外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册 Unit5 Learning from nature单元限时作业（有解析）

Unit5 单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
A
体裁：议论文 题材：人与环境 词数：322 难度：中 建议用时：8分钟
[辽宁沈阳郊联体2021高二期中]For many of us，summertime means road trips to the beach or mountains，or at the very least some additional dust on the outside of our vehicles. The extra dirt leads us to do one of two things：wash our cars in the driveway or head to the car wash. But which choice is better for the environment？
The main concerns over either choice are the amount of fresh water used and the types of chemicals used to get rid of the dirt. Both of these concerns can be closely monitored when washing the car at home，says Katy Gresh，spokeswoman for the Southwest Region of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. She advises car owners to keep a set amount of water in a container for the entire wash. "You don't want to leave the water running or use more than you need for the job，"she says. But even following this piece of advice comes with an environmental risk: Washing your car in the driveway gets the dirty water into drains（下水道）.
“Drains are not made for treating waste." says John Schombert，executive director of 3 Rivers Wet Weather.
Even when car owners use natural soaps to wash their cars，Schombert says they are probably ineffective in breaking down grease（油脂）anyway.
The commercial car wash knows full well the rules regarding wastewater in drains. According to the International Carwash Association（ICA），professional car washes must use special water treatment systems. These processes not only keep the dirty water out of drains and regular water treatment systems，but also work to reduce water usage at commercial facilities.
As experts point out，cleaning our cars at home can use 100 gallons of pare that to self-service car washes，which allow you to use only about 17 or 18 gallons of water. And most full-service car washes average about 30 to 45 gallons of water per vehicle.
1.What does Katy suggest people do about washing cars？
A. Use soft toothbrushes.
B. Save treated water.
C. Put aside some water.
D. Avoid using chemicals.
2. What is Schombert's attitude to washing cars at home
A. Disapproving.
B. Favourable.
C. Indifferent.
D. Objective.
3. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A. Rules of handling wastewater.
B. Advantages of professional car washes.
C. Processes of getting rid of dirty water.
D. Drawbacks of water treatment systems.
4. Which method of car washing consumes the least water
A. The full-service car washes.
B. Car washing in the driveway.
C. The self-service car washes.
D. Car washing using natural soaps.
B
体裁：说明文 题材：科普知识 词数：334 难度：中 建议用时：7分钟
From ancient stories to modern research，the label（标签）attached to being left-handed is undeniable. Left-handed people，or "lefties" as they are often called，are generally believed to be good at art-Leonardo da Vinci，Picasso and Michelangelo are all left-handed.
Our brain is divided into two parts: the left hemisphere（大脑半球）and the right hemisphere. The left hemisphere，linked to logic and analysis，is responsible for the right side of the body. The right hemisphere，linked to creativity and imagination，controls the left side of the body. So，people tend to believe lefties are controlled by the right side of the brain，and are more creative than right-handers. Some also think that lefties may not be as good as right-handers in mathematics and problem-solving skills.
However，a recent study carried out by scientists from the University of Liverpool in the UK and the University of Milan in Italy proved this theory wrong. The study involved（涉及）more than 2，300 students in Italy aged between 6 and 17 years old. They were asked to complete several mathematical tasks of different levels. It turned out the left-handers outperformed the others when the tasks involved difficult problem-solving. This pattern was particularly clear in male adolescents. However，when it came to simple arithmetic，there was no difference between left-handers and right-handers.
It was also discovered that those who are “severely" right-handed performed less well in all the experiments compared to “medium” right-handers and left-handers.
“Taken together，these findings show that handedness does influence abilities to some degree，"the study's authors wrote. However，“Handedness is just an indirect expression of brain function，"wrote psychology professor Giovanni Sala from the University of Liverpool in the UK，the lead author of the study. Sala also noted that only one third of people with a highly-developed right side of the brain are left-handed. It means that there are lots of right-handed people with a similar brain function as left-handers.
