外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册 Unit6 Nature in words Starting out and Understanding ideas同步课堂重点练（有答案）

同步课堂专练（外研版2019选择性必修第三册）
Unit 6 Nature in words
Section A Starting out & Understanding ideas
（重点练）
一 阅读理解
The beauty of the outdoors naturally encourages people to go outside. The drive toward the natural world is present in normal times. Now, as many people are locked indoors, spending hours in front of screens, the pull of watching wind blow branches of neighboring trees is hardly matched. Forest therapy is one way to satisfy the demand while improving personal health and well-being.
Inspired by the Japanese practice of shinrin-yoku, or "forest bathing", forest therapy is a guided outdoor practice, which encourages people to experience the pleasures of nature through all of their senses and be present in the body.
Research on shinrin-yoku began in Japan in the 1980s when leaders there noticed a sharp rise in stress-related illnesses in the country, resulting from people spending more time working in technology and other industrial work. Specific settings were created to guide people in outdoor experiences. Research showed forest bathing may help reduce stress, improve attention, and lift moods.
Stress raises levels of cortisol, which plays a role in high blood pressure, heart disease and headaches. In test subjects, levels of cortisol decreased after a walk in the forest. Trees give off oils called phytoncides that have special properties and may influence immunity(免疫力). Exposure to natural tree oils helps lift depression, lower blood pressure. One study showed a rise in the number and activity of immune cells, which fight viruses and cancer, among people who spent three days and two nights in a forest compared with people taking an urban trip. This benefit lasted for more than a month after the forest trip!
Don't worry if you don't have three days to spend in the forest. A recent study showed spending at least 120 minutes a week in nature improved self-reported health and well-being. It doesn't matter whether the 120 minutes represents one long trip, or several shorter visits to nature. So, even as we are honoring physical distancing, it's possible and essential to get outside for 20 minutes every day and enhance our well-being.
（1）What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 imply
A.Interaction between neighbors is rare.
B.The beauty of nature is often ignored.
C.People's urge to be outside is stronger.
D.Public physical condition is worsening.
（2）Why did Japanese researchers start to study shinrin-yoku
A.To find a way to help people work out.
B.To deal with a national health crisis.
C.To provide an effective exercise guide.
D.To get people away from technology.
（3）What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.What long-term stress could cause.
B.How long people should stay in nature.
C.How forest therapy affects the body.
D.Whether exposure to forests is helpful.
（4）What is suggested in the last paragraph
A.Limiting time spent outdoors properly.
B.Spending at least 2 hours in nature a day.
C.Making a plan to exercise every day.
D.Keeping our connection with nature.
二 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
As spring comes to half the world, many people can enjoy the new growth that comes with warmer weather. This is a great time to get outside and get dirty! ________ This outdoor activity gives us beautiful plants, pleasant smelling flowers and fresh fruits and vegetables. Moreover, it also gives us many health benefits.
Gardening reduces loneliness. It connects people. When you are gardening, you are outdoors. ________ Gardeners usually enjoy showing people what they are growing. And most enjoy sharing advice and stories about their gardens.
Gardening is a great activity to do with children. It gets them outdoors and off computers, televisions and other electronics. ________ Gardening can teach a child about where food comes from and healthy eating. It can also help them to understand the limits of natural resources.
________ This means you are getting vitamin D which helps your bodies take in calcium (钙). That is necessary to keep bones strong. When you garden you must move around. All the different movements needed for gardening—bending, stretching and lifting—work small muscles in the body.
Gardening may help your brain stay young. In one study, researchers found that gardening could lower the risk of future dementia (痴呆) by 36 percent. ________ A flower and herb garden can help feed bees and butterflies. Growing herbs and flowers connects you to nature are pleases all of your senses.
A. Vitamin D also helps us fight diseases.
B. Children can learn about nature and wildlife.
C. Gardening is popular in many parts of the world.
D. So it is a perfect time to communicate with your neighbors.
E. Some people may not have the resources to have their own garden.
F. When you are in your garden, you might feel the sunshine on your skin.
G. Gardening can also give you the feeling that you have done something good.
三 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There is some good news for the environment. The British government has banned the use of plastic particles (微粒) in cosmetics (化妆品) and other personal care products.
Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plastic particles ________ (use) mostly in cosmetics production, face washes, toothpastes and other products. When we use these things, the plastic microbeads get into our pipes that carry water, and ________ (eventual) end up in the ocean. Plastic in the ocean puts fish and plants ________ danger, and even causes them to die.
