2023届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解(石室安魂卷6-10)专项训练2(含解析)

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名称 2023届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解(石室安魂卷6-10)专项训练2(含解析)
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更新时间 2023-03-07 11:59:18

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高三二轮复习 阅读理解(石室安魂卷6-10)专项训练2
真题多维细目表
命题规律与备考策略:
1.阅读理解的文章体裁以说明文为主,以应用文、议论文、记叙文为辅。
2.从设题角度看,阅读理解的考频由高到低为:细节理解,推理判断,主旨要义,猜测词义。
备考过程中,要力求做到:
①弄清关键词汇、短语的确切含义,深人分析长难句,每周进行1至2次精读训练;
②提高阅读速度和准确度,采用正确的阅读方法, 注意力集中在语意上,多用略读、跳读、扫读和回读的快捷方法,最短的时间内找寻关键词、主题句及作者意图等重要信息。
3.阅读理解(高2023届石室安魂卷6-10)再现:
卷6:
A
SUMMER 2021 JOURNALISM WORKSHOP
ABOUT THE WORKSHOP:
In this workshop, teens learn radio journalism, storytelling skills and how to write, listen, and talk to people, build confidence, and work with others while creating a true radio story about one person. The 2021 workshop will run from Monday, July 12 through Friday, August 6, 2021.
This is an opportunity open to teens ages 15—18 in the Greater Seattle area, with a small entry fee charged. By finishing this workshop, you earn the opportunity to keep making radio on our website as an advanced producer. For successfully completing the workshop, you’ll earn $ 600. No previous journalism experience is necessary.
APPLICATION TIPS:
Participants are selected based on the strength of their applications. We receive many more applications than we can accept, so show us your best self! The most important part of the application is the Story Idea. Don’t worry about grammar or spelling in your application. You don’t have to write formally. We just want to get to know the real you, and what you care about.
YOU SHOULD APPLY IF:
★ You are 15 — 18 years old (you must be 15 by July 12, 2021).
★ You’re excited to use media to tell true stories.
★ You want to share all sides of the story as a journalist.
In this workshop, you will work with a professional guide to produce a true radio story about one person in your home or community. The story you produce will be posted on our website.
APPLICATION DEADLINE:
The early application deadline is 11:59 PM on Tuesday, March 9. The final application deadline is 11:59 PM on Tuesday, May 4. The application process will become more competitive after the first deadline passes, so seize the day!
1. What does the workshop provide
A. A sponsorship of 600 dollars. B. Free guidance from a professional teacher.
C. Training in being a producer. D. A chance to improve communication skills.
2. What is necessary for an applicant to stand out
A. Experience as a journalist. B. A unique idea for a story.
C. Rich content of the application. D. A good command of media.
3. What is suggested in the last paragraph
A. Applicants should apply on March 9. B. The application should be handed in twice.
C. Applicants had better apply early. D. The application process is complex.
B
The first time a tortoise walked through my shelter on Aldabra Atoll in the Seychelles, I was amazed. I immediately took out my camera and carefully positioned myself to photograph our first meeting. The second time: same thing. The third time: I picked up my phone and took a shot. By the fourth or fifth time, I didn’t even look when I felt something hit me. I knew what it was.
I was there to shoot a story about island restoration(修复) in the Seychelles. Until the middle of the past century, what you could see in this small island nation were local plants cleared to make way for coconut plantations(种植园), foreign rats running uncontrolled, native sea turtles and tortoises being badly treated. But then the country experienced a shift in conservation awareness — and the Aldabra tortoises are among its most visible signs.
Every morning when I walked outside the shelter, I had to remind myself I hadn’t traveled back in time. I could see flightless Aldabra rails, coconut crabs(蟹), the size of dinner plates and tortoises wandering around. The number of sharks in the bay was large. Frigate birds nested in the mangrove trees.
In the late afternoon or early evening, whenever they finished eating, the tortoises would lie down on their stomachs and sleep. That made nighttime trips to the faraway toilet perilous. To get there, I had to negotiate what I called the “tortoise path”. Avoiding them was important: Falling headfirst over a tortoise onto the sharp rock wasn’t joking on an island far from medical resources.
Nothing was easy on Aldabra. Yet living among the tortoises in this primitive place, in one of the last spots where animals still rule, was one of the happiest times of my life.
4. How did the author finally feel about the tortoises’ appearing in his room
A. Shocked. B. Excited. C. Calm. D. Nervous.
5. What happened to the island nation by the middle of the last century
A. Agriculture developed fast.
B. Its ecosystem was damaged a lot.
C. It began environment conservation.
D. A range of foreign animals were introduced.
6. What does the author focus on in paragraph 3
A. His daily routine on Aldabra. B. Diversity of wildlife on Aldabra.
C. Happy moments of his shooting job. D. Peaceful coexistence of man and nature.
7. What does the underlined word “perilous” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Risky. B. Frightening.
C. Effortless. D. Competitive.
C
Western monarch butterflies(帝王蝶) spend their winters on the central California coast. A few months later, they produce young in the Central Valley and as far north and east as Idaho. But where they go in between remains an open question to biologists. Therefore, a group of biologists call on anyone who spots a monarch north of Santa Barbara this spring to get a quick shot and email them the photo with a date and a location.
“Something’s going on in early spring,” said Cheryl Schultz, a professor at Washington State University Vancouver. Winter survival isn’t the problem in the short term, but they don’t know whether the monarchs are not making it to producing places, not finding plants to feed themselves along the way, she said.
