外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册 Unit6 Nature in words 易混易错点辨析学案素材
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册 Unit6 Nature in words 易混易错点辨析学案素材 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-03-06 21:46:53 | ||
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【名师原创】：Unit6 易混易错点辨析
●join; join in; attend; take part in; participate in
【教材原句】
Priestley joined the army, and escaped death on a number of occasions. (教材P62)
【辨析】
都有“参加”的意思，但用法稍有不同。
join “加入”各种团体、党派、组织、人群等，成为其中的一员。
join in “参加”，尤其指与其他人一起参加某项工作或活动。
attend后常接“会议、典礼、聚会”等名词作宾语，强调亲临现场；还可以用于正式的听课或上学等。
take part in指参加某项活动，重在说明参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用，当part前有形容词时，须用不定冠词。
participate in “参加，参与”，正式用语。
温馨提示：join in用法相当于take part in或participate in, 三者一般可以换用。指参与游戏时一般用join in
【例句呈现】
The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders.
90%的股东出席了会议。
Our children attend the same school.
我们的孩子上同一所学校。
Thousands of people attended the funeral.
数千人参加了葬礼。
I've joined an aerobics class.
我参加了有氧健身班。
She joined the Communist Party three months ago.
她三个月前加入共产党。
His wife and children moved to join him in their new home...
他的妻子和孩子们搬进了他们的新家，和他一起生活。
He joined the Army five years ago.
他5年前参军了。
May I join in the discussion
我可以参加讨论吗
I hope that everyone will be able to join in the fun
我希望每个人都能够加入进来，玩得开心。
It's no use egging him on; he's made up his mind not to take part in the tournament.
他已拿定主意不参加比赛了，你再将他也没有用。
More and more people are beginning to participate in the activity.
越来越多的人开始参加这项活动。
The researchers asked 25 university students to take an active part in their sleep experiment.
研究人员让25名大学生积极参加他们的睡眠实验。
【考点过关】
根据attend; join; join in; take part in; participate in 用法用其适当形式填空
1. They ______ college together at the University of Pennsylvania last year.
2. We all _______ his wedding yesterday.
3. Now and again he'd ______ when we were playing video games.
4. They _______ the sport that interests them most.
5. He also writes articles, hoping that more people will _____ protecting natural ecosystems.
6. Ally has learned how to work with Clara and to get her to _______ the lessons.
7. A teen might ______ a volunteer project because his or her friends are doing it, or get good grades because his or her friends think getting good grades is important.
8. They all _______ the Trade Union last year.
【参考答案】
1. attended ; 2. attended; 3. join in ; 4. join in/take part in/participate in; 5. join in/take part in/participate in; 6. join in/take part in/participate in; 7. join in/take part in/participate in; 8. joined
●work as; act as; serve as
【教材原句】
After the war, he gained a degree from Cambridge University, and then moved to London, where he worked as a freelance writer. (教材P62)
【辨析】
三者都有“充当，担任”的意思，多数情况下可以换用，但有些微的区别。
work as 意思是“充当，是….身份；做…..工作”，后一般接人，跟表示职业的名词居多。
act as 意思是“充当，担任，扮演，起作用”，后接人或物，一般可以与serve as和work as 换用，但act as作“扮演”时，一般不可换用。
serve as意思是“充当，担任，起作用”，后接人或物。
【例句呈现】
You are going to act as our sole agent in Brazil.
你将要担任我方在巴西的总代理。
This kind of system can act as part of the operating system.
这种系统能充当操作系统的一部分。
Dust bags act as a filter and suction will be reduced if they are too full
集尘袋起着过滤的作用，所集的灰尘太多时其吸附作用就会减小。
I asked my boss to act as a go-between.
我请我的老板当中间人。
Alcoholic drinks act as a poison to a child.
酒精饮料对小孩犹如毒药。
He volunteered to serve as the manager of our department store.
他自荐当我们商场的经理。
America cannot indefinitely serve as the breadbasket for the world
美国不可能无限期地作为世界的粮仓。
A group of piers on a commercial waterfront that serve as a general landing area for ships or boats.
作船只靠岸用的商业港口上的一组码头.
Trees give off large quantities of water and serve as cooling agents.
树木释放出大量的水分，可以起到降温的作用。
she was elected to serve as secretary of the local party.
她当选为地方党组织的书记。
After that, he moved to Seattle to work as an engineer with Boeing
之后他到西雅图为波音公司担任工程师
The Chinese account for 461 and work mostly as translators or general service providers.
其中中国人有461个，主要担任翻译或者提供一般性服务。
When she grows up, Millie would like to attend Penn State and then work as a detective in law enforcement.
米莉长大后想要进入宾州大学，随后在执法部门担任侦探。
I work as a programmer in the software company.
我在那间软件公司担任程式员。
【考点过关】
根据act as, serve as, work as.的用法填空
1. I was hired by the Personnel Section and told to ______ a secretary.
2. Now, small towns in South India ______ economic and cultural centers for the surrounding villages.
3. In my summer holidays, I used to _______ a part-time interpreter in several foreign companies.
4. But the 24-year-old Harry Potter star was attending a very different type of photo call as she continued to ______ a UN Goodwill Ambassador.
