选择性必修第三册 Unit5 Learning from nature Developing ideas and Presenting ideas and Reflection(有答案）
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| 名称 | 选择性必修第三册 Unit5 Learning from nature Developing ideas and Presenting ideas and Reflection(有答案） |  | |
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同步课堂专练
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Section C Developing ideas & Presenting ideas & Reflection (重点练）
一、阅读理解
Mathew White, an environmental psychologist, is on a mission to give Mother Nature the respect he thinks she deserves when it comes to human health. For decades, scientists and health-care professionals have recognized that exposure to green spaces, such as public parks or forests, is linked with lower risks of all sorts of illnesses common in the world. Experimental work has demonstrated various physiological responses that occur when people spend time in natural environments: blood pressure drops, heart rate decreases, immune function improves, and the nervous system directs the body to rest and digest.
As humans increasingly populate urbanized areas, they are spending less and less time in natural environments. But before doctors can start advising their patients to head to the nearest park, there is an important outstanding question, says White: How much time in nature do you need to generate these apparent benefits Most of the research that has linked health outcomes with exposure to the natural world didn't use frequency or duration of park visits, but rather the amount of green space within a certain distance of a person's home, White says. But "it's not so much where you live; it's whether you use it or not."
So he collected data to estimate what dose (剂量) of nature was needed to show benefits to a person's health. White's group found the answer he was after: Spending at least two hours in nature per week was strongly correlated with self-reports of being in good health or having high wellbeing. "I was very surprised, to be honest," says White, who had been expecting a much longer time. "We had no idea that such a clear threshold of time per week would emerge from the data."
He was further surprised to learn that it didn't seem to matter how many trips to a park people took, so long as they got in their two hours per week. It could be a long visit one day, a couple of hour-long trips, three visits of 40 minutes, or four half-hour excursions. He and his colleagues speculate that, if nature's apparent health benefits are a result of being able to de-stress, then whatever pattern of green space exposure fits one's schedule is probably the best way to achieve that goal.
Health-care recommendations for people to spend time in nature are probably years away, but the movement has begun. Several organizations around the world are working to promote awareness of nature's contribution to health. Some researchers have used the term "a dose of nature" to evaluate the amount of exposure needed to gain benefits. "That was kind of the deliberate medicalization of the language around nature and health," says White.
（1）White's research focused on_______.
A.required amount of green space
B.benefits from the exposure to nature
C.necessary time length of nature visits
D.physical responses to outdoor activities
（2）What does the underlined phrase "threshold of time" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Maximum time.
B.Minimum time.
C.Adequate time.
D.Average time.
（3）From the last paragraph, we can infer that White______.
A.is confident about his mission
B.is willing to cooperate with others
C.has persuaded others to accept his idea
D.has adopted the term for his research result
（4）What's the best title for the passage
A.Respect for Nature
B.Nature as Medicine
C.Present from Nature
D.Mission in Nature
二、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
With keepers to feed them, vets to cure them, and no predators (捕食者) to eat them, animals in a zoo usually live much ________(long) than animals in the wild. Zoo life is safe, but it can also be boring.
In the wild, survival is ________ full-time job, consisting of finding food, taking care of babies, and steering clear of all the things that might want to eat you. ________(compare) with their wild cousins, says one zoo vet, 200 animals are unemployed.
Scientists________(observe) animals in their natural environments realized that some zoo animals were doing all sorts of ________(nature) things those species don't do in the wild. Tigers paced back and forth ________ (end). Elephants moved their heads up and down. These are signs of boredom and stress. And scientists have learned that being stressed out can actually make animals and people sick.
Giving zoo animals food and shelter ________( be ) not enough to keep them healthy. They also need something ________( do ). These days, problems likes pacing are less common because zoos try to make life interesting for animals that live there, with habitats, games, and even toys________ encourage natural skills and behaviors. These things are just as important for the animals' good health ________ a proper diet or a visit from the vet.
三、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
________It is a new term in today's tourism industry. But in an age of growing environmental awareness, it is not too difficult for us to imagine and understand this new form of holiday.
Ecotourism, which is considered as a kind of responsible tourism, is typically defined as travel to places where special and unusual plants, animals and cultural heritages are the main attractions. ________Therefore, some natural and cultural spots also form a part of ecotourism.
Ecotourism is developing at great speed. According to a recent report by the World Tourism Organization, ecotourism in recent years has enjoyed an annual growth of about 5% worldwide. ________They included bird watching, hiking, diving, photography and taking part in various kinds of local cultural events.