The Western monarch population stood in the millions in the 1980s. In 2017, an annual count found 200,000 butterflies. In 2018, the number fell to about 30,000 — a figure that held steady last year. The monarchs’ decline is part of a larger trend among dozens of butterfly species(物种) in the West. What exactly caused the decline Biologists attach it to a variety of reasons. Many chemicals are sprayed on the milkweed monarchs will feed on. Climate change also plays a role in challenges facing monarchs. Yet, they’re not nearly as threatening as those leading to loss of their living room. Farms used to have rough borders that were grounds for the plants monarchs love and live in. However, newly applied practices pushed crops to the edge of fields.
“Butterflies often have good years and bad. We do think there’s potential to turn the situation around,” Dr. Schultz said. And she said she saw two reasons for that. First, the population decline seen in 2017-2018 wasn’t repeated last year. And second, she’s seen butterfly populations recover before.
8. Why do the biologists need the public’s help
A. To confirm monarchs’ producing places. B. To find how monarchs survive the winter.
C. To address the unknown about monarchs. D. To know the distance that monarchs cover.
9. Which of the following harms monarchs most
A. New farming practices. B. Lack of healthy food.
C. Wide use of chemicals. D. Severe climate change.
10. What is Dr. Schultz’s attitude towards monarchs’ future
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Worried. D. Cautious.
11. What’s the best title for the text
A. What Is Happening to the Monarchs
B. Why the Monarchs Are Flying Away
C. Where All the Monarchs Have Gone
D. How the Monarchs Adapt to Nature
D
When the Atlanta Audubon Society teamed up with the Piedmont Park Conservancy to build a chimney(烟囱) tower, it’s fair to say it isn’t a typical chimney. Specifically, there is no fireplace. The “chimney” is, in fact, specifically designed as a nesting site for chimney swifts(烟囱刺尾雨燕).
The Exhibitat is a 24-foot-tall chimney swift tower in Atlanta’s largest park. “We’re hoping to show that this is such a successful model that other parks can follow suit,” Atlanta Audubon Society Executive Director Nikki Belmonte said. “You don’t have to change the whole park. You can just transform a small area like this, and it would benefit so many birds.”
Chimney swifts are extremely beneficial. They eat mosquitoes, flies and other insects and help keep pest populations in check. However, their population is decreasing. “Those pesticides(杀虫剂) hurt more than just mosquitoes; they hurt all of the insects. Birds and other wildlife need insects to live,” said Belmonte.
Besides, chimney swifts are also having a harder time finding suitable nesting places. The old trees with an empty space inside which used to be their nests have been disappearing as more intensive management practices thin out the old dead trees. As a result, chimney swifts have adapted to nesting inside chimneys made of brick or stone. Yet now they find these nests under threat too, as builders of new houses avoid building chimneys. That’s why chimney swift advocates have been creating artificial habitats for them, like the chimney tower in Atlanta.
Piedmont Park’s new Exhibitat also features a native flower garden to encourage chimney swifts flying through the city to nest in the tower. “It’s vital to have native plants because they provide the natural food birds need to survive especially in an urban habitat where they have so many threats. If we can provide native plants, we’re providing the necessity that chimney swifts need,” Belmonte said.
12. What does Belmonte expect their work to do
A. Realize the potential of small areas. B. Speed up the transformation of parks.
C. Encourage other parks to copy the model. D. Inspire creative ways to protect birds.
13. Which of the following leads to the decline in chimney swift numbers
A. Polluted food sources. B. The increase of their natural enemies.
C. Poor forest management. D. The chemicals used to kill insects.
14. What message about chimney swifts is conveyed in paragraph 4
A. They are a concern to house builders. B. They fail to adapt to artificial habitats.
C. They are suffering loss of nesting places. D. They prefer chimneys to old dead trees.
15. Why is a flower garden built in Piedmont Park
A. To reduce threats to birds’ urban homes. B. To preserve native plants’ diversity.
C. To make the new Exhibitat more attractive. D. To help with chimney swifts’ survival.
卷7:
A
The best dessert for a party of family and friends A homemade pie. The second best A store-bought pie that you can pretend is homemade without being questioned. The following are some stores where you can find such great pies on Long Island.
Olish’s Farm (75 Eastport Manor Rd., Eastport)
Owner Donny Olish prefers to buy fruit locally for his shop. Although more than 30 varieties are on offer, he’s sometimes forced to look elsewhere to buy strawberries, pears, apples, blackberries and raspberries(山莓) to produce a pie for the ages. More info: 631—325—0539, .
Briermere Farms (4414 Sound Ave., Riverhead)
Briermere is nothing short of a pie factory, whose two dozen flavors(味道) are sold by the hundreds on lovely fall weekends. And for good reason: Much of the fruit used is grown right there on the farm. Don’t miss its cream pie, an open-faced pie filled with cream and topped with fruit. More info: 631—722—3931, .
Diane’s Bakery Cafe (23 Bryant Ave., Roslyn)
Blue. Straw. Rasp. Three kinds of berries that join produce what remains the most popular pie at this old shop. But almost as popular are its chocolate and banana cream versions, followed closely by pecan and apple pies, to which New York State fruit is the key. Besides all these pies, you can treat yourself to other types of desserts there. More info: 516—621—2522, dianesroslyn. com.
Jericho Cider Mill (213 Route 106, Jericho)
Apple-raspberry. Apple-peach. Apple-blueberry. Are you detecting a theme A new and cute outdoor seating area is the latest addition to Jericho Cider Mill. A matchless selection of New York’s favorite home-grown fruit finds its way into equally matchless 13 varieties of pies. More info: 516—433—3360, .