5. I agree to _______ chairman of the meeting.
6. Let these words of mine ________ a warning to you.
7. Every Christmas I used to _______ a temporary postman in my village, helping to deliver the seasonal avalanche of parcels and greeting cards.
8. The table used to ______ a hotel desk.
9. My mom can ________ a guard.
10. Tom will _______ the chief actor in the film.
11. The large box can _______ serve as a desk too.
12. I’ll ______ assistant editor on a trade journal in the food field, where my tasks included a great deal of interviewing and personal contact with members of the industry.
13. A trained dog can _______ a guide to a blind person.
14. But a typewriter was too limited to _______ a model.
15. I'll ________ interpreter.
【参考答案】
1. work as/act as/serve as; 2. act as/serve as; 3. work as/act as/serve as; 4. work as/act as/serve as; 5. work as/act as/serve as; 6. serve as/act as; 7. work as/act as/serve as; 8. act as/serve as; 9. work as/act as/serve as; 10. act as; 12. work as/serve as/act as; 13. act as/work as/serve as; 14. serve as/act as; 15. work as/act as/serve as
●disturb；interrupt
【教材原句】
There was indeed something curiously disturbing about the whole prospect. (教材P63)
The glare has gone and no touch of the disturbing remains. (教材P63)
Many people spoke of them, puzzled and disturbed. (教材P68)
【辨析】
两者都有“打扰”的意思，偶尔可互换，但是在意义上有很大区别。
disturb意思是“打扰；干扰；妨碍;搅乱；弄乱；搞乱;使焦虑；使不安；使烦恼;扰乱治安”，侧重指别人在专心做某件事情，或者是在休息的时候，去打扰了对方,引起对方反感，从而使人产生精神层面的烦恼或焦虑。
interrupt 意思是“插嘴；打扰；打岔；使暂停；使中断；阻断，遮挡；打断(某人)”，强调客观上打断或打断别人的交谈，或者是正在进行的事情。
【例句呈现】
Too many examples can interrupt the smooth flow of the text.
例子太多会使行文不流畅。
I can't stand people interrupting all the time.
我不能容忍老有人打岔。
Would you mind not interrupting all the time
请你别老是插嘴好吗？
The game was interrupted several times by rain.
比赛因下雨中断了几次。
Sorry to interrupt, but there's someone to see you.
对不起打扰一下，有人要见你。
We interrupt this program to bring you an important news bulletin.
我们暂停本节目，插播重要新闻。
You've interrupted my flow ─ I can't remember what I was saying.
你打断了我的话——我记不得我在说什么了。
If you get up early, try not to disturb everyone else.
如果你起得早，尽量不要打扰别人。
He knew an intimate little bar where they would not be disturbed.
他知道一处适合幽会的小酒吧，他们在那里不会受到打扰。
His wife's death disturbed the balance of his mind.
妻子的离世使他心神不宁。
She was in a disturbed state of mind.
她的脑子里一片混乱。
It disturbed her to realize that she was alone.
她意识到自己孤单一人，心里感到很不安。
Tourists often disturb the delicate balance of nature on the island.
观光客常常破坏岛上微妙的自然生态平衡。
I didn't like to disturb you.
我本不愿打搅你。
【考点训练】
用interrupt和disturb的适当形式填空
1. When we were talking, he often _______ the conversation.
2. Don’t _______ her because she is very busy.
3. His speech was constantly _______ by applause.
4. I'll see my patient now and we expect not to ________.
5. I was just going to tell you when you _______.
6. It is not polite ________ when someone is talking.
7. Please continue ─ I didn't mean _______.
8. Don’t ________ me while I am writing.
9. The phone ringing ________ my train of thought.
10. My sister always _______ me when I study.
11. Forgive my ________ but I really don't agree with that.
12. Please do not ________ us when we are working.
13. He jacked in the earphone so that he would not _______ others.
14. The manager will be angry if you ______ him when he's in conference.
15. It will ________ your normal mind.
【参考答案】
1. interrupted; 2. disturb; 3. interrupted; 4. be disturbed; 5. interrupted; 6. to interrupt; 7. to interrupt; 8. interrupt/disturb; 9. Interrupted; 10. disturbs; 11. interrupting; 12. interrupt/disturb; 13. disturb; 14. disturb; 15. disturb
●seem; appear
【教材原句】
At any moment, it seemed, a body of horsemen might be seen breaking out from the black trees, so many weapons might be heard and some distant spot of snow be reddened. (教材P63)
A soft, pleasant light appears to hang over the whole earth; the influence of the season seems to extend itself even to a passing wagon, whose slow motion across the well-reaped field is seen by the eye, but makes no loud noises upon the ear. (教材P66)
【辨析】
两者都有“看起来（好像、似乎…）”的意思，一般可以换用，但在个别殊结构用上的用法上有一定的区别。
seem 侧重指根据某种迹象作出的推断,也不一定是事实，常用于以下机构中：
① seem + n/adj. 似乎/好像….
② seem to be/to do sth. 好像是/做某事
③ it seems that从句 好像….
④ seem like…..看起来像….
⑤ it seems as if/though…..看起来好像…….
⑥ there seem to be….好像有…..
温馨提示：
①在seem like…. 和 it seems as if/though…..结构中，一般不能换成appear
②appear 表示“出现”时，不可与seem 换用
appear强调自身表现出, 流露出；appear 指外表给人的印象,可能是真象也可能是假象，不确定性更大一些，常用于以下结构或词组中：
① appear + n/adj. 似乎/好像…..
