外研版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 6 Nature in words单元考点突破学案（含答案）

名师原创：Unit6 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. image n 影像; 形象; 印象
【原句再现】
What images are used to symbolize nature (教材P61)
【词块积累】
project an image 树立形象
be the very/living image of … 酷似某人/某物
in the age of …与….同形
【精品例句】
He saw the image of his face in the mirror.他在镜子里看到了自己的脸
Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us.有趣的是，我们的自我形象和别人对我们的印象往往大相径庭
【高考链接】
Littering makes our school dirty, and does harm to the ____________ (imagination) of our school. (浙江课改卷) (image)
【考点训练】
翻译句子
根据圣经说，人是按照上帝的模样创造出来的
(According to the Bible, man was made in the image of God.)
他长相酷似他父亲
(He is the very image of his father.)
2. sth. be used to do sth. = be used for doing sth. 表示“被用于做某事”，是use sth. to do sth.或use sth. for doing sth.被动语态
【原句再现】
What images are used to symbolize nature (教材P61)
【词块积累】
used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”
否定形式：didn't use to do sth.或used not (usedn't) to do sth.
疑问形式：Did...use to...？或Used... to...
反意疑问形式：肯定句 + usedn't/didn't＋主语？
be/get used to (doing) sth.表示“习惯于(做)某事”，现在依旧在做
【精品例句】
You used to go there，usedn't/didn't you
你过去常到那里去，是吗？
I used to cook，but I don't have time to cook now.
我以前经常做饭，但是现在没时间做了。
Tom used to be a couch potato，but he works out every day now.
汤姆过去是个电视迷，但现在每天都健身。
On Sundays he used to get up early and go fishing.
在星期天，他过去常常早起去钓鱼。
【高考链接】
Robots can be used _______ (do) the different thing. (湖南卷) (to do)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Let your body get/be used to (take) exercise! (taking)
He used to get the mail early in the morning, ________ he (usedn’t/didn’t)
3. escape vt&vi. 逃走，逃跑，逃脱；（液体，气体等）泄漏； n. 逃跑，逃脱
【原句再现】
When World War I broke out, Priestley joined the army, and escaped death on a number of occasions. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
escape from…
escape sb’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意/被某人忽视
make one’s escape 逃走
escape doing sth. 逃脱…
a fire escape 安全门
【精品例句】
The hunter tried to escape from the forest, but he lost his way.
猎人试图逃出森林，但是他迷路了
A boy escaped unhurt when the five in his room exploded
房间里发生爆炸时男孩逃了出来，没有受伤
He narrowly escaped death in an earthquake. 他在一次地震中死里逃生
You are lucky to escape being punished. 你真走运，逃脱了惩罚
A small hole allowed smoke to escape from the top.
一个小孔能让烟从顶部冒出来
He had a narrow escape. 他九死一生
【高考链接】
This bear didn’t escape _______ (kill) by a cruel hunter. (山东卷) (being killed)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
They escaped _____ prison at last. (from)
4. desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
【原句再现】
Priestley loved snow and expressed a desire to live in a country where it often snowed. (教材P62).
【词块积累】
desire to do sth.　渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that...(should) do sth. 渴望……
desirable adj. 想要的；可取的；值得拥有的
悄悄告诉你：desire不用于进行时态。意为“期望”时，后接宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。另外，含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。
【精品例句】
Even so，she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed.
即使如此，她的勇气和对成功的强烈渴望令世人印象深刻
I desire that these letters should be burned after I leave.
我期望我走了以后把这些信件都烧掉
He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly.
他总是强烈渴望着学习飞行
【高考链接】
She has a strong desire _____ knowledge and wants to go to college very much. (陕西卷) (for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We always desire (live) in peace with all the other countries in the world. (to live)
He had a strong desire (free) her family from trouble. (to free)
She had a strong desire ___ fame. (for)
5. fascinate v．使入迷，吸引
【原句再现】
The fact is, however, that the snow was as strange and fascinating to me as it was to them. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
fascinating adj.　迷人的
fascinated adj. 着迷的
be fascinated by/with...被……迷住
fascination n. 魅力，迷惑力；迷恋
【精品例句】
It was a question that had fascinated him since he was a boy.