1.How does the author begin the text？
A. By telling some ancient stories.
B. By giving examples of artworks.
C. By introducing modern research.
D. By presenting conventional wisdom.
2.What is the main focus of Paragraph 2？
A. Skills of solving problems.
B. Ways of becoming creative.
C. People's opinions of left-handers.
D. The functions of two hemispheres.
3.What can we learn from the study led by Giovanni Sala？
A. Handedness doesn't have any association with brain function.
B. People with a highly-developed right hemisphere are most likely lefties.
C. The “severely” right-handed are far better at simple arithmetic than lefties.
D. Right-handers didn't perform as well as lefties when handling tough problems.
4.Where is the text most probably taken from？
A.A medical report.
B.A science magazine.
C.A biology textbook.
D. An education essay.
刷7选5
体裁：说明文 题材：文学与艺术 词数：223 难度：中 建议用时：7分钟
How do you write a story？How is writing a short story different from writing a novel？These are difficult questions to answer.1 But if you want to write a short story，here are several tips to help you get started.
Real writers read. As Stephen King said, “If you don't have time to read，you don't have time to write.” 2 Even if you've read hundreds of stories，studying one or two closely will help improve your understanding of the short story form.
Some guides suggest focusing on writing an attractive first paragraph first.3 Instead，just write. Don't worry about what comes out. It's not important. You just need to get your short story started.
4 After you write your first draft，you need to start cutting，rewriting and editing your short story. This is the hardest part of writing a short story. However，don't give up. You're almost there.
Before you submit（提交）your short story，make sure you have read it aloud several times to find any errors. Then skim some literary（文学的）magazines and read their guidelines to know if your short story will be a good fit. 5 It will be hard to let go of your short story，but you cannot get it published if you don't submit it.
A. All good writing is rewriting.
B. Send your work out into the world.
C. Get some suggestions from other writers.
D. There are so many types of short stories and novels.
E. If you want to be a writer，you should consider writing short stories.
F. If you've never read a short story，you're going to have a difficult time writing one.
G. While it's important，it puts a lot of pressure on you when you write your short story.
刷完形填空
体裁：说明文 题材：人际关系 词数：279 难度：中 建议用时：13分钟
Some people are afraid of starting a casual conversation with a stranger because of a fear of not having anything interesting to say. Fear of rejection（拒绝）is also a 1 keeping silent. Small talk in a conversation can 2 as a way of warming up and getting to 3 each other. Most people，no matter how successful they are at work，will find the process of 4 small talk uncomfortable，even pointless（无意义的）.However，you will have a pretty small world if you refuse to let others in. Starting off with a casual comment or question will make others 5，and even just greeting them with a simple “hello" will often be enough.
Once you have made the first 6，there is no turning back. You need to keep things 7 before you can gracefully say goodbye. Think about what you would like to 8 with a new friend and that is what you can ask the other person about. Work, family, hobbies or interests are some 9 points of discussion. To keep the ball rolling, you can show that you are really 10 in what they are saying. Once you find common 11 of interest, things will definitely 12 off from there.
Small talk can 13 out to be a pleasant experience. The conversation should be brief and casual without turning into a long and boring discussion. Do not let yourself 14 the conversation. Stop worrying about how big a fool you may appear to be. You may even find out later on that you have the 15 for getting people to open up to you by engaging them in small talk.
1. A. demand for B. reason for C. result of D. sign of
2. A. carry B. bring C. mean D. serve
3. A. know B. study C. recognize D. help
4. A. giving B. leaving C. making D. forcing
5. A. comfortable B. upset C. nervous D. satisfied
6. A. try B. plan C. wish D. move
7. A. changing B. rising C. improving D. going
8. A. play B. share C. do D. show
9. A. private B. present C. important D. general
10. A. absorbed B. lacking C. interested D. engaged
11. A. ideas B. experiences C. points D. senses
12. A. take B. put C. get D. set
13. A. come B. turn C. find D. figure
14. A. start B. complete C. consider D. control
15. A. responsibility B. reputation C. talent D. passion
刷语法填空
体裁：说明文 题材：宇宙探索 词数：195 难度：中 建议用时：7分钟
China launched its 1（one）independent Mars mission on July 23，2020 at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in Hainan，2（open）the nation's planetary exploration programme.