② appear to be/to do sth. 好像是/做某事
③ it appears that从句 好像….
④ what appears to be…看起来像….的东西
⑤ there appears to be…. 似乎/好像有……
⑥ appear out of nowhere 突然冒出来
⑦ appear overnight 一夜之间出现（反义：disappear overnight）
【例句呈现】
One day a stranger appeared on my doorstep.
一天，一个陌生人出现在我家门前。
She tried hard to appear/seem (to be) calm at the interview.
面试时她努力让自己显得镇静。
There’s evidence that people who have a purpose in life appear/seem to do better.
有证据显示有生活目标的人似乎表现得更加出色。
It seemed like a good idea.
这主意好像不错。
The theory without practice seems/appears to be the cars without motors.
没有实践的理论就像没有引擎的汽车。
It seems as if they didn’t care about Henry’s feelings at all.
他们似乎毫不在乎亨利的感受。
It seemed/appeared that he was lying.
他似乎在撒谎。
Everyone in the picture seems/appears to have put on some weight, don’t they
照片中每个人好像胖了，是不是？
He doesn’t seem/appear to be happy.
他看起来不高兴。
She seemed/appeared to have caught a cold.
她好像感冒了。
【考点过关】
用appear, seem的适当形式填空
1. He _______ to have traveled a lot.
2. He ________ to be very tired now.
3. He ________ to be a gentleman – he was wearing a suit, not like a thief at all.
4. It _______ as if he didn’t love her at all at that time.
5. It _________ to me that working experience is more important than a degree.
6. It ________ that he had a taste for music.
7. There ________ to be some disagreement between his words and actions at present.
8. It _______ like rain now.
【参考答案】
1. seems/appears; 2. seems/appears; 3. appeared/seemed; 4. seemed; 5. seems/
appears; 6. appeared/seemed; 7. seems/appears; 8. seems
●remain; stay
【教材原句】
The glare has gone and no touch of the disturbing remains. (教材P63)
Her book not only change the world; half a century later it remains a book that deserves to be reread today, so that we can once again feel ourselves warm to the fire of its passionate message. (教材P69)
【辨析】
两者都有“（系动词）保持，仍然是；停留”的意思，这时两者可以换用，但其它意义和用法有区别。
remain 意思是“保持，仍然是；遗留，剩下；停留，逗留；留待，尚待”，常构成以下结构：
①remain + adj. = stay + adj. 保持….
②remain + n = stay + n 仍然是…..
③remain + prep. + 地点 = stay + prep. + 地点 待在某地，但是，可以说stay (at) home，不能说remain at home, 只能用remain home，去掉at, 两词组可换用。
④sth. remain to be done 某事尚待做
⑤it remain to be seen + wh-从句 …..有待观察/看/尚待定论
⑥there remains ….尚有…..
remain 可以做名词，意思是“遗迹，残留物”
stay 意思是“保持，仍然是；停留，逗留；留宿，暂住”，常构成以下结构：
①stay for dinner 留下来吃饭
②stay at home 待在家里
③stay at/in a hotel 住旅馆
④stay the night = stay overnight = stay over 过夜
⑤stay away 走开，不打扰
⑥stay in = stay (at) home待在家里，不外出
⑦stay on 留下来继续（工作，学习）
⑧stay out 待在户外，不回家
⑨stay out of…. 避开，远离，不介入
⑩stay up 熬夜
stay 也可以作名词，表示“停留，暂住”等。
【例句呈现】
Most of the house remains intact even after two hundred years.
虽然过了两百年，这房子的大部分还保持完好。
The temperature remained constant while pressure was a variable in the experiment.
做这实验时温度保持不变，但压力可变。
It remains to be seen whether his project will fly.
他的计划能否成功尚需拭目以待。
The disease often remains undetected for many years.
这种疾病经常潜伏多年而不被察觉。
There remains the problem of finance.
财政问题仍然存在。
It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice.
这一想法能否付诸实践还有待于观察。
We went on to Paris and stayed/remained there eleven days.
我们接着去了巴黎，在那里停留了十一天。
We stayed/remained in a village where time has stood still.
我们待在一个时间似乎凝滞了的村子里。
She stayed at home, afraid to show her face.
她待在家里，不敢露面。
We stayed up all night, setting the world to rights.
我们一夜没睡，谈论着如何拯救世界。
I want you to stay away from my daughter.
我要你离我女儿远远的。
His parents won't allow him to stay out late.
他的父母不会允许他在外待得很晚。
【考点过关】
用remain, stay的适当形式填空
1. She _______ home while the children were young.
2. I went to Ningxia and _______ there for one year.
3. We promised ________ friends for ever.
4. We must ________ competitive in the competitive society.
5. I ________ on the job for five months when they left.
6. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _______ away.
