外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit4 Everyday economics单元考点突破学案（有答案）

名师原创：Unit4 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. common adj. 普遍的; 常见的; 共同的; 共有的; 普通的; 寻常的
【原句再现】
What do they have in common (教材P37)
【词块积累】
反意词: uncommon /rare
common sense常识
the common goal共同目标
the common people平民百姓
a common disease常见病
a common mistake常犯的错误
common 作名词时仅用在以下惯用语中：
※ have…in common (with) (与…) 有共同之处
※ in common with …与….一样
commonly adv. 通常；一般；广泛地（= widely）
【精品例句】
It’s common for people to wear masks in foggy days.
在雾天人们戴口罩很常见
Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship.
选择志趣相投的朋友对建立友谊很重要
We have a lot in common and have a lot to talk about.
我们有许多共同点，因此有很多话题可聊
I have nothing in common with Jane.
我和简毫无共同之处
【高考链接】
Letterboxes are much more _______ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.
common B. normal C. ordinary D. usual (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
In common _______ other students, Tom is seldom late for school. (with)
2. seat n．座位，坐处(如椅子等)；有……座位的；有……座的；(椅子等的)座部v.向……提供座位；(使)就座；坐；落座；可坐……人；能容纳……人
【原句再现】
She couldn't, however, hide the line of sweat running down her forehead, which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio, but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
have/take a seat 　请坐
reserve a seat 预订座位
be on the edge of your seat 心情紧张地等待；兴奋地等待某事
be in the driving seat 操纵，掌管，处于控制地位
be seated 就座
stay/remain seated 继续坐着
seat oneself beside/in/on…. 坐在……旁边/里面/上面
seat sb. on/near …安排某人坐在某处
【精品例句】
There are no seats left on that flight.
那次航班没座位了。
He seated himself behind the desk.
他在书桌后面坐下。
He is seated between Jack and Tom.
他坐在杰克和汤姆之间。
【高考链接】
Please ______ (seat) so we can begin our meeting. (山东卷) ( be seated )
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He waved towards a chair, and _______ (seat)himself at the desk. (seated)
The game had the crowd on the edge of their ______ (seat). (seats)
3. blank adj. 空白的；没表情的；茫然的；完全的；彻底的
【原句再现】
They stared back，their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
go blank (脑子)一片空白
draw a blank 无回音；无结果；无收获
blank out 突然变空
blank sth. out 掩盖；遮盖；刻意忘记；抹去记忆
【精品例句】
She stared at me with a blank expression on her face.
她一脸木然地盯着我。
He looked at her out of black blank eyes that made no opportunity for her to speak.
他那双黑眼睛茫然地望着她，不给她开口的机会。
My mind went totally blank.
我的脑子一片空白。
【高考链接】
So far, the police investigation ______ (draw) a blank.(江西课改卷) (has drawn)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I was trying to blank ______ previous situations from my mind. (out)
4. breath n. 呼吸；气息
【原句再现】
Feeling dizzy, Zhang Yue took a deep breath as she struggled to finish her presentation, “And that is why I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into a successful one” (教材P38)
【词块积累】
breathless气喘吁吁的；呼吸急促的
breathlessly气喘吁吁地；呼吸急促地
breathe v. 呼吸
breathe in吸气；吸入
breathe out呼气；呼出
take a deep breath深吸一口气
draw in a breath of fresh air吸一口清新的空气
catch one's breath缓 一口气；歇口气
hold one's breath屏息；憋住气
out of breath 上气不接下气
take sb.'s breath away令人惊叹
【精品例句】
When we breathe, the air goes into our lungs. 吸气时，空气就进入了我们的肺部
People are concerned about the quality of the air they breathe.
人们很担心他们所呼吸的空气的质量
Breathe in and hold your breath for as long as possible.
吸气，并尽可能长时间地屏住呼吸
Take a deep breath and then breathe out when I tell you.深深吸口气，我告诉你时再呼气
Humans take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.人吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳
These gorgeously lit images will take your breath away！
这些华丽的灯光图像将会使您屏息凝神！
Life is not the amount of breaths you take，it's the moments that take your breath away.
生命的真谛不在于你呼吸的次数，而在于那些令你惊叹不已的时刻。
The entertainer's performances often take our breath away.
