外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册 学案Unit4 Everyday economics 易混易错点辨析学案（有答案）

【名师原创】：Unit4 易混易错点辨析
●seat；sit
【教材原句】
She couldn’t, however, hide the line of sweat running down her forehead, which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio, but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her. (教材P38)
【辨析】
两者都有“坐”的意思，但用法有区别。
seat除了作名词表示“座位”外，也可以做及物动词，意思是“使…坐下；使（多少）人坐得下”。主语可以是人，也可以是地点。
sit意思是“坐”，一般做不及物动词，sit around的意思是“闲坐着”
【例句呈现】
The old man seated himself reading a newspaper at a desk.
这位老人坐在桌旁看报纸。
Come in and please be seated．
请坐进来坐吧。
Our school auditorium seats one thousand pupils.
我们学校的礼堂可容纳一千个学生。
His students are seated at their desks doing their homework now.
现在，学生们坐在桌旁写作业。
She was seated at the head of the table.
她坐在桌子的上座。
The aircraft seats 200 passengers.
这架飞机能坐200名乘客。
He is sitting on the grass of our garden.
他坐正花园的草地上。
I could sit and watch the river all day long.
我可以整天坐在这里看那条河。
I don't get much exercise sitting in the office all day.
我整天坐在办公室很少运动。
He sat taking notes of everything that was said.
他坐在那儿记下了所说的每一件事。
Six people, and more at a pinch, could be seated comfortably at the table.
这张桌子可以很舒服地坐6个人，而且必要时多坐几个也不会挤。
He was comfortably seated in a soft reclining chair.
他舒舒服服地坐在柔软的躺椅上。
They were seated at a table outside a pub in a pleasant piazza close by St Paul's
在圣保罗教堂旁一个怡人的广场上，他们坐在一家酒馆外的桌边。
【考点过关】
根据seat和sit的用法用其适当形式填空
1. Our _______ (supply) were running out.
2. Teachers provide a model ______ children to imitate.
3. The charity aims ________ (provide) assistance to people in need.
4. The cars will _______ (supply) to people all over the country.
5. Cows supply us _______ milk.
6. In Britain milk is supplied ______ each house in bottles.
7. We _______ (offer, provide) customers a free home delivery service.
8. The statistics offer further support _______ our theory.
9. We _______ (offer , supply, provide) a personal service to all our customers.
10. His company offers a flexible packaging service _______ the food industry.
【参考答案】
1. to sit; 2. seat; 3. sitting; 4. seats; 5. seated; 6. to sit; 7. seated; 8. seated; 9. sitting; 10. was seated; 11. was seated; 12. seated; 13. Seated
●which 和as引导定语从句异同
【教材原句】
She couldn’t, however, hide the line of sweat running down her forehead, which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio, but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her. (教材P38)
The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience. (教材P39)
As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity, the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision. (教材P45)
【辨析】
两者都可引导限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句，有时可换用，但用法有一定区别。
which 引导非限定性定语从句
①当主句和非限定性定语从句之间有因果关系或出人意料时，关系代词用
which
②在非限制性定语从句中，当先行词为整个主句，即指代整个主句内容时，关系词as和which，有时可互换。
③ as 引导的非限定性定语从句可以放句首，句中和句尾，而which 引导的非限定性定语从句只能放主句后面。
as 引导定语从句
① 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词前有as, such, the same时，关系词一般用as
温馨提示：如果the same…. as…. 结构中的as 换成that, 句子也正确，但是意思发生了变化，表示先行词和定语从句是同一个事物，请观察以下句子。
This is the same computer as he bought last week.
这台电脑和他上周买的是一样的。
This is the same computer that he bought last week.
这就是他上周买的电脑。
②当非限定性定语从句中的谓语是know, see, tell, show, expect等时，常用关系词as，这时，as 往往有“像….一样，正如….”的意思。
③as is often the case 引导的非限定性定语从句中，as 不能换成which
【例句呈现】
This is as good a house as we can find.
这是我们能找到的好房子。
I have just the same feeling as you do.
我们和你们感觉的一样。
As he told us, the meeting went on well.
正如他告诉我们的，会议进展很顺利。
She has been late again, as was expected.
她又迟到了，正如所预料的那样。
The thief came again, as was expected.
