外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册 学案Unit3 单元考点突破学案素材

名师原创：Unit3 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. attract vt. 吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣)
【原句再现】
In what other areas is China attracting attention around the world (教材 P25)
【词块积累】
attraction n. 喜爱；吸引力；魅力; 吸引人之物
a tourist attraction 旅游名胜/旅游景点
attractive adj. 迷人的；有魅力的；有吸引力的
attractively adv. 迷人地，有魅力地
attract sb. to...吸引某人到……
be attracted to...喜爱……；被……吸引
attract attention吸引/引起注意
【精品例句】
It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市不游客没有吸引力
What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel.
这项工作最吸引我的是有旅游机会
I have no attraction for him. 我对他没有吸引力
This is one of the most attractive places I’ve been to. 这是我到过的最迷人的地方之一
Her beauty attracted many passers--by. 她的美貌吸引了很多路人
He was very handsome, but I wasn’t deeply attracted to him. 他很帅，但没有吸引到我
They tend to attract attention wherever they go. 他们无论到哪儿都想惹人注意
She felt an immediate attraction for him.
【高考链接】
Thousands of foreigners were ___ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.(江苏卷)
A. attended B. attained C. attracted D. attached ( C)
The company is starting a new advertising campaign to ___ new customers to its stores.
A. join B. attract C. stick D. transfer (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Hampton Court Palace is open to the public as a major tourist ____ (attract). (attraction)
Buckingham Palace is a major tourist _____ (attractively). (attraction)
I thought he was very _____ (attract) and obviously very intelligent. (attractive)
2. imagine vt. 想象; 设想；胡思乱想; 误以为；料想;认为
【原句再现】
You can only imagine how travelers felt when they saw the oasis of Dunhuang ahead of them. (教材P26)
【词块积累】
imagination n 想象; 想象力; 想象出来的事物; 幻想:
a creative/ vivid imagination创造性/生动的想象
be successful beyond imagination出乎意料地成功
imaginative adj. 富于想象力的; 爱想象的
imaginary adj.想象中的;虚构的
an imaginary world/ friend虚构的世界/假想的朋友
imagine (sb) doing sth
imagine + that / wh-从句
imagine...to be
【精品例句】
He’s letting his imagination fly.他正展开想象
Imagination is more important than knowledge.
想象力比知识更重要
You didn’t really see anything—it was only imagination.
实际上你什么也没看到，那只不过是个幻觉而已
Can you imagine life without electricity 你能想象没有电的生活会是什么样子吗
I can’t imagine living without TV! 我无法想象没有电视的生活!
I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
我几乎不能想象彼得五天之内横渡了大西洋
Try to imagine that you are all alone on a deserted island.
试着想象一下你孤身一人在荒岛上的情形
I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.
我经常想象我将来的生活会是什么样子
I had imagined her to be older.我本以为她的年龄还要大一些
【高考链接】
-- Look! He's running so fast! --Hard to ____ his legs were once broken. (山东卷)
A. know B. imagine C. realize D. find ( B )
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It is difficult to imagine his _____ (accept) the decision without any consideration.
(浙江卷) (accepting)
3. astonish vt. 使大为惊讶；使惊骇
【原句再现】
The murals cover an astonishing area of 45,000 square metres. (教材P26)
【词块积累】
astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的；惊人的
astonished adj. 感到惊讶的
astonishment n. 惊讶
to one’s astonishment 令人惊讶的是…
【精品例句】
What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
他在会上所说的话令在场的人都感到吃惊
I was astonished to see him here.
在这看到他我很惊讶
I am astonished that he didn’t come.
他没来我感到很惊讶
You look astonished at/by the news.
