外研版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第四册 Unit3 The world meets China单元语法详解课件(共31张PPT)

(共31张PPT)
Unit 3 The world meets China
单元语法详解
外研版新教材选择性必修四
本单元重点语法
→ 状语从句
a. You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of
Dunhuang ahead of them.（教材 P26）
b. If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks that are
testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and west together. (教材
P26)
c. Come a little bit closer so that you can get a better view. (教材 P26)
d. The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their
scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us. (教材 P27)
e. In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not
as prosperous as it used to be.(教材 P27)
◆ 原句再现
◆ 状语从句的概念
在复合句中起状语作用的句子为状语从句，多用来修饰主句的谓语动词、形容词和副词等，由从属连词来引导，从属连词有一定的意思，但不在从句中充当句子成分，只起连接作用。状语从句位于句首时，一般用逗号和主句隔开，朗读时用声调，位于句尾时，不用逗号，朗读时用降调，请观察下面句子
My brother went to a medical college when he was 18 years old.
◆ 状语从句的分类：根据意义上的不同大致可分为九种
◆ 时间状语从句
时间状语从句 原因状语从句 条件状语从句
方式状语从句 比较状语从句 目的状语从句
结果状语从句 让步状语从句 地点状语从句
● 引导时间状语从句常见的从属连词和引导词
请观察以下句子
when as while
before after since
till until as soon as
hardly…when no sooner ….. than… scarcely…. when
the moment (that) ….. the minute (that) the instant (that)
immediately directly each time
every time the first time the last time
next time instantly
a. How long is it since I last saw you
b. Don’t go away till I come back.
c. Each time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.
d. The moment I saw him, I knew that there was no hope.
e. I’m going to see him next time he comes to Shanghai.
f. I came directly I got your message.
g. Hardly had I opened the door when he told me.
● when、while 和 as 都表示“当…..时候”
※ When引导的从句动作和主句中的动作在时间上可以是同时发生，也可是先后发生，而 while 和 as 引导的从句往往和主句的动作同时发生，请观察以下句子
a. When the spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer. (同时发生)
b. The train had left when I got to the station. (主句动作先发生)
c. He was watching TV last night while I was writing a letter. (同时发生)
※ while 引导的从句的谓语动词一般是延续性动词,且多用进行时；as则强调“一边….一边….”, 请观察以下句子
● till 和 until 的用法
※ till 和 until 都表示“一直到…..”，主句从句都用肯定形式，请观察下面句子
a. While we were having breakfast, John was talking on the telephone.
b. As the children walked along the street, they sang happily.
The young man read till/until the light went out.
※ 表示“直到….才”时一般用until, 主句用否定形式,从句用肯定形式，从句方句首时必须用until,请观察以下句子
● since 的用法
※ since 引导的状语从句中的谓语动词常用一般过去时且常为瞬间动词，主句谓语常有现在完成时或一般现在时，且常为延续性动词，请观察以下句子
a. It is just a week since we arrived here.
b. He has lived in the city since I came here.
a. He didn’t get up until his mother came in.
b. Not until years later could I realize I was wrong.
※ since 从句中的谓语动词如果是延续性动词或状态性动词, 则表示其动作的完成或状态的结束, 主句用现在完成时, 请观察下面句子
We haven’t seen each other since he lived next door to me.
●时间状语从句的位置及其谓语动词的时态
※时间状语从句可位于句首、句末或句中, 请观察以下句子
a. When he left the house, I was sitting in the garden.
b. I was sitting in the garden when he left the house.
※在时间状语从句中，用一般将来时表示现在时，请观察以下句子
a. We will stay at home tomorrow after we finish the work.
b. I will tell him everything when he comes.
◆地点状语从句
● 地点状语从句用 where、wherever 引导，请观察以下句子
a. Where there is life, there is hope.
b. The thread breaks where it is weakest.
c. She follows him wherever he goes.