________ (official)say that the ban will prevent water pollution and in the meantime help with the ________(protect) of ocean life. "The ban will stop billions of pieces of plastic entering our ecosystem, thus ________ (help) to conserve our precious seas and oceans, "Former Prime Minister Theresa May ever wrote on Twitter.
Therese Coffey, then the Environment Minister of the UK, said, "The world's seas and oceans are some of our most ________(value) natural things. And ________we do now is to deal with the plastic that causes great damage to our sea life. "He also added, "Actually, ________ amount of natural green things that we can take advantage of ________(make) personal care products is huge, and therefore the use of plastic microbeads should be abandoned.”
四.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
I became a gardener when I was twelve. My early 1 of gardening may not have originated from my love for nature. It was to 2 my parents.
At that time, we had a big yard in which a beautiful maple tree stood. But my mother often looked with 3 at this work of natural art. Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish to her, “something else to 4 !” Seeing the neighbors busy with gardening, my father even thought it a waste of time.
At that age, I always did something 5 to whatever my parents did! If gardening were something they found 6 .1 would plant a garden!
I planted some lily(百合花）in the yard. But they failed to 7 . I continued to plant sunflower seeds and roses. Wild 8 joy, I found the first rose bloom. One by one, the flowers bloomed their heads off. 9 , I was touched by this land of wonder.
10 , my parents showed no interest in my garden. My father even 11 at me because he found it was 12 to move around my garden to the driveway. To my mother's 13 , I put in her vase my real roses which, in her eyes, were simply weeds 14 flowers.
Regardless of their 15 , I kept on planting my garden and 16 to enjoy the pleasure of gardening. Plants make such good companions: they breathe, they bloom, they 17 to care and love.
It has been many years since I made my first garden out of my desire to 18 my parents. Today I become known as Mrs. Greenthumbs, teaching gardening and hosting a gardening show, which makes my parents feel very 19 . And now I could say it is my affection for 20 that makes me a real gardener.
1. A. memory B. dream C. intention D. design
2. A. please B. change C. help D. annoy
3. A. doubt B. appreciation C. surprise D. excitement
4. A. collect up B. care about C. clean up D. come in
5. A. equal B. similar C. superior D. opposite
6. A. painful B. valuable C. upsetting D. interesting
7. A. come up B. break out C. hold on D. get through
8. A. to B. with C. in D. by
9. A. Luckily B. Cheerfully C. Regularly D. Eventually
10. A. Instead B. However C. Therefore D. Besides
11. A. shouted B. laughed C. glanced D. jumped
12. A. convenient B. troublesome C. enjoyable D. dangerous
13. A. sadness B. displeasure C. delight D. relief
14. A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. less than
15. A. dislike B. encouragement C. threat D. suggestion
