外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit3 The world meets China易混易错点辨析学案（有答案）

【名师原创】：Unit3 易混易错点辨析
●as if (=as though) ; even though (= even if)
【教材原句】
The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us. (教材P27)
【辨析】
两者都可以引导状语从句，但意思完全不同。
as if (=as though)意思是“仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句；在look, seem, feel, sound等系动词后引导表语从句。
even though (= even if) 意思是“即使，尽管，纵然”，引导让步状语从句。
温馨提示：as if/though引导的从句有时用虚拟语气
①如果句子所述内容是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时, as if/though从句谓语动词用陈述语气。
②如果从句所述内容是不真实的或不可能发生或存在的情况时,as if/though从句谓语动词用虚拟语气, 即根据不同情况谓语动词用一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反）、过去完成时（与过去事实相反）和would/could/might + 动词原形（与将来事实相反）。
【例句呈现】
Children universally prefer to live in peace and security, even if/though that means living with only one parent
孩子们普遍愿意过平静安宁的生活，即便这意味着只能与单亲生活在一起。
Even if/though you are on a fairly strict diet you can still go out for a good meal.
即使是在严格地节食，也可以出去吃顿好的。
Even if/though you have had a regular physical check-up recently, you should still seek a medical opinion.
即使近期做过一次常规体检，也应当征求医生的意见。
Nevertheless, it's good to know you've had good notices, even if/though you don't read them.
不过，即便你不看，知道有一些对你的好评也挺好。
Even if/Though I'm overstating the case for nutrition, at least it will result in the woman being in charge of her own symptoms
即便我夸大了营养的重要性，但至少它会让这个女人知道关注自己的症状。
Actually, there's no guarantee of success even if/though you can get the money.
实际上，即使你能得到那笔资金，也不一定会成功。
It felt as if/though we had reversed our roles of parent and child.
感觉就像我们父母和孩子交换了角色。
He looked as if/though nothing could faze him.
他显得镇静自若，遇事不惊。
It was uncanny really, almost as if/though she knew what I was thinking.
真是不可思议，她好像知道我在想什么似的。
He behaved as if/though nothing had happened.
他表现得若无其事。
There was a huge bang as if/though someone had exploded a rocket outside.
突然一声巨响，仿佛有人在外面引爆了火箭似的。
Why must you do everything as if/though you have to win
你为什么做每件事情都跟你非要赢似的？
It sounds as if/though it is raining.
听起来像在下雨。
He talks as if/though he is drunk.
从他说话的样子来看他是醉了。
You look as if/though you didn’t care.
你看上去好像并不在乎。
He talked as if/though he knew what had happened.
他说话的样子,好像他知道发生了什么事情。
He opened his mouth as if/though he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as if/though it might snow.
看来好像要下雪了。
【考点过关】
用even though/if, as though/if填空
1. Old enemies can become new friends ______ all their national interests are not in complete accord.
2. The child talked to us ______ he were a grown-up.
3. I only take on work that excites me, ______ it means turning down lots of money
4. He talked about the Great Wall ______ he had been there before.
5. ______ you have dark skin, you still need protection from the sun.
6. The girl listened _______ she had been turned to stone.
7. _______ you did see someone, you can't be sure it was him.
8. He looked ______ he was ill.
9. _______ the weather's awful there's lots to do.
10. It seems ______ it is going to rain.
11. ______ I had the talent to play tennis I couldn't stand the pressure
12. The house looked ______ it was about to fall down.
13. She travels around the world ______ money is no object.
【参考答案】
1. even if/though; 2. as if/though; 3. even if/though; 4. as if/though; 5. Even if/Though; 6. as if/though; 7. Even if/Though; 8. as if/though; 9. Even if/Though; 10. as if/though; 11. Even if/Though; 12. as if/though; 13. as if/though
●remain; stay
【教材原句】
However, the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery. (教材P27)
【辨析】
两者都有“（系动词）保持，仍然是；停留”的意思，这时两者可以换用，但其它意义和用法有区别。
remain 意思是“保持，仍然是；遗留，剩下；停留，逗留；留待，尚待”，常构成以下结构：
①remain + adj. = stay + adj. 保持….
②remain + n = stay + n 仍然是…..