If everything goes according to schedule，the 5-ton Tianwen 1，3 consists of two major parts，the orbiter and the lander，will travel more than 400 million km over some seven months 4 entering the Martian gravitational field（引力场）.
The entire landing operation is expected to take about 7 minutes，which 5（call）by experts “the 6（risky）moment" of a Mars landing mission. After a certain period of preparations，the lander will 7（gradual）unlock the rover（火星车）to allow it to move onto the Martian surface.
Research on the Red Planet is also meaningful to studying the history and 8（evolve）of Earth，space scientists said.
Tianwen，9 Inquiries of Heaven，is a long poem by famous ancient poet Qu Yuan of the State of Chu during the Warring States period. He is known for his patriotism and contributions to classical poetry and verses.
Naming the mission after the poem was intended 10（show）China's determination to explore deep space and to implant the love of science in young people.
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________
刷读后续写
难度：中 建议用时：20分钟
[河北唐山2020高二期末]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was 9 years old，I used to cut grass for Mrs Long. The elderly lady paid me very little，for she hadn't much money. But she did promise me, “When Christmas comes，I shall have a present for you.” I spent much time wondering what it would be. The boys I played with had baseball gloves，bicycles and ice skates，and I was so eager to acquire any one of these that I convinced myself that Mrs Long intended choosing from among them.
“It would hardly be a pair of baseball gloves，"I reasoned with myself. "A woman like Mrs Long wouldn't know much about baseball." Since she was old and weak，I also ruled out the bicycle，for she couldn't handle such a large item.
On my last Saturday at work，Mrs Long said，"At Christmas you come to the door and collect the present."
These words clinched（确定）my guess. Since she was going to have the present in her house and handle it herself，unquestionably she was giving me a pair of ice skates.
I became so convinced of this that I could imagine myself upon the skates and the excitement they brought me. As the cold days of November arrived and ice began to form on the ponds，I began to try my luck on the ice.
“Get away from that ice！"a man shouted. "It's not strong enough yet."
As Christmas approached，it was with difficulty that I restrained（抑制）myself from reporting to Mrs Long and demanding my present. On the 21st of December，icy weather froze all the ponds so that boys who already had ice skates were able to use them. My longing to possess mine became overpowering.
So the next day I could no longer control myself and presented myself at Mrs Long's door. “I've been waiting for you，"she said with a smile.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
She set me in a chair and handed a package to me. __________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On Christmas morning, I could not wait to open the package._________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
刷阅读理解
A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文，论述了一些有关洗车用水的建议。
1.C细节理解题。根据第二段第三句She advises car owners to keep a set amount of water in a container for the entire wash.可知，凯蒂建议储备一些水。故选C项