________However, it looks like some smaller towns and country areas may well become the new destinations for people to visit tomorrow because they are rich in ecological, cultural and historical resource.
Ecotourism has been gaining increasing recognition and popularity mainly for the relaxing, natural and vivid experience it offers to tourists. People are attracted to nature and long to be close to it. However, a conflict between nature and human beings is unavoidable.________
A. The definition of ecotourism is beyond words.
B. It takes ecology and culture into consideration.
C. You may not be very familiar with “ecotourism”.
D. More than 80 activities have been listed for ecotourism.
E. People can have great fun enjoying nature through ecotourism.
F. Big cities are still the major places that attract tourists in our society today.
G How to protect natural resources while taking advantage of them is of great importance.
参考答案
一【答案】 （1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们在自然环境中会产生各种生理反应:血压下降，心率下降，免疫功能改善，神经系统引导身体休息和消化，每周至少在自然中呆上两个小时，与自我报告的健康状况或高幸福感密切相关。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段的“says White: How much time in nature do you need to generate these apparent benefits Most of the research that has linked health outcomes with exposure to the natural world didn’t use frequency or duration of park visits, but rather the amount of green space within a certain distance of a person’s home, White says.”怀特说：你需要多少时间才能产生这些明显的益处？大多数将健康结果与接触自然环境联系在一起的研究没有使用公园参观的频率或持续时间，而是考虑到附近一定距离内的绿地面积)通过这句话我们可以知道对于以前大部分的研究来说，都没有研究公园的参观频率和持续时间。所以我们可以推断出，怀特的主要研究内容就是对于公园绿地的使用频率和使用时间。故选C。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“‘I was very surprised, to be honest,’ says White, who had been expecting a much longer time.”“我很惊讶，怀特说，他一直期待的是更长的时间”我们可以知道，原本怀特是认为大家会花很多时间在大自然中，但是数据却让他大吃一惊。由此我们可以推断出人们的使用时间是非常少的。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Some researchers have used the term ‘a dose of nature’ to evaluate the amount of exposure needed to gain benefits. ‘That was kind of the deliberate medicalization of the language around nature and health,’ says White.”一些研究人员用“自然剂量”来评估获得益处所需的暴露量。怀特说：“这是对自然和健康刻意医学化的语言”。可知，怀特在对于其他研究人员所得出的结论表示不赞同。可推断出怀特是更加相信自己观点的。故选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了人们在自然环境中会产生各种生理反应:血压下降，心率下降，免疫功能改善，神经系统引导身体休息和消化，每周至少在自然中呆上两个小时，与自我报告的健康状况或高幸福感密切相关。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
二【答案】 longer；a；Compared；observing；unnatural；endlessly；is；to do；that/which；as
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，生活在动物园的动物，一方面被保护的很好，但另一方面也面临一些问题，比如无所事事，枯燥、压力等，因此只给动物园里的动物食物和住所并不足以保证动物的健康。动物园试图让生活在那里的动物感到有趣，比如栖息地，游戏，甚至鼓励自然技能和行为的玩具。
（1）考查形容词。句意：因为有饲养员喂养，有兽医医治，没有捕食者狩猎，动物园里的动物通常比在野外的动物活得长一些。than表比较，要用比较级，long的比较级是longer。故填longer。
（2）考查冠词。句意：在野外，生存是一项全职工作，包括寻找食物，照顾婴儿，远离一切可能会吃掉你的东西。空白处泛指“一项工作”，且full-time首字母的发音是辅音音素，用不定冠词a。故填a。
（3）考查非谓语动词。句意：一个动物园的兽医说，与它们生活在野外的表兄弟们相比，生活在动物园的200只动物无所事事。分析句子可知，are unemployed是从句的谓语，compare要用非谓语形式；compare与逻辑主语200 animals是被动关系，用done的形式，且位于句首。故填Compared。
（4）考查非谓语动词。句意：观察生活在自然环境里的动物的科学家们意识到，一些动物园的动物正在做各种反常的事情，那是在野外的物种不会做的事情。observe与逻辑主语Scientists是主动关系，用现在分词，故填observing。
（5）考查形容词。句意：观察生活在自然环境里的动物的科学家们意识到，一些动物园的动物正在做各种反常的事情，那是野生物种不会做的。根据语境，空白处填形容词，意为“反常的、不自然的”，故填unnatural。
（6）考查副词。句意：老虎不停地来回踱步。根据下文“These are signs of boredom and stress ”可知，空白处填副词修饰动词paced，故填endlessly。
（7）考查时态和主谓一致。句意：给动物园里的动物提供食物和庇护所不足以使它们保持健康。句子陈述的客观事实，用一般现在时态；主语是Giving zoo animals food and shelter，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填is。
（8）考查非谓语动词。句意：他们需要有事情做。此空作定语修饰something，用to do形式，故填to do。
（9）考查定语从句。句意：这些天来，像来回走这样的问题不太常见了，因为动物园试图让生活在那里的动物感到有趣，比如提供不同的栖息地，游戏，甚至玩具，鼓励自然技能和行为。此处引导定语从句，先行词为toys，从句关系词用that/which。故填that/which。
（10）考查固定搭配。句意：对动物的健康而言，这些东西就像适当的饮食和兽医的诊断一样重要。
as…as…固定短语，“与……一样”，故填as。
【点评】本题考点涉及形容词，冠词，非谓语动词，名副词，时态，主谓一致，定语从句以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