③remain + prep. + 地点 = stay + prep. + 地点 待在某地，但是，可以说stay (at) home，不能说remain at home, 只能用remain home，去掉at, 两词组可换用。
④sth. remain to be done 某事尚待做
⑤it remain to be seen + wh-从句 …..有待观察/看/尚待定论
⑥there remains ….尚有…..
remain 可以做名词，意思是“遗迹，残留物”
stay 意思是“保持，仍然是；停留，逗留；留宿，暂住”，常构成以下结构：
①stay for dinner 留下来吃饭
②stay at home 待在家里
③stay at/in a hotel 住旅馆
④stay the night = stay overnight = stay over 过夜
⑤stay away 走开，不打扰
⑥stay in = stay (at) home待在家里，不外出
⑦stay on 留下来继续（工作，学习）
⑧stay out 待在户外，不回家
⑨stay out of…. 避开，远离，不介入
⑩stay up 熬夜
stay 也可以作名词，表示“停留，暂住”等。
【例句呈现】
Most of the house remains intact even after two hundred years.
虽然过了两百年，这房子的大部分还保持完好。
The temperature remained constant while pressure was a variable in the experiment.
做这实验时温度保持不变，但压力可变。
It remains to be seen whether his project will fly.
他的计划能否成功尚需拭目以待。
The disease often remains undetected for many years.
这种疾病经常潜伏多年而不被察觉。
There remains the problem of finance.
财政问题仍然存在。
It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice.
这一想法能否付诸实践还有待于观察。
We went on to Paris and stayed/remained there eleven days.
我们接着去了巴黎，在那里停留了十一天。
We stayed/remained in a village where time has stood still.
我们待在一个时间似乎凝滞了的村子里。
She stayed at home, afraid to show her face.
她待在家里，不敢露面。
We stayed up all night, setting the world to rights.
我们一夜没睡，谈论着如何拯救世界。
I want you to stay away from my daughter.
我要你离我女儿远远的。
His parents won't allow him to stay out late.
他的父母不会允许他在外待得很晚。
【考点过关】
用remain, stay的适当形式填空
1. She _______ home while the children were young.
2. I went to Ningxia and _______ there for one year.
3. We promised ________ friends for ever.
4. We must ________ competitive in the competitive society.
5. I ________ on the job for five months when they left.
6. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _______ away.
7. You should leave those naughty boys _______ out of trouble.
8. Last month, Tom wrote two articles during his short _______ in hospital.
9. So far many of his songs _______ popular.
10. We were told ________ in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts fastened.
11. I never see what has been done; I only see what_______ to be done.
12. It ________ to be seen whether you are right.
13. There ________ one significant problem now.
14. Please _______ calm when you meet with some difficulties.
15. You should ________ quiet when someone is making a speech.
【参考答案】
1. stayed/remained; 2. stayed/remained; 3. to stay/remain; 4. stay/remain; 5. Stayed; 6. to stay; 7. to stay; 8. stay; 9. have remained/stayed; 10. to remain/stay; 11. remains; 12. remains; 13. remains; 14. remain/stay; 15. stay/remain
●information; message
【教材原句】
Gan Ying, a military envoy, explored the Persian Gulf and became the first Chinese to get information on Europe. (教材P30)
【辨析】
两者都有“信息”的意思，但又有一定的区别。
information意思是“信息、消息、情报、资料、资讯，通知”， 是不可数名词，没有复数形式，前面不能直接加不定冠词“an”；“一条信息”的表达为：a piece of information/an item of information/an article of information或者some information。“许多信息”是many pieces of information，还有：a source of information消息来源；
collect/gather/obtain/receive information 收集/搜集/获取/接收信息；provide/give/pass on information 提供 / 给予 / 传递信息.
也可作“知识”解, 其后常接介词on/about/concerning等。
message意思是“（书面或口头的）信息、留言，消息、电邮（或手机）信息、（书籍、演讲的）要点”， 为可数名词，也可以做及物动词，表示 “向（某人）传送（电子信息）”的意思。
【例句呈现】
Further information is available from the local tourist office.
进一步详情可向当地的旅游办事处查询。
The conference is a good place to share information and exchange ideas.
研讨会是互通信息、交流思想的好场所。
The information is processed in a random order.
信息是按随机顺序处理的。
They questioned the accuracy of the information in the file.
他们怀疑档案中信息的正确性。
It's a lot of information to absorb all at once.
要一下子消化这么多资料，真是很难。
The message is coming through loud and clear.
消息传达得清楚明白。
A message is just coming through.
刚有消息传来。
Would it be possible for me to leave a message for her
我可以给她留个话儿吗？
What sort of message is that sending to young people
这给年轻人传达的是什么样的信息呢？
People who message someone a lot feel unpopular if they don't get many back.