2.A推理判断题。根据第三段中尚伯特所说的话 Drains are not made for treating waste.和Even when car owners use natural soaps to wash their cars，Schombert says they are probably ineffective in breaking down grease anyway.可推知，尚伯特是反对在家洗车的。故选A项。
3.B主旨大意题。根据第四段中的These processes not only keep the dirty water out of drains and regular water treatment systems，but also work to reduce water usage at commercial facilities.以及整段内容可知，本段主要讲了“专业洗车处的优势”。故选B项。
4.C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的cleaning our cars at home can use 100 gallons of water；self-service car washes，which allow you to use only about 17 or 18 gallons of water；most full-service car washes average about 30 to 45 gallons of water per vehicle可知，自助洗车用水最少。故选C项。
B
【语篇导读】本文为一篇说明文。文章通过一项调查研究介绍了对“左撇子”的一些错误看法。
1.D推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的Left-handed people，or“lefties” as they are often called，are generally believed to be good at art-Leonardo da Vinci，Picasso and Michelangelo are all left-handed.可知，作者在文章开始通过提出对“左撇子”的传统看法来引出下文。故选D项。
2.C主旨大意题。根据文章第二段最后两句So，people tend to believe lefties are controlled by the right side of the brain，and are more creative than right-handers. Some also think that lefties may not be as good as right-handers in mathematics and problem-solving skills.可知，第二段主要介绍人们对于“左撇子”的看法。故选C项。
3.D细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的It turned out the left-handers outperformed the others when the tasks involved difficult problem-solving.可知，当任务涉及解决困难问题时，“左撇子”的表现优于其他人，即惯用右手的人的表现不如“左撇子”。故选D项。
4.B推理判断题。根据文章内容尤其是第三段中的However，a recent study carried out by scientists from the University of Liverpool in the UK and the University of Milan in Italy proved this theory wrong.可知，本文通过一项调查研究展开介绍，属于科普类说明文，最可能出自科学杂志。故选B项。
【方法总结】推断文章出处的解题方法
推断文章出处的设题形式有：Where is the text most likely taken from？/Where does the text probably come from？此类题一般要基于文章的体裁和内容来判断其出处，平时学习过程中要注意增加对报纸文章、杂志文章、科普文、广告、说明书、旅游指南等特殊体裁的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座。
刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，作者就如何写一篇短篇故事提出了建议，并且建议完成作品后去投稿。
1.D本段第一、二句提问如何写故事，写短篇故事与写小说有何不同，第三句承接上两句，讲的是“这些是很难回答的问题”。D项“有那么多种类的短篇故事和小说”解释了这些问题为什么难回答，而且与第二句中出现的short story和novel相呼应，符合语境。
2.F本段第一句点明本段主题：阅读对于作家的重要性。设空前一句讲如果一个人没时间阅读，那也就没时间写作，F项“如果你从来没有读过短篇故事，你将很难写出一篇来”承接上文，故选F项。
3.G设空前一句讲的是“一些指南建议要先集中精力写一个吸引人的开头”，空后一句Instead，just write.意思是“恰恰相反，去写就可以了”，Instead表示转折，设空处需要填一个承上启下的句子，G项“虽然它很重要，但是当你写短篇故事时，它会给你带来很大的压力”切题，故选G项。
4.A设空后一句讲的是“写完了你的初稿之后，你需要开始删减、修改和校订你的短篇故事”，句中rewriting是关键信息，A项“所有好的作品都是修改出来的”与之呼应，故选A项。
5.B设空后一句It will be hard to let go of your short story，but you cannot get it published if you don't submit it.提及了要投稿的问题，submit为关键信息，B项“寄出你的作品”切题，故选B项。
Exercise 2
刷完形填空
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了闲聊在交流中的重要性。文中分析了部分人害怕闲聊的原因，并就如何让闲聊顺利进行下去给出了建议。
1.B根据 Some people are afraid of starting a casual conversation with a stranger because of a fear of not having anything interesting to say. 可知，一些人因为担心没有有趣的事情说，所以不敢和陌生人闲谈。由本句中的also可知，此处讲的也是不敢与陌生人闲谈而保持沉默的原因。故选B项。
2.D句意为：交流中的闲谈可以起到暖场和互相了解的作用。serve as...意为“起……的作用”。故选D项。
3.A句意见上一题解析。know意为“熟悉，了解”；study意为“学习”；recognise意为“认出；认可”；help意为“帮助”。根据句意可知选A项。
4.C句意为：大部分的人，无论他们在工作上多么成功，都会发现闲谈的过程是令人不舒服的，甚至没有意义。make small talk意为“进行闲谈”。故选C项。