三【答案】 C；B；D；F；G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了生态旅游，在当今旅游业，生态旅游是一个新的概念，但是随着环保意识的日益增长，对我们来说，很容易想象和理解这个新形式的项目．生态旅游，这被认为是一种负责任的旅游．通常定义为去有不寻常的植物，动物和文化遗产为主要的景点的地方。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后"It is a new term in today's tourism industry"中的new term可知，此处指的是"新词语"，所以 C. You may not be very familiar with “ecotourism”. "你也许对ecotourism这个词不是很熟悉"．符合语境，故选C。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后" Therefore, some natural and cultural spots also form a part of ecotourism. "可知，这些项目涉及对一些景点的保护，故 B. It takes ecology and culture into consideration. "它把生态和文化考虑在内"，后句是对前句的进一步解释．故选B。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。 根据空后"They include bird-watching，hiking，driving，photography and taking part in various kinds of local cultural events"可知，此处指的是生态旅游所包含的项目，所以上句应是一个总体的说明，故选D。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。下文的However表示意思上的转折，同时根据空后"some smaller towns and country areas"以及"new destinations for people to visit"，那么上句就应该是与之进行比较的内容，故 F. Big cities are still the major places that attract tourists in our society today. "当今社会大城市仍然是吸引游客的主要地方"．符合语境，故选F。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。该空前面讲的是自然与人类之间的关系，所以这里应该讲"如何在利用自然资源的同时保护它们是非常重要的"．故选G。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
2 / 2
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Section C Developing ideas & Presenting ideas & Reflection (重点练）
一、阅读理解
Mathew White, an environmental psychologist, is on a mission to give Mother Nature the respect he thinks she deserves when it comes to human health. For decades, scientists and health-care professionals have recognized that exposure to green spaces, such as public parks or forests, is linked with lower risks of all sorts of illnesses common in the world. Experimental work has demonstrated various physiological responses that occur when people spend time in natural environments: blood pressure drops, heart rate decreases, immune function improves, and the nervous system directs the body to rest and digest.
As humans increasingly populate urbanized areas, they are spending less and less time in natural environments. But before doctors can start advising their patients to head to the nearest park, there is an important outstanding question, says White: How much time in nature do you need to generate these apparent benefits Most of the research that has linked health outcomes with exposure to the natural world didn't use frequency or duration of park visits, but rather the amount of green space within a certain distance of a person's home, White says. But "it's not so much where you live; it's whether you use it or not."
So he collected data to estimate what dose (剂量) of nature was needed to show benefits to a person's health. White's group found the answer he was after: Spending at least two hours in nature per week was strongly correlated with self-reports of being in good health or having high wellbeing. "I was very surprised, to be honest," says White, who had been expecting a much longer time. "We had no idea that such a clear threshold of time per week would emerge from the data."
He was further surprised to learn that it didn't seem to matter how many trips to a park people took, so long as they got in their two hours per week. It could be a long visit one day, a couple of hour-long trips, three visits of 40 minutes, or four half-hour excursions. He and his colleagues speculate that, if nature's apparent health benefits are a result of being able to de-stress, then whatever pattern of green space exposure fits one's schedule is probably the best way to achieve that goal.
Health-care recommendations for people to spend time in nature are probably years away, but the movement has begun. Several organizations around the world are working to promote awareness of nature's contribution to health. Some researchers have used the term "a dose of nature" to evaluate the amount of exposure needed to gain benefits. "That was kind of the deliberate medicalization of the language around nature and health," says White.
（1）White's research focused on_______.