1. What do we know about Olish’s Farm
A. It merely uses home-grown fruit. B. It has a new outdoor seating area.
C. It always opens on fall weekends. D. It offers the largest variety of pies.
2. Which one sells best at Diane’s Bakery Cafe
A. The apple pie. B. The chocolate pie.
C. The mixed berry pie. D. The banana cream pie.
3. Where should you buy pies for an apple-themed party
A. Olish’s Farm. C. Briermere Farms.
B. Jericho Cider Mill. D. Diane’s Bakery
B
Jimmy Choi is a cyclist, and a world record holder for push-ups. He also happens to be living with Parkinson’s disease. He was diagnosed(诊断) with the brain disorder in 2003, suffering from involuntary shaking and problems with walking and balancing. There’s currently no cure. Jimmy has to quit the sports. Soon he commits himself to being a motivational speaker and advocating for people with the disease.
Jimmy often shares his struggles on social media, and in a recent video, he expressed his annoyance at the packaging of the pills he needs to take. It showed his shaking hand trying to get a tiny pill from the bottle. Jimmy wasn’t the only one facing such a problem. Brian Alldridge, a videographer, saw his video and immediately decided to do something to help him and everyone else dealing with this problem. He sat down at his computer and taught himself 3D modeling software. Within two days, Brian designed a new medicine bottle that separates a single pill in a container.
Brian made his own video and offered his design free of charge to anyone with a 3D printer who would be willing to create a physical prototype(原型). “I expected maybe one or two people to message me when I couldn’t guarantee that the device would actually work. Instead, thousands of people offered to print the thing the next day,” Brian said, blown away. “Even more told me that someone they knew could benefit from it.”
The online community took it from there, printing out many versions of Brian’s design until they had a prototype to send to Jimmy. Jimmy was just surprised by their support, and he gamely tested every version of it. The creators of the pill bottle now feel like there’s nothing they can’t execute! “If you think of a way to improve the lives of others, there’s most likely a way to make it happen,” Brian said.
4. What do we know about Jimmy in the face of Parkinson’s disease
A. He makes great efforts to recover.
B. He feels upset about leaving sports.
C. He becomes devoted to a new career.
D. He lives in great pain from the disease.
5. What did Jimmy show in the recent video
A. Poor packaging of his pills. B. Bother with reaching his pills.
C. Design of a new medicine bottle. D. Requirements for people with Parkinson’s.
6. Why did Brian feel surprised
A. So many people responded to him. B. His design benefited many patients.
C. Jimmy tried all versions of the bottle. D. The bottle worked better than expected.
7. What does the underlined word “execute” in the last paragraph mean
A. Improve. B. Accept. C. Achieve. D. Imagine.
C
Cloud seeding has existed as a technology since the 1940s, says Sarah Tessendorf of the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado. In theory, it should make more rain or snow.
However, despite decades of research, it has been difficult to show that cloud seeding works. Experimenters have compared what happens to clouds that are seeded with those that aren’t, but it hasn’t been possible to get a large enough sample(样本) size to control for natural changes. “The weather’s very variable, and it’s very complex,” says Tessendorf. That has now changed, thanks to a project called Seeded and Natural Orographic(由山地地形造成的) Wintertime Clouds: The Idaho Experiment.
In 20 days in January, Tessendorf and her colleagues seeded orographic clouds, which form when air is forced up over mountains. They sprayed a special powder into clouds. On three days, the team found clear evidence of snowfall from clouds that had been seeded. On the ground, this amounted to a light snow, between 0.05 and 0.3 millimeters deep. Importantly, the team has calculated the total amount of water produced from this. The most successful day is 31 January. The snow released from the clouds was equal to 340,000 m3 of water after 24 minutes of cloud seeding. The least successful day was 19 January, when snow equal to 123,000 m3 of water was produced by 20 minutes of cloud seeding. In total, the three successful days produced about 282 Olympic-sized swimming pools worth of water.
Researchers now have scientific evidence that seeding of orographic clouds can increase rainfall. The increase is, however, below 10 percent. “Water managers would be much better off looking at alternatives. For example, farmers can shift to less wasteful forms of irrigation(灌溉),” says Paul Sayers from the water management consulting firm Sayers and Partners LLP in the UK.
8. Why is it difficult to show the effect of cloud seeding
A. The weather is changeable. B. The number of samples is small.
C. Orographic clouds are hard to control. D. People don’t study cloud seeding for long.
9. How does Tessendorf’s team prove cloud seeding can increase rainfall
A. By giving examples. B. By making classifications.
C. By conducting experiments. D. By analyzing cause and effect.
10. What does Paul Sayers think of cloud seeding
A. It only has limited effect. B. It can benefit farmers much.
C. It increases rainfall a lot. D. It can reduce waste of water.
11. Which section of the website may the text be most likely from
A. Geography. B. Agriculture.
C. Environment. D. Science.
D
Parents across Europe and elsewhere have to look for creative ways to get their kids to eat fruits, vegetables and berries(浆果) because they don’t eat enough greens, which is also a concern for many countries. As the health and nutrition benefits of these foods are well-known, increasing the consumption of them among children is a challenge. According to a new study, however, one effective way to get kids to eat more fruits and vegetables is to see Mom and Dad eat a lot of those foods themselves.
Researchers from the University of Eastern Finland asked the parents of 114 kindergarten-aged children to answer a survey about their kids’ consumption of vegetables, fruits, and berries, as well as their family’s home food environment. The study found that the example of a mother is associated with a child’s consumption of raw and cooked vegetables and fruits and berries, while the example of a father is stronger for the consumption of cooked vegetables.
What’s more, the researchers found that dinner is the most important meal when it comes to teaching children to eat vegetables since dinners are opportunities to serve vegetables in different forms, whether it’s the main course, a side dish, or a salad. The families participating in the study often ate dinner together, stressing the role of parental influence on the development of children’s dietary choices and preferences. When it comes to eating fruits, evening snacks(小吃) were the most important meal. Noticeably, many families still eat fewer vegetables, fruits and berries that would be beneficial. Cooked vegetables and berries were the least eaten among the study population.