● where 可以有多种意义，除指地点外， 还可以指处境，请观察以下句子
a. He left it where it lay.
b. I’m not living where I was.
c. He said he was happy where he was.
◆ 原因状语从句
●引导原因状语从句常见从属连词及引导词
请观察以下句子
because since as
for now that seeing that
considering that for the reason that
a. She was angry because we were late.
b. As it is raining, we shall not go to the zoo.
c. Since you are going, I will go.
d. Now that we are alone, we can speak freely.
● because, since, as 和 for 引导表原因句子的区别
※ because 引导的原因状语从句所表示的原因是听话人所不知道的
，语气最重，常用来回答 why …. , 请观察以下句子
I went to bed early last night because I felt too tired.
※ since 和 as 引导的原因状语从句一般位于主句之前，表示不很重要或已知的原因，从语气上看，because 语气最强，since 和
as 依次递减, 请观察以下句子
a. Since you don’t trust him, you should not employ him.
b. As it was raining, I would not go out.
※ for 不说明原因，只表示一种附带或补充的解释说明，或表示推理，且 for 引导的句子只能放在后面，请观察以下句子
a. We must start early, for we have a long way to go.
b. It must be morning now, for birds are singing.
◆条件状语从句
●引导条件状语从句的从属连词及引导词
if unless as/so long as
in case if only provided that
providing that on condition that
请观察以下句子
a. If you do that I shall be very pleased.
b. Don’t bring her unless she is sober.
c. You may use the room as you like, so long as you clean it up afterwa-
rds.
d. I will lend you the money on condition that you pay it back in one month.
e. In case he comes, let me know.
●条件状语从句的时态：同时间状语从句一样，条件状语从句中，可用一般现在时表示一般将来时，请观察下面句子
I won’t wait for him unless he rings me tomorrow.
●真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句：真实条件状语从句符
合客观事实，用陈述语气；非真实条件状语从句表示与事实相反或
与本人设想、愿望相反的某种假设，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，请观察以下句子
a. If you are not too tired, let’s go out for a walk.
b. If I were you, I would help them.
● if 和 in case; if 和 when
※ if 从句表示“如果某事发生后才会发生某事”；in case 从句表示为了提防以后会发生某事而预先去做某事，请观察以下句子
a. I shall take an umbrella if it rains.
b. I shall take an umbrella with me in case it rains.
※ if 从句表示肯能发生，when 从句某事肯定会发生, 请观察以下句
子
a. if you come, I shall lend you the money.
b. When you come, I shall lend you the money.
◆比较状语从句
● 引导比较状语从句的从属连词及引导词
a. I am 5years older than he (is).
b. Tom is as tall as Mike.
c. The more we can do for you, the happier we will be.
●比较级前常用下面表示程度的词来修饰
as….. as…. not as/so …. as….
than the more….. the more….
请观察以下句子
much very much still
far a lot a great deal
twice three times 20 percent
a bit a little rather
slightly quite
请观察以下句子
a. This book is a great deal better than that one.
b. This road is ten miles longer than that one
● 比较状语从句中的省略，请观察以下句子
a. He has more time than me/I (have).
b. It is even colder than yesterday (it was).
c. He doesn’t work as hard as her(she does).
d. She was as interested in music as ever (she used to be).
◆方式状语从句
●由 as 引导的方式状语从句，请观察以下句子
a. I’ll do as I an told to.
b. I am as you can imagine short of money.
c. I have changed it as you suggest.
a. It looks as if/though it is going to rain.
b. I remember the whole thing as if/though it happened yesterday.
● as if 和 as though 引导的方式状语从句， 请观察以下句子
a. It swims above the sea floor just as its ancestors did.
b. They tried to conceal this fact much as I did last year.
● jus as 和 much as 引导的方式状语从句, 请观察以下句子
●方式状语从句有时也可以不用引导词，请观察以下句子
a. I can’t help seeing things the way they do.
b. He doesn’t speak the way I do.
c. The steak is cooked just how I like it.