A.required amount of green space
B.benefits from the exposure to nature
C.necessary time length of nature visits
D.physical responses to outdoor activities
（2）What does the underlined phrase "threshold of time" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Maximum time.
B.Minimum time.
C.Adequate time.
D.Average time.
（3）From the last paragraph, we can infer that White______.
A.is confident about his mission
B.is willing to cooperate with others
C.has persuaded others to accept his idea
D.has adopted the term for his research result
（4）What's the best title for the passage
A.Respect for Nature
B.Nature as Medicine
C.Present from Nature
D.Mission in Nature
二、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
With keepers to feed them, vets to cure them, and no predators (捕食者) to eat them, animals in a zoo usually live much ________(long) than animals in the wild. Zoo life is safe, but it can also be boring.
In the wild, survival is ________ full-time job, consisting of finding food, taking care of babies, and steering clear of all the things that might want to eat you. ________(compare) with their wild cousins, says one zoo vet, 200 animals are unemployed.
Scientists________(observe) animals in their natural environments realized that some zoo animals were doing all sorts of ________(nature) things those species don't do in the wild. Tigers paced back and forth ________ (end). Elephants moved their heads up and down. These are signs of boredom and stress. And scientists have learned that being stressed out can actually make animals and people sick.
Giving zoo animals food and shelter ________( be ) not enough to keep them healthy. They also need something ________( do ). These days, problems likes pacing are less common because zoos try to make life interesting for animals that live there, with habitats, games, and even toys________ encourage natural skills and behaviors. These things are just as important for the animals' good health ________ a proper diet or a visit from the vet.
三、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
________It is a new term in today's tourism industry. But in an age of growing environmental awareness, it is not too difficult for us to imagine and understand this new form of holiday.
Ecotourism, which is considered as a kind of responsible tourism, is typically defined as travel to places where special and unusual plants, animals and cultural heritages are the main attractions. ________Therefore, some natural and cultural spots also form a part of ecotourism.
Ecotourism is developing at great speed. According to a recent report by the World Tourism Organization, ecotourism in recent years has enjoyed an annual growth of about 5% worldwide. ________They included bird watching, hiking, diving, photography and taking part in various kinds of local cultural events.
________However, it looks like some smaller towns and country areas may well become the new destinations for people to visit tomorrow because they are rich in ecological, cultural and historical resource.
Ecotourism has been gaining increasing recognition and popularity mainly for the relaxing, natural and vivid experience it offers to tourists. People are attracted to nature and long to be close to it. However, a conflict between nature and human beings is unavoidable.________
A. The definition of ecotourism is beyond words.
B. It takes ecology and culture into consideration.
C. You may not be very familiar with “ecotourism”.
D. More than 80 activities have been listed for ecotourism.
E. People can have great fun enjoying nature through ecotourism.
F. Big cities are still the major places that attract tourists in our society today.
G How to protect natural resources while taking advantage of them is of great importance.
参考答案