It’s worth mentioning that, the researchers have done another relevant study. In that study, they noted educating children on food knowledge in kindergartens can promote good nutrition among them and the establishment(建立) of healthy dietary habits, which often stick with people all the way to adulthood.
12. What makes many countries worried
A. The public’s ignorance of nutrition. B. Greens’ inaccessibility to kids.
C. Kids’ inadequate intake of greens. D. Parents’ unhealthy eating habits.
13. What does the new study find
A. Fathers have a wider influence on children. B. Cooked vegetables are preferred to the raw.
C. Many families eat enough vegetables and fruits. D. Dinner is closely related to vegetable consumption.
14. What will the following paragraph probably focus on
A. Dietary habits of adults. B. Ways to promote good nutrition.
C. Early-childhood food education. D. Necessity of educating children on food.
15. What’s the text mainly about
A. Importance of food nutrition. B. Function of family meals for kids.
C. Researchers’ study of food varieties. D. Parental influence on kids’ eating greens.
卷8:
A
Harvard University provides some courses for students who have access to the Internet. They can be attended free or students can choose to receive a verified(证明) certificate for a small fee. Select a course to learn more.
The Architectural Imagination
Length: 10 Weeks Effort: 5 hours per week Price: FREE (Add a verified Certificate for $ 199) Instructor: Erika Naginski, Professor Architectural History What you’ll learn: ◇How to read, analyze, and understand different forms of architectural representation ◇Basic principles of producing your own architectural drawings and models
Shakespeare’s Life and Work
Length: 4 Weeks Effort: 7 hours per week Price: FREE (Add a verified Certificate for $ 99) Instructor: Steven Greenblatt, Professor the Humanities What you’ll learn: ◇Shakespeare’s childhood, education and family life ◇The cultural significance of Shakespeare’s plays ◇How to analyze Shakespeare’s plays ◇How to consider authorial intention, historical context, and present relevance
The Health Effects of Climate Change
Length: 7 Weeks Effort: 9 hours per week Price: FREE (Add a verified Certificate for $ 149) Instructor: Aaron Bernstein, Interim Director of the Center for Climate, Health, and the Global Environment What you’ll learn: ◇Climate change’s impact on migration, and diseases ◇How changes in Earth’s atmosphere affect health outcomes ◇How to assess the various ways of addressing the health effects of global warming
Child Protection: Children’s Rights in Theory and Practice
Length: 16 Weeks Effort: 6 hours per week Price: FREE (Add a verified Certificate for $ 99) Instructor: Jacqueline Bhabha, Professor of the Practice of Health and Human Rights What you’ll learn: ◇The origins of child protection in international human rights law ◇How to analyze global child protection issues ◇Ways to assess and strengthen a system which is aimed at protecting children
1. Who might be interested in the second course
A. A literature fan. B. A history major. C. A social critic. D. A play performer.
2. Which course requires the longest time each week
A. The Architectural Imagination B. Shakespeare’s Life and Work
C. The Health Effects of Climate Change D. Child Protection: Children’s Rights in Theory and Practice
3. What will a student learn from Professor Jacqueline Bhabha
A. How to advocate child protection. B. How to analyze human rights law.
C. How to evaluate a child protection system. D. How to solve child protection issues.
B
Years ago, I appeared on stage with the Royal Melbourne Philharmonic Choir(合唱团) in the Town Hall. There I was, my feet in plain shoes, sweat dirtying my clean white shirt, singing my heart out in front of the big organ. I still have a tape recording of that performance somewhere, where I swear I can hear myself singing, high and thin and possibly off-key.
But life got in the way and I stopped singing. Then, in the summer of 2019, I found myself facing some shadows in my own life. It felt as if it had been a long time between songs, as if there was something unsung, some absent music in my ears. I began to fear I might be making myself ill and unable to breathe in a normal way.
Could singing help me reclaim my voice and calm my fast-beating heart Research from the Royal Society noted that “group singing can improve physical and mental health, as well as promote social bonds”. So, rather than letting my unsung tunes strangle me, I decided to take on a new choral experience, one being in the Big Feminist Sing, a community choir.
“If you don’t know what to sing,” the choir director said, “find someone who looks confident, and go and stand next to them.” Find a friend if you’re in trouble; take a risk; use your voice; be part of something bigger than yourself. I’ve been singing in the choir ever since, because group singing gives me a sense of security — and each rehearsal(排演) is a lifeline, a connected thread, an intake of air working toward a collective voice. It doesn’t matter if I am a bit off-key to start with. Decades of unsung situations have changed, and I have flown.
4. How did the author feel during her performance in the Town Hall
A. Thrilled. B. Nervous.
C. Confident. D. Curious.
5. What does the underlined word “strangle” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Reach. B. Blind.
C. Cheat. D. Choke.
6. What does the author learn from her latest choir experience
A. Finding a true friend is never easy.
B. Teamwork has benefited her a lot.
C. The choir director’s position counts.
D. Singing alone improves her health.
7. Which can be the best title for the text
A. The Amazing Power of Group Singing
B. Confidence Out of Lasting Singing
C. Changes from Stage Experiences
D. A Taste of Music in a Choir
C
Dinosaurs wandered the earth for 160 million years until their sudden disappearance some 65. 5 million years ago. For many years, climate change had been considered as a possible explanation. Lower temperatures made it hard for dinosaurs, which were cold-blooded, to obtain body heat from the sun and the air. Also, their food supplies were interrupted. In recent years, there has been a new theory about how an object struck Earth and caused dinosaurs to die off. A number of researchers have presented evidence that the impact was caused by an asteroid(小行星), which came from an area between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
But a study by two astronomers from Harvard University presents another new theory: the crash was caused by a comet(彗星). The researchers say the comet came from an area, known as the Oort cloud, on the edge of the solar system. Their theory states the comet was pulled into the solar system by Jupiter’s gravity. The comet then came very close to the sun, whose force made it break into pieces. The researchers believe one of the pieces crashed into the place that scientists have identified in Mexico.