16. A. decided B. stopped C. continued D. struggled
17. A. devote B. turn C. respond D. lead
18. A. defeat B. satisfy C. respect D. challenge
19. A. proud B. comfortable C. strange D. disappointed
20. A. freedom B. life C. growth D. nature
答案解析
一【答案】 （1）C
（2）B
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了树木与人类之间的关系，同时说明了我们应该亲近自然，走进自然，那样我们才能从中获益。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
二【答案】 C；D；B；F；G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了园艺给人们带来的好处。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后的“This outdoor activity gives us beautiful plants, pleasant smelling flowers and fresh fruits and vegetables.” 这个户外活动给我们带来了美丽的植物，芳香的花朵和新鲜的水果和蔬菜。可知this activity指C选项中的Gardening，且beautiful plants, pleasant smelling flowers and fresh fruits and vegetables是Gardening包含的内容，故选C。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前的“It connects people. When you are gardening, you are outdoors. ”它连接的人。当你在园艺时，你是在户外。D. So it is a perfect time to communicate with your neighbors.“所以这是一个与你的邻居交流的完美时间”和空前的句子呈因果关系，故选D。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Gardening is a great activity to do with children. ”园艺是和孩子们一起做的一项很好的活动。可知B. Children can learn about nature and wildlife.“孩子们可以了解自然和野生动物”承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后的“This means you are getting vitamin D which helps your bodies take in calcium (钙). ”这意味着你正在获得维生素D，它可以帮助你的身体吸收钙，以及常识可知，晒太阳有助于身体的钙吸收，所以F选项中feel the sunshine on your skin承接下文内容getting vitamin D，故选F。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上下文可知，此处主要阐述园艺能给人带来的好处，G. Gardening can also give you the feeling that you have done something good.“园艺也能给你做了一些好事的感觉”符合本段主题，其中also是承接上文的主要手段，故选G。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
三【答案】 are used；eventually；in；Officials；protection；helping；valuable；what；the；to make
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，针对英国政府颁布的禁止在化妆品等产品中使用塑料微粒这一禁令，解释了其可以给环境带来的益处。
（1）考查时态语态。句意：塑料微珠或细小的固体塑料微粒在化妆品、洗面奶、牙膏和其他产品中被广泛使用。该段的主时态是一般现在时，Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plastic particles和use之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are used。
（2）考查副词。句意：并最终流入海洋。此处用所给词的副词修饰动词短语end up。故填eventually。
（3）考查介词。句意：海洋里的塑料会危害鱼类和植物，甚至导致它们死亡。put…in danger固定短语，“将……置于危险的境地”，故填in。
（4）考查名词。句意：官方表明禁令将阻止水污染并同时帮助保护海洋生物。根据空后的谓语动词say可知，该空用所给名词的复数以符合主谓一致。故填Officials。
（5）考查名词。句意：官方表明禁令将阻止水污染并同时帮助保护海洋生物。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，此处用所给词的名词。故填protection。
（6）考查非谓语动词。句意：因此帮助保护我们珍贵的海洋。help与前面整个句子存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故用所给词的现在分词，作状语，填helping。
（7）考查形容词。句意：世界上的海洋是我们最有价值的自然资源。此处用所给词的形容词修饰natural things。故填valuable。
（8）考查主语从句。句意：而我们现在要做的就是处理掉那些对海洋生物造成严重损害的塑料。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个主语从句，从句缺少宾语，故此处用连接代词what，因此填what。
（9）考查冠词。句意：事实上，自然中那些能加以利用来制造个人护理用品的绿色资源是很多的。the amount of…固定短语，“……的数量”。故填the。
（10）考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，自然中那些能加以利用来制造个人护理用品的绿色资源是很多的。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。
【点评】本题考点涉及时态语态，副词，介词，名词，非谓语动词，形容词，主语从句以及冠词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
