(共38张PPT)
Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.
Period(Two) Section A(grammar focus-3c)
人教版 七年级下
Grammar:
① 祈使句(重点为否定结构)
② 情态动词can表“许可”的用法(肯定及否定陈述， 一般疑问句结构及肯定和否定回答)
③ 情态动词must的句型结构(仅限肯定陈述)
④ 情态动词have to的句型结构(肯定及否定陈述，一般疑问结构及肯定和否定回答)
Learning goals
In class
We can’t _____________.
We must _____________.
We have to ___________.
Brainstorm
At school
We can’t _____________.
We must _____________.
We have to ___________.
At home
I can’t _____________.
I must _____________.
I have to ___________.
How to talk about rules
Don’t run in the hallways. Don’t fight.
What are the rules We must be on time for class.
Can we eat in the classroom No, we can’t, but we can eat in the dining hall.
Can we wear a hat in class Yes, we can./No, we can’t.
Does he have to wear a uniform at school Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
What do you have to do We have to be quiet in the library.
Grammar Focus
1.祈使句的肯定句和否定句是怎样构成的？一般什么情况下使用祈使句？
2.圈出情态动词， 观察它们在用法上有什么共同点？
3.can 在本单元主要表示什么含义？它还可以表达什么意思？
4.have to 在句法上和其他情态动词的区别在哪里？
Don’t run in the hallways. Don’t fight.
祈使句的否定句在动词原形前加don’t，表示“不要做什么事”。
祈使句的肯定句通常以动词原形前开头，如：
Please be quiet. The baby is sleeping.
祈使句
1.祈使句的定义
(1)用来表示请求、命令、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句因对象（主语）都是第二人称，所以通常省略主语(you)而以动词原形开头，句末用句号或感叹号，读时用降调。
Summary
Please bring some water to me.
请给我拿点水来。（表请求）
Go out! 出去！（表命令）
Don’t run in the hallways.
不要在走廊里跑。（表劝告）
Be careful! 小心！（表警告）
No eating! 禁止吃东西！（表禁止）
2.祈使句的句式
Do
型 肯定句：
动词原形（+宾语）+其他. 请坐。
否定句：
Don’t +动词原形（+宾语）+其他. 不要在这儿跑。
Sit down, please.
Don’t run here.
Be
型 肯定句：
Be +表语+其他. 请安静。
否定句：
Don’t + be +表语+其他. 不要吵闹。
Be quiet, please.
Don’t be noisy.
Let
型 肯定句：
Let+宾语+动词原形+其他. 让我帮你吧。
否定句：
①Don’t let+宾语+动词原形+其他.
②Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他. 别让他走。
Let me help you.
Don’t let him go./
Let him not go.
其他
No+动词-ing/名词! 禁止游泳！
禁止拍照！
(1)表示强调时，可在动词原形前加 do，意为 “一定，务必”。
一定要来看我。
注意
No swimming!
No photos!
Do come to see me.
(2)为表示礼貌，可在祈使句的句首或句末加上 please。
当 please 在句末时，要用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。
请遵守校规。
注意
Please follow the school rules.
＝Follow the school rules, please.
What are the rules We must be on time for class.
Can we eat in the classroom No, we can’t, but we can eat in the dining hall.
Can we wear a hat in class Yes, we can./ No, we can’t.
Does he have to wear a uniform at school Yes, he does./
No, he doesn’t.
What do you have to do We have to be quiet in the library.
can/must/have to +动词原形
have to 与其他情态动词不同，有人称和数的变化
情态动词 must 与 have to
1.情态动词 must 的用法
(1)意为“必须”，表示主观的义务或必要，无人称、数和时态的变化。以 must 开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答一般用 must，否定回答一般用 needn’t 或don’t/doesn’t have to，意为“不必”，不用 mustn’t；mustn’t 常用于否定句中，表示“不允许；禁止”。
我必须做作业。
你不能在这儿游泳。
我们必须马上打扫教室吗？
不，你们不必。你们可以放学后打扫。
—________ we clean the classroom at once
—No, you _______. You may clean it after school.
Must
needn’t
I must do my homework.
You mustn’t swim here.
(2)意为“一定；准是”，表示肯定推测，用于肯定句中。
这本书一定是玛丽的。
The book must be Mary’s.