“Jupiter is so critical because it’s the largest planet in our solar system,” said Amir Siraj, the lead author of the study. He added that the findings showed that Jupiter’s large influence pushes “these incoming long-period comets into orbits that bring them very close to the sun”. The event is believed to have caused widespread wildfires, earthquakes and ocean waves. It also released chemicals into the atmosphere, leading to severe cooling. The event is to blame for destroying more than 70 percent of plant and animal life. In addition, dinosaurs died out.
The study also suggests that similar impacts can be expected to strike Earth about once every 250 to 730 million years. But the other lead researcher on the project, professor Avi Loeb, noted that is just a guess. “You never know when the next one will come,” he said. “The best way to find out is to search the sky.”
8. What made dinosaurs disappear according to many researchers
A. Loss of food supplies. B. Heat sources’ shrinking.
C. An asteroid’s hitting Earth. D. Climate change on Earth.
9. What do Harvard’s astronomers find
A. Jupiter’s force breaks comets. B. Some bit of a comet fell onto Earth.
C. Dinosaurs last lived in Mexico. D. The Oort cloud circles the solar system.
10. What message is conveyed in paragraph 3
A. Comets rarely get close to the sun. B. Earth is closely linked to other planets.
C. Jupiter is the solar system’s most vital planet. D. Jupiter indirectly causes dinosaurs’ extinction.
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. New Theory: What Killed Dinosaurs B. Rare Visitor: How Comets Affect Earth
C. Who Is to Blame for Earth’s Change D. When Did Dinosaurs Become Extinct
D
As AI technology becomes more advanced, we can expect it to be used more often in the world of human medicine and health care. But is it possible to create AIs that rapidly outperform doctors in certain tasks
AI is designed to copy the human brain in decision making and learning with the computing power to learn tasks in days or even hours. Most of the AI systems working in medicine employ smart algorithms(算法) with the machine and deep learning techniques and are accompanied by speech recognition and computer or machine vision, thus helping them make their decisions more quickly and accurately when used in the medical field.
AI systems should learn about human medicine before they can be adapted for people in hospitals and care homes. As a result, they are trained on large data sets of real-life cases. Detailed patient information in quantity is able to help fuel AI technologies, which plays a hugely important role in the success of medical AIs. One of the most important areas for AI’s influencing global health is in the field of epidemiology(流行病学). Predicting disease outbreaks can save millions of lives by having resources ready if the worst happens. The company AIME has successfully combined public health data with machine learning and AI to create a prediction engine able to predict epidemics months in advance with great accuracy.
Another field where medical AIs are making rapid advances is in diagnostics(诊断学). AIs use pattern recognition to work through X-ray, CT and MRI images with unbelievable speed and accuracy. They have been able to do better than junior doctors and even senior specialists in some tests.
Rima Arnaout, an expert on heart disease, developed an AI that beat human doctors at correctly interpreting images by 92 percent to 79 percent. “Despite the result, as experts, we read the images and then go to see the patient,” she said. “So we’re both reading images and practicing medicine. I don’t think that the second piece will be taken over so quickly.”
12. What is the purpose of paragraph 2
A. To explain the way AI systems work. B. To prove competence of AI in medicine.
C. To introduce different tasks AI performs. D. To show AI’s development in health care.
13. What mainly helps AIs to learn medicine
A. Practice in hospitals and homes. B. Data gathered from patients.
C. Detailed information on technology. D. Experience in treating real-life cases.
14. What can we infer from Rima Arnaout’s words
A. Work of medical AIs should be valued. B. There is no need for traditional treatment.
C. AI cannot replace doctors any time soon. D. It is urgent to apply AI systems in reality.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. A Growing Trend Toward AI B. Challenges to Modern Medicine
C. Arguments over AI Technology D. The Rise of the Digital Doctors
卷9:
A
48 hours of Bite-Sized Mindfulness(正念减压疗法)
Join 48 hours of Bite-Sized Mindfulness with Sabina Vitacca, known as a “Personal Trainer for the Mind”.
About the event
To show how effective the practice of mindfulness — living in your present thoughts, actions and behavior — can be when applied to work and home situations, Sabina will explain to you what mindfulness is and how it works.
This course is a short-term commitment each day and can be completed in your free time. It’s pre-recorded and sent to you by email so that you can watch it in your own time and at your own speed. The best part is that it can all be achieved with bite-sized actions. You can complete this short program with just 15 minutes a day.
If you’re someone
— Working from home alone
— Finding it challenging to remain absorbed or productive at work
— Feeling inadequate to your current environment
— Wanting to learn how to better communicate and connect with your team or co-workers
— Who’d love to learn the secret of “switching off” at night and being able to relax, even during busy times
Then this short course is for you! Take full advantage of pre-recorded videos about Sabina’s mindfulness expertise, all for free! If you’re interested, click on the link at the bottom of the page to fill out your information. The bite-sized materials will be sent to your inbox. We’re looking forward to sharing mindfulness with you.
1. What do we know about the course
A. It allows self-paced learning. B. It charges a very low price.
C. It features face-to-face interaction. D. It needs to be completed in 15 minutes.
2. Who are most likely to be interested in the course
A. Those lacking social circles. B. Those failing to focus on work.
C. Those wanting to study at night. D. Those worrying about the environment.
3. What should one do to join the course
A. Pay fees in advance. B. Make an application by email.
C. Register on the website. D. Communicate with Sabina directly.
B
Good morning,
I want to send you all a quick email and express my feelings about Goshen Post Elementary school this rainy Monday morning. I cannot say enough about the experiences that my 3 kids are having at Goshen Post! It has been such an amazing start to the school year. They all come home filled with enthusiasm and excitement about what they have been doing at school and PBL that involves them.