◆目的状语从句：目的状语从中的谓语动词前常用情态动词 may, might, would, should, shall 和 will 等，目的状语从句多在主句之后
● 引导目的状语从句的从属连词及引导词
请观察以下句子
a. let’s take the front seats that we may see more clearly.
b. Bring it nearer so that I may see it better.
c. I don’t let him go out in this weather in case he should catch a cold.
d. Betty got up early in order that she might catch the train.
that so that in order that
lest for fear that in case
●有时so 或 so… that 可以引导目的状语从句，请观察以下句子
a. can’t you fix it somehow so you could stay
b. We have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty.
● in order to…和 so as to…可引导表示目的动词不定式
a. In order to pass the exam, they study hard.
b. They study hard in order to pass the exam.
c. They study hard so as to pass the exam.
温馨告知：in order to do 既可以放句首也可以放句尾,而 so as to do 只能放句尾，请观察以下句子
◆结果状语从句
●由 so, so that, so…that, such… that 引导的状语从句, 请观察以下句
子
a. There were so many people in the room that I couldn’t get in.
b. He made such an excellent speed that it broke the old record.
c. Nothing more was heard of him, so people thought that he was dead.
● otherwise, or else 或 else引导结果状语从句时，表示“否则会有什么后果”, 请观察以下句子
a. Give me back the money, otherwise I’ll ring the police.
b. Hurry up or else you’ll be late.
c. Drink this, else you will be sick.
● so…that 和 such…that 的区别：两者可以互换：so + 形容词 + a/an +单数可数名词 + that 从句 = such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that 从句，但是当 such修饰的是不可数名词或复数名词时，二者不可互换，请观察以下句子
a. He is so good a student
= He is such a good student. (T)
b. It was so fine weather that we all went to the park. (F)
c. It was such fine weather that we all went to the park. (T)
● so that 既可以引导目的状语从句, 也可以引导结果状语从句,区别是：目的状语从句中常有情态动词 can, could，may，might 等；so that 引导结果状语从句时常省略 that, 且结果状语从句前常有逗号，而目的状语从句没有，请观察以下句子
a. He studied hard so that he might succeed.
b. Tom’s planning to start a school, so (that) he’s trying to save as much
money as possible.
◆让步状语从句
●引导让步状语从句的从属连词
though/as although even if
even tough however whatever
请观察以下句子
a. Though I like writing to my pen friend, it takes a lot of time.
b. Although he is young, he knows a lot.
c. Even if she comes here, she won’t tell us about it.
d. She looks pretty, whatever she wears.
● whether…or… 引导让步状语从句时表示一正一反的概念,常表示“也好…也好”、“不管…反正…”, 且从句常用省略形式，请观察下面句子
Whether sick or well, she’s always happy.
● as 引导让步状语从句时, 从句必修倒装,其结构为：形容词/名词/副词/动词原形 + 主语 + 其它。切记：名词提前时，名词前不用任何冠词，请观察以下句子
a. Clever as she is, she works very hard.
= Although she is clever, she works very hard.
b. Child as he was, he knew a lot.
= Although he was a child, he knew a lot.
c. Hard as they worked, they failed finally.
= Although they worked hard, they failed finally.
d. Try as Tom might, he is sure not to succeed.
= Although Tom might try, he is sure not to succeed.
温馨告知：although 引导的让步状语从句不到装；though 引导的让步状语从句可倒装可不到装；as 引导的让步状语从句一定要倒装，though 引导的让步状语从句倒装时，用法与as 引导让步状语从句相同，请观察以下句子
a. Although they are children, they are very polite.
b. Though he is disabled, he is a determined man.
c. Young as/though he is, he has the abilities of doing things.