那个演艺人员的表演经常令人咋舌。
【高考链接】
We had great difficulty in __________ (breathe), for the air was thin.（河南卷.语法填空）
(breathing)
Jack took a deep ________ (breathe) and then dived into the water. （陕西卷.语法填空）(breath)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Eric came running into the room, out of ________ (breathe). (breath)
I was breathless _______ (breathlessly) after climbing the stairs. (breathless)
Reaching the top of the tower, he was out of _________ (breathe). (breath)
5. end up 结果为……；以……结束
【原句再现】
Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up doing. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
end up doing sth.　最终以做某事结束
end (up) in… 以……告终；结果为……
end (up) with…以……结束(指以某种方式结束)
end up as …最终成为……
come to an end 结束
put/bring an end to…. 结束……
in the end 最后，终于
on end 竖立；直立着；连续地
make (both) ends meet使收支相抵；量入为出
【精品例句】
The result was that the engine ended up at the bottom of the canal.
结果引擎最终沉到了运河底。
If you don't know what you want，you might end up getting something you don't want.
如果你不知道自己想要什么，到头来你可能得非所愿。
You will soon end up in debt if you keep on spending money that way.
如果你继续那样花钱，你很快就会负债累累。
【高考链接】
While studying, fix your mind on what is really important, or you will end up __________ (remember) nothing. (山东卷) (remembering)
Andersen was born into a poor family, but ended up as one of the greatest writers of his time. (全国卷) （as）
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The lecture ended up _____a poem of an ancient Chinese poet. (with)
If we neglect our future, we'll end up _____ failure. (in)
6. surround vt. 围绕；包围
【原句再现】
Surrounded by roses as she was growing up，she paid them little attention. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
be surrounded by...　被……包围、环绕
surround oneself with sb./sth. 和某人/某物在一起
surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的
surroundings n. 环境
【精品例句】
Jill was sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes.
吉尔坐在地板上，周围摆满了箱子
If you're serious about wanting to live a healthy life，it's extremely important to surround yourself with people who'll provide you with proper emotional support.
如果你真想过上健康生活，和能给你提供适当情感支持的人在一起是很重要的
To some people，happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.
对于有些人来说，幸福就是被家人和朋友们包围着
He likes to surround himself with humorous people.
他喜欢结交幽默的人们
【高考链接】
When I came to the airport，I saw that the place ____________ (surround) by police.
(江西课改卷) (was surrounded)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Steve arrived and sat in the front row，_______ (surround)by his family. (surrounded)
Standing on the top，we admired the _____ (surround) scenes. (surrounding)
She was faced with a new job in unfamiliar ______ (surrounding). (surroundings)
7. potential n．可能性；潜在性；潜力；潜质adj.潜在的；可能的
【原句再现】
It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
the potential for sth.……的可能性
have/show potential 有潜力/表现出潜力
achieve/fulfil/realize your potential 发挥潜力
【精品例句】
The European marketplace offers excellent potential for increasing sales.
欧洲市场带来了扩销的大好机遇。
First we need to identify actual and potential problems.
首先，我们需要弄清实际的问题和潜在的问题。
He has the potential to become a world class musician.
他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。
【高考链接】
All children should be encouraged to fulfil _______ (potentially) their full potential.(浙江卷) (potential)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The potential _____ abuse in such a system is enormous. (for)
8. challenge n. 挑战；v. 向--挑战;对..质疑
【原句再现】
The road to their success is however still a long and difficult one, with many challenges along the way. (教材P39)
【词块积累】
challenging adj.有挑战性的
respond to/face the challenge回应/面对挑战
accept/take up the challenge接受挑战
challenge a view质疑某个观点
【精品例句】
Life is filled with challenges.生活充满挑战
I challenged him to a game of chess.我要他跟我下一盘棋
The job doesn’t really challenge her这项工作对她并不难
" Challenge yourself--go hiking in the Gobi Desert!'挑战自己! 到戈壁沙漠徒步旅行去!
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
政府将不得不面对失业率上升的挑战
(The government will have to meet to the challenge of rising unemployment.)
他们向他发出挑战，说他不可能在一小时内洗40辆车
(They threw down the challenge that he couldn't wash 40 cars in one hour)
9. present vt. 陈述；提出(观点、计划等)；呈现；赠送，颁发，介绍 adj.出席的，在场的；现在的，目前的 n．礼物；赠品
【原句再现】
Like Zhang, they present their ideas in the hope of getting investment and advice and they have the same passion and devotion. (教材P39)
【词块积累】
present sb. with sth.　向某人赠送某物
present sth. to sb. 向某人陈述某事；赠送某人某物
be present at …. 出席……
at present＝at the present time 目前，现在
for the present 目前；就现在而言
【精品例句】
You need to present yourself better.
你需要更善于展示自己。
May I present my fiancé to you
请允许我向您介绍我的未婚夫。
You need to present yourself better.