I’d like to share with you a story of my two daughters using PBL this weekend — how my girls are applying what they are learning at school through a project while at home. With the very rainy Sunday they were looking for things to do. Anderson wanted to go outside and jump in the muddy puddles(小水坑)! This idea stirred Wesley, so they headed outside to play. When they came back, Wesley explained to me that they noticed the rain was flowing and filling all of the storm drains(排水管) in the street. This is where PBL comes in!
They turned this little observation into a project. The girls came up with a plan to figure out where the water was coming from, why it was flowing the way that it was, and where it ended. They asked my husband and I to drive them down the street to see where it started and where it ended so that they could record this information. They then came up with their own theory, headed home and wrote about it on Wesley’s new notebook. All of this took hours, filled their afternoon, and created huge smiles on their faces and laughter between two sisters!
They have always been creative, but I can tell what you are doing at school is not only motivating them to be more creative, but giving them a framework of how to do it!
Yours,
Kacy Fernstrom
4. What is “PBL”
A. A plan to learn at home. C. A practice organized by schools.
B. A way of learning based on projects. D. A program requiring parents’ involvement.
5. What does the underlined word “stirred” mean in paragraph 2
A. Excited. B. Surprised. C. Urged. D. Convinced.
6. What does paragraph 3 focus on
A. Why the kids did their observation. B. How the kids carried out their project.
C. What the kids gained from their project. D. How the author helped with her kids’ plan.
7. Why does the author write the email
A. To show respect for the school. B. To share her kids’ creative activity.
C. To introduce a new learning method. D. To give credit for the school’s teaching
C
Turtles(海龟) may become endangered in some parts of the world as climate change continues to take hold, scientists have revealed. Turtles use beaches to lay their eggs, but warmer sand increases the chances of a female being born, which tips the balance against a healthy rate of sexes. If more and more turtles are born female, it will put sea turtles at risk of extinction.
The best sex ratio is around 50:50, as that provides the most suitable balance for reproduction. But a sand temperature of 29.3 degrees Celsius or above makes it increasingly likely that turtles will be born female — a phenomenon known as temperature-dependent sex determination.
Around the Red Sea, in Egypt, Sudan and Saudi Arabia, the temperature of the sand is continuing to rise. The Red Sea is one of the world’s most popular locations for turtles. It’s home to five of the world’s seven species of sea turtles, including green turtles and hawksbill turtles. Both of these types of turtle are endangered, and the scientists wanted to find out whether climate change could be playing a role in the future of their survival.
The scientists measured the sand temperature at five separate nesting sites around the Red Sea. Temperature measurements were taken every 15 minutes for a period of five months. Four of the five study sites had temperatures higher than the 29.3 degrees Celsius threshold(起始点). Sand temperatures as high as 36 degrees Celsius were measured at some sites, which could present a considerable threat to their survival.
Nearly all species of sea turtles are classified as endangered, while three of the seven species are critically endangered. Their population has fallen over a period of 200 years, almost mainly as a result of human activities. Some turtles have been targeted for their eggs, skin, shells and meat, while others have been illegally or accidentally caught in fishing equipment.
8. What causes the imbalance of turtles’ sex ratio
A. Global warming. B. Human disturbance.
C. Disappearance of sandy beaches. D. Decline in the birth rate.
9. Why did the scientists carry out the measurement
A. To find ways for turtles to survive. B. To know the degree of climate change.
C. To assess the effects of weather on turtles. D. To compare turtles’ different nesting sites.
10. What do the statistics in paragraph 4 imply
A. Fewer male turtles may be born. B. Turtles prefer living in the Red Sea.
C. Higher temperatures attract more turtles. D. Turtles are sensitive to temperature changes.
11. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to turtles’ present situation
A. Positive. B. Tolerant.
C. Sympathetic. D. Anxious.
D
Do you need a human to create a beautiful perfume That’s the question being asked as artificial intelligence (AI) starts to enter the perfume industry. Companies are increasingly turning to technology in order to create more best-selling, unique perfumes that can be produced in just minutes.
Last year, Swiss-based perfume developer Givaudan launched Carto, an AI-powered tool to help perfumers. Using a touch screen, the perfumers can choose one from 1,500 ingredients(成分) and Put it in a bottle without touching them and pull together different perfumes using data from the brand’s vast library of perfume formulas(配方). A small robot immediately processes the fragrances into perfumes, making it easier for perfumers to test their new perfumes.
One benefit of Carto is that with it, perfume samples are created instantly, giving them a competitive advantage. “We can adjust the perfume almost live with the customer,” says Calice Becker, vice president perfumer and director of the Givaudan Perfumery School. “It is a big plus not just because we gain time but there’s more closeness when we connect in front of the tool.”
German perfume house Symrise has gone one step further and teamed up with IBM Research to create an Al system called Philyra, which actually studies the perfume formulas and customer data to produce new perfumes. Like Carto, Philyra can’t actually smell anything. Claire Viola, vice president of digital strategy fragrance at Symrise, is the first to agree it hasn’t been without weakness. “It’s machine-learning and sometimes the results are wrong,” she says. “You have to qualify every new material, so it understands the difference between different perfumes, for example.”
Margaux Caron, global beauty analyst for color cosmetics(化妆品) and perfumes at Mintel, believes artificial intelligence is a powerful tool to create perfumes. “Technology and science is sometimes pictured and considered cold, but the perfume category is displaying a warm, emotional, human approach to it. The partnership between AI and perfumers is anchored in this philosophy,” she said.