◆状语从句中省略现象
●从属连词 + 过去分词，请观察以下句子
a. Pressure can be reduced when (it is) needed.
b. Unless repaired (it is), the machine is no use.
c. Once (it is) begun, it must be done well.
●从属连词 + 现在分词，请观察以下句子
a. Look out while (you are) crossing the street.
b. While (they are) visiting the city, they received a warm welcome.
●从属连词 + 形容词/其它，请观察以下句子
a. I’ll help you if (it is) possible.
b. When (it is) necessary, I’ll go there.
c. He opened his mouth as if (he was) to speak.
◆考点训练
1. It just isn’t fair _________ I was working as a waiter last month, my friends were lying on the beach.
A．whenever B．Though C．for D．while　
2. --I wonder how much you charge for your service.
--The first two are free ________ the third costs $30.
A．while B. until C．when D．before 　
3. Because of the heavy traffic, it was time for lunch break ______ she got to her office.
A. since B. that C. when D. until 　
4.The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _______ he wanted to sit next to his wife.
A. although B. unless C. because D. if 　
D
A
C
C
5. You may use room as you like _______ you clean it up afterwards.
A. so far as B. so long as C. in case D. even if 　
6. Mary made coffee ________ her guests were finishing their meal.
A. so that B although C. while D. as if 　
7. The little boy won’t go to sleep _______ his mother tells him a story.
A. or B. unless C. but D. whether
8. She had just finished her homework ________ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
A．when B．While C．after D．since 　
9. --I may go to the market this afternoon.
--Could you please buy some fruit for me ________ you are there
A．since B. If C．while D．as 　
B
C
B
A
B
10. Tom was about to close the windows__________ his attention was caught by a bird.
A. when B. if C. and D. till 　
11. The engineer are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor spor-ts activities, _______ they have the interest.
A. wherever B. Whenever C. even if D. as if 　
12. The girl had hardly rung the bell __________ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.
A. before B. until C. as D. since 　
13.-- How long do you suppose it is ________ he left for Japan
--No more than half a month.
A. that B. before C. after D. since
14.________ I can see，there's only one possible way from the danger.
A. As long as B. As far as C. As soon as D. Even if
A
C
A
D
B
15. If you want to do the experiment again, you'd better be more careful ________ you made a mistake.
A. when B. why C. where D. that
16. Jessica was a newcomer to our class, but ________ we didn't know her, she was warmly received.
A. as B. since C. for D. although
17. The two collectors have determined to buy the precious Egyptian vase, ________.
A. however much it costs B. no matter how it costs
C. however much does it cost D. no matter how much does it cost
18. I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice __________ I picked up the phone.
A. while B. after C. in case D. the minute
C
D
A
D
19.You can, _______ the sky is clear, see as far as the old temple on top of the mountain, but not today.
A. when B. where C. though D. because
20. __________ it is true that a successful businessman or inventor will usually become rich， many other people who are outstanding in their fields take little notice of personal possessions.
A. While B. Since C. Unless D. If
21.-- How long do you think it'll be ________ I can go back to work
--Well, you'll be feeling much better by next weekend.
A. before B. when C. until D. that
22. _______ our country has so many good table/x7ftennis players, we have to decide on the best ones to take part in the game.
A. In spite of B. Since C. If D. In case
A
A
A
B
23.I was scared and feeling pretty anxious, _______ in a new country.
A. for the first time I was B. this being my first time
C. being my first time D.I was the first time
24.Sometimes we just believe what we see, _______ the reality may be different. A. even though B. as if C. since D. unless
25.--What time did he come back yesterday
--It was not yet twelve o'clock ________ he arrived home.
A. before B. when C. that D. until
26.________，some people think there is something in them.
A. His ideas may sound crazy B. As his ideas may sound crazy
C. Crazy as his ideas may sound D. As crazy his ideas may sound
27.--Why do you work so hard
--I don't do it _____ I like it. I just have to.
A. unless B. because C. although D. since
B
A
B
C
B
That’s all!
Thank you!