你看上去对这个消息很惊讶
【高考链接】
He stared _____ complete astonishment at the child. (江西课改卷) (in)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
To my _______ (astonish), he was so impolite. (astonishment)
4. vary from...to... 由……到……情况不等
【原句再现】
The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life. (教材P26)
【词块积累】
variety n. 多样性; 变化; 种类
a variety of＝varieties of….. 许多的；各种各样的
a new variety of rose玫瑰的新品种
various adj.不同的; 各种各样的
various kinds of theme parks各种各样的主题公园
variously adv各种各样地
variation n.变化; 差别
the seasonal variation季节性变化
vary in sth. 在某方面不同
vary with sth. 随……而变化
vary between...and...＝vary from...to... 由……到……情况不等
【精品例句】
Chinese food is famous for its wide variety.中餐以菜系多样而闻名(重庆)
Variety is the spice of life.变化是生活的调味品
After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them.
毕竟，两个国家各自内部的口音差别可能 跟两国之间的口音差别一样大
Opinions vary on that point.在那一点上意见各不相同
The weather here varies from hour to hour. 这儿的天气时刻都在变化
【高考链接】
More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great____ of goods.
(湖北卷) (A)
variety B. mixture C. extension D. combination
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The club offers a wide _____ (vary) of games to the local teenagers. (variety)
As a child, Chamberlain had _____ (variety) various health problems. (various)
5. be about to do sth. 就要做某事/即将做某事，常与when 引导的从句连用，表示“某人正要做某事突然发生了另一件事”
【原句再现】
The Aparas are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us. (教材P27)
【词块积累】
be about (接时间/距离) 大约…
be about sb./sth. 关于…
【精品例句】
It’s about ten o’clock now. 现在大约十点钟
It’s about twenty minutes’ walk from here. 距此步行大约需要二十分钟
This book is about the history of America. 这是一本关于中国历史的书
I was about to go out when it began to rain yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我正要出门，天下雨了
【高考链接】
Tom was about to close the window _________ his attention was caught by a bird.
(全国卷) （when）
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
They were about _____ (go) out when the earthquake happened. (to go)
6. image n 影像; 形象; 印象
【原句再现】
These images are full of life, reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time. (教材P27)
【词块积累】
project an image 树立形象
be the very/living image of … 酷似某人/某物
in the age of …与….同形
【精品例句】
He saw the image of his face in the mirror.他在镜子里看到了自己的脸
Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us.有趣的是，我们的自我形象和别人对我们的印象往往大相径庭
【高考链接】
Littering makes our school dirty, and does harm to the ____________ (imagination) of our school. (浙江课改卷) (image)
【考点训练】
翻译句子
根据圣经说，人是按照上帝的模样创造出来的
(According to the Bible, man was made in the image of God.)
他长相酷似他父亲
(He is the very image of his father.)
7. date from…. 起源于；追溯到
【原句再现】
Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD，these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade. (教材P27)
【词块积累】
date from….＝date back to…. 起源于；追溯到
set a date for …. 确定……的日期
have a date with sb. 与某人约会
out of date 过时的
up to date 现代的；最新的
date from和date back to这两个短语，通常使用一般现在时，没有进行时态，也没有被动形式。常用其现在分词形式作后置定语。
【精品例句】
We are visiting an old garden dating from the 12th century.
我们正在参观一个起源于12世纪)．
All the cupboards and appliances dated from the 1950s.
所有这些橱柜和家用电器都是 20世纪 50 年代的物品。
These sculptures must date from the middle of the 7th century.
这些雕刻品肯定可以追溯到7世纪中叶。
The temple dates from the Tang Dynasty.
这座寺庙起源于唐朝。
【高考链接】
The old town _______ (date) back to the late seventeenth century. (浙江卷) (dates)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The fact is that your passport has been _____ of date，so you can't use it. (out)
Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up ______ date with modern technology. (to)
8. reason n．原因；理由 v．推理；推论
【原句再现】
However, the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery. (教材P27)
【词块积累】
reason with …. 和……理论(或讲理)
reasonable 合情合理的
the reason why...is that...表示“……的原因是……”, 其中why引 导定语从句, that引导表语从句。
the reason that/which...表示“……的原因”, that/which引导定语从句, 并在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
the reason that...表示“……的原因”， that后接同位语从句，解释其内容。
the reason for….……的原因
【精品例句】
The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn't learn it well.
