外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit1 Looking forwards词汇精讲课堂课件(39张ppt)

(共39张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
教材版本：新外研 册别单元：选择性必修四 Unit 1
重难点词
mind
搭配义
arise
熟词生义
complex
熟词生义
circumstance
commercial
词族
alternative
英语释义
辨析义
搭配义
辨析义
短语动词
shift
一词多义
admission
熟词生义
admission
Admission by ticket.
凭票入场。
生活中的 admission
admission
admission: 来自 admit (B2U2)
admission n
[U] & [C] 接纳；进入权；准许入会 / 学：
Admission by ticket.
She failed to gain admission to the university of her choice.
the university admissions policy / office
[C]［常作单数］承认；供认：
an admission of a mistake / failure
[U] 入场费：
admission charges / prices
admit & admission 语义网络图
供认
admit
容许……进入
（基本义）
承认
“容许”事情“进入”内心
“容许”人“进入”组织或机构
“容许”物体“进入”某地
接纳；招收
容许……进入
承认；供认
接纳；
准许入会 / 学；入场费
进入权
admission
温故知新
“容许”自己做错了的事“进入”公众视野
视频学习：make up your mind 是什么意思
make up one’s mind 拿定主意；下定决心
make up one’s mind 拿定主意；下定决心：
Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.
He has made up his mind to overcome his shortcomings.
change one’s mind 改变主意：
When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I have
changed my mind. 2013 全国
bear / keep … in mind 将……记在心中；记起
(bear / keep in mind that)：
It’s a good idea — I’ll bear it in mind.
Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind
that note-taking is a selective process. 2008 全国
come / spring to mind 突然想起;(想法)一下子冒出来：
Kindness and honesty are words that spring to mind
when talking of the man.
lose one’s mind 发疯：
To be in this place, you have to have a sense of
humor or you’ll lose your mind.
put / set / turn one’s mind to / set one’s mind on 集中精力做：
She could have been a brilliant pianist if she’d put her mind to it.
■ adj 复杂的 (complicated) 反 simple；复合的：
a complex state of affairs
The link between money and happiness is complex.
a complex sentence
■ n [C] 综合楼群；综合体；联合企业：
a new apartment complex 2010 浙江
【拓展】complexity n [U] & [C] 复杂性；错综复杂（的事物）
complex
com- (together, 一起） + plex (to weave 纺织) → (问题等) 织在一起的 → 复杂的
commercial
生活中的 commercial
商业广告
commercial
■ adj［常用于名词前］商业的；营利性的；商业化的：
commercial radio / TV / channels
The movie was not a commercial success.
Festivals are becoming more and more commercial.
■ n [C] 商业广告：
a radio / TV commercial
commerce (商业) + -al (形容词后缀) → 商业的
【词汇拓展】
commerce n [U] 商业；贸易 (trade)：
electronic commerce (e-commerce)
commercialize / commercialise vt［常用于被动语态］使商业化；使成为营利手段：
Some people believe festivals should not be commercialized.
commercialization / commercialisation n [U] 商业化
词族：commerce, commercial, commercialize, commercialization
看到上面两幅图，大家很容易想到风能和太阳能，这些自然能源即为“替代能源”（alternative energy）。此时，alternative可译为“可替代的”。alternativealternative adj
[只用于名词前] 可供替代的；可供选择的 that you can use, do, etc. instead of sth else：
an alternative method of learning
The way was blocked, so we went by an alternative road.
非传统的；另类的 different from what is usual or traditional：
an alternative lifestyle
alternative energy 替代能源（指太阳能、风能、水能等）
alternative n [C] 选择；供选择的东西：
Minibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport.
have no alternative but to do sth
除了做某事别无选择：
I had no alternative but to report him to the police.
【拓展】
alternatively adv
[引出第二种选择或可能的建议] 二者选一地；或者：
I could come to your house, or alternatively we could meet in town.
三个词中，alternative 最正式，choice 较 option 稍非正式。
option, choice 或 alternative均可表示可选择的事物。
alternative 较常用以指两个选择，后可接介词 to：
You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives.
表示选择权或选择的自由最常用 choice，有时也可用 option，但通常不用 alternative：
Do I have a choice of what color to paint my room
option 也指计算机程序里的选项、选择。
【辨析】alternative, choice, option
arise
arise 词源解读：a- (表示加强) + rise (升起) ，词源义为：升起
arise (arose, arisen) vi［正式用语］
（问题或困难）出现；发生；产生：
What problems may arise when humans are cloned
A number of high buildings have arisen where therewas nothing a year ago but ruins. 2012 山东
起床；起身；起立：
He arose from his seat.
arise from / out of 因……产生；由……引起：
Accidents often arise from / out of carelessness.