小偷有一次来了，这是预料之中的。
All the photos are about the firefighters, as he showed us at home that day.
正如他那天在家里给我们看的那样，所有这些照片都是关于消防战士的。
He tore up my photo, which upset me.
他把我的照片撕掉，这使我很不满。
He is an honest boy, which/as is obvious.
很明显，他是一个诚实的孩子。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
The earth turns around the sun every day, as is known to all.
众所周知，地球每天绕着太阳转。
【考点过关】
根据as 和 which 引导定语从句的用法填空。
The lady doesn't like such a young man ______ often drinks too much.
This is the same car _______ he lent you yesterday.
The old man first jumped into the river to save the child, ______ we can see.
He didn’t come, _______ I had expected.
He said nothing, _______ made her angry.
She failed in the exam, ______ was natural.
This kind of computer, ______ is well-known, is out of date.
The old professor beat his wife that day, ______ was unexpected.
He was late for school again, ______ is often the case.
Taiwan is a part of China, ________ is known to all.
【参考答案】
1. as; 2. as/that; 3. as; 4. as; 5. which; 6. which/as; 7. as; 8. which; 9. As; 10. as
●现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
【教材原句】
She couldn’t, however, hide the line of sweat running down her forehead, which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio, but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her. (教材P38)
Surrounded by roses as she was growing up, she paid them little attention. (教材P38)
Seeing her peers who also dream of success and independence, Zhang has mixed feeling. (教材P39)
As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity, the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision. (教材P45)
【辨析】
两者在作定语时都可以换成相应的定语从句。
过去分词（短语）作定语 表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑上是被动关系。如果是单个过去分词,放在被修饰的名词前面, 如果是过去短语则放在被修饰的名词后面。
现在分词（短语）作定语 表示正在进行的或主动的动作。也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征，现在分词与被修饰的名词在逻辑上是主动关系。如果是单个现在分词,放在被修饰的名词前面, 如果是现在短语则放在被修饰的名词后面.
【例句呈现】
China is a developed country.
中国是个发展中国家。
正在城东修建的图书馆下一年将会交付使用。
The library built in the east of the city last year attracts many readers.
去年城东修建的图书馆吸引了很多读者。
There are some more events added to the Olympics.
有新的项目已被加到奥运会上。
I don’t like the composition written in pencil.
我不喜欢铅笔写的作文。
We saw the rising sun on the top of the mountain yesterday.
昨天我们在山顶看见了初升的太阳
He told everyone at the meeting the exciting news.
他把这个令人激动的消息告诉了所有参会的人。
This is really a confusing question for the people in the village.
对于这个村子里的人来说，这确实是个令人迷惑的问题。
There are 20 people working for the project.
有20人参与这个项目。
The man standing there is our teacher.
站在那里的那个人是我们的老师。
The library being built in the east of the city will be put into use next year.
正在城东修建的图书馆明年将投入使用。
【考点过关】
用括号内动词的适当形式填空
1. The flowers ________ (smell) sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _______ (form) in your mind instead of before your eyes.
3. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ________ (remain) 20 dollars.
4. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ (know) as 3M.
5. The picture _______ (hang) on the wall is painted by my nephew.
6. The disc, _________ (record) digitally in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
7. The first textbooks for teaching English _______ (write) as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
8. The old farmer, _______ (support) the badly-injured and wounded soldier, came out of the burning house, calling for help.
9. -- Oh, it's already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the meeting this evening
-- Well, go on with the matter _______ (discuss) this afternoon.
10. Linda can't attend _______ (hold) the party at Tom's house at present because she is preparing a speech for the party _______ (hold) at Marie's house tomorrow.
11. The ______ (puzzle) situation made everyone feel _______ (puzzle) about what to do next.
12. I'd like to apply for the job as a sales manger of your company ______ in China Daily dated August 8.
【参考答案】
1. smelling; 2. forming; 3. remaining; 4. known; 5. hanging; 6. recorded; 7. written;
8. supporting; 9. discussed; 10. being held; to be held; 11. puzzling; puzzled;
12. advertised
●overcome；conquer
【教材原句】
She has overcome a number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today. (教材P39)
【辨析】
两者都有“战胜”的意思，但其含义有一定区别。
overcome 意思是“克服，解决，战胜”，宾语常常是困难、问题、障碍等。
conquer 意思是“征服，占领，攻占，克服”，宾语常常是国家、民族，自然界的客观事物，如，高山，大海，河流等等。
温馨提示：两者都可指战胜对手，消除或克服差异，克服或战胜心理方面的问题，如，恐惧，悲伤，焦虑等，这时两者可换用。
【例句呈现】
She overcame/conquered her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness.
