose,hope、wish)
不能负担莫假装( ⑩ 、 、 )
打算设法决心坚(intend、manage determine)
(2)动词-ing形式(动名词)可作及物动词或介词的宾语,常接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)有:
考虑建议盼原谅(consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon)
承认推迟和想象( 、delay/put off fancy)
避免错过继续练( 、miss,keep/keep on、 )
否认完成就欣赏(deny、 、 )
禁止想象才冒险(forbid、 、risk)
不禁介意准逃亡(can’t help、 、allow/permit、 )
(3)接动词-ing形式(动名词)作宾语的结构有:
have difficulty/trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难;
spend some time,/money in doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事;
be busy in doing sth.忙于做某事。
2.不定式和动词-ing形式(动名词)作宾语的区别
观察
forget to do sth.忘记要做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
remember to do sth.记得要做某事
remember doing sth.记得做过某事
regret to do sth.遗憾地做某事
regret doing sth.后悔做过某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
try to do sth.努力做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
go onto do sth.(做完某事)继续做另外一件事
go on doing sth.继续做同一件事
can’t help(to)do sth.不能帮忙做某事
can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事
3.动词不定式的其他用法
观察
The teacher makes it a rule to speak English in class.
How to solve the problem hasn’t been decided.
I did nothing but repair my computer yesterday.
归纳
(1)不定式作宾语时,如果后面有形容词或名词作宾补,常用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语不定式需要后置,放在宾补之后,即 “ ”这类动词常见的有:consider、think、find、feel make等;
(2)不定式可放在疑问词后面,构成“ ”的结构;
(3)动词不定式在but之后时,如果but前有行为动词do的某种形式,那么后接 ,否则but后接“to do”。
三、非谓语动词作表语
观察
Her plan is to finish the experiment in a month.
His job is teaching English.(=Teaching English is his job.)
The result sounds disappointing.
I was surprised at the news that he had failed the test.
归纳
(1)动词不定式作表语,常用于表示主语的状态、目的或内容等;
(2)动名词作表语时,相当于名词,用于解释 的内容,此时主语通常是表示无生命事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句,表语可以和主语互换位置;
(3)现在分词作表语时,相当于形容词,用于说明主语的性质、特征,不可与主语互换位置,表示心理情感的词意为“ ”
(4)过去分词作表语时位于系动词之后,多用于表示主语的状态或状况,表示心理情感的词意为“ ”。
链接高考
单句语法填空
1.(2019天津,4,★★☆)__________(learn)to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.
2.(2019课标全国Ⅲ,短文改错,★★☆)I’ve had many dreams since I was a child Now my dream is __________(open)a cafe.
3.(2019北京,阅读理解B,★★☆)Afterwards,she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner,who finally agreed __________(sell) Moore’s product---Can Candy.
4.(2019天津,阅读理解D,★★☆)With high motivation and enthusiasm we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is__________(have) meaning in our life.
5.(2019浙江,阅读理解B,★★☆)While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign Bridges said the only goal was __________(show)generosity and sympathy.
6.(2019课标全国I,短文改错,★★☆)I became __________(interest)in playing football thanks to a small accident.
7.(2019天津,阅读理解D,★★☆)I’m not talking about those who fail __________(get)to the top.
8(2019课标全国Ⅱ,短文改错,★★☆)One was that I was __________(amaze)at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.
9.(2019天津,阅读理解D,★★☆)Driven by heaven-knows-what motives,he determines __________(write)a book.
10.(2019江苏,完形填空,★★☆)She refused to live with male cranes and even had a reputation for killing some of them which made it impossible for her __________(become)a mother.
11.(2019天津,阅读理解B改编,★★☆)__________(read)is a vital part of my life and it satisfies my desire to keep learning.
12.(2019天津,阅读理解D,★★☆)We learn that however much we try to please,some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually __________(relax).
13.(2018课标全国Ⅲ,语法填空,★★☆)I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid__________ (look)directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.
14.(2018北京,3,★★☆)__________(travel)along the old Silk road is an interesting
and rewarding experience.
15.(2018天津,12,★★☆)I didn’t mean __________(eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help__________(try)it.
16.(2018浙江,七选五,★★☆)If a neighbor is going to be out of town,offer__________(collect)mail and newspapers.
17.(2018课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解D改编,★★☆)She chose __________(sell)a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised __________(put)the money into her school fund(基金).
18.(2018课标全国I,完形填空,★★☆)I managed__________(get)an A in th course and learned life served me well beyond the classroom
19.(2018江苏,完形填空,★★☆)Wild camping is illegal in England. To avoid __________(catch),the Winns had to get their tent up late and packed it away early in the morning.
20.(2018浙江,语法填空,★★☆)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap__________ can be to eat out.
21.(2018浙江11月,阅读理解A,★★☆)You may have a discussion about the government and its leaders or a friendly talk about the driver’s aunty Nellie! One thing is for sure,it will never be__________(bore).
22.(2017浙江,书面表达,★★☆)The purpose of my writing is __________(tell) you that we will have an outing.
23.(2016江苏,任务型阅读,★★☆)Once I look up something on the Internet,I don’t need to keep all the details for future use-know where __________(find)that information again and can quickly and easily do so.
24.(★★☆)-Did you have difficulty __________(find)Ann’s house?