7. You should leave those naughty boys _______ out of trouble.
8. Last month, Tom wrote two articles during his short _______ in hospital.
9. So far many of his songs _______ popular.
10. We were told ________ in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts fastened.
11. I never see what has been done; I only see what_______ to be done.
12. It ________ to be seen whether you are right.
13. There ________ one significant problem now.
14. Please _______ calm when you meet with some difficulties.
15. You should ________ quiet when someone is making a speech.
【参考答案】
1. stayed/remained; 2. stayed/remained; 3. to stay/remain; 4. stay/remain; 5. Stayed; 6. to stay; 7. to stay; 8. stay; 9. have remained/stayed; 10. to remain/stay; 11. remains; 12. remains; 13. remains; 14. remain/stay; 15. stay/remain
●confuse; puzzle
【教材原句】
What author wrote made me feel confused. (教材P67)
【辨析】
两者都有“困惑”的意思，此时可以换用，但其它方面有一定的区别。
confuse 表示“因为把两个或多个事物或问题混淆而使头脑糊涂混乱”, 强调混淆不清，往往暂时的情况, 造成没法清楚地思维或理智地行动。一般作及物动词, 后接名词或代词作宾语; 也可与介词with连用, 表示“把…与…弄混”。
puzzle表示“行为情况、问题或某种现象错宗复杂,使人感到困惑伤脑筋”，因而不知道该怎么解决。一般作及物动词，也可以作名词，表示“难题，字谜，疑虑，谜团”等。
【例句呈现】
Don't confuse liberty with license.
不要把自由与放纵混为一谈。
They asked me so many questions that they confused me.
他们问了我那么多的问题都把我搞迷糊了.
I often confuse you and your brother.
我常把你和你哥哥弄错了。
People are apt to confuse the two issues.
人们容易把这两个问题混淆起来。
If we confuse these three levels, we will not think clearly.
如果我们混淆了这三个等级，我们便不会清晰地思考。
My words surprised and confused/puzzled him.
我的话使他惊讶且迷惑。
What you said just now confused/puzzled me.
你刚才说的话使我很困惑。
The find left archaeologists with a puzzle.
这个发现给考古学家留下了一个谜团。
Will you help me to solve this puzzle
你能帮助我解决这个难题吗
He sat frowning over a crossword puzzle.
他坐着皱着眉头在思考纵横字谜。
She could not get the puzzle out of her mind.
她无法解开心中的疑虑。
His question puzzled me.
他的问题使我迷惑不解。
What he did puzzled me greatly.
他的作为使我深感迷惑不解。
【考点过关】
根据confuse, puzzle用法用其适当形式填空
1. I always confuse my left with my right.
2. Her decision was a _______ to him.
3. Don't confuse Austria with Australia.
4. I have in mind some doubts which really ________ me.
5. I've never been able to _______ her out.
6. Many business executives confuse leadership _______ action.
7. The risks can be so complex that banks hire mathematicians to _______ them out.
8. Do not confuse ever the tangential acceleration, which is along the circumference, ________ centripetal acceleration.
9. He is in a ________ about the matter.
10. She was completely _______ (confuse) by these two questions.
【参考答案】
1. with; 2. puzzle; 3. with; 4. puzzle; 5. puzzle; 6. with; 7. puzzle; 8. with; 9. puzzle; 10. confused.
●message; information
【教材原句】
Carson’s message was very alarming, causing a great increase in environmental awareness. (教材P69)
Her book not only change the world; half a century later it remains a book that deserves to be reread today, so that we can once again feel ourselves warm to the fire of its passionate message. (教材P69)
【辨析】
两者都有“信息”的意思，但又有一定的区别。
message意思是“（书面或口头的）信息、留言，消息、电邮（或手机）信息、（书籍、演讲的）要点”， 为可数名词，也可以做及物动词，表示 “向（某人）传送（电子信息）”的意思。
information意思是“信息、消息、情报、资料、资讯，通知”， 是不可数名词，没有复数形式，前面不能直接加不定冠词“an”；“一条信息”的表达为：a piece of information/an item of information/an article of information或者some information。“许多信息”是many pieces of information，还有：a source of information消息来源；
collect/gather/obtain/receive information 收集/搜集/获取/接收信息；provide/give/pass on information 提供 / 给予 / 传递信息.
也可作“知识”解, 其后常接介词on/about/concerning等。
【例句呈现】
Further information is available from the local tourist office.
进一步详情可向当地的旅游办事处查询。
The conference is a good place to share information and exchange ideas.
研讨会是互通信息、交流思想的好场所。
The information is processed in a random order.
信息是按随机顺序处理的。
They questioned the accuracy of the information in the file.
他们怀疑档案中信息的正确性。
It's a lot of information to absorb all at once.
要一下子消化这么多资料，真是很难。
The message is coming through loud and clear.
消息传达得清楚明白。
A message is just coming through.
刚有消息传来。
Would it be possible for me to leave a message for her
我可以给她留个话儿吗？
What sort of message is that sending to young people
这给年轻人传达的是什么样的信息呢？
People who message someone a lot feel unpopular if they don't get many back.