问题、困难或新事物等“升起”
人“升起”
注：日常用语中，表示出现问题或困难，一般用 come up，不用arise。
同义异构：occur, happen
circumstance
根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. We don’t usually accept late applications, but ________________________________________（在这种情况下）we will make an exception.
2. ___________________________________（在任何情况下都不）should you leave this house.
in this case
/ in / under the circumstances
In no case
/ In / Under no circumstances
circumstance n [C]
［常用复数］情况；情形 the conditions that affect a situation, an event, etc.：
Our circumstances are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive.
［复数］［正式用语］境况；状况（尤指经济状况）the conditions of a person’s life, especially the money they have：
financial / social / personal circumstances
in / under ... circumstances 在……情况下：
Under the circumstances, it seems better not to tell him about the accident.
It’s an experimental model, so don’t touch it under any circumstances. 2012 江西改
circumstance
词源解读：circum (around 周围) + st (to stand 站立) + -ance (名词后缀) → 站立的周围 → (周边) 的状况 → 情况；情形
in / under no circumstances 决不；无论如何不：
Under no circumstances should we do terrible things to other people.
注：in / under no circumstances 置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。
辨析：circumstance, environment
circumstance 和 environment 都含有“环境”“状况”之意。
● circumstance 指“情况”“情形”（the conditions that affect a situation, an event, etc.）”，常用复数，表明与某事件或某人有关的环境，情形，情况等，也可指“境况”“状况”（尤指经济状况）（how much money sb has）”。
We can’t judge what he did until we know all the circumstances.
● environment 指“生活环境”“周围状况（the conditions of the place where you are）”，尤其指作用和影响生物体的生长，发展和生存的外界物质条件的总和。
The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environment.
I am not a product of my circumstances.
I am a product of my decisions.
我不是环境的产物，我是自我选择的结果。
史蒂芬·柯维（1932 — 2012），美国著名博士，被美国《 时代周刊》誉为“思想 巨匠”、“人类潜能的导师”，并入选影响 美国历史进程的25位人物之一。他是一位赢得国际声望的领导才能权威和导师，代表作有《成功人士的7个习惯》、《领导者准则》。
shift
电脑键盘上的 shift 键，到底是干什么的？
Shift 键是键盘中的一个上档转换键，可用于中英文转换，左右各有1个 shift 键。shift 键具有输入法切换、快速切换半角和全角、选择连续文件、直接删除文件等功能。
■ v
vi & vt（使）转移；（使）移动：
shift the furniture
Joe listened, shifting uncomfortably from one foot to another.
The White House hopes to shift the media’s attention away from foreign policy issues.
vi & vt（使）改变 to change your opinion of or attitude towards sb / sth：
He refused to shift his ground (= change his opinion).
■ n
[C] 转移；转换：
A shift in the wind is expected tonight.
[C] 班；轮班：
be on the day / night shift
[U]（计算机）转换（键）(shift key)
shift
基本义：转移
shift 语义网络图
转移
shift
(基本义)
“转移”物体
“转移”想法或态度等
（使）转移；（使）移动
（使）改变
转移；转换
班；轮班
（计算机）转换（键）
n
v
短语动词
put off
延期；推迟 (delay / postpone)：
She called this afternoon to put off the meeting to next week.
使反感；使不信任：
She is very clever but her manner does tend to put people off.
打扰；使分心：
Don’t put me off when I’m trying to concentrate.
使对……失去兴趣：
Don’t let your failures put you off trying harder.
put off 语义网络图
off
分离；离开
延期；推迟
打扰；
使分心
使对……失去兴趣
使反感；
使不信任
put off
使活动与原定日期分离
使人与兴趣或热情分离
使人与他人的好感和信任分离
使心思与正在做的事情分离
短语动词
含有 off 的短语动词：
off 表示“离开；离去”：
go off ___________；___________ 出发；let off ___________
off 表示“结束；消失”：
finish off ___________；___________ 大量杀死；___________ 还清
off 表示“（协议、运动、事件等）取消；延期”：
call off ___________；___________ 延期；推迟
off 表示“去掉；除掉；移开”：
cut off ___________；___________ 脱下
使爆炸
离开
set off
完成；吃完
kill off
pay off
取消
put off
切断
take off
pass up 放弃；错过（机会等）：
You shouldn’t pass up the opportunity to go to university.
weigh up 仔细考虑；权衡：
We can weigh up the options and try to come to a decision.