如果人们发出大量短信但收到的回复却不多，就会觉得自己不受欢迎。
【考点过关】
根据information和message的用法填空
1. Pat refused to give her any ________ about Sarah.
2. I got a _______ you were trying to reach me.
3. He refused to comment before all the relevant ________ was seen.
4. There were no ________ for me at the hotel.
5. So far further ________ has not been provided.
6. We've had an urgent ________ saying that your father's ill.
7. Several people came forward with much _________.
8. There were four ________ in my inbox.
9. In order to get a complete picture, further _______ is needed.
10. Last night Jack _______ me to tell that he had caught a bad cold.
【参考答案】
1. information; 2. message; 3. information; 4. messages; 5. information; 6. message; 7. information; 8. messages; 9. information; 10. messaged
●attempt to do sth. ; manage to do sth.
【教材原句】
After six attempts, over a period of twelve years, Chinese monk Jianzhen arrived in Japan, where he promoted exchange and understanding between China and Japan. (教材P30)
【辨析】
两个词组都可表示“设法做”之意，均可接动词不定式作宾语。但表示的含义有区别。
attempt to do sth. “努力/试图/设法做某事”，但未必一定会能成功，只强调努力的过程，对其结果无限制, 所做之事不一定有困难, 相当于try/do one’s best to do sth.或try to do sth. 是比较正式的书面用语（try 用法更普遍，更口语化）。attempt也可以做名词，意思是“尝试，努力”。
manage to do sth. “设法做成某事”，强调所做事情的结果，相当于succeed in doing sth. 或be successful in doing sth.
【例句呈现】
I am attempting to finish my homework.
我正努力完成我的家庭作业。
I attempt not to convince myself that she doesn't love me anymore.
我尽量不让自己相信她不再爱我了。
He didn’t attempt to do it.
他不肯努力去干
please attempt to finish this work in thirty minutes.
请尽量在30分钟完成这项工作。
I managed to get in contact with the lady, who’s in charge of this project in the company.
我成功地同那家公司负责这个项目的女士取得了联系。
He managed to save her in time.
他设法及时挽救了她.
He attempted to open the box with a knife.
他试图用刀子打开箱子。
Time given to us defines how long we will stay with our families, how many good things we will manage to do, and how much interesting things we will see and learn.
时间决定了我们能与家人厮守多久，我们能完成多少美妙的事情，以及我们能看到听到多少有趣的事情。
It should be possible for most people to manage to do it.
大多数人应该都能做到。
【考点过关】
根据 attempt to do sth. ; manage to do sth.用法用其适当形式填空
1. He ______ to climb the tree, but he could not.
2. If you don't ______ to do everything, it doesn't matter. Move any incomplete tasks from today onto tomorrow's list.
3. I see what you mean, but if you _______to do it, you won’t regret.
4. Fantastic! Ho does Beijing Municipal Government ______ to do it
5. How did you _______to do it without help
6. How on earth did they _______ to do that
7. If you can ________ to do all three, you'll raise your intelligence by leaps and bounds.
8. How do you ________ to do such a thing
9. I feel the same way. But if we insist on speaking, we can _______ to do it.
10. Although you may fail, when you start to race for a new team, you ______to be successful as soon as possible.
【参考答案】
1. attempted; 2. manage; 3. attempt; 4. manage; 5. manage; 6. manage; 7. manage; 8. manage; 9. manage; 10. attempt
●lead to; cause (vt)
【教材原句】
These voyages led to a legacy of cultural exchange between China and other countires. (教材P30)
【辨析】
两者都有“导致，引起”的意思，在这种意思前提下，一般可以互换，但是在其它意思上有一定区别。
lead to …. 意思是“导致，引起；通向”，导致的后果可好可坏也可以是中性的，to 是介词，后面一般接名词。
温馨提示：
①lead sb./sth. to do sth. 引起某人/某物做某事
②lead sb./sth. to/into + 地点 把某人/某物领到某地/进入某地
cause 意思是“导致，引起”，一般导致的是坏的结果。也可以构成词组cause sb./sth. to do sth. 意思是“引起/导致某人或某物做某事”。
温馨提示：指坏的结果时，两者可以互换；做“通向” 讲时，不可互换。
【例句呈现】
He has warned that the serious rifts within the country could lead to civil war.
他已经发出了警告，国家内部严重的不和可能会引发内战。
Straining to lift heavy weights can lead to a rise in blood pressure.