如果人们发出大量短信但收到的回复却不多，就会觉得自己不受欢迎。
【考点过关】
根据information和message的用法填空
1. Pat refused to give her any ________ about Sarah.
2. I got a _______ you were trying to reach me.
3. He refused to comment before all the relevant ________ was seen.
4. There were no ________ for me at the hotel.
5. So far further ________ has not been provided.
6. We've had an urgent ________ saying that your father's ill.
7. Several people came forward with much _________.
8. There were four ________ in my inbox.
9. In order to get a complete picture, further _______ is needed.
10. Last night Jack _______ me to tell that he had caught a bad cold.
【参考答案】
1. information; 2. message; 3. information; 4. messages; 5. information; 6. message; 7. information; 8. messages; 9. information; 10. messaged
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●join; join in; attend; take part in; participate in
【教材原句】
Priestley joined the army, and escaped death on a number of occasions. (教材P62)
【辨析】
都有“参加”的意思，但用法稍有不同。
join “加入”各种团体、党派、组织、人群等，成为其中的一员。
join in “参加”，尤其指与其他人一起参加某项工作或活动。
attend后常接“会议、典礼、聚会”等名词作宾语，强调亲临现场；还可以用于正式的听课或上学等。
take part in指参加某项活动，重在说明参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用，当part前有形容词时，须用不定冠词。
participate in “参加，参与”，正式用语。
温馨提示：join in用法相当于take part in或participate in, 三者一般可以换用。指参与游戏时一般用join in
【例句呈现】
The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders.
90%的股东出席了会议。
Our children attend the same school.
我们的孩子上同一所学校。
Thousands of people attended the funeral.
数千人参加了葬礼。
I've joined an aerobics class.
我参加了有氧健身班。
She joined the Communist Party three months ago.
她三个月前加入共产党。
His wife and children moved to join him in their new home...
他的妻子和孩子们搬进了他们的新家，和他一起生活。
He joined the Army five years ago.
他5年前参军了。
May I join in the discussion
我可以参加讨论吗
I hope that everyone will be able to join in the fun
我希望每个人都能够加入进来，玩得开心。
It's no use egging him on; he's made up his mind not to take part in the tournament.
他已拿定主意不参加比赛了，你再将他也没有用。
More and more people are beginning to participate in the activity.
越来越多的人开始参加这项活动。
The researchers asked 25 university students to take an active part in their sleep experiment.
研究人员让25名大学生积极参加他们的睡眠实验。
【考点过关】
根据attend; join; join in; take part in; participate in 用法用其适当形式填空
1. They ______ college together at the University of Pennsylvania last year.
2. We all _______ his wedding yesterday.
3. Now and again he'd ______ when we were playing video games.
4. They _______ the sport that interests them most.
5. He also writes articles, hoping that more people will _____ protecting natural ecosystems.
6. Ally has learned how to work with Clara and to get her to _______ the lessons.
7. A teen might ______ a volunteer project because his or her friends are doing it, or get good grades because his or her friends think getting good grades is important.
8. They all _______ the Trade Union last year.
【参考答案】
1. attended ; 2. attended; 3. join in ; 4. join in/take part in/participate in; 5. join in/take part in/participate in; 6. join in/take part in/participate in; 7. join in/take part in/participate in; 8. joined
●work as; act as; serve as
【教材原句】
After the war, he gained a degree from Cambridge University, and then moved to London, where he worked as a freelance writer. (教材P62)
【辨析】
三者都有“充当，担任”的意思，多数情况下可以换用，但有些微的区别。
work as 意思是“充当，是….身份；做…..工作”，后一般接人，跟表示职业的名词居多。
act as 意思是“充当，担任，扮演，起作用”，后接人或物，一般可以与serve as和work as 换用，但act as作“扮演”时，一般不可换用。
serve as意思是“充当，担任，起作用”，后接人或物。
【例句呈现】
You are going to act as our sole agent in Brazil.
你将要担任我方在巴西的总代理。
This kind of system can act as part of the operating system.
这种系统能充当操作系统的一部分。
Dust bags act as a filter and suction will be reduced if they are too full
集尘袋起着过滤的作用，所集的灰尘太多时其吸附作用就会减小。
I asked my boss to act as a go-between.
我请我的老板当中间人。
Alcoholic drinks act as a poison to a child.
酒精饮料对小孩犹如毒药。
He volunteered to serve as the manager of our department store.
他自荐当我们商场的经理。
America cannot indefinitely serve as the breadbasket for the world
美国不可能无限期地作为世界的粮仓。
A group of piers on a commercial waterfront that serve as a general landing area for ships or boats.
作船只靠岸用的商业港口上的一组码头.
Trees give off large quantities of water and serve as cooling agents.
树木释放出大量的水分，可以起到降温的作用。
she was elected to serve as secretary of the local party.
她当选为地方党组织的书记。
After that, he moved to Seattle to work as an engineer with Boeing
之后他到西雅图为波音公司担任工程师
The Chinese account for 461 and work mostly as translators or general service providers.
其中中国人有461个，主要担任翻译或者提供一般性服务。
When she grows up, Millie would like to attend Penn State and then work as a detective in law enforcement.
米莉长大后想要进入宾州大学，随后在执法部门担任侦探。
I work as a programmer in the software company.
我在那间软件公司担任程式员。
【考点过关】
根据act as, serve as, work as.的用法填空
1. I was hired by the Personnel Section and told to ______ a secretary.
2. Now, small towns in South India ______ economic and cultural centers for the surrounding villages.
3. In my summer holidays, I used to _______ a part-time interpreter in several foreign companies.
4. But the 24-year-old Harry Potter star was attending a very different type of photo call as she continued to ______ a UN Goodwill Ambassador.
5. I agree to _______ chairman of the meeting.
6. Let these words of mine ________ a warning to you.
7. Every Christmas I used to _______ a temporary postman in my village, helping to deliver the seasonal avalanche of parcels and greeting cards.