她克服了胆怯的毛病，非常坦率地说出了自己的想法。
The two parties managed to overcome/conquer their differences on the issue.
两个政党设法弥合了在这个问题上的分歧。
She overcame/conquered injury to win the Olympic gold medal.
她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。
She was trying to overcome/conquer her physical repugnance for him.
她努力克制对他非常强烈的反感。
In the final game Sweden easily overcame/conquered France.
在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
So far, we have managed to overcome all the obstacles that have been placed in our path.
至此，我们已设法排除了设置在道路上的一切障碍。
Find a way to overcome your difficulties.
找出办法战胜困难。
I then realized how possible it was to overcome/conquer your limitations.
那时我才意识到，人克服自身局限的可能性到底有多大。
Western officials say the problem is minor, and should be quickly overcome.
西方官员称这个问题并不严重，应该很快就会解决。
I would overcome/conquered any weakness, any despair, any fear.
我要克服所有的软弱、绝望和恐惧。
The Normans conquered England in 1066.
诺尔曼人于1066年征服了英格兰。
Mont Blanc was conquered in 1786.
勃朗峰于1786年被征服。
【考点过关】
根据overcome和conquer用法，用其适当形式填空。
1. The world champion ______ yet another challenger last night.
2. The night before the test I _______ by fear and despair
3. I ________ my moral scruples at last.
4. They had to _______ formidable obstacles.
5. During 1936, Mussolini _______ Abyssinia
6. Human beings are learning to ______ all kinds of natural disasters.
7. The Spanish _______ the New World in the sixteenth century.
8. So far, we ________ the enemy.
9. When will scientists ________ the stars
10. The long-cherished dream of _________ the Huanghe River will become a reality.
11. Man will ________ nature.
12. Something gave me the strength __________ the difficulty
13. To succeed, you must learn ________ obstacles.
14. Early in the eleventh century the whole of England _______ again by the Vikings.
15. In the wake of developments in science and technology, man has become more capable of _______ nature.
16. There is always one thing ________ another.
【参考答案】
1. conquered/overcame; 2. was overcome/conquered; 3. overcame/conquered; 4. overcome; 5. conquered; 6. conquer; 7. conquered; 8. have conquered; 9. conquer; 10. conquering; 11. conquer; 12. to overcome; 13. to overcome; 14. was conquered; 15. conquering; 16. to conquer/overcome
●persuade sb. to do sth.; try to persuade sb. to do sth.
【教材原句】
The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience. (教材P39)
【辨析】
两者都有“劝说”的意思，但用法不同。
persuade sb. to do sth. 意思“说服某人做某事”，相当于persuade sb. into doing sth.和manage to persuade sb. to do sth.,强调肯定的结果，表示劝说成功了。对应的词组是：persuade sb. not to do sth.= persuade sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事。
try to persuade sb. to do sth. 意思是“竭力劝说某人做某事”，不强调结果，也就是说，不一定劝说成功。
【例句呈现】
I finally managed to persuade her to go out for a drink with me.
我最后终于想法子说服她跟我出去喝一杯。
Recent information may persuade the board to reconsider.
最近得到的信息也许会使董事会重新考虑。
I had a terrible job to persuade her to come.
为劝她来，我费尽了口舌。
You'll never persuade him to stay ─ his mind's made up.
你根本无法劝他留下来——他已经拿定主意了。
It wasn't easy to persuade her to come ─ quite the reverse.
说服她过来不容易——实在太难了。
Save your breath ─ you'll never persuade her.
不用白费口舌了——你永远说服不了她。
He did his utmost to persuade me not to go.
他使尽浑身解数劝我别去。
Try to persuade him to come.
尽量劝他来。
I tried to persuade her to see a doctor.
我极力劝她去看医生。
I failed in my attempt to persuade her.