考试失败的原因是他没有学好。
I'd like to know the reason why you're so late.
我想知道你为什么迟到这么长时间。
Give me one good reason why I should help you.
我为什么要帮你？给我一个充分的理由。
【高考链接】
The reason _______ we choose this movie is that it represents the development of our beloved school, which is not only interesting but also meaningful. (陕西卷) (why)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
That's the reason _____ more and more people are interested in the Tang Dynasty. (why)
9. bring...to life 使复苏；(使)变得生动；(使)变得有趣
【原句再现】
This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative. (教材P27)
【词块积累】
bring about 　引起；导致(事故、变化等)
bring back 使某物恢复；使回忆起某事
bring down 使……降低；使……倒下
bring in 引入；赚得；挣得
bring out 使显现出；取出；阐明；出版
【精品例句】
With my pictures I hope to bring to life ancient civilizations.
我希望用我的绘画去再现古代文明。
The prompt use of artificial respiration can often bring a victim of drowning to life.
及时的人工呼吸常能使溺水者苏醒过来。
His novels bring the Victorian age to life.
他的小说把维多利亚时代的生活写活了。
【高考链接】
The reason why the goods are sold at such low prices is that the manufacturers are willing to bring _____ the prices in return for big volume of purchases. (浙江卷) (down)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Sharing with friends helped me bring ________ my confidence and fit in with others. (back)
The sale of the house only brought ______ about $45，000. (in)
10. given adj. 已经安排好的；规定的；指定的；所述的；特定的prep.考虑到；鉴于
【原句再现】
Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road，Dunhuang was the ideal place. (教材P27)
【词块积累】
be given to sth./to doing sth. 经常做；习惯于
give back 归还；使恢复
give in (to) 屈服；让步；交上
give off 发出(气味、光、热)；散发
give out分发；用完；耗尽；发布
give up 放弃；认输
give way to…. 给……让路/让步；被……代替
【精品例句】
It was surprising the government was reelected，given that they had raised taxes so much.
令人惊奇的是政府把税收提高这么多仍再次当选了。
Given her interest in children，teaching seems the right job for her.
考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是很适合她的工作。
They were to meet at a given time and place.
他们要在规定的时间和地点会晤。
【高考链接】
The burning plastic gave ________ poisonous gas, which is harmful to our health. (浙江卷) (off)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He wouldn't give out any information. (out)
He's given to _______ (go) for long walks on his own. (going)
11. strengthen v．加强；增强；巩固
【原句再现】
Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road，Dunhuang was the ideal place. (教材P27)
【词块积累】
strengths and weaknesses 优势和劣势
build up one's strength 增强体质
have the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力量
with all one's strength 竭尽全力
strength n. 体力，力气；长处，优势；力量；毅力
strong adj. 强壮的；坚强的
【精品例句】
While DNA test will help strengthen people's health consciousness，it is more probable that it will lead to over anxiety.
尽管DNA检测将有助于增强人们的健康意识，然而也很可能会导致过度焦虑。
Yoga can be used to strengthen the immune system.
瑜伽能增强人体免疫系统。
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.
一种观点就是睡眠有助于加强新的记忆。
【高考链接】
The scientist recommended that the government should _______ (strong) the management of
environment.（浙江卷）(strengthen)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Great determination and ambition are his great_______ (strength)．(strengths)
Every morning I'm working out to build up my ______ (strong). (strength)
12. dozen n. 一打；十二个；十几个；几十个；很多
【原句再现】
Now, China cooperates with dozens of countries in the world to develop HSR services oveseas. (教材原句P32)
【词块积累】
a dozen students 十几个学生
Two dozen bottles of orange 两打瓶装橙汁
dozens of… 很多….
some dozens of people 几十个人
for dozens of years 好几十年以来
some dozens of….数打….
in dozens 成打地，一打一打地
【精品例句】
More than a dozen students in that school were sent abroad to study medicine last year.
去年，那所学校派了十几个学生出国学医
The hurricane blew away dozens of farming villages and brought down thousands of tress.
