外研版(2019) 选择性必修第三册 Unit6 Nature in words 语法-精讲破(含解析)

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名称 外研版(2019) 选择性必修第三册 Unit6 Nature in words 语法-精讲破(含解析)
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更新时间 2023-03-06 21:37:49

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Unit6 Nature in words
语法-精讲破
复习非谓语动词作定语、状语和补足语
一、非谓语动词作定语
1.不定式作定语
观察
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
He is always the first to arrive at school and the last to leave.
The best way to strengthen willpower is to make it a habit.
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
归纳(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后,作定语的不定式若为不及物动词,其后应有相应的1.______。
(2)当中心词为2._____、3________、the last、the only等或被这些词修饰时,常用不定式作定语。
(3)有些抽象名词后常用不定式作定语,常见的这类名词有:ability,chance,opportunity、plan,attempt等。
2.分词作定语
观察
I'd like you to have a look at a study conducted in Australia.
Last night,there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.
The dining hall being built now will be completed next year.
归纳
作定语的分词形式主要有:现在分词、“being+过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时,用4.______;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时,用“5.______”;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时,用6.______。
3.非谓语动词作定语的解题思路
观察
The bridge built last year was designed by a local company.
Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the sky.
The bridge being built now was designed by a local company.
The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is very important.
归纳
表示被动、完成用;表示主动7._____、进行用8.______;表示被动、进行用9.______;表示主动、尚未进行用to do;表示被动的动作尚未进行用10.______。
二、非谓语动词作状语
1.不定式作状语
观察
To make it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
Tom took a taxi to the airport,only to find his plane high up in the sky.
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
归纳(1)不定式作目的状语,可用 so as to或 in order to替换,意为“为了”,但11.______一般不可置于句首。
(2)作结果状语,常表示12.______的结果,常用于下列结构中:only to do(结果却……);too…to do…(太…而不能做……);so.as to do.(如此……以至于……)等。
(3)作原因状语,常用在“13.______”结构中。这类形容词有:glad,happy、pleased、disappointed frightened、surprised astonished等。
2.分词作状语
Asked about his address,the boy didn't respond.
Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.
Absorbed in painting,John didn’t notice evening approaching.
归纳(1)非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常就是句子的14._____。现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的15._____关系。过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑
上的16.______关系。
(2)部分过去分词(短语)作状语时不表示被动,也不表完成,而表示一种17.______。常见的有:located(坐落于)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着的)、lost/absorbed/buried in(全神贯注于)、tired of(厌烦的)、faced with(面对着)等。
三、非谓语动词作宾补
1.不定式作宾补
观察
we expect you to give up the habit of drinking.
Parents want their children to develop in an all-round way.
归纳
不定式作宾补时,宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是18._____关系。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有:advise、allow、ask、cause、encourage、expect、forbid、force、intend、Invite等。
2.分词作宾补
观察
Do you hear someone calling for help?
Dr. Lee was happy to see his mother taken good care of at home after returning.
归纳
19.______作宾补,宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的主动关系,且强调正在进行的动作;20.______作宾补,宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,且表示完成的动作。
链接高考
单句语法填空
1.(2019课标全国Ⅱ,语法填空,★★☆)Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene declared she had no plans ______ (retire)from her 36-year old business.
2.(2019课标全国Ⅱ,语法填空,★★☆)When we got a call ______ (say)she was short-listed,we thought it was a joke.
3.(2019课标全国I,短文改错,★★☆)A the football players on the playground cheered loudly ______(say)that I had a talent for football.
4.(2019课标全国Ⅲ,语法填空,★★☆)…we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the north Shore under the stars ______ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
5.(2019北京,语法填空A,★★☆)Nervously ______ (face)challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.
6.(2019江苏,32,★★☆)China's Image Is improving steadily,with more countries _______ (recognize)its role in international affairs.
7.(2019江苏,30,★★☆)______ (enjoy)the convenience of digital payment,many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
8.(2018课标全国I,语法填空,★★☆)You don't have to run fast or for long ______ (see)the benefit.
9.(2018课标全国Ⅲ,短文改错,★★☆)Everyone was silent,______(wait)to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
10.(2018北京,6,★★☆)During the Mid-Autumn Festival,family members often gather together ______ (share)a meal admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
11.(2018北京,10,★★☆)Ordinary soap,______ (use)correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively.
12.(2018天津,7,★★☆)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ______ (take).
13.(2018浙江11月,语法填空,★★☆)Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem ______ (call)caffeinism.
14.(2018江苏,26,★★☆)Around13,500new jobs were created during the period ______ (exceed)the expected number of12,000 held by market analysts.
15.(2017课标全国I,语法填空,★★☆)They are required ______ (process)the food that we eat.