我未能说服她。
I tried to persuade her to wait but she wasn't having any.
我竭力劝她等一下，可她不肯听。
They tried to persuade me to retract my words.
他们试图说服我收回我的话。
At no time did they try to persuade me to suppress the information
他们从没有试图劝我隐瞒这个消息。
【考点过关】
根据persuade的用法选择括号内的动词填空，并注意其形式， 没有括号的选择适当介词。
1. At no time did they ________ (try/manage) me to suppress the information, but they failed.
2. I was very happy that I had no difficulty persuading her ______ (leave).
3. Insurance companies often _______ (try/manage) to persuade young married men to cover themselves against illness or death.
4. How did you ______ (try/manage) to persuade to persuade him at last
5. You're a clever talker and he'll listen to you if you _______ (manage/try) to persuade him.
6. We persuaded her ________ (confess) her crime at last.
7. Advertisements often ______ (manage/try) try to persuade people to buy things which they don't really want or need.
8. How did you persuade your father _______ lending us the money
9. I ________ (try/manage) her not to resign, but to no avail.
10. We'll try to persuade him ________ giving up smoking.
11. None of us could persuade him out ________ lending his money to that untrustworthy man.
12. My friend _______ (try/manage) to persuade me into buying insurance for my son.
13. We ________ (try/manage) to persuade him not to go swimming, but in vain.
【参考答案】
1. try to persuade; 2. to leave; 3. try/manage; 4. try to persuade; 5. try; 6. to confess; 7. try/manage; 8. into; 9. tried to persuade; 10. into; 11. of; 12. tried/managed; 13. tried
●contribute; donate
【教材原句】
What do you think has contributed to Zhang Yue’s success (教材P40)
【辨析】
contribute普通用词，用义范围广，除了“捐献，捐赠”意思之外，还可表示“贡献，捐献，促进，增加，对….起作用”等意思， contribute的名词为contribution.
常构成以下结构：contribute sth. to….，表示“把…..捐给….；向….投稿”； contribute to….；表示“对…..做出贡献；对…..起作用；导致”等。
donate意思是“捐献、捐赠”，用义相对较窄，表示捐赠钱物时可以和contribute 互换，但是，如果表示捐献人的血液或器官时，只能用donate, 不能用contribute，donate的名词donation，常构成donate sth. to….结构。
【例句呈现】
It was generous of her to donate/contribute such a large sum to the relief fund.
她很慷慨，捐了一大笔钱给救济基金会。
There are many warm-hearted people in our society who voluntarily to donate
/contribute money to help the disabled.
社会上有许多热心人自愿捐款帮助残疾人。
You can't expect a miser like her to donate/contribute money.
你就别指望像他那样的小气鬼能捐钱了。
Many rich people in the United States donated/contributed big sums of money to universities and colleges.
美国许多富豪给大学捐赠巨款。
They successfully held a concert and donated/contribute the proceeds to charity.
他们成功举办了一次音乐会,把收入捐给了慈善机构。
Many people show much concern for children's welfare institution, and contribute /donate money and materials to help the institutions improve their conditions.
很多人关心儿童福利院，向儿童福利院捐款捐物帮助改善条件。
It is stipulated that young people should have the duty to donate blood on unpaid basis.
据规定年轻人有义务无偿献血。
In his will he volunteered to donate his body to medical research.
在他的遗嘱里, 他自愿捐献遗体给医学研究
【考点过关】
根据donate, contribute 的用法用其适当形式填空
1. He ________ important cultural relics of his own collection to the state last year.
2. He ________ large sums of money to charity every year.
3. It is mandatory for blood banks to test all _______ blood for the virus.
4. _______ time and energy to others can take you out of yourself.
5. The government calls on the youth to _______ their blood voluntarily.
6. The local people lined up to _______ money to the earthquake-hit area.
7. As the patient's life hung in the balance, many comrades offered to _______ blood.
8. I believe that each of us can ________ to the future of the world
9. I was asked to _______ to a newspaper article making predictions for the new year.
10. So far the government's policies _________ to the volatility of the region.
11. I am sure that this meeting will _______ to the reinforcement of peace and security all over the world
12. The chaos may have _______ to the deaths of up to 20 people.
【参考答案】
1. donated/contributed; 2. donates/contributes; 3. donated; 4. Donating/Contributing;
5. donate; 6. donate/contribute; 7. donate; 8. contribute; 9. contribute; 10. contribute; 11. contribute; 12. contributed
●句型have some/no difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing sth.和句型have some/no difficulty/trouble/problems with sth.