四【答案】 （1）C；（2）D；（3）A；（4）C；（5）D；（6）C；（7）A；（8）B；（9）D；（10）B；（11）A；（12）B；（13）B；（14）C；（15）A；（16）C；（17）C；（18）D；（19）A；（20）D；
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者小时候出于反叛心理，在院子里种花，结果最终喜欢了园艺，后来作者在这方面做出了成绩，成为一名真正的园艺师，使当初持反对意见的父母为之倍感自豪.
（1）考查名词。句意：我最初学习园艺并不是源于对大自然的喜爱，而是为了使父母生气。A. memory“记忆”；B. dream“梦想”；C. intention“企图”；D. design“设计”。根据下文可知，作者父母不喜欢打理花园，觉得是浪费时间，因此作者就选择园艺作为自己的爱好，与父母对着干,这也是选园艺的目的，故选C。
（2）考查动词。句意：我最初学习园艺并不是源于对大自然的喜爱，而是为了使父母生气。A. please“使高兴”；B. change“改变”；C. help“帮助”；D. annoy“使恼怒”。根据下文可知，作者父母不喜欢打理花园，觉得是浪费时间，因此作者就选择园艺作为自己的爱好，与父母对着干，因此选D。
（3）考查名词。句意：当时我们住的院子里有棵巨大的枫树，每次我母亲都用怀疑的眼神看着这大自然的杰作。A. doubt“怀疑”；B. appreciation“欣赏”；C. surprise“惊讶”；D. excitement“兴奋”。根据下文可知，作者父母亲把掉落的枫叶当作垃圾来处理，觉得是一个无尽的负担，因此可知，不喜欢植物，故选A。
（4）考查动词短语。句意：对她来说，这些金黄色的落叶就像是成吨的垃圾，“又有需要清理的东西了”，她自言自语道。A. collect up“收集”；B. care about“关心”；C. clean up“清理”；D. come in“进入”。根据上文可知，作者父母亲把掉落的枫叶当作垃圾来处理，故选C。
（5）考查形容词。句意：那个年龄，我总是做一些与父母相反的事情。A. equal“平等的”；B. similar“相似的”；C. superior“高级的”；D. opposite“相对的”。根据上文可知，作者学习园艺是为了激怒父母，可知作者当时处于叛逆期，故选D。
（6）考查形容词。句意：如果园艺对他们来说是件不舒服的事情，那么我就学习园艺。A. painful“痛苦的”；B. valuable“有价值的”；C. upsetting“沮丧的”；D. interesting“有趣的”。根据上文可知，作者总是与父母对着干，做相反的事情，故选C。
（7）考查动词短语。句意：最初我种了一些百合花种子，但是没有发芽。A. come up“破土而出”；B. break out“爆发”；C. hold on“坚持”；D. get through“通过”。根据本句but可知，种百合花的结果不佳，故选A。
（8）考查介词。句意：当玫瑰开出第一朵花的时候，我一阵狂喜。be wild with joy固定短语，“欣喜若狂”，故选B。
（9）考查副词。句意：最后，我被这片神奇的土地所感动。A. Luckily “幸运地”；B. Cheerfully“高兴地”；C. Regularly“规则地”；D. Eventually“最终”。根据上文可知，作者看见自己种的玫瑰发芽开花，然后又一朵一朵的凋谢，因而决定从事园艺，故选D。
（10）考查副词。句意：然而，我的父母却对此没有丝毫兴趣。A. Instead“替代”；B. However“然而”；C. Therefore“因此”；D. Besides“除此之外”。根据上文可知，作者被神奇的土地感动，因而决心从事园艺，父母却没有兴趣，形成鲜明的对比，故选B。
（11）考查动词。句意：我父亲甚至对我发怒，因为把花园搬到大道边很麻烦。A. shouted“大声叫喊”；B. laughed“ 嘲笑”；C. glanced“快速地看一眼”；D. jumped“跳”。根据上文可知，作者的父母对园艺根本不感兴趣，对于作者搬迁花园的举动有怨言，故选A。
（12）考查形容词。句意: 我父亲甚至对我发怒，因为把花园搬到大道边很麻烦。A. convenient“方便的”；B. troublesome“麻烦的”；C. enjoyable“令人愉快的”；D. dangerous“危险的”。根据上文可知，作者的父母对园艺根本不感兴趣，对于作者搬迁花园的举动觉得很麻烦，故选B。
（13）考查名词。句意：让我母亲不高兴的是，当我在她花瓶里种上真正的玫瑰时，在她看来，种的是种子而不是花。A. sadness“伤心”；B. displeasure“不高兴”；C. delight“高兴”；D. relief“缓解”。根据上文可知，作者父母都不喜欢园艺，因而对于作者的这一举动，母亲不高兴，故选B。
（14）考查固定短语。句意：让我母亲不高兴的是，当我在她花瓶里种上真正的玫瑰时，在她看来，种的是种子而不是花。A. other than“除……之外”；B. more than“超过”；C. rather than“而不是”；D. less than“少于”。作者父母都不喜欢园艺，因而对于作者的这一举动，母亲不高兴，故不认可作者的举动，故选C。
（15）考查名词。句意：尽管我父母不喜欢，但是我依然坚持园艺，继续欣赏园艺带给我的快乐。A. dislike“不喜欢”；B. encouragement“鼓励”；C. threat“威胁”；D. suggestion“建议”。根据上文可知，作者父母不喜欢园艺，故选A。
（16）考查动词。句意：尽管我父母不喜欢，但是我依然坚持园艺，继续欣赏园艺带给我的快乐。A. decided“决定”；B. stopped“停止”；C. continued“继续”；D. struggled“挣扎”。根据上文“keep on”可知，尽管父母不支持，但是仍然坚持下去，故选C。
（17）考查动词。句意：植物是如此好的伴侣，他们呼吸，开花，对关心和爱作出回应。A. devote“奉献”；B. turn“转向”；C. respond“回应”；D. lead“带领”。respond to固定短语，“对……作出回应”，故选C。
（18）考查动词。句意：出于挑战我父母而做的第一个花园已经过去很多年了。A. defeat“打败”；B. satisfy“使满意”；C. respect“尊敬”；D. challenge“挑战”。根据上文可知，作者当时处于青春叛逆期，因而想要挑战父母的权威，故选D。
（19）考查形容词。句意：如今我成为一名园艺专家，教人园艺，主持园艺节目，这让我父母感到很骄傲。A. proud“骄傲的”；B. comfortable“不舒服的”；C. strange“奇怪的”；D. disappointed“失望的”。作者成为园艺专家，事业有成，因此父母感到骄傲，故选A。
（20）考查名词。句意：我现在可以说是对大自然的爱让我成为一名真正的园艺工作者。A. freedom“自由”；B. life“生命”；C. growth“成长”；D. nature“自然”。根据文章开篇，可知作者喜欢大自然，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
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