飓风刮走很多村庄，刮到了数千棵树
How many dozen(s) do you want
你要几打？
I want a dozen eggs please.
请给我拿十二个鸡蛋
There were dozens of people there.
那里有很多人
【高考链接】
She went to the bookstore and bought dozens _____ books .(安徽卷) (of)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Dozens ______ houses were broken down last year to build the new garden. (of)
13. reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的
【原句再现】
Zhang Qian, a diplomat, gave a reliable account of the lands of Central Asia for the Han court. (教材P39)
【词块积累】
reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的
a reliable friend　可靠的朋友
be reliable as….作为……是可靠的
rely v. 信任；信赖；依赖；依靠
rely on it that... 相信…..
rely on/upon sb./sth. = depend on/upon sb./sth. 依靠/依赖某人/某事
rely on/upon sb. to do sth. = depend on/upon sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事
【精品例句】
The young man is honest, cooperative, and is always there when you need his help. In short, he's reliable.
那个年轻人诚实，且有合作精神，当你需要他帮忙的时候，他总是在那儿。简言之，他很可靠。
It has a highly reliable control system.
它具备一套极可靠的控制系统。
He's a good musician and totally reliable．
他是个出色的音乐家，而且非常可靠。
The land, the essential means of production, is the most reliable living security that the peasants can rely on．
土地作为基本的生产资料，是农民可以依赖的最可靠的生活保障。
【高考链接】
It would be better to rely _______ ourselves than on others. (天津卷) (on/upon)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
This statement is not reliable _______ evidence. (as)
You may rely on _______ that he will help you. (it)
14. attempt vt.企图，尝试n.努力，尝试
【原句再现】
After six attempts, over a period of twelve years, Chinese monk Jianzhen arrive in Japan, where he promoted exchange and understanding between China and Japan. (教材P30)
【词块积累】
attempted adj. 企图的，未遂的
attempt at doing sth./to do sth.　尝试或努力做某事
make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 尝试或努力做某事
at one's/the first attempt 第一次尝试
make no attempt to do sth. 不做任何尝试
【精品例句】
He didn’t attempt the last question in the examination.
在考试中，他放弃了最后一道题
In an attempt to attract more customers，they took a variety of measures.
为了吸引更多顾客，他们采取了各种措施
The two friends made an unsuccessful attempt at a compromise.
这两个朋友试图和解但未成功
Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.
为削减费用，关闭了两家工厂
【高考链接】
A man is being questioned in relation to the ____ murder last night. (全国卷)
A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted (C)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He made an attempt ______ (pass) the 2019 College Entrance Examination，but he didn't succeed in the end. (to pass)
15. accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
【原句再现】
One of Qian’s great achievements was to produce comparative studies of classical Chinese text, which made these works more accessible to Western readers. (教材P30)
【词块积累】
access n．通道；(使用、查阅、接近或面见的) 机会；vt.进入；使用；获取
gain/get/have/obtain access to….可以到达/使用/得到(机会，权利等)
give access to… 得以接近；准许进入
be accessible to sb. 易被某人接近/使用/进入等
【精品例句】
Students at the Belfast campus have access to excellent sports facilities.
在贝尔法斯特校园的学生可以使用极好的体育设施。
The facilities have been adapted to give access to wheelchair users.
这些设施已经改造过以方便轮椅使用者进入。
Students must have access to good resources.
学生必须拥有良好的资源。
Such information is not really accessible，as ordinary people have no access to it.
这种信息不是很容易得到的，因为普通人无法得到这种信息
【高考链接】
Kids shouldn't have access ________ violent films because they might imitate the things they see. (湖南卷) (to)
Nowadays，most services are rated on the Internet，which are easy ________ (access). ( 陕西卷) (to access)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The remote desert area is ________ (access) only by helicopter. (accessible)
I have no access _____ the data bank. (to)
●本单元其它重要词组
16. be testimony to… 是….的证明；证明/证实
If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together. (教材)
The pyramids are testimony to the Ancient Egyptians’ engineering skills.