【教材原句】
They have no problem spending a bit more on Good Deal products, believing that their purchasing of these products will help improve local people’s welfare. (教材P41)
【辨析】
两者意思相近，但用法有区别。
sb. have some difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing sth. 意思是“某人在做某事方面有困难/麻烦/问题”，这里的介词in可有可无。
have some difficulty/trouble/problems with sth. 意思是“某人在做某事方面有困难/麻烦/问题”，这里使用介词with，后面接名词。
温馨提示：
①两个句型中，difficulty, trouble 必须用单数，problem用复数。
②两个句型中的some可根据句意换成little, no, much等。
【例句呈现】
I have some difficulty in understanding my English teacher in class.
我课堂上听不懂英语老师的讲解。
I have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the words in English.
我发某些单词的音有些困难。
90.8% of glaucoma patients have some difficulty in sleeping. 93.1% of cases have shallow sleeping.
90.8%青光眼病人存在入睡困难，93.1%病人睡眠不深。
But during the daily teaching, teachers have some difficulty in teaching and so do students in learning, which makes teaching and learning more difficult.
但在实际教学中，却也出现了不少问题，使得部分教师教学和学生学习存在困难。
I have some difficulty in dealing with the abstract-let's get down to some particulars.
我考虑抽象概念有些困难，让我们处理一些具体事情吧。
One person may have no difficulty with language development.
有的人可能有语言开发的困难。
Most of the girls have much difficulty with their families.
所以绝大多数的女孩都会与家庭关系紧张。
You may have some difficulty with this book at first, but you'll find it much easier as you go along.
开始时你或许会觉得这本书难读，但过些时候你便会觉得容易得多。
I have some trouble with the carburetor. The salesman fobbed the lady off with a faulty machine.
推销员把一部有毛病的机器冒充正品卖给了那位女士。
I have some trouble in reading her handwriting.
我认她的笔迹有些困难。
We have some trouble in spelling.
我们在拼写方面有困难。
He has some problems with his work in Canada, I'm afraid.
恐怕他在加拿大那边的事出问题啦。
Thelma& Louise Louise is working in a diner as a waitress and has some problems with her boyfriend Jimmy, who, as a musician, is always on the road.
路易丝是咖啡馆的服务生，她的男朋友杰米是个搞音乐的，经常在外演出，两人有点矛盾。
Levant thinks that Steinbeck has some problems in grasping the structure and materials.
这位评论家认为斯坦贝克在掌握结构与素材上仍有不足。
【考点过关】
请根据句型have some difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing sth.和句型have some difficulty/trouble/problems with sth.的用法填空
1. He is likely to have some trouble _______ it, but he shouldn't be completely in the dark about it.
2. As I have some trouble _______ my leg, I can't move around easily, nor can I sit too long.
3. I have some difficulty in _______ (answer) the question.
4. His business has faced difficulty _______ debt.
5. I have some trouble in _______ (pronounce) this sound.
6. She has no difficulty _______ Italian.
7. He has some difficulty in ________ (give) shape to his ideas.
8. She has difficulty ________ English pronunciation.
9. He has some trouble _______ (work) out the problem, I think.
10. He has difficulty _________ (adjust) to group living.
11. He has some problems ________ the language.
12. Children with autism have difficulty ______ social skills and communication.
13. He has difficulty in ________ (identify) with the cause of the disease.
14. He has some problems ________ his teeth.
15. You shouldn't have much difficulty _______ your personal data files.
16. She has difficulty ________ (learn) English, however, she works hard and is making rapid progress.
17. I have difficulty communicating _______ a stubborn man like him.
18. This article has discussed some problems in _______ (adjust) to the new requirements.
【参考答案】
1. with; 2. with; 3. answering; 4. with; 5. pronouncing; 6. with; 7. giving; 8. with; 9. working; 10. adjusting; 11. with; 12. with; 13. identifying; 14. with; 15. with; 16. learning; 17. with; 18. adjusting
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