8. The table used to ______ a hotel desk.
9. My mom can ________ a guard.
10. Tom will _______ the chief actor in the film.
11. The large box can _______ serve as a desk too.
12. I’ll ______ assistant editor on a trade journal in the food field, where my tasks included a great deal of interviewing and personal contact with members of the industry.
13. A trained dog can _______ a guide to a blind person.
14. But a typewriter was too limited to _______ a model.
15. I'll ________ interpreter.
【参考答案】
1. work as/act as/serve as; 2. act as/serve as; 3. work as/act as/serve as; 4. work as/act as/serve as; 5. work as/act as/serve as; 6. serve as/act as; 7. work as/act as/serve as; 8. act as/serve as; 9. work as/act as/serve as; 10. act as; 12. work as/serve as/act as; 13. act as/work as/serve as; 14. serve as/act as; 15. work as/act as/serve as
●disturb；interrupt
【教材原句】
There was indeed something curiously disturbing about the whole prospect. (教材P63)
The glare has gone and no touch of the disturbing remains. (教材P63)
Many people spoke of them, puzzled and disturbed. (教材P68)
【辨析】
两者都有“打扰”的意思，偶尔可互换，但是在意义上有很大区别。
disturb意思是“打扰；干扰；妨碍;搅乱；弄乱；搞乱;使焦虑；使不安；使烦恼;扰乱治安”，侧重指别人在专心做某件事情，或者是在休息的时候，去打扰了对方,引起对方反感，从而使人产生精神层面的烦恼或焦虑。
interrupt 意思是“插嘴；打扰；打岔；使暂停；使中断；阻断，遮挡；打断(某人)”，强调客观上打断或打断别人的交谈，或者是正在进行的事情。
【例句呈现】
Too many examples can interrupt the smooth flow of the text.
例子太多会使行文不流畅。
I can't stand people interrupting all the time.
我不能容忍老有人打岔。
Would you mind not interrupting all the time
请你别老是插嘴好吗？
The game was interrupted several times by rain.
比赛因下雨中断了几次。
Sorry to interrupt, but there's someone to see you.
对不起打扰一下，有人要见你。
We interrupt this program to bring you an important news bulletin.
我们暂停本节目，插播重要新闻。
You've interrupted my flow ─ I can't remember what I was saying.
你打断了我的话——我记不得我在说什么了。
If you get up early, try not to disturb everyone else.
如果你起得早，尽量不要打扰别人。
He knew an intimate little bar where they would not be disturbed.
他知道一处适合幽会的小酒吧，他们在那里不会受到打扰。
His wife's death disturbed the balance of his mind.
妻子的离世使他心神不宁。
She was in a disturbed state of mind.
她的脑子里一片混乱。
It disturbed her to realize that she was alone.
她意识到自己孤单一人，心里感到很不安。
Tourists often disturb the delicate balance of nature on the island.
观光客常常破坏岛上微妙的自然生态平衡。
I didn't like to disturb you.
我本不愿打搅你。
【考点训练】
用interrupt和disturb的适当形式填空
1. When we were talking, he often _______ the conversation.
2. Don’t _______ her because she is very busy.
3. His speech was constantly _______ by applause.
4. I'll see my patient now and we expect not to ________.
5. I was just going to tell you when you _______.
6. It is not polite ________ when someone is talking.
7. Please continue ─ I didn't mean _______.
8. Don’t ________ me while I am writing.
9. The phone ringing ________ my train of thought.
10. My sister always _______ me when I study.
11. Forgive my ________ but I really don't agree with that.
12. Please do not ________ us when we are working.
13. He jacked in the earphone so that he would not _______ others.
14. The manager will be angry if you ______ him when he's in conference.
15. It will ________ your normal mind.
【参考答案】
1. interrupted; 2. disturb; 3. interrupted; 4. be disturbed; 5. interrupted; 6. to interrupt; 7. to interrupt; 8. interrupt/disturb; 9. Interrupted; 10. disturbs; 11. interrupting; 12. interrupt/disturb; 13. disturb; 14. disturb; 15. disturb
●seem; appear
【教材原句】
At any moment, it seemed, a body of horsemen might be seen breaking out from the black trees, so many weapons might be heard and some distant spot of snow be reddened. (教材P63)
A soft, pleasant light appears to hang over the whole earth; the influence of the season seems to extend itself even to a passing wagon, whose slow motion across the well-reaped field is seen by the eye, but makes no loud noises upon the ear. (教材P66)
【辨析】
两者都有“看起来（好像、似乎…）”的意思，一般可以换用，但在个别殊结构用上的用法上有一定的区别。
seem 侧重指根据某种迹象作出的推断,也不一定是事实，常用于以下机构中：
① seem + n/adj. 似乎/好像….
② seem to be/to do sth. 好像是/做某事
③ it seems that从句 好像….
④ seem like…..看起来像….
⑤ it seems as if/though…..看起来好像…….
⑥ there seem to be….好像有…..
温馨提示：
①在seem like…. 和 it seems as if/though…..结构中，一般不能换成appear
②appear 表示“出现”时，不可与seem 换用
appear强调自身表现出, 流露出；appear 指外表给人的印象,可能是真象也可能是假象，不确定性更大一些，常用于以下结构或词组中：
① appear + n/adj. 似乎/好像…..