这是他自幼就着迷的问题。
Therefore，I do not have anything with which to fascinate people.
因此，我没有什么能使人着迷的东西。
The whole process fascinates me.
这一整个流程都让我着迷。
【高考链接】
I retreated before her only as quickly as was necessary，________ (fascinate). (福建卷) (fascinated)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Because of your existence，my life will be more ______ (fascinate)． (fascinating)
In those days，she was fascinated _______ past visitors. (by/with)
6. climate n. 气候；地带，风土；风气，思潮
【原句再现】
It is the first fall we have had here this winter, and last year I was out of the country, sweating in a hot climate, during the snowy season, so that it really does seem an age since I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
climatic adj.气候的
climatic conditions 气候条件
a dry climate 干燥地带
the political climate 政治风气
social climate 社会风气
climate和weather 的区别：climate 指一个地区平均气象状况； 天气指一时一日的冷暖雨晴
【精品例句】
I like living in countries with a hot climate. 我喜欢住在气候炎热的国家
The climate in Beijing is enjoyable, but we always have some bad weather.
北京的气候令人愉悦，但是一年中我们总有些坏天气
This island has a cold climate. 这个岛上气候寒冷
【高考链接】
For the sake of her daughter’s health, she decided to move to a warm___ (浙江卷)
A. weather B. temperature C. season D. climate (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
____ (climate) conditions here are appropriate for wheat. (climatic)
7. event n. 重大事件；（发生的）事情；比赛项目；体育比赛
【原句再现】
The first fall of snow is not only an event but it is a magical event. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
a team event 团体赛项目
field and track events 田径赛项目
at all events=in any events 无论怎样，无论如何
in the event 结果，到头来
in the event of…= in the event (that)… 如果…发生；倘若
【精品例句】
It is easy to be wise after the event. 事后诸葛的人都会做
The first time Venus played in a big event was in 1996.
维纳斯首次参加大型联赛是在1996年
The 2008 Olympic Games is the biggest sporting event ever held in Beijing.
2008年冬奥会是北京有史以来举办的最大规模的体育赛事
At all events we will carry the struggle through to the end.
无论如何，我们都会拼搏到底
I got very nervous about the exam, but in the event, I needn’t have worried; It was really easy. 我对考试提醒吊胆，但其实我本不必担心，这次考试的确很容易
【高考链接】
In the event _______ she has not been informed, I will tell her.（山东卷） (that)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
In the event _______ an accident, call this number. (of)
8. inspector n. 检查员，巡视员
【原句再现】
Priestley wrote many successful articles，essays，novels and plays，but is best remembered for his play An Inspector Calls. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
inspect vt.　检查；视察
inspect sb./sth. for sth.因某物而检查某人/某物
inspection n. 检查；视察
【精品例句】
The school inspectors were called in.
督学应邀前来。
The story is told through the eyes of Inspector Simon Potter.
这个故事是从西蒙·波特巡官的视角讲述的。
The inspector recorded the date in a large red book.
检查员在一本大红册子上记下了日期。
【高考链接】
Education officials have been using another two vehicles to inspect schools _______ structural damage. (全国卷) (for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
After an _______ (inspect)，the inspectors must publish a report. (inspection)
She _______ (inspect) the rooms and found them perfectly tolerable. (inspected)
9. insist vt. 坚决要求；坚持认为
【原句再现】
Even at the risk of appearing to this fair and witty reviewer as another Mr. Woodhouse，I must insist that last night's fall of snow here was an event. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
insist on/upon (doing) sth. 坚决要求(做)某事
温馨提示：在“insist＋that...”结构中，
※当insist作“坚持主张，坚决要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
※当insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。
【精品例句】
I insisted that they should wait for our return.
