外研版（2019选择性必修第四册 Unit3 The world meets China语法-精讲破学案（有答案）

Unit3 The world meets China
语法-精讲破
复习状语从句
【观察1】观察下列复合句，体会句子中时间状语从句的意义和用法。
When I got home，my family were having dinner.
Please be quiet while I'm talking to you.
As the students walked to their dorms，they sang happily.
They have lived happily since they got married in 1970.
It has been three years since he lived here.
He ran off before I could stop him.
He will remain in college until（till）he finishes his PhD course .
I will not go with you until（till）I finish my homework.
He said he'd turn on the TV the moment he got home.
Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door woke her up.
By the time you came back，I had finished this book.
【归纳1】（1）when意为“当……时”，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，也可有先后；从句中的谓语可以用延续性动词，也可以用非延续性动词；while意为“与……同时，在…期间”，while引导的从句常用1._____ 动词或表示状态的动词；as意为“一边…一边……；随着”，一般表示主句和从句动作同时发生，还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况。
（2）since意为“自从……以来”，引导时间状语从句时，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用2._______。若sine引导的状语从句中谓语动词是延续性的，它表示的时间从该动作或状态3.______ 算起。
（3）4.________ 意为“在……之前；经过…之后才……；还没（来得及）……就……”。引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。
（4）until和till引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，常用肯定式表示“ 5._______”；如果主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词，常用否定式表示“6.________”。till不可以位于句首，而 until可以。
（5）as soon as、once、immediately、directly、the moment、the minute，hardly…when等引导的时间状语从句都表示从句的动作一发生，7.________ 的动作随即就发生了。
（6）hardly/scarcely…when、no sooner...than引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般过去时，主句用8._______。当 hardly、scarcely、no sooner位于句首时，主句应用9._________。
（7）by the time引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般现在时，主句常用将来完成时；从句用一般过去时，主句常用10.______。
【观察2】观察下列复合句，体会句子中让步状语从句的意义和用法。
Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important，it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
However hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight down the amount you eat.
【归纳2】（1）让步状语从句可由 although、though while、as、even if、even though、whatever、however、no matter what/how/when等词引导。
（2）11._________引导的让步状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装，但12._______引导的让步状语从句必须倒装。
（3）“13._________+-ever”引导的让步状语从句，意为“无论……”,可用“14.________”替换。
【观察3】观察下列复合句，体会句子中条件状语从句的意义和用法。
I will buy a computer if I am able to save enough money.
We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or it's very cold.
My parents don't mind what job I do as long as I am happy.
【归纳3】（1）条件状语从句由if、unless as long as/so long as、In case、on condition（that）（在……条件下）、supposing（that）、provided/providing（that）（假如）等引导。
（2）在条件，时间和让步状语从句中，常用15.__________代替般将来时，用现在完成时代替将来完成时，用16._________代替过去将来时。
【观察4】观察下列复合句，体会句子中原因状语从句的意义和用法。
The old man asked Lucy to move another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.
Since you're not interested，I won’t tell you about it.
Now that you have got a job，you should learn to be independent.
【归纳4】（1）原因状语从句由as、because、since、now that、considering that，seeing that，in that等引导。
（2）because译作“因为”，表示直接原因，语气最强，常用来回答由17.___________提出的问句。as译作“由于”，语气较轻常表示显而易见的原因；since（既然）、now that（既然）、in that（因为）表示双方都知道的原因，语气较18._________。as since和 now that引导的从句多位于19.________之前。
【观察5】观察下列复合句，体会句子中结果状语从句的意义和用法。
I didn’t plan the work well，so that I didn't finish it on time.
He is such a learned person that we admire him very much. = He is so learned a person that we admire him very.
【归纳5】结果状语从句由 so that、so…that…、such.. that..等引导。该从句通常置于主句之后。
【观察6】观察下列复合句，体会句子中目的状语从句的意义和用法。
They started early so that they might arrive on time.