5.A根据设空后的and even just greeting them with a simple “hello” will often be enough可知，此处指以随意的评论或问题开始将会让别人感到舒服。故选A项。
6.D根据下文中的You need to keep things before you can gracefully say goodbye.可知，此处指一旦你迈出了第一步，就得一直继续下去。故选D项。
7.D根据before you can gracefully say goodbye可知，在你可以优雅地道别之前，你需要让谈话进行下去。故选D项。
8.B根据下文中的Work...or interests are some points of discussion.可知，此处是考虑一下你想与一个新朋友分享什么，并且那也是你可以询问别人的东西。故选B项。
9.D句意为：工作、家庭、爱好或兴趣一般都是可供讨论的一些话题。private意为“私人的”；present意为“现在的”；important意为“重要的”；general意为“一般的”。故选D项。
10.C根据下文中的Once you find common of interest，things will definitely off from there.可知为了闲聊继续下去，你可以表现出你对于他们所说的内容真的感兴趣。be interested in...为固定搭配，意为“对……感兴趣”，故选C项。
11.C句意为：一旦你发现了兴趣的共同点，情况肯定会就此变好。common point意为“共同点”，故选C项。
12.A句意见上一题解析。takeoff意为“开始成功”；put off意为“推迟”；get off意为“下车”；set off意为“出发”。故选A项。
13.B句意为：闲谈最终可以成为一次愉快的经历。turn out意为“最终成为；结果是”，符合语境，故选B项。come out意为“出现”；find out 意为“查清楚”；figure out 意为“理解”。
14.D结合上下文可知，此处是作者的建议：不要让自己控制谈话。start 意为“开始”；complete意为“完成”；consider意为“考虑”；control意为“控制”。故选D项。
15.C句意为：你在后来甚至可能会发现你有通过让他人参与闲谈从而对你敞开心扉的天赋。talent意为“天赋”，符合语境，故选C项。
刷语法填空
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国首次独立开展火星探测任务的情况，并介绍了“天问一号”的命名原因。
1.first句意为：中国于2020年7月23日在位于海南的文昌航天发射场首次独立开展了火星探测任务。根据语境可知，这里表示“首次”，应用序数词表示顺序。故填first。
2.opening 句中有谓语动词launched且其与open之间无连词，故应用非谓语动词形式，open与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，即“这次发射任务开启了国家行星探索计划”，应用现在分词作状语。故填opening。
3.which 设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Tianwen1，指物，从句中缺少主语，故应用关系代词which。
4.before句意为：如果一切按计划进行，由轨道飞行器和着陆器两个重要部分组成的5吨重的天问一号，将在大约七个月内行驶超过4亿千米进入火星引力场。通过科学常识可知，天问一号是在进入引力场之前行驶，before意为“在……之前”。故填before。
5.is called which在从句中作主语，指代The entire landing operation，为单数，和call之间为被动关系，即整个登陆行动被称为“最危险的时刻”，根据主句中的is可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is called。
6.riskiest/most risky 句意为：整个登陆行动预计需要7分钟左右，专家称之为火星登陆任务中“最危险的时刻”。根据空前的定冠词the和语境可知，这里强调的是火星登陆任务中“最危险的时刻”，应用形容词的最高级。故填riskiest或most risky。
7.gradually 设空处修饰动词unlock，应用副词。故填gradually。
8.evolution 设空处与history并列作宾语，应用名词。故填evolution。
9.or 根据谓语动词is可知，句子主语应为单数形式，Tianwen和Inquiries of Heaven都表示屈原的长诗《天问》，两者之间是选择关系。故填or。
10.to show be intended to do sth为固定短语，意为“想要做某事，打算做某事”。故填to show。
刷应用文写作
【线索梳理】
1.Before Christmas，the boy got his present. What did Mrs Long say when she gave the boy the present？
2.What gift did the boy get？
【参考范文】
She set me in a chair and handed a package to me. She said to me，"Thanks for cutting grass for me. Because I didn't have much money，I didn't pay you much money. I had promised to give you a present，so it is time for you to get it." I was so excited that I wanted to open it right away，but Mrs Long stopped me and said，“You can't open it until Christmas morning，can you promise that？”“Of course，Mrs Long，”I replied.
On Christmas morning，I could not wait to open the package. To my excitement，it was a brand-new pair of ice-skates which I was eager for. I couldn't control myself and went to the frozen pond. I skated on the ice with the other people. As I skated on the ice，I thought of Mrs Long，how kind she was to send me such a present. She observed me for a long time and knew what I wanted so much. It was a present better than much money.
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