我坚决要求他们等我们回来。
He insisted that he wasn't sleepy.
他坚持说他不困。
He insisted on his demand.
他坚持他的要求。
She insisted on her mother's living with her.
她坚持要她母亲和她住在一起。
She insisted on leaving at once.
她坚持立刻就走。
【高考链接】
The manager insisted on the work __________ (do) in two hours. (山东卷) (being done)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He insisted _______ walking me to the station to see me off. (on/upon)
He insisted that the problem _____________ (discuss) at the meeting. 【(should) be discussed)】
10. branch n. 树枝，枝条；分部，分支；支流；支脉；vi. 分枝，分叉，长出枝子
【原句再现】
The little plum tree outside, with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk, stood in full sunlight. (教材P63)
【词块积累】
open/set up a branch office 开分公司
branch off/away 分叉，岔开
branch out 长出枝条
branch line 支线
branch office 分店，分公司
a branch of the Rhine 莱茵河的支流
【精品例句】
The monkey leaps from branch to branch. 那猴子在树枝间跳来跳去
The river has a lot of branches. 那条河有许多支流
The bank has ten branches in the city. 这家银行在室内有十家分行
Botany is a branch of knowledge. 植物学是一门科学
The road branches here. 这条路在这里分叉
The wide river branches here into three branches. 这条大河在这里分成三条支流
【高考链接】
The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _____all over the country. (陕西卷)
A. companies B. branches C. organization D. businesses (B)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
今天该组织在五大洲的40个国家都设有分支机构
(Today the organization has branches in 40 countries in all five continents.)
英语是日耳曼语系的一支
(English is a branch of the Germanic family of languages.)
11. disturb vt. 打扰；搅乱；使烦恼
【原句再现】
There was indeed something curiously disturbing about the whole prospect. (教材P63)
【词块积累】
disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的
a disturbing piece of news 令人不安的消息
disturbed adj. 不安的；烦恼的
disturb one’s plans/work/thoughts 打断某人的计划/工作/思想
disturb the peace 扰乱治安
disturbance n. 打扰；不安；风潮；骚乱
【精品例句】
A light wind disturbed the surface of the lake.
微风吹皱湖水
That is disturbing news.
那是令人不安的消息
I was disturbed to hear of his illness.
听说他病了，我很不安
Sorry to disturb you, but can I talk to you for a minute
抱歉打扰您，我能跟您聊一会儿吗？
【高考链接】
The old man was ______ (disturb) to hear that his son was badly injured in the accident. (重庆卷) (disturbed)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We were all disturbed at the ________ (disturb) news. (disturbing)
12. apart from 除了……外(还)；此外
【原句再现】
From my st5udy, which is apart from the house and faces it, I can see the children flattening their noses against the window, and there is running through my head a rhyme I used to repeat when I was a child and flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling snow (教材P63)
【词块积累】
apart from具有下列三层含义：
①相当于as well as/in addition to/besides…指“除……之外(还)；此外；加之”，强调“另外还有”；
②相当于aside from…指“除了……外”；
③相当于except for…指“除了……外(都)；要不是”，是在对某人或某物整体上肯定的同时，特别指出其不足之处。
take...apart　将……拆开
tell sb./sth. apart 把某人/某物区分开
【精品例句】
Apart from the boring fight between the two heroes，it is a really good movie.
除了两个主人公之间乏味的打斗以外，这部电影还真的不错
Apart from being a painter，she is also a yoga coach.除了是位画家，她还是个瑜伽教练
Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.
除了以上提到的结构，你也学会了下面的词组
【高考链接】
Apart natural and cultural wonders, Hangzhou is also famous for its culinary delights. (山东卷) (from)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Except ______ the ending，it's a really good film. ( for)
They are so alike，and it's difficult to tell them _______．(apart)
13. extend vt. 扩展；使伸长；延长
【原句再现】
A soft, pleasant light appears to hang over the whole earth; the influence of the season seems to extend itself even to a passing wagon, whose slow motion across the well-reaped field is seen by the eye, but makes on loud noises upon the ear. (教材P66)
【词块积累】
extend from ...to ...　从……延伸到……
extend out 伸出
extend through... 贯穿……；达到整个……的长度
extension n. 延伸，扩展
【精品例句】
The car park has been extended.