② appear to be/to do sth. 好像是/做某事
③ it appears that从句 好像….
④ what appears to be…看起来像….的东西
⑤ there appears to be…. 似乎/好像有……
⑥ appear out of nowhere 突然冒出来
⑦ appear overnight 一夜之间出现（反义：disappear overnight）
【例句呈现】
One day a stranger appeared on my doorstep.
一天，一个陌生人出现在我家门前。
She tried hard to appear/seem (to be) calm at the interview.
面试时她努力让自己显得镇静。
There’s evidence that people who have a purpose in life appear/seem to do better.
有证据显示有生活目标的人似乎表现得更加出色。
It seemed like a good idea.
这主意好像不错。
The theory without practice seems/appears to be the cars without motors.
没有实践的理论就像没有引擎的汽车。
It seems as if they didn’t care about Henry’s feelings at all.
他们似乎毫不在乎亨利的感受。
It seemed/appeared that he was lying.
他似乎在撒谎。
Everyone in the picture seems/appears to have put on some weight, don’t they
照片中每个人好像胖了，是不是？
He doesn’t seem/appear to be happy.
他看起来不高兴。
She seemed/appeared to have caught a cold.
她好像感冒了。
【考点过关】
用appear, seem的适当形式填空
1. He _______ to have traveled a lot.
2. He ________ to be very tired now.
3. He ________ to be a gentleman – he was wearing a suit, not like a thief at all.
4. It _______ as if he didn’t love her at all at that time.
5. It _________ to me that working experience is more important than a degree.
6. It ________ that he had a taste for music.
7. There ________ to be some disagreement between his words and actions at present.
8. It _______ like rain now.
【参考答案】
1. seems/appears; 2. seems/appears; 3. appeared/seemed; 4. seemed; 5. seems/
appears; 6. appeared/seemed; 7. seems/appears; 8. seems
●remain; stay
【教材原句】
The glare has gone and no touch of the disturbing remains. (教材P63)
Her book not only change the world; half a century later it remains a book that deserves to be reread today, so that we can once again feel ourselves warm to the fire of its passionate message. (教材P69)
【辨析】
两者都有“（系动词）保持，仍然是；停留”的意思，这时两者可以换用，但其它意义和用法有区别。
remain 意思是“保持，仍然是；遗留，剩下；停留，逗留；留待，尚待”，常构成以下结构：
①remain + adj. = stay + adj. 保持….
②remain + n = stay + n 仍然是…..
③remain + prep. + 地点 = stay + prep. + 地点 待在某地，但是，可以说stay (at) home，不能说remain at home, 只能用remain home，去掉at, 两词组可换用。
④sth. remain to be done 某事尚待做
⑤it remain to be seen + wh-从句 …..有待观察/看/尚待定论
⑥there remains ….尚有…..
remain 可以做名词，意思是“遗迹，残留物”
stay 意思是“保持，仍然是；停留，逗留；留宿，暂住”，常构成以下结构：
①stay for dinner 留下来吃饭
②stay at home 待在家里
③stay at/in a hotel 住旅馆
④stay the night = stay overnight = stay over 过夜
⑤stay away 走开，不打扰
⑥stay in = stay (at) home待在家里，不外出
⑦stay on 留下来继续（工作，学习）
⑧stay out 待在户外，不回家
⑨stay out of…. 避开，远离，不介入
⑩stay up 熬夜
stay 也可以作名词，表示“停留，暂住”等。
【例句呈现】
Most of the house remains intact even after two hundred years.
虽然过了两百年，这房子的大部分还保持完好。
The temperature remained constant while pressure was a variable in the experiment.
做这实验时温度保持不变，但压力可变。
It remains to be seen whether his project will fly.
他的计划能否成功尚需拭目以待。
The disease often remains undetected for many years.
这种疾病经常潜伏多年而不被察觉。
There remains the problem of finance.
财政问题仍然存在。
It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice.
这一想法能否付诸实践还有待于观察。
We went on to Paris and stayed/remained there eleven days.
我们接着去了巴黎，在那里停留了十一天。
We stayed/remained in a village where time has stood still.
我们待在一个时间似乎凝滞了的村子里。
She stayed at home, afraid to show her face.
她待在家里，不敢露面。
We stayed up all night, setting the world to rights.
我们一夜没睡，谈论着如何拯救世界。
I want you to stay away from my daughter.
我要你离我女儿远远的。
His parents won't allow him to stay out late.
他的父母不会允许他在外待得很晚。
【考点过关】
用remain, stay的适当形式填空
1. She _______ home while the children were young.
2. I went to Ningxia and _______ there for one year.
3. We promised ________ friends for ever.
4. We must ________ competitive in the competitive society.
5. I ________ on the job for five months when they left.
6. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _______ away.