含有 up 的短语动词：
up 表示“向上；向高处移动”：
___________ 起立；___________ 举起；抬高；pop up ___________
up 表示“完全；彻底”：
________ 最终处于 / 成为；pass up ___________；_________ 认输；放弃
up 表示“成碎片或分成几部分”：
break up ___________；___________ 切碎
up 表示“（数量、程度等）增加；上升”：
turn up ___________；___________ 使振作起来
stand up
put up
突然出现；冒出来
end up
放弃；错过
give up
破碎
cut up
调高
cheer up
含有 down 的短语动词：
down 表示“向下”：
come down（下降）；_________ 身体垮掉；pass / hand down（把……传给）；
_________ 放下
down 表示“（写）在纸上”：write down（写下）, set down（制定）
down 表示“（数量、程度等）下降 / 减少 / 减弱”：
bring down（降低）, turn down（调低）；_________ 平静下来
turn down
关小；调低（音量等）反 turn up：
Could you please turn down your TV a bit
拒绝 (refuse)：
How could you turn down such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months 2014 浙江
break down
put down
calm down
随堂检测
mind
完成下列句子。
1. I ___________________（下定决心）I would find out what was
good in my present situation.（2016 浙江改）
2. I didn’t choose English as my major in the end. I ________________ （改变主意）and chose history instead.（2015 湖南改）
3. Always _________________________（记住）your main task is to
get this company running smoothly.（2015 湖南）
5. The person’s name doesn’t ___________________（出现在我的脑海中）right now.
made up my mind
changed my mind
bear / keep in mind that
come into my mind
根据句意，写出画线部分的汉语意思。
1. What he said was too complex for me to understand. ___________
2. The new sports complex opens to the public tomorrow.
___________
3. Complex sentences play an important role in learning English.
___________
4. I often reflect on the beauty and complexity of life. ___________
complex
复杂的
综合楼群
复合句
复杂性
根据句意，写出画线部分的汉语意思。
1. Every TV commercial on television has a web site at the bottom of the screen. ___________
2. He failed to see the commercial value of his discovery.
___________
3. Would you be kind enough to tell me the right way to the Commercial Building ___________
4. The little boy on the seat next to you is humming（哼唱）a short commercial song.（2020 天津改） ___________
commercial
电视广告
商业价值
贸易大楼 / 商业大厦
商业 / 广告歌曲
alternative
一、根据句意，写出画线部分的汉语意思。
1. The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical（天文的）incidents. But alternative explanations are hard to find.（2017 江苏） ___________
2. I was a student who went on alternative break trips, and had my life totally transformed by that experience.（2011 天津） ___________
非传统假期旅行
别的解释
二、根据所给汉语，完成句子。
1. If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them ___________________________（他们能够信赖的替代物）. （2014 山东）
2. Do you have ______________________________________ （解决这个问题的其他方法）in your mind
3. Facing energy crisis, more new __________________________（替代能源）is needed to search for.
4. I’m afraid ______________________________________（我别无他法，只有让你离开）.
5. __________________________（除了咖啡有没有其他选择）on the menu (n)
an alternative they can rely on
an alternative method of solving the problem
alternative energy
Is there an alternative to coffee
I have no alternative but to ask you to leave
arise
一、根据句意，写出画线部分的汉语意思。
1. While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise.（2019 全国） ___________
2. Tell our kids to keep calm when problems arise. ___________
3. He arose and walked to the window. ___________
4. My mother arose early in the morning. ___________
二、根据所给汉语，完成句子。
1. Many difficulties _______________________（由……引起）the water shortage.
2. I _______________________（从座位上站起来）to greet her.
出现
发生
站起来 / 起身
起床
arose from / out of
arose from my seat
一、根据句意，写出画线部分的汉语意思。
1. Due to circumstances beyond our control the lecture was cancelled.
___________
2. Their family financial circumstances are from bad to worse. ___________
二、根据所给汉语，完成句子。
1. Don’t open the door, __________________________（任何情况下）.
2. She made it clear that __________________________（绝不）would she cancel the trip.
circumstance
情况 / 情形
经济状况
in / under any circumstances
in / under no circumstances
shift
根据句意，写出画线部分的汉语意思。
1. Within four hours of my first shift, I had angry customers who complained how slow I was.（2012 湖南） ___________
2. The 21st century has been seeing a gradual shift of people from the country to the town. ___________
3. You must press the shift key before entering each letter. ___________
4. Someone has shifted my bicycle and I can’t find it. ___________
5. Nowadays the priority for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.（2019 江苏） ___________
6. Public attitudes towards the Internet have shifted over the past 50 years. ___________
轮班
转移
转换键
（使）移动
（使）转移
改变
谢
谢
观
赏