那个停车场已被扩建了。
They asked the government to extend its period of deliberation.
他们要求政府延长审议的时间。
The branches of the fruit trees extended out over the fences.
果树枝伸出墙外。
【高考链接】
I mean to be talking about a single thing that was extended ______ time.（山东卷）（through）
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The tourist season extends ______ May to October. (from)
The girls competed for it，their hands extended _____ into the air. (out)
14. confuse vt. 使迷惑，使糊涂
【原句再现】
What the author wrote made me feel confused. (教材P67)
【词块积累】
confuse ... with/and ... 把……和……混淆
be confused about sth. 对某事迷惑不解
confusing adj. 令人困惑的
confused adj. 困惑的
confusion n. 混乱，困惑
in confusion 困惑地，困窘地
all into confusion陷入混乱
mental confusion精神错乱
【精品例句】
Don’t confuse Austria with Australia. 别把Austria 和Australia弄混了
I always confuse her with her twin sister: they look so alike.
我总分不清这对双胞胎姐妹, 她们长得太像了。
He is always confused about the two questions.
他对这两个问题总是糊涂
To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colours.
【高考链接】
The children were all ______ (confuse) about what had happened. (陕西卷.语法填空) (confused)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The _______ (confuse) game made us completely confused. (confusing)
If you have questions or are confused _____ anything, email me, please. (about)
15. replace vt. 取代，更换；把…放回原处
【原句再现】
The reason why they are doing this is that they think these words are irrelevant to children, so instead they’ve replaced them with terms like “film”. (教材P67)
【词块积累】
replacement n. 更换，更替；替换的人或物
replace…with/by 用…替换
【精品例句】
Personally, I think store shopping will exist along with home shopping but will never be replaced. 我个人认为商店购物会与家庭购物并存，但绝不会被取代
They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.
他们用昂贵的新跑车替代了钟爱的旧车
【高考链接】
We can replace bamboo with wood. (湖北课改卷) (with)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
我们乐意为您更换这台收音机
(We’d be happy to replace the radio for you. )
杂志阅读后请放回原处
(Replace the magazines after reading.)
16. bend v. 变弯曲；弯腰
【原句再现】
But the snow is falling heavily，in great soft flakes，so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley，and the roofs are thick and the trees all bending, and the weathercock of the village church, still to be seen through the grey loaded air, has become some creature out of Hans Andersen. (教材P63)
【词块积累】
bend down/over　弯下腰来；弯腰
bend backwards/forwards向后弯曲/向前弯曲
bend to…. 屈服于…，(使)让步
bend oneself to ….专心于….，致力于….
bendy adj. 易弯曲的，柔韧的
bending n. 弯曲(度)
【精品例句】
He bent his mind to his business.
他专心于他的业务。
Rheumatism prevents him from bending his back.
风湿病使他不能弯腰。
She bends to her husband's will.
她顺从了她丈夫的意愿。
【高考链接】
Eric bent himself to ______ (persuade) them to donate some blankets. (陕西卷) (persuading)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Most people bend _______ fate，but I do not. (to)
As Jim bent _______ to pick up the pen，he felt a sharp pain in his back. (down/over)
17. enhance v．改进，增强
【原句再现】
What images does the author use to enhance the description of snow (教材P64)
【词块积累】
enhance one's consciousness 提高某人的觉悟
enhance one's reputation 提高某人的声誉
enhance readiness加强准备
【精品例句】
The black headband enhanced the whiteness of her skin.
黑色的束发带使她的皮肤显得更加白皙。
Large paintings can enhance the feeling of space in small rooms.
大型油画可以增加小房间的宽敞感。
The moonlight enhanced the beauty of the scene.