-Not really. She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
答案:
①过去分词 ②单数 ③it
④agree ⑤offer ⑥plan
⑦ prepare ⑧ decide ⑨refuse
⑩fail afford pretend
admit avoid practise
finish enjoy/appreciate imagine
mind escape
主语+谓语+ it+ adj./n.+ to do sth. 疑问词+to do
省略to的不定式 主语
令人……的 感到……的
1. Learning考查动名词作主语。句意:学会批判性地思考是当今孩子未来需要的一项重要技能。分析句子结构可知,主句的谓语动词是is,is之前的部分作主语,此处应用动名词形式,表示一般性的概念,故填Learning。
2.to open/opening考查非谓语动词作表语。句意:我从小就有很多梦想。现在我的梦想是开一家咖啡馆。设空处作表语,此处解释说明 dream的内容,故填to open或opening。
3.to sell考查动词不定式作宾语。句意:后来,她和她的父亲与一家超市的所有者进行了第一次商业会谈该所有者最终同意出售 Moore的产品Can Candy agree to do sth.同意做某事。
4. to have考查非谓语动词作主语。句意:有了高度的动机和热情,我们就可以继续学习。然后我们就知道在我们的生活中有意义是多么重要。分析句子结构可知,(how important it is have)meaning in our life作know的宾语,在宾语从句中it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式短语 to have meaning in our life,故填 to have。
5. to show/showing考查非谓语动词作表语。句意:虽然这个片段看起来可能像是一个新的广告宣传活动的一部分,但 Bridges说,唯一的目的是表达慷慨和同情。设空处作从句的表语,此处解释说明goal的内容,故填to show/showing。
6. interested考查非谓语动词作表语。句意:由于次小事故,我对踢足球产生了兴趣。become interested in是固定搭配,意为“变得对……感兴趣”,故填 interested。
7. to get考查动词不定式作宾语。句意:我说的不是那些没能到达顶峰的人。fail to do sth.未能做某事。
8. amazed考查非谓语动词作表语。句意:一个原因是,一个病人在看了医生后会感觉好多了,对于这个事实我很惊讶。此处表示“对……感到惊讶”,表示人的感受,应用v.-ed作表语,故填 amazed。
9. to write考查动词不定式作宾语。句意:在天知道什么的动机的驱使下,他决定写一本书。determine to do sth.决定做某事。
10.to become考查动词不定式作宾语。句意:她拒绝和雄性鹤生活在一起,甚至有杀了一些雄性鹤的名声,这使得她不可能成为一个母亲。分析句子结构可知,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式短语。此处是“make it +adj.+ for sb./sth.to do sth.”结构。
11. Reading考查非谓语动词作主语。句意:阅读是我生活中很重要的一部分,它满足了我不断学习的愿望。设空处作前一个分句的主语,根据句意可知此处表示一般性概念,应用动名词作主语,故填Reading。
12. relaxing考查非谓语动词作表语。句意:我们知道,无论我们如何努力取悦别人,有些人永远不会爱我们——这个想法一开始很麻烦,但最终会让人放松。表示“令人……的”,用-v.ing作表语,故填relaxing。
13. looking考查动名词作宾语。句意:我迅速弯下腰,低下头避免和它直视,以便它不会感到受到了挑战。avoid doing sth,避免做某事。avoid后面常接动名词作宾语。
14.Travelling考查非谓语动词。句意:沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣且有益的体验。分析句子结构可知,设空处所在短语在句中作主语,表示一般性概念,应用动名词形式,故填 Travelling。
15.to eat;trying考查非谓语动词。句意:我没打算吃任何东西,但这冰淇淋看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住品尝了一下。mean to do sth.打算做某事;can’t help doing sth.禁不住/忍不住做某事,符合句意16 to collect考查动词不定式作宾语。句意:如果一个邻居要出城,主动去帮忙拿邮件和报纸。offer to do sth.主动做某事。
17. to sell;to put考查动词不定式作宾语。句意:当我们答应把钱投入她的学校基金时,她选择卖掉一些不常用的大物件。choose to do sth.选择做某事;promise to do sth.承诺/答应做某事。
18. to get考查动词不定式作宾语。句意:我设法在那门课上拿到了一个A,并学到了生活教训,这些教训在课堂之外对我很有帮助。manage to do sth.设法做成某事。
19. being caught考查动名词作宾语。句意:在英国,野外露营是非法的。为了避免被抓住,Winn一家不得不很晩搭帐篷,一大早就把帐篷收拾好。avoid后接动名词作宾语,主语 the Winns和 catch之间是被动关系,应用动名词的被动形式,故填 being caught。
20. it考查it作形式主语。句意:许多来中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭是多么便宜,他们做饭的次数就会比在他们自己的国家少得多了。it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式短语 to eat out。
21. boring考查非谓语动词作表语。句意:你们可以讨论一下政府和它的领导人,或者友好地讨论一下司机的阿姨 Nellie!有一件事是肯定的,(旅程)永远不会无聊。设空处作表语,意为“令人厌烦的,无聊的”,表示事物的性质,应用v.-ing形式,故填boring。
22. to tell考查非谓语动词作表语。句意:我写(这封邮件)的目的是告诉你,我们将有一个郊游活动。设空处作主句的表语,此处具体说明 purpose的内容,且动作尚未发生,故填 to tell。
23. to find考查“疑问词+不定式”。句意:当我在互联网上查找一些东西时,我不需要保留所有的细节以备将来使用—我知道在哪里可以再次找到那些信息,并且可以快速、轻松地做到这一点。where to find作know的宾语。
24. finding考查固定句型。句意:你找到安的家有困难吗?——不是很难。她给了我们清楚的指引,我们很容易就找到了。have difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难。
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