用力提重物会导致血压升高。
He agreed that these policies will lead to gridlock in the future.
他认为这些政策将来会导致僵局。
Tampering with a single enzyme can lead to untoward effects elsewhere.
破坏一种酶可能会导致在别处出现异常。
There are recognized black spots in marriages which can lead to trouble
婚姻中有一些公认的容易引发问题的雷区。
So head northwest until you find a river which should lead to the coast.
一直向西北方向走，直到你发现一条小河，这条小河通向海岸。
Repairs and improvements can lead to higher rental rates.
修缮后可以提高租价。
Fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building.
大火导致那栋大楼里的东西严重损毁。
A combination of internal and external factors caused the company to close down.
内外因结合导致了公司的倒闭。
The drug may cause an aggravation of the condition.
这种药可能导致病情恶化。
The disease can cause sterility in men and women.
这种疾病可能导致男女不育。
Heavy snow has caused total chaos on the roads.
大雪导致道路上交通一片混乱。
Anxiety can be caused by lack of sleep.
睡眠不足可能导致焦虑。
Researchers are still trying to isolate the gene that causes this abnormality.
研究人员仍然在试图分离导致这种畸形的基因。
【考点过关】
根据lead to和cause的用法, 用其适当形式填空
1. A faulty connection _______ the machine to stop that day.
2. If you string these experiences together, you can find a new life road will ______ your future.
3. The poor harvest ________ prices to rise sharply during those days.
4. He still believed that honesty and industry would ______ success.
5. Vitamin deficiency in the diet can ________ illness.
6. Excuse me, does this road _______ the railway station
7. Heavy seas can _______ cancellation of ferry services.
8. There were fears that privatization would _______ job losses.
9. Defeat could _______ one side to escalate the conflict.
10. Abuse can _______ both psychological and emotional problems.
11. Strong coffee or tea late at night may _______ sleeplessness
12. A poor diet will ultimately ________ illness.
13. Generally, a lack of magnesium _______ muscles to go into spasm.
14. Excessive drinking can ________ stomach disorders.
15. In its present form, the law could _______ new injustices.
【参考答案】
1. caused; 2. lead to; 3. caused; 4. lead to; 5. lead to/cause; 6. lead to; 7. lead to/cause; 8. cause/lead to; 9. cause; 10. cause/lead to; 11. lead to/cause; 12. cause/lead to; 13. causes; 14. cause/lead to; 15. cause/lead to
●fall in love with….; be in love with…..
【教材原句】
I gradually fell in love with Chinese literature when I started working as a translator. (教材P32)
【辨析】
两者都是“爱上….（某人或某物）; 与….相恋”的意思，但是用法稍有区别。
fall in love with…. 意思是“爱上某人或某物”，不能与时间段连用。
be in love with….. 意思是“与….相恋”，强调状态，可以与时间段连用。
【例句呈现】
How could she have been so foolish as to fall in love with him
她怎么这么傻，竟爱上了他？
Slowly but surely she started to fall in love with him
虽然过程缓慢，但她无疑开始爱上他了。
I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.
我学到了一点，如果你有了爱好就坚持下去，总会有进步。
Do not fall in love with people like me.
不要爱上像我这样的人
And maybe every time you fall in love with somebody,
每当你爱上某人时。
That no one is perfect until you fall in love with them.
只有深爱一个人时才会认为他是完美的.
How could you not fall in love with her smile
你怎能不爱上她的笑容
Then, I was in love with the world
那时候我还深爱着这个世界
I was in love with the technology.
我非常喜欢这个技术
The world was in love with me.
世界也爱着我
Anyone would think you were in love with the girl.
谁都会以为你和那个姑娘恋爱了。
You were never in love with him, were you
你从来没爱过他对吗
Who were you in love with
你曾爱过的女人是谁？
There are also some foreigners who really fall in love with China and don't want to leave.
有些老外也会真正地爱上中国，不想离开。
But why do people fall in love with such ridiculous fantasies, especially in China
但是为什么人们，尤其是中国人，就是喜欢看这些可笑的幻想故事呢？
Marry someone who you can fall in love with several times over, because they're so good.
找一个你能多次相恋的好人结婚吧。
You really are in love with him.