你需要更好地展示自己。
【高考链接】
The company ________ (present) a medal to him on the day when he retired. (浙江卷) (presented)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
How many people were present _______ the meeting yesterday？ (at)
These notes will remind you how _______ (present) your ideas. (to present)
10. purchase n．购买；采购；购买的东西；v.买；购买；采购
After I went on TV, a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution. (教材P39)
【词块积累】
make a purchase 购买
on special purchase 特价出售
purchase price 购买价格
purchasing power购买力
【精品例句】
We guarantee to refund your money if you are not delighted with your purchase.
若您对所购商品不满意，我们保证退款。
He gave his son some money for the purchase of his school books.
他给儿子一些钱购买学校的课本。
I would like to purchase this shirt，please.
我想买这件衬衫。
【高考链接】
The _______ (purchase) power of the dollar has declined. (浙江卷) (purchasing)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
These boots are _____ special purchase. (on)
11. consultant n．顾问
【原句再现】
Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit, she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things. (教材P39).
【词块积累】
consult v．请教/咨询
consult sb. about sth. 向某人请教/咨询某事
consult with sb. about sth. 与某人商量/磋商某事
consult a doctor 向医生求诊
consult a dictionary 查字典
【精品例句】
That company wanted to hire him as their consultant, but he declined firmly.
那家公司想雇他做顾问，但他坚决拒绝了。
Our company didn't have a specialist，so we hired a consultant.
我们的公司没有专家，所以我们聘请了一位顾问。
The consultant will explain how we should run our business.
顾问将解释我们该如何经营我们的业务。
【高考链接】
By the time I arrived at the ward, my ____________ (consult) was already there.（浙江卷）(consultant)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Why didn't you consult with me ________ such an important matter (about)
12. access n．接近；通路；接近或进入的权利/机会/通路 v．进入；存取(尤指电脑数据)；访问
【原句再现】
What really matters is a sound business plan, access to capital，and good management and negotiating skills. (教材P39)
【词块积累】
access to...　接近……的机会；进入……的权利
have/get/gain/obtain access to... 可以接近/会见/进入……
accessible adj. 可进入的；可使用的
be accessible to…. 可进入……；可使用……；易接近……
【精品例句】
Students must have access to good resources.
学生必须有机会使用好的资源。
You need a password to get access to the computer system.
使用这个计算机系统需要密码。
Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.
药品不应该放在孩子们可以拿到的地方。
【高考链接】
Kids shouldn't have access _________ violent films because they might imitate the things they see. (湖南卷) (to)
All the sites are free to the public and ______ (access) to anyone with an Internet connection. (安徽卷) (accessible)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
To sum up, low price, easy access __________ information and wide use make students use computers a lot. (to)
It is _______ (access) to the farmhouse is across the fields. (accessible)
13. contribute vt.&vi. 捐助; 捐献; 贡献; 造成/促使(某事发生); 投(稿); 撰(稿)
【原句再现】
What do you think has contributed to Zhang Yue’s success (教材P40)
【词块积累】
contributor n 捐款人; 撰稿人; 起作用的因素
contribution n. 捐款; 捐献物; 贡献; 稿件; 作品
contribute (sth) to sth 对….奉献…；投稿
contribute (money) to the Red Cross向红十字会捐钱
contribute to …对…做出贡献，对….起作用
【精品例句】
It was generous of her to con tribute such a large sum of money.
她很大方，捐了这么一大笔钱
He never contributes (ideas) to the discussion. 他在讨论时从不发表意见
Alcohol contributes to 100, 000 deaths a year in the US.
在美国，酒精每年造成10万人死亡
Stress is a contributing factor in many illnesses.
压力是诸多疾病的致病因素
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
她给这家杂志撰写了许多文章
I gave a contribution of $100 to / toward the church. 我给教堂捐了1 00美元
This is a magazine with contributions from well-known travel writers.
这是一本由著名旅行作家撰稿的杂志。
【高考链接】
I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution ________ the world. (湖南卷)
(to/toward)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Immigrants have contributed ________the British culture in many ways. (to/toward)
14. argue 争论v，争辩
【原句再现】
However, some people are less optimistic, and argue that it discriminates against producers not part of the Good Deal movement. (教材P41)
【词块积累】
argument n. 争论，辩论；论证；论据; 理由; 论点
argue with sb. about/over …= have an argument with sb. about/over…就某事与某人争论/辩论/争吵
without argument 无可争辩
argue sb. into /out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
argue for / against sth./doing sth.为支持（赞成）/反对….而争论
it is beyond argument that..是无可争辩的
【精品例句】
Do they often argue with each other about the time and place of a meeting
他们经常为会议的时间和地点相互争吵吗？
She argued for / against cutting the budget.她据理主张/反对削减预算
Settle the question by argument, not by fighting.解决这个问题要靠说理，而不是靠打架
【高考链接】
It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes.