一【答案】 （1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们在自然环境中会产生各种生理反应:血压下降，心率下降，免疫功能改善，神经系统引导身体休息和消化，每周至少在自然中呆上两个小时，与自我报告的健康状况或高幸福感密切相关。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段的“says White: How much time in nature do you need to generate these apparent benefits Most of the research that has linked health outcomes with exposure to the natural world didn’t use frequency or duration of park visits, but rather the amount of green space within a certain distance of a person’s home, White says.”怀特说：你需要多少时间才能产生这些明显的益处？大多数将健康结果与接触自然环境联系在一起的研究没有使用公园参观的频率或持续时间，而是考虑到附近一定距离内的绿地面积)通过这句话我们可以知道对于以前大部分的研究来说，都没有研究公园的参观频率和持续时间。所以我们可以推断出，怀特的主要研究内容就是对于公园绿地的使用频率和使用时间。故选C。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“‘I was very surprised, to be honest,’ says White, who had been expecting a much longer time.”“我很惊讶，怀特说，他一直期待的是更长的时间”我们可以知道，原本怀特是认为大家会花很多时间在大自然中，但是数据却让他大吃一惊。由此我们可以推断出人们的使用时间是非常少的。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Some researchers have used the term ‘a dose of nature’ to evaluate the amount of exposure needed to gain benefits. ‘That was kind of the deliberate medicalization of the language around nature and health,’ says White.”一些研究人员用“自然剂量”来评估获得益处所需的暴露量。怀特说：“这是对自然和健康刻意医学化的语言”。可知，怀特在对于其他研究人员所得出的结论表示不赞同。可推断出怀特是更加相信自己观点的。故选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了人们在自然环境中会产生各种生理反应:血压下降，心率下降，免疫功能改善，神经系统引导身体休息和消化，每周至少在自然中呆上两个小时，与自我报告的健康状况或高幸福感密切相关。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
二【答案】 longer；a；Compared；observing；unnatural；endlessly；is；to do；that/which；as
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，生活在动物园的动物，一方面被保护的很好，但另一方面也面临一些问题，比如无所事事，枯燥、压力等，因此只给动物园里的动物食物和住所并不足以保证动物的健康。动物园试图让生活在那里的动物感到有趣，比如栖息地，游戏，甚至鼓励自然技能和行为的玩具。
（1）考查形容词。句意：因为有饲养员喂养，有兽医医治，没有捕食者狩猎，动物园里的动物通常比在野外的动物活得长一些。than表比较，要用比较级，long的比较级是longer。故填longer。
（2）考查冠词。句意：在野外，生存是一项全职工作，包括寻找食物，照顾婴儿，远离一切可能会吃掉你的东西。空白处泛指“一项工作”，且full-time首字母的发音是辅音音素，用不定冠词a。故填a。
（3）考查非谓语动词。句意：一个动物园的兽医说，与它们生活在野外的表兄弟们相比，生活在动物园的200只动物无所事事。分析句子可知，are unemployed是从句的谓语，compare要用非谓语形式；compare与逻辑主语200 animals是被动关系，用done的形式，且位于句首。故填Compared。
（4）考查非谓语动词。句意：观察生活在自然环境里的动物的科学家们意识到，一些动物园的动物正在做各种反常的事情，那是在野外的物种不会做的事情。observe与逻辑主语Scientists是主动关系，用现在分词，故填observing。
（5）考查形容词。句意：观察生活在自然环境里的动物的科学家们意识到，一些动物园的动物正在做各种反常的事情，那是野生物种不会做的。根据语境，空白处填形容词，意为“反常的、不自然的”，故填unnatural。
（6）考查副词。句意：老虎不停地来回踱步。根据下文“These are signs of boredom and stress ”可知，空白处填副词修饰动词paced，故填endlessly。
（7）考查时态和主谓一致。句意：给动物园里的动物提供食物和庇护所不足以使它们保持健康。句子陈述的客观事实，用一般现在时态；主语是Giving zoo animals food and shelter，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填is。
（8）考查非谓语动词。句意：他们需要有事情做。此空作定语修饰something，用to do形式，故填to do。
（9）考查定语从句。句意：这些天来，像来回走这样的问题不太常见了，因为动物园试图让生活在那里的动物感到有趣，比如提供不同的栖息地，游戏，甚至玩具，鼓励自然技能和行为。此处引导定语从句，先行词为toys，从句关系词用that/which。故填that/which。
（10）考查固定搭配。句意：对动物的健康而言，这些东西就像适当的饮食和兽医的诊断一样重要。
as…as…固定短语，“与……一样”，故填as。
【点评】本题考点涉及形容词，冠词，非谓语动词，名副词，时态，主谓一致，定语从句以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
三【答案】 C；B；D；F；G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了生态旅游，在当今旅游业，生态旅游是一个新的概念，但是随着环保意识的日益增长，对我们来说，很容易想象和理解这个新形式的项目．生态旅游，这被认为是一种负责任的旅游．通常定义为去有不寻常的植物，动物和文化遗产为主要的景点的地方。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后"It is a new term in today's tourism industry"中的new term可知，此处指的是"新词语"，所以 C. You may not be very familiar with “ecotourism”. "你也许对ecotourism这个词不是很熟悉"．符合语境，故选C。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后" Therefore, some natural and cultural spots also form a part of ecotourism. "可知，这些项目涉及对一些景点的保护，故 B. It takes ecology and culture into consideration. "它把生态和文化考虑在内"，后句是对前句的进一步解释．故选B。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。 根据空后"They include bird-watching，hiking，driving，photography and taking part in various kinds of local cultural events"可知，此处指的是生态旅游所包含的项目，所以上句应是一个总体的说明，故选D。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。下文的However表示意思上的转折，同时根据空后"some smaller towns and country areas"以及"new destinations for people to visit"，那么上句就应该是与之进行比较的内容，故 F. Big cities are still the major places that attract tourists in our society today. "当今社会大城市仍然是吸引游客的主要地方"．符合语境，故选F。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。该空前面讲的是自然与人类之间的关系，所以这里应该讲"如何在利用自然资源的同时保护它们是非常重要的"．故选G。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
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