你真的爱上他了
【考点过关】
根据fall in love with….，be in love with….用法, 用其适当形式填空。
1. But he's about to _________ in love with me!
2. Your never know--you may just _________ in love with a new brand.
3. I didn't know I was going to ________ in love with you last year.
4. Make people ___________ in love with baking again.
5. You can't force somebody to ________ in love with you.
6. Why do you ________ in love with him, rather than another
7. Do not ________ in love with people like me.
8. You came back here to _______ in love with me all over again, didn't you
9. You _________ in love with my daughter.
10. And many people ________ madly in love with it for these years.
11. They _______ already deeply in love with each other for five years.
12. Lily _______ in love with Paul in spite of his deformity.
13. I'm of the opinion that my son ______ very much in love with you.
14. John _______ in love with his work.
15. Sally _______ in love with her new car those days.
16. The man _______ in love with the lady next door to him last week.
17. He thinks she ______ in love with him, but it's only a dream.
18. We ________ in love with everything three years ago.
19. We had played together as children and later he told me he __________ in love with me.
20. They _______ deeply in love with each other those years and led a sweet life.
【参考答案】
1. fall/be; 2. be/fall; 3. fall/be; 4. be/fall; 5. fall/be; 6. be/fall; 7. fall/be; 8. fall/be; 9. are/fall; 10. have been; 11. have been; 12. falls/is; 13. is/falls; 14. is/falls/was/fell; 15. was; 16. fell/was; 17. falls/is; 18. were/fell; 19. was/fell; 20. were
●especially; specially
【教材原句】
I particularly like classical Chinese literature, especially works from the Ming and Qing dynasties. (教材P33)
【辨析】
两者词形相似，但意义和用法不同。
especially副词，意思是 “尤其；特别；格外地”，往往用来对前面所述情况进行说明或补充，不强调目的性，只强调超乎寻常，通常用来修饰名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或者是句子。
specially副词，意思是“专门地；特意地；特别地”，强调目的的唯一性，暗含“，只是为了…而不为别的”。一般修饰动词或介词短语。
温馨提示：especially和specially一般不换用，但是especially可以和particularly通用。
【例句呈现】
We are especially encouraged by the strong representation, this year, of women in information technology disciplines
今年，女性在信息技术领域的突出表现尤其让我们备受鼓舞。
She was especially fond of a little girl named Betsy.
她尤其偏爱一个名叫贝齐的小女孩。
Millions of wild flowers color the valleys, especially in April and May
尤其是在四五月份，不计其数的野花盛开，山谷里一片绚烂色彩。
Under all the innocent fun, there are hidden dangers, especially for children
在所有简单无害的娱乐项目背后都隐藏着危险，特别是对儿童而言。
Re-apply sunscreen every two hours, especially if you have been swimming.
每两个小时重新涂一次防晒油，尤其是在游泳的时候。
The committee is concerned about players' behavior, especially arguing with referees
委员会很关注运动员的行为，特别是与裁判争吵的行为。
Many women, especially as they get older, develop lumpy veins in their legs.
许多妇女，尤其是年纪大了以后，腿上会现出疙疙瘩瘩的青筋。
The ring was specially made for her.
这枚戒指是为她订做的。
Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
The play was written specially for radio.
这出戏是专为无线电广播而写的。
The compost is specially formulated for pot plants.
此混合肥料专门用于盆栽植物。
They thought he had escaped through a specially constructed tunnel.
他们认为他是通过一条专门修建的地道逃跑的。
Patrick needs to use specially adapted computer equipment
帕特里克需要使用专门改装过的计算机设备。
We came specially to learn from you.
我们是特地来向您学习的。
【考点过关】
用especially, specially填空
1. I made this _______ for your birthday.
2. Their main exports are textiles, _______ silk and cotton.
3. She came to London ________ to see Buckingham Palace.
4. We are not _______ interested in watching movies.
5. You can borrow my laptop for you exam, and you don’t need to buy one ______.
6. She was _______ fond of collecting stamps.
7. The smart-phone is ________ designed for software professionals.
8. It’s __________ hot today.
9. Patrick needs to use _______ adapted computer equipment.
10. Millions of wild flowers color the valleys, ________ in April and May.
11. He came here _________ to say sorry to her.
12. He likes all subjects, _________ English.
13. He returned to her hometown _________ to see her sick mother
14. These books will be __________ helpful to those who wish to improve their English.
15. I came here __________ to ask for your advice.
16. The Great Wall had been added to, __________ during the Ming Dynasty.
【参考答案】
1. specially; 2. especially; 3. specially; 4. especially; 5. specially; 6. especially; 7. specially; 8. especially; 9. specially; 10. especially; 11. specially; 12. especially; 13. specially; 14. especially; 15. specially; 16. especially
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