2.情态动词 have to 的用法
(1) have to 意为“必须；不得不”，后接动词原形，表示客观需要做的事情。
现在我不得不离开。
I have to leave now.
(2) have to 有人称、数和时态的变化，其
第三人称单数形式为 has to。
辛迪每天必须铺床。
Cindy has to make the bed every day.
(3)含有 have to 或 has to 的句子需分别借助助动词 do 或 does 构成疑问句或否定句。
她必须早起吗？
你不必8点钟到那儿。
Does she have to get up early
You don’t have to arrive there at eight.
Look at the pictures in 3a and answer the questions.
1
2
3
4
1. What can’t students do in
picture 2
2. Can we talk loudly/eat/listen to music/take photos in the library
3. Where can you see these signs
3a Write the rules for the school library.
Library Rules
1. ____________________________
2. ____________________________
3. ____________________________
4. ____________________________
Don’t talk.
1
2
3
4
Don’t eat in the library.
Don’t listen to music in the library.
Don’t take photos in the library.
Use the words to make questions about
the rules. Then write answers according
to your school.
3b
1. Be quiet
(she/have to /in the library)
Q: Does she have to be quiet in the library
A: Yes, she does.
2. Eat
(he/have to/in the dining hall)
Q: ___________________________________
A: ___________________________________
3. Listen to music
(we/can/in the hallways)
Q: __________________________________
A: __________________________________
Does he have to eat in the dining hall
Yes, he does.
Can we listen to music in the hallways
No, we can’t.
4. Wear a hat
(we/can/in the classroom)
Q: __________________________________
A: __________________________________
Can we wear a hat in the classroom
No, we can’t.
At my dream school, we don’t have to come to school every day…
We can eat in class…
Make up five cool rules for your dream school. Share your rules with the class. Your classmates vote for the Coolest School!
3c
We don’t have to wear school uniforms…
We don’t have to do homework every day…
At my dream school, we don’t have to come to school every day. We can eat in the classroom. We can listen to music in class. We don’t have to do homework. We don’t have to wear the school uniform at school.
Discuss and make rules for the computer room in your school.
Computer Room Rules
_______________
_______________
_______________
________________
________________
Discussion
①祈使句(肯定及否定结构)
②情态动词can表“许可”的用法
(肯定及否定陈述，一般疑问句
结构及肯定和否定回答)
③情态动词must的句型结构
(仅限肯定陈述)
④情态动词have to的句型结构(肯
定及否定陈述，一般疑问结构 及肯定和否定回答)
Summary
Grammar
一、单项选择
1. David, _______ make trouble at school.
can’t B. don’t C. doesn’t
2. —Mom, can I play computer games this evening
—_______ your homework first, and then we’ll talk about it.
A. Finishing B. Finish C. To finish D. Finished
B
B
Exercises
3. Buses _______ stop when the traffic lights turn red.
A. can B. may C. must
C
4. We should keep quiet in the library. We _____ speak loudly( 大声地).
A. must B. mustn’t C. can D. needn’t
B
5. I _____ go now, or I’ll miss my train.
A. can B. might C. must D. could
6. He _____ stay at home, because it’s raining outside.
A. have to B. has to C. must D. can’t
B
C
Homework
1. Remember the sentences in the
Grammar Focus.
2. Write five rules in your family.
3. Preview the new words and expressions.
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Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.Section A (Grammar focus-3c)练习
Ⅰ. 根据句意及括号内所给单词的提示填空。
1. I have to _______(go) to bed early every day.
2. Jane, don't _______(swim) in the river.
3. Please _______(bring) two small boxes to class next week.
4. Mom, can I _______(play) computer games for half an hour
5. He must _______(have) some milk at night.
Ⅱ. 根据括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词(含缩略形式)。
1. —Can you play basketball with me (补全肯定答语)
—Yes, _______ _______.
2. You can't go out on school nights. (改为祈使句)
_______ _______ out on school nights.
3. David has to do his homework first after school. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
—_______ David _______ to do his homework first after school
—_______, _______ _______.
4. We have to have lunch at school. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ _______ have to _______
5. He has to clean his room every day. (改为否定句)
He _______ _______ _______ clean his room every day.
Ⅲ. 根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词(含缩略形式)。
1. 我在学校必须穿校服。
I must _______ _______ _______ at school.