16.(2017北京,32,★★☆)Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time ______ (spend)with his students.
17.(2017天津,10,★★☆)I was watching the clock all through the meeting had a train ______ (catch).
18.(2017浙江,语法填空,★★☆)But thing made her look closer,and she noticed a ______ (shine)object.
19.(2016课标全国I,语法填空,★★★)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter ______ (permit)special unit caring for pandas from starvation in the wild.
20.(2016北京,28,★★☆)______ (order)over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.
21.(2016江苏,28,★★☆)In art criticism,you must assume the artist has a secret message ______(hide)within the work.
答案:
1.介词 2.序数词 3.形容词最高级 4.现在分词
5.being+过去分词 6.过去分词 7.过去分词(done)
8.现在分词(doing) 9.being done 10.to be done
11.so as to 12.出人意料 13.主语+系动词+形容词+to do
14.主语 15.主动 16.被动
17.状态 18.主动 19.现在分词
20.过去分词
1.to retire句意:领取“终身成就”奖时,自豪的艾琳宣布她没有打算从她36年的事业中退休。此处用to do作后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词 plans,表示“……的计划”,故填 to retire。
2. saying句意:当我们接到电话说她入围时,我们以为这是个玩笑。call与say之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作后置定语,故填 saying。
3. saying句意:操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为 cheered,逗号后作伴随状语。say与主语 All the football players是主动关系,故填 saying。
4. listening句意:我们应邀参加了在北海岸一个美丽的农场举行的私人音乐会,在星空下聆听音乐家的演奏,并见到了有趣的当地人。本句谓语为“were invited”,所以设空处应用非谓语动词形式。listen与we是主动关系,所以用现在分词作伴随状语,故填listening。
5. facing句意:当紧张地面对挑战时,我知道我要轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。分析句式叮知,设空处要用非谓语动词,且face与其逻辑主语I之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作状语,故填facing。
6.recognizing句意:中国的形象正在稳步提升,更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。more countries和 recognize之间是主动关系,这里是“with+宾语+现在分词”结构,故填 recognizing。
7.To enjoy句意:为了享受数字支付的方便,很多老年人开始使用智能手机。由句意可知,此处是不定式作目的状语。
8.to see句意:你不必为了弄清跑步带来的好处而跑得很快、很久。由句意可知,此处不定式作目的状语,故填to see。
9.waiting句意:所有人都默不作声,等着看谁会被要求朗读他或她的段落。分析句子成分可知,本句有系动词was,设空处应用非谓语动词,wait与主语Everyone之间是主动关系,故用现在分词 waiting作伴随状语。
10.to share句意:在中秋节期间,家庭成员通常会聚在一起吃饭、赏月并品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词share)a meal,admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语,家庭成员聚在一起的目的是吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼,故用动词不定式作目的状语。
11.used句意:如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地杀灭细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacteria effectively是主干(use)correctly是条件状语,且 Ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系,故用过去分词used。
12. taken句意:我需要一个新护照,所以我将不得不拍张照片。分析句子结构可知,宾语 my photograph与take之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语,故填 taken。
13. called句意:更大量的咖啡因会引起被称为咖啡因中毒的问题。problem与call之间是被动关系,故用过去分词called作 problem的后置定语。故填called。
14. exceeding句意:在这期间,大约13,500个新的作被创造出来,超过市场分析师预计的12,000个分析句子可知,这里用非谓语动词作状语,13,500与 exceed为主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填exceeding。
15.to process句意:需要它们处理我们吃的食物……。require sb./sth.to do sth.“需要某人/某物做某事”,故填 to process。
16.spent句意:吉姆已经退休了,但是他依然记得和他的学生们一起度过的快乐时光。分析句子结构可知,设空处应填非谓语动词作定语,且time和 spend之间是被动关系,故用过去分词 spent。
17.to catch句意:在整个会议期间我一直在看表,因为我要去赶火车。sb. have sth.to do某人有某事要做,此处不定式作后置定语,故应填 to catch。
18.shining句意:但某种东西让她看得近了一些,她注意到一个闪闪发光的物体。设空处作 object的前置定语,故填 shining,意为“闪闪发光的”。
19.permitted因为从句中已有系动词was,故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因 permit与 reporter之间为逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填 permitted。
20.Ordered句意:那些书是一周多之前订的,现在随时有可能送到。books和 order之间是被动关系,故用过去分词表示被动和完成,故填 Ordered。
21.hidden句意:在艺术评论中,你必须假设艺术家在作品中隐藏着一个秘密信息。分析句子结构可知设空处应填非谓语动词作定语,且 message和hide之间是被动关系,故用过去分词 hidden。
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