月光使这景色更加美丽。
【高考链接】
He said that the attractiveness of the book ________ (enhance) by excellent drawings.
(陕西卷) (was enhanced)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
His refusal does nothing ________ (enhance) his reputation．(to enhance)
●本单元其它重要词组
18. talk away 不断地谈；在弹劾中度过
I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children, whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again. (教材)
Nobody’s listening, but she just keeps talking away.
e round 苏醒；转变；顺便拜访; 周而复始
I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children, whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again. (教材)
The summer holidays have come round again.
20. alert….to…提醒；警告；使警惕
By imagining a world without birds, she aimed to alert not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems- in particular, to the harmful use of pesticides, such as DDT. (教材)
We will be assisting in alerting people to the dangers of cold weather.
21. target for… ….的目标
Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work, the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry. (教材)
His war record became a target for his enemies.
22. stand by 支持； 袖手旁观；准备；站在旁边
These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy, but she remained determined to stand by her research. (教材)
The doctors are standing by their claim that they are not at fault.
●句型点拨
1. as if引导方式状语从句
【原句再现】
I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children，whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again. (教材P62)
句式分析：句中as if相当于as though，是从属连词，意为“似乎，仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句。
【能力拓展】
as if也可用在seem，smell，sound，taste等系动词后引导表语从句。
※当as if/though从句表示的情况是事实或可能发生的真实情况时，从句用陈述语气。
※当as if/though从句表示的情况与事实相反或不可能发生时，从句用虚拟语气。
①从句表示的情况与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)。
②从句表示的情况与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
③从句表示的情况与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
【精品例句】
Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going to leave．
快点！火车好像要开了。
He behaved as if nothing had happened.
他表现得若无其事。
The teacher treats her students very well，as if they were her own children.
这位老师对她的学生非常好，就好像他们是她自己的孩子。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
【高考链接】
It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ______ (do) it
(陕西卷) (had done)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She walked here and there on the playground as ______ she was looking for something. (if/though)
He talks about Rome as if he _______ (be) there before. (had been)
2. “find＋宾语＋宾补”结构
【原句再现】
You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find yourself in another quite different，and if this is not magic，then where is it to be found (教材P62)
句式分析：句中find yourself in another quite different属于“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构。yourself是find的宾语，in another quite different作宾补。
【能力拓展】
※find＋宾语＋
※find it＋形容词/名词＋to do (it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语)
【精品例句】
She again found herself unable to blame him.
她又一次发现自己难以开口责备他。
Carrie found herself stared at.
嘉莉发现有人在盯着她看。
When he awoke，he found himself in a room he didn't recognize.
等他醒来，他发现自己来到一个完全陌生的房间。
【高考链接】
A group of children were found _______ (play) on the playground. (湖南卷) (playing)
Some students find it not easy ____________ (understand) English grammar. (河北卷) (to understand)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I found my wallet _______ (steal)on the bus. (stolen)
He found ________ hard to finish the work in time. (it)
3. by the time引导时间状语从句
【原句再现】
Then the sun came out，and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks. (教材P63)
句式分析：句中by the time 相当于一个连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“到……时候”。
【能力拓展】
※ by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时或现在完成时时，主句通常用将来完成时(强调主句谓语动作在从句谓语动作发生之前已经完成)
※ by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时时，主句通常用过去完成时(强调主句谓语动作在从句谓语动作发生之前已经完成)
【精品例句】
By the time I was sixteen，my dream had come true.
当我十六岁时，我的梦想已经成真了。
By the time we had made landfall，the boat looked ten years older!
等到我们登陆时，这艘船看似老了10年！
By the time I graduate next year，I will have lived here for 5 years.
到明年毕业时，我就在这里待了五年了。
【高考链接】
By the time he was fourteen years old，Einstein ______ (learn)advanced mathematics all by himself. (陕西卷) (had learned)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
_______ the time you get back，I shall have finished the work. (By)
By the time we _______ (get) back from dinner，she was already in bed. (got)
●求同存异话分词（详见语法课件）
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