2. Jenny在家不得不做什么？
_______ _______ Jenny _______ _______ do at home
3. 你可以在英语课上说汉语吗？
_______ _______ _______ _______ in English class
4. 不要在教室里跑。
_______ _______ in the classroom.
5. Jim, 请向你的老师问好。
Jim, _______ _______ to your teacher, please.
Ⅳ. 根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的选项补全对话。
A: Good morning! I'm a new student here. (1)_______
B: Sure, I can.
A: I know there are some rules at this school. Can you tell me some
B: Yes. (2)_______
A: Oh, I know. I usually go to school early. (3)_______
B: We must be at school at 7:40 a.m.
A: OK. Can I eat in the classroom
B: (4)_______ But you can eat in the dining hall.
A: I see. What are the other (其他的) rules
B: (5)_______ You can listen to it in the music room. That's all.
A: Thank you very much.
B: You're welcome.
A. No, you can't.B. Can you help me C. We can't arrive late for school.D. When do we have to get to school E. Don't listen to music in the classroom.
Ⅴ.单项选择。
1.________watch TV. You have to take the piano lesson now.
Do B．Don't C．Don't do D．Can't do
2.—The manager says that there's no hot water after 8:00 tonight.
—You mean we ________ go to bed without a shower. How terrible!
A．can B．have to C．May D.need
3.—________ you leave now？You only arrived here an hour ago.
—Sorry，but so much homework is waiting for me.
A．May B．Must C．Can D．Might
4.—What are the rules at your school —Don't run in the hallways and ___ arrive late for class.
A．not to B．won't C．don't D．no
5.We ________pay to get into the concert. It's free.
A．can't B．mustn't C．might not D．don't have to
参考答案：
Ⅰ. 1. go 2. swim 3. bring 4. play 5. have
Ⅱ. 1. I / we can 2. Don't go
3. Does; have; No; he doesn't
4. What do you; do 5. doesn't have to
Ⅲ. 1. wear a uniform
2. What does; have to
3. Can you speak Chinese
4. Don't run
5. say hello
Ⅳ. 1-5 BCDAE
Ⅴ.BBBCD
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人教版七年级下册英语学科第四单元第二课时教学设计
课题 Unit 4 Don’t eat in class. 单元 第四单元 学科 英语 年级 七年级
教材分析 本节课主要学习：通过让学生自己给学校或家庭制订规则,发挥学生的主观能动性,调动他们的学习积极性,体现公平、公正的原则,让学生成为学校或家庭的“主人”,可以促进师生、父母与孩子之间的交流与沟通。同时导入本单元的重点句型和语法基础知识。
学习目标与核心素养 Knowledge objectives: 继续练习运用如何做自我介绍及问候他人。学会从对话中获取对方的基本信息（询问他人姓名）。 能掌握以下句型：① Don’t eat in class. ② You must be on time. ③ Eat in the dining hall.2. 继续学习使用目标语言谈论对某些规章制度（校规、家规等）的看法。Skill objectives：了解have to的各种句式的变化；学会用can,don't,have to等与他人讨论规章制度；提高听说技能Emotion：了解校规,养成良好的习惯和教养Thinking capacity（思维品质）：1) 继续学习使用目标语言谈论对某些规章制度（校规、家规等）的看法2) 通过不同方式的练习方式来学会用英语表达一些标志的含义。3) 运用祈使句来表达一些规章和制度。
重点 教学重点：1) 肯定祈使句是省略掉主语的原形动词开头；2) 否定祈使句则是在肯定祈使句前加上“don’t”。3) 情态动词must及have to在用法上的区别。
难点 教学难点：1) 总结用祈使句、情态动词can、must及have to来表达各种规章制度；2) 能用所学的知识来制定一些简单的规章制度。
教学过程