17. fade from…. 从…..中逐渐消失
Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city. (教材)
We watched them fade from view as they walked away.
18. prior to….. 在….之前
Prior to that, the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer’s epic poems. (教材)
All work should be finished prior to our departure.
19. be exposed to…. 暴露于….；接触到…..；面临…..；遭受….
Prior to that, the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer’s epic poems. (教材)
Some children are never exposed to great works of literature.
20. strike a chord 引起共鸣； 触动心弦
Because of this , Chinese literary works really strike a chord in the hearts of Egyptian readers. (教材)
Her comments about this new book will strike a chord with other young readers.
●句型点拨
1. 介词短语置于句首的倒装句式
【原句再现】
In a sealed cave, now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls ,as well as silk embroideries. (教材P27)
句式分析：本句话的正常语序是：Thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls ,as well as silk embroideries were hidden in a sealed cave, now known as the famous Library Cave.。
【能力拓展】
※out，in，down，up，away，here，now，then，there等表示方位、地点和时间的副词置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。
※表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。
※作表语的形容词、分词短语提到系动词前面时，句子也用完全倒装，即“形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语”结构。
※代词such置于句首，且在句中作表语时，句子用完全倒装。
温馨告知：
※此类用法中的谓语动词一般为be动词或lie，come，go，stand等动词，且句子的主语为名词。
※如果句子的主语为人称代词，不用倒装语序。如：Look at the little dog! Here it runs.
【精品例句】
Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.
一些来自中国的科学家出席了会议。
Such is our lively city, which you are welcome to visit whenever at your convenience.
这就是我们这座充满活力的城市，只要您方便，随时欢迎来参观。
In came a girl, wearing a white skirt.
一个穿着白色裙子的小姑娘走了进来。
Into the dark apartment walked my friend，who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday.
我朋友走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊生日快乐时，他感到很惊讶。
Out rushed the boy.
男孩冲出去了。
【高考链接】
Next door to ours _____ (live) a foreign student, who seems to have settled into life in China. (陕西卷) (lives)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Between France and Spain ______ (be) another mountain range—the Pyrenees. (is)
There_________ (stand)a tree. (stands)
2. so...that 引导的结果状语从句
【原句再现】
The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang，such as ceramics，medicine，perfumes and fruit，to name just a few. (教材P27)
句式分析：本句是so...that 引导的结果状语从句。
【能力拓展】
引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that，so...that...，such...that...。在非正式语体中，由so...that...，such...that...引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构：
为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
【精品例句】
He is so tired that he does not want to go with us.
他太疲劳，所以他不想和我们一起去。
He is so dishonest that nobody wants to make friends with him.
他太不诚实了，没有人和他做朋友。
He speaks so clearly that everyone can understand him.
他说得很清楚，每个人都能听懂。
【高考链接】
________ clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult questions. (陕西卷) (So)
【考点训练】
It is ______ fine weather that we all want to go to the park. (such)
He earned _____ little money that he couldn't support his family. (so)
Mike is _______ honest a worker that we all believe in him. (so)
3. 倍数表达方法
【原句再现】
In the Ming Dynasty，trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be. (教材P27)
句式分析：本句是用了as...as 的结构表达倍数。
【能力拓展】
常见表示“倍数”的句型：
※倍数＋as＋many/much＋n.＋as
※倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as
※倍数＋形容词比较级/副词比较级＋than
※倍数＋the size/length/height/depth/width＋of
表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语。
【精品例句】
In other words，there are three times as many girls as boys.
换句话说，女孩的数量是男孩的三倍。
The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand.
研究人员发现，笔记本电脑用户记笔记的次数比手写的人要多一倍。
The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one.
红尺是黄尺的三倍长。
【高考链接】
The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster ________ traditional garbage as a whole. (陕西卷) (than)
【考点训练】
My school has expanded into a big one, which is three times as big _______the previous one. (as)
It is wise to have as many good friends ______ we can. (as)
●状语从句（详见语法课件）
18 / 18