7. You should leave those naughty boys _______ out of trouble.
8. Last month, Tom wrote two articles during his short _______ in hospital.
9. So far many of his songs _______ popular.
10. We were told ________ in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts fastened.
11. I never see what has been done; I only see what_______ to be done.
12. It ________ to be seen whether you are right.
13. There ________ one significant problem now.
14. Please _______ calm when you meet with some difficulties.
15. You should ________ quiet when someone is making a speech.
【参考答案】
1. stayed/remained; 2. stayed/remained; 3. to stay/remain; 4. stay/remain; 5. Stayed; 6. to stay; 7. to stay; 8. stay; 9. have remained/stayed; 10. to remain/stay; 11. remains; 12. remains; 13. remains; 14. remain/stay; 15. stay/remain
●confuse; puzzle
【教材原句】
What author wrote made me feel confused. (教材P67)
【辨析】
两者都有“困惑”的意思，此时可以换用，但其它方面有一定的区别。
confuse 表示“因为把两个或多个事物或问题混淆而使头脑糊涂混乱”, 强调混淆不清，往往暂时的情况, 造成没法清楚地思维或理智地行动。一般作及物动词, 后接名词或代词作宾语; 也可与介词with连用, 表示“把…与…弄混”。
puzzle表示“行为情况、问题或某种现象错宗复杂,使人感到困惑伤脑筋”，因而不知道该怎么解决。一般作及物动词，也可以作名词，表示“难题，字谜，疑虑，谜团”等。
【例句呈现】
Don't confuse liberty with license.
不要把自由与放纵混为一谈。
They asked me so many questions that they confused me.
他们问了我那么多的问题都把我搞迷糊了.
I often confuse you and your brother.
我常把你和你哥哥弄错了。
People are apt to confuse the two issues.
人们容易把这两个问题混淆起来。
If we confuse these three levels, we will not think clearly.
如果我们混淆了这三个等级，我们便不会清晰地思考。
My words surprised and confused/puzzled him.
我的话使他惊讶且迷惑。
What you said just now confused/puzzled me.
你刚才说的话使我很困惑。
The find left archaeologists with a puzzle.
这个发现给考古学家留下了一个谜团。
Will you help me to solve this puzzle
你能帮助我解决这个难题吗
He sat frowning over a crossword puzzle.
他坐着皱着眉头在思考纵横字谜。
She could not get the puzzle out of her mind.
她无法解开心中的疑虑。
His question puzzled me.
他的问题使我迷惑不解。
What he did puzzled me greatly.
他的作为使我深感迷惑不解。
【考点过关】
根据confuse, puzzle用法用其适当形式填空
1. I always confuse my left with my right.
2. Her decision was a _______ to him.
3. Don't confuse Austria with Australia.
4. I have in mind some doubts which really ________ me.
5. I've never been able to _______ her out.
6. Many business executives confuse leadership _______ action.
7. The risks can be so complex that banks hire mathematicians to _______ them out.
8. Do not confuse ever the tangential acceleration, which is along the circumference, ________ centripetal acceleration.
9. He is in a ________ about the matter.
10. She was completely _______ (confuse) by these two questions.
【参考答案】
1. with; 2. puzzle; 3. with; 4. puzzle; 5. puzzle; 6. with; 7. puzzle; 8. with; 9. puzzle; 10. confused.
●message; information
【教材原句】
Carson’s message was very alarming, causing a great increase in environmental awareness. (教材P69)
Her book not only change the world; half a century later it remains a book that deserves to be reread today, so that we can once again feel ourselves warm to the fire of its passionate message. (教材P69)
【辨析】
两者都有“信息”的意思，但又有一定的区别。
message意思是“（书面或口头的）信息、留言，消息、电邮（或手机）信息、（书籍、演讲的）要点”， 为可数名词，也可以做及物动词，表示 “向（某人）传送（电子信息）”的意思。
information意思是“信息、消息、情报、资料、资讯，通知”， 是不可数名词，没有复数形式，前面不能直接加不定冠词“an”；“一条信息”的表达为：a piece of information/an item of information/an article of information或者some information。“许多信息”是many pieces of information，还有：a source of information消息来源；
collect/gather/obtain/receive information 收集/搜集/获取/接收信息；provide/give/pass on information 提供 / 给予 / 传递信息.
也可作“知识”解, 其后常接介词on/about/concerning等。
【例句呈现】
Further information is available from the local tourist office.
进一步详情可向当地的旅游办事处查询。
The conference is a good place to share information and exchange ideas.
研讨会是互通信息、交流思想的好场所。
The information is processed in a random order.
信息是按随机顺序处理的。
They questioned the accuracy of the information in the file.
他们怀疑档案中信息的正确性。
It's a lot of information to absorb all at once.
要一下子消化这么多资料，真是很难。
The message is coming through loud and clear.
消息传达得清楚明白。
A message is just coming through.
刚有消息传来。
Would it be possible for me to leave a message for her
我可以给她留个话儿吗？
What sort of message is that sending to young people
这给年轻人传达的是什么样的信息呢？
People who message someone a lot feel unpopular if they don't get many back.
如果人们发出大量短信但收到的回复却不多，就会觉得自己不受欢迎。
【考点过关】
根据information和message的用法填空
1. Pat refused to give her any ________ about Sarah.
2. I got a _______ you were trying to reach me.
3. He refused to comment before all the relevant ________ was seen.
4. There were no ________ for me at the hotel.
5. So far further ________ has not been provided.
6. We've had an urgent ________ saying that your father's ill.
7. Several people came forward with much _________.
8. There were four ________ in my inbox.
9. In order to get a complete picture, further _______ is needed.
10. Last night Jack _______ me to tell that he had caught a bad cold.
【参考答案】
1. information; 2. message; 3. information; 4. messages; 5. information; 6. message; 7. information; 8. messages; 9. information; 10. messaged
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