(一)自主学习1.根据Grammar Focus,归纳Section A部分语法重点,同时思考以下问题：(1)祈使句的否定句怎样构成？肯定句呢？一般在什么情况下会用祈使句？(2)情态动词在用法上有什么共同点？(3)can在本单元主要表示什么含义？它还可表达什么意思？(4)have to在语法上与其他情态动词有何区别？2.勾画出重点和疑难点。【效果自测】英汉互译。1.be on time for class按时上课2.in class在课堂上3.wear a uniform穿制服4.梦想的学校dream__school5.不必don't__have__to(二)课堂导学Step 1 情景导入Teacher：At the beginning of this lesson, let's make your own rules. Please take out a piece of paper and write down some school rules. Then make some new school rules or class rules. Then let's discuss your school rules. Which is good, and which we should change You can express your feelings freely.环节说明：通过让学生自己给学校或家庭制订规则,发挥学生的主观能动性,调动他们的学习积极性,体现公平、公正的原则,让学生成为学校或家庭的“主人”,可以促进师生、父母与孩子之间的交流与沟通。同时导入本单元的重点句型和语法基础知识。Step 2 熟读Grammar Focus1.让学生分男、女两组朗读Grammar Focus中的内容。(2分钟)2.让同学们背诵Grammar Focus中的内容。(3分钟)3.小结训练。(3分钟)按要求完成下列句子,每空一词。(1)You can't eat in the classroom.(改为祈使句)__Don't__ __eat__ in the classroom.(2)Maria has to practice the piano on Sundays.(改为一般疑问句)__Does__ Maria __have__ __to__ practice the piano on Sundays (3)Students can run and talk loudly in the hallways.(改为否定句)Students __can't__ run __or__ talk loudly in the hallways.(4)They have to clean__the__classroom.(对画线部分提问)__What__ __do__ they have to __do__？(5)Run in the hallways.(改为否定句)__Don't__ __run__ in the hallways.(6)I have to get up at six.(改为一般疑问句)__Do__ you __have__ __to__ get up at six 环节说明：通过语法基础知识的训练,让学生能够掌握并灵活运用本单元的基础语法知识,为本单元听、说、读、写的训练作好铺垫。Step 3 完成教材3a～3c的任务1.让学生根据图片上的信息,给学校图书馆制订一些规则,完成3a的任务。(3分钟)Teacher：Look at the pictures in 3a. Can you guess what each picture means Please write the library rules in the chart.2.让学生讨论学校图书馆的规章制度,哪些是合理的？哪些是不合理的？哪些是需要改正的？(2分钟)Teacher：Now, let's discuss your school library rules. Which is good, which is bad and which we should change 3.让学生完成3b的任务。(4分钟)Teacher：Well, please use the words to make questions about the rules and write answers according to your school.4.让学生发挥自己的想象,为自己理想中的学校制订校规,完成3c的任务。(3分钟)Teacher：Could you make up five or more cool rules for your dream school Then share your rules with the class.5.小结训练。(8分钟)选词填空。(1)__Can__(Can/Does) we eat in class (2)__Don't__(Don't/Has to) wear a hat to school!(3)Does Bill __have__to__(have to/can) go to bed now (4)Francisco and Andrew __can't__(can't/doesn't) come.(5)__Do__(Do/Have to) they wear sneakers 环节说明：通过完成教材3a～3c的任务,进一步巩固语法基础知识,并运用所学的语言基础知识,培养学生运用语言的能力。同时,让学生在实际操练中领会并掌握基础语法知识,老师在该环节中起到引导作用。(三)当堂评价方案(详见当堂训练部分)Teaching Reflection【教学反思】本节课继续学习掌握第一课时的重点单词以及用英文表达一些标志的含义,学习have to的各种句式的变化,学会用can, don't, have to等与他人讨论规章制度,通过采用自主学习的方式,让学生根据Grammar Focus,归纳Section A部分语法重点,同时通过3a,3b,3c的活动,学以致用谈论规章的用语。学生在小组活动中,会不时地碰撞出一些小火花。在学生使用祈使句时,最容易出错的就是不知道否定句中don't的使用,情态动词中接动词原形,老是出错,但是通过不断的练习,这些错误都是可以避免的。
课堂小结 Summary(be) on time 准时listen to music 听音乐in the hallways 在走廊里in the dining hall 在餐厅里in class 上课；听课；在课堂上a lot of 许多；大量, have to 必须；不得不music players 音乐播放器wear the school uniform 穿校服dream school 梦想中的学校Be quiet. 安静。Don’t be late for class. 上课不许迟到。
板书 dream school 梦想中的学校Be quiet. 安静。Don’t be late for class. 上课不许迟到。
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