The boy hid himself behind the tree in case that/for fear that his father should see him.
He wore sunglasses so that/in order that nobody could recognize him.
【归纳6】目的状语从句由 so that、in order that、lest、for fear that、20._______等引导。该从句中常有情态动词 could、might、should等。
【观察7】观察下列复合句，体会句子中地点状语从句的意义和用法。
You can go wherever you like these days.
【归纳7】引导地点状语从句的词有wherever等。
【注意】
where引导的定语从句与状语从句的区别：
若 where前有表示地点的先行词，则为定语从句；如果没有，则为地点状语从句。
The little girl decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.（该句中 where引导21.________）
→The little girl decided to remain in the place where she was and wait for her mother.（该句中 where引导22.________）
【观察8】观察下列复合句，体会句子中方式状语从句和比较状语从句的意义和用法。
He acted as if/though nothing had happened Our new school is four times as big as the old one.
【归纳8】23._______从句常由as、as if、as though等词引导通常位于主句之后。
（2）24._______从句由as、than、"the+比较级…，the+比较级...”等引导。
【观察9】观察下列复合句，体会句子中状语从句的省略。
Look out for cars when（you are）crossing the street.
If（it is）possible，I'd like to have two copies of it.
【归纳9】在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果谓语含有be动词，主语又和主句中的主语一致或者主语是25.______，常把从句中的26._______省略。
链接高考
选词填空（每词限用1次）
because，as，once，where before，while
1.（2017江苏，23，★★☆）Located _______ the Belt meets the Road，Jiangsu will contribute more to the belt and road construction.
2.（2017江苏，阅读理解D，★★☆）________ clean energy is increasingly used in daily life，global warming will continue for some decades after CO，emission（排放）peak.
3.（2016天津，7，★★☆）________ the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.
4.（2016北京，33，★★☆）I really enjoy listening to music _______ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares.
5.（★★☆）If you miss this chance，it may be year _________ you get another one.
6.（★★☆）I believe you will have a wonderful time here ______ know everyone else.
单句语法填空
7.（2020课标全国Ⅲ，语法填空，★★☆）________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary（传奇的）artist，they smiled and pointed down the river.
8.（2019课标全国Ⅱ，阅读理解D，★★☆）These kids are so absorbed in their studies _______ I just sit back.
9.（2019课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解D，★★☆）______ the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice.
10.（★★☆）_______ the job takes a significant amount of time most students agree that the experience is worth it.
11.（★★☆）It is so cold that you can’t go outside ________ fully covered in thick clothes.
12.（★★☆）_______ he once felt like giving up，he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
完成句子
13.（2020课标全国I，七选五，★☆☆）既然你列出了你的优点，也列出你的缺
点吧。
______ ______ you’ve listed your strengths，list your imperfections.
14、（2020江苏，23，★☆☆）他们决定为这项工程增加工人，以便该工程不被延误。
They decide to have more workers the project _____ _____ it won’t delayed.
15.（2019天津，13，★★☆）汤姆非常独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除非他想要他们的支持。
Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion _____ ______ _____ _____ _____.
16.（2019课标全国Ⅲ，语法填空，★★☆）在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大，以至于我们忍不住想需要多久才能到达那里。
On our way to the house，it was raining ____ _____ _____ we couldn’t help there how long it would take to get.
17.（2018江苏，29，★★☆）除非你能睡个好觉，否则一两个晚上之后，你会无法集中注意力，无法做计划，也无法保持干劲了。
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____, you will lose the ability to focus，plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
18.（2018天津，4，★★☆）到这周末我们再摘这些桃子吧，那样的话，它们吃起来就变得足够甜了。
Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend _____ ______ ______ _____ ______ ______ to be eaten.
19.（2018北京，2，★☆☆）如果我们不阻止气候变化，世界上的很多动物和植物将会死去。
______ ______ _____ _____ _______ ______ many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
20.（2017北京，28，★★☆）如果你无法理解某件事情，你可以去调查、研究并和其他人商讨，直到你弄明白为止。
If you don’t understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people _____ _____ _____ ______ ______.