有些人论证说有天赋的孩子应该被分在专门的班级里(广东卷. 阅读篇)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
My parents were _____ a huge argument, and I was really upset about it. (in)
We all found his ________ (argue) convincing and interesting. (argument)
15. benefit vt.&vi. 有益于; 受益; n. 利益; 益处
【原句再现】
Look for a card with good benefits and no annual fee. (教材P43)
【词块积累】
for the benefit of…= for one’s benefit 为……；为……的利益
be of benefit to… = be beneficial to… 对……有益；对……有利
benefit from/by... 从……受益；得益于
benefit sb. 对某人有益
beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的；受益的
【精品例句】
Exercise is highly beneficial to health. 锻炼对健康极为有利
In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.
事实上，音乐教育对所有学生都是有益而且重要的 （北京卷）
The rain will benefit the crops greatly. 这场雨对庄稼大有好处
Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.
今天我们受益于无数的创造和发明
There are certainly benefits of using a star in a film.
在电影中起用明星肯定是有益处的
He has had the benefit of a first-class education. 他得益于一流的教育
The money is to be used for the benefit of the poor 该款项将用于救助穷人
【高考链接】
China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals all its citizens. (福建卷)
A. in charge of B. for the purpose of C. in honor of D. for the benefit of (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I am sure everyone will benefit a lot ______this activity. (from)
Scientific research is of great _______ (beneficial) to mankind. (benefit)
●本单元其它重要词组
16. as to… = as for… 至于，关于
They stared back, their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next. (教材)
His expressionless face gave her no clue as to what he was thinking.
17. a world away from…. 与….完全不同
The place where this happens is a valley, a world away from any television studio. (教材)
It was a world away from the grand hotels she was used to.
18. be bitten by the …. bug 激发起强烈的欲望/兴趣；热衷于….；被迷住
She is not the only young person to have been bitten by the start-up bug. (教材)
I’ve definitely been bitten by the gardening bug.
19. at rock-bottom prices 以最低价格
Whether it’s an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices, or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days, it’s out there. (教材)
We bought these books at rock-bottom prices in a second-hand bookshop.
20. do a further favor 再帮一个忙
And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favor for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road. (教材)
The current economy does a further favor for the development of small businesses.
21. be subject to…. 受制于….；遭受…；受…支配；易受….
In addition, the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust. (教材)
All flights are subject to delay.
●句型点拨
1. 独立主格结构
【原句再现】
They stared back，their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next. (教材P38)
句式分析：句子中their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next为“逻辑主语＋ 现在分词”的独立主格结构。独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。
【能力拓展】
该结构一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，常见的独立主格结构形式是：
※名词/代词＋名词
※名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语
※名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式
【精品例句】
The human body is composed of organs，each having a definite job to do．
人体有许多器官组成，每一个器官都有确定的工作要做。
Lots of work to do，I have to stay at home all day.
有许多工作要做，我必须待在家里一整天。
Mary has written two novels，both of them having been made into television series.
玛丽已经写了两部小说，都被拍成了电视剧。
All the tickets sold when they arrived，they went away，disappointed.
当他们到达的时候，票都卖光了，他们失望地走开了。
I followed him here，sword in hand.
我手里拿着剑跟着他来到这里。
【高考链接】
Then she leapt backwards, back ______ (arch)and fur on end, tail held out stiffly. (陕西卷) (arched)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The trees there are extremely tall, some ____ (measure) over 90 metres. (measuring)
2. 强调句型
【原句再现】
It was only then that the locals began to believe me. (教材P39)
句式分析：该句子是对时间状语 then 的强调。
【能力拓展】
●强调句型的结构
※强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。
It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
温馨告知：强调主语时，要注意连接词和谓语的一致性。
It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.
※强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was ＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
Was it in the park that he met our new teacher
※强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？
When was it that he made up his mind to take this course
温馨告知：由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。
She doesn't know who it was that saved her son.
※not...until的强调句型结构：It is/was not until...＋that＋句子其他部分。
It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.
●强调谓语动词
用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。
She did tell me her address，but I forgot all about it.
【精品例句】
It is not until the war was over that he returned home.
直到战争结束他才回家。
It is what you did not what you said that counts.
是你做的而不是你说的才重要。
I wonder what it was that you were doing at this time yesterday.
我想知道你昨天这个时候在干什么。
It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到了我的新邻居。
It is only too much stress that does you harm.
只有压力太大才会伤害你。
【高考链接】
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realised _______ she was a famous film star. (陕西卷) (that)
【考点训练】
It is not only the attitudes towards science _______ are changing. (that)
It is at the hotel______ the coach picks up tourists. (that)
Was it because Jack came late for school ______ Mr. Smith got angry (that)
●定语从句（详见语法课件）
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