12. What is the advantage of Carto
A. It can be used to test perfumes. B. It can tell perfume ingredients apart.
C. It frees perfumers totally from the task. D. It helps tailor perfumes to customers’ needs.
13. What can we infer from Claire Viola’s words
A. Philyra needs to be improved. B. Philyra has a sharp sense of smell.
C. Philyra’s study result is accurate. D. Philyra’s good with new materials.
14. What’s Margaux Caron’s attitude towards using AI
A. Supportive. B. Objective. C. Concerned. D. Skeptical.
15. Why does the author write the text
A. To introduce new perfume brands. B. To explain how to make perfumes by AI.
C. To discuss AI’s strengths and weaknesses. D. To show application of AI in making perfumes.
卷10:
A
The Winter Olympics is an international sporting competition held every four years. It appeared after the success of the Summer Olympics with the first Winter Olympics taking place in 1924. The 24th Winter Olympics was just held successfully in Beijing in 2022. The sports featuring in the Winter Olympics are those that can be played in winter conditions of ice and snow.
Alpine Skiing(高山滑雪)
Alpine skiing involves skiing down a snow-covered slope(斜坡) introduced to the Winter Olympics in 1936, which is the 4th Winter Olympics, and has been a regular feature in every Winter Olympics. Austria has won the most alpine skiing events with the country’s athletes getting 128medals.
Cross-Country Skiing
As one of the main events, cross-country skiing is also among the oldest events in the games. Men’s cross-country skiing was first introduced during the first Winter Olympics. The country with the highest number of Olympic wins in the event is Norway, obtaining 52 gold medals.
Ice Hockey(冰球运动)
Ice hockey was originally an event of the 1920 Summer Olympic Games but was later introduced to the 1924 Winter Olympics. The sport is governed by rules set by the International Ice Hockey Federation. Canada is the most successful country in this event, winning 14 gold medals.
Snowboarding
Introduced during the 1998 Winter Olympics, it has featured in every edition of the Winter Olympics since. The United States is the most successful country in the field, which owes much to its unmatched geographical environment for snowboarding and skiing, and the country has won 35 medals in total in the sport since 1998.
1. Which event has the longest history in the Olympics
A. Snowboarding. B. Ice hockey.
C. Cross-country skiing. D. Alpine skiing.
2. How many times has the Winter Olympics seen alpine skiing before 2022
A. 24. B. 23. C. 21. D. 20.
3. Which country might have the most suitable skiing conditions
A. Austria. B. Canada. C. The United States. D. Norway.
B
Sue Morgan is one of the last professionals of a centuries-old traditional craft(工艺), which was once vital to the UK’s southwestern coast. At one time, Devon and Cornwall — known for miles of beaches drawing tourists in the summertime — had a booming fishing industry. When the summer fishing season came to a close and winter storms blew in, fishermen sailed into harbor and spent hours indoors making fish traps for the next season.
The withy pots(柳条笼) are made of willow sticks and have become a symbol of the area’s distinctive fishing culture and identity. They all share the same basic design, but the practice differs slightly from village to village. Some pots are larger; some are flatter on top.
However, their use declined when stronger materials like plastic and metal wires were created and became widely available. In the 1960s, the fishermen switched to wire pots that were cheap to buy and could last longer, Morgan said. Today, withy pot making is listed as “critically endangered” and it’s believed that there are just 11 withy pot makers left in the region, including Morgan.
These craftspeople are determined to breathe new life into this coastal tradition and make it popular again, which may — in a small way — help Britain’s plastic pollution problem. Take Morgan, for example. She sets up a seaside workshop in Devon’s Hope Cove to teach locals withy pot making. Meanwhile, she sells her elegant creations to tourists staying in the many remodeled fishing cottages in the village. Morgan often exhibits her work at arts and crafts festivals, too.
Tourists aren’t the only people interested in the pots. Some fishers are rediscovering the value of withy pots. It may be a small effort, but it’s quite important to devotees like Morgan. “It’s extremely hard work, fishing, but there’s interest in green fishing methods. I’m sure withy pots will see a return and growth as part of that,” Morgan said.
4. What does the author say about the craft of withy pot making
A. It is full of culture and history. B. It drives the UK’s fishing industry.
C. It has its origin in Devon and Cornwall. D. It covers a wide variety of basic designs.
5. What caused the decrease in the use of withy pots
A. The great boom in local tourism. B. The unavailability of the pots.
C. The rising price of raw materials. D. The development of technology.
6. What’s paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The return and growth of withy pots. B. Craftsmen’s devotion to the craft’s comeback.
C. Withy pots’ role in fighting plastic pollution. D. Morgan’s achievements in making withy pots.
7. How does Morgan sound in the last paragraph
A. Appreciative. B. Cautious.
C. Optimistic. D. Concerned.
C
We can recognize or friends’ face. Many social animals can also identify individuals of their own species by their facial features. That’s important, because they need to be able to adjust their behavior depending on who they meet. And research has shown that some species of monkeys, birds, and domesticated(驯养的) animals can even distinguish among different faces by looking at photographs alone.
Scientists have also wondered whether domesticated animals that have coexisted with people for thousands of years can recognize different human faces. Léa Lansade of France’s National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment is one of them. Her experiment on horses provides insight into this.
She and her team first taught the horses how to “choose” between tow side-by-side images by touching their noses to a computer screen. The horses were then shown photos of their present keeper alongside face of unfamiliar humans. They had never seen photos of any of the people before. The horses correctly identified their present keeper and ignored the stranger’s face about 75% of the time, significantly better than chance.