21.（2017北京，25，★★☆）尽管鸟类使用它们的羽毛来飞翔，但是它们的一些羽毛有其他用途。
_____ _____ ______ ______ ______ for flight，some of their feathers are for other purposes.
22.（2016北京，27，★★☆）尽管我的爷爷九十多岁了，他仍时常打网球。
My grandfather still plays tennis now and then，_____ ______ _____ _____ ______ ______.
23.（★★☆）只要你不断练习，你会发现剪纸并不难。
You won’t find paper cutting difficult _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
24.（★★☆）一旦农田被毁坏，将要花费很多年的时间才能得以恢复。
_____ _____ ______ ______ _____ it will take many years for the farmland to recover
25.（★★☆）正如一个单词可以改变一个句子的意思一样，一个句子可以改变
一个段落的意思。
_____ ______ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
26.（★★☆）在能够解决这个问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。
We need to get to the root of the problem ______ ______ ______ ______ _____.
27.（★★☆）我的顾问建议我报名读高级文学，因为我喜欢英语，而且我很擅长。
My adviser recommended that I ______ ______ ______ _______ advanced literature ______ ______ _____ ______ and I'm good at it.
答案：
1.延续性2.一般过去时3.结束时4. before 5.直到……为止 6.直到……才 7.主句8.过去完成时 9.部分倒装 10.过去完成时11. though 12.as 13.疑问词14.no matter+疑问词15.一般现在时 16.一般过去时17.why 18.弱 19.主句 20.in case（that）21.状语从句 22.定语从句23.方式状语24.比较状语25.it主语和be动词
1. where句意：位于“一带”和“一路”的交汇处，江苏将对带一路”的建设贡献更多。设空处引导地点状语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，因此用 where引导。
2. While句意：虽然清洁能源越来越多地用于我们的日常生活中，在二氧化碳排放达到峰值后，全球变暖将会持续几十年。此处 while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”。
3.As句意：随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老人需要照顾。设空处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”，故填As。
4. because句意：我真的非常喜欢听音乐，因为它能帮我放松，使我不操心一天中的其他事。设空处前后是因果关系，故填 because。
5. before句意：如果你错过了这个机会，可能要等到多年后你才能得到另一个机会。此处应用 before引导时间状语从句，意为“……之后才……”。
6.once句意：我相信一旦你认识其他所有人，你会在这里玩得很愉快。根据语境可知设空处引导条件状语从句，故填once。
7.When/As句意：当他向江岸边的村民们打听那位神奇的画家住在哪里时，他们笑着指向江的下游。设空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When或As。
8.that句意：这些孩子太专注于他们的功课了，我只好袖手旁观。此处为so…that…引导结果状语从句，故填that。
9.If句意：如果猴子触摸屏幕的左边，它们会得到七滴水或果汁的奖励。根据句意可知设空处表示条件，故填If。注意首字母大写。
10. Although/Though/While句意：虽然这项工作要花相当长的时间，但是大部分学生认为这次经历是值得的。根据句意可知，主从句构成让步关系，故填Although或 Though或 While。
11. unless句意：天太冷了，你不能出去，除非你被厚厚的衣服包裹得严严实实。“unless fully covered."为省略结构，补充完整为“unless you are fully covered。
12. Where句意：在他曾经想要放弃的地方，他现在有决心继续努力前进。设空处引导地点状语从句且在从句中作地点状语，故填 Where。
13.Now that
14.so that
15.unless he wants their support
16.so hard that
17.Unless you can sleep well
18.so that they get sweet enough
19.If we don't stop climate change
20.until you figure it out
21.Although/though/while birds use their feathers
22.even though/if he’s in his nineties
23.as long as you keep practicing it
24.Once the damage is done
25.Just as
26. before we can solve it
27. should sign up for; because I like English
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