What’s more, the horses also preferentially picked photos of their previous keeper — a person they hadn’t seen in six months. In fact, even though the horses didn’t get it right every single time, they were at least as accurate in picking out their previous keeper as they were in identifying their present one. The results suggest that not only can horses distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar human faces, but they know that photographs are two-dimensional representations of real life, without any other cues(提示) like sound. And they’re even better at this than our oldest animal companion, the domestic dog.
So maybe think twice before doing anything at a stable(马厩) that might give a horse a long face. After all, the horse could probably “remember” you.
8. What does the author say about man’s ability to recognize friends’ faces
A. It’s not unique to man. B. It’s an inborn ability.
C. It’s man’s most vital ability. D. It’s superior to that of animals.
9. Why did Léa Lansade and her team do the experiment
A. To teach horses to recognize human faces. B. To study horses’ ability to identify human faces.
C. To make horses distinguish between their keepers. D. To figure out similarities between man and horses.
10. How does the author sound in writing the last paragraph
A. Academic. B. Dramatic. C. Cautious. D. Humorous.
11. What is the best title for the text
A. Human Faces Are Familiar to Horses B. Horses Recognize Keepers’ Pictures
C. Horses Read Man’s Facial Expressions D. Man’s Sound Helps Horses Select Photos
D
Herder(放牧人) Buchu Boru has to walk tens of kilometers in search of grassland for his animals during times of drought(干旱) — with no guarantee that he will succeed. “Somebody tells you by word of mouth that there is grassland but on arriving you don’t find any,” said the herder, who has had to walk from his home all the way across the border some years. But next time the rains fail, he hopes a new mobile phone app will help him move his animals to grassland without too much cost or waste of time.
The Afriscout app, which uses satellite images to identify where there is grass and surface water, claims to be better than what people in Africa are used to. With the app, African herders will be very sure where the grassland with water is and they will just head there.
Apps like Afriscout that reduces the uncertainties associated with the journeys can help protect herds and incomes, making families more adaptable to the severe conditions.
Afriscout, developed by Project Concern International (PCI), a California-based development organization, was launched in Boru’s area in February. The app so far has had about 3, 000 users in Kenya, though PCI hopes to increase the number to 4, 000 once it finishes mapping Samburu County, home to the Samburu herding community. It is already used in Tanzania and Ethiopia and PCI plans to expand it in Niger soon, said Brenda Wandera, the organization’s acting representative in Kenya.
However, the new app faces a few challenges, including limited mobile phone connectivity in some areas, and broad use of durable old-style mobile phones rather than smart phones. Now, few herders in the region own smart phones — but that may change if they find the app useful.
12. Why does Boru walk a long distance during drought
A. To harvest some grass. B. To move to a new place.
C. To search for drinkable water. D. To find food for his animals.
13. What do we know about Afriscout
A. It was released in California at first. B. It can take photos of a satellite.
C. It will be used in more African countries. D. It eases Kenyan environmental problems.
14. From which section of a website is the text probably taken
A. Environment. B. Technology.
C. Lifestyle. D. Economy.
15. What is the main idea of the text
A. Hi-tech can protect animals and incomes. B. Afriscout faces some challenges in Kenya.
C. An app helps herders cut risk from drought. D. An organization invented an app for the poor.
高三二轮复习 阅读理解(石室安魂卷6-10)专项训练2
真题多维细目表
命题规律与备考策略:
1.阅读理解的文章体裁以说明文为主,以应用文、议论文、记叙文为辅。
2.从设题角度看,阅读理解的考频由高到低为:细节理解,推理判断,主旨要义,猜测词义。
备考过程中,要力求做到:
①弄清关键词汇、短语的确切含义,深人分析长难句,每周进行1至2次精读训练;
②提高阅读速度和准确度,采用正确的阅读方法, 注意力集中在语意上,多用略读、跳读、扫读和回读的快捷方法,最短的时间内找寻关键词、主题句及作者意图等重要信息。
3.阅读理解(高2023届石室安魂卷6-10)再现:
卷6:
A
SUMMER 2021 JOURNALISM WORKSHOP
ABOUT THE WORKSHOP:
In this workshop, teens learn radio journalism, storytelling skills and how to write, listen, and talk to people, build confidence, and work with others while creating a true radio story about one person. The 2021 workshop will run from Monday, July 12 through Friday, August 6, 2021.
This is an opportunity open to teens ages 15—18 in the Greater Seattle area, with a small entry fee charged. By finishing this workshop, you earn the opportunity to keep making radio on our website as an advanced producer. For successfully completing the workshop, you’ll earn $ 600. No previous journalism experience is necessary.
APPLICATION TIPS:
Participants are selected based on the strength of their applications. We receive many more applications than we can accept, so show us your best self! The most important part of the application is the Story Idea. Don’t worry about grammar or spelling in your application. You don’t have to write formally. We just want to get to know the real you, and what you care about.
YOU SHOULD APPLY IF:
★ You are 15 — 18 years old (you must be 15 by July 12, 2021).
★ You’re excited to use media to tell true stories.
★ You want to share all sides of the story as a journalist.
In this workshop, you will work with a professional guide to produce a true radio story about one person in your home or community. The story you produce will be posted on our website.
APPLICATION DEADLINE:
The early application deadline is 11:59 PM on Tuesday, March 9. The final application deadline is 11:59 PM on Tuesday, May 4. The application process will become more competitive after the first deadline passes, so seize the day!
1. What does the workshop provide
A. A sponsorship of 600 dollars. B. Free guidance from a professional teacher.
C. Training in being a producer. D. A chance to improve communication skills.
2. What is necessary for an applicant to stand out
A. Experience as a journalist. B. A unique idea for a story.
C. Rich content of the application. D. A good command of media.
3. What is suggested in the last paragraph
A. Applicants should apply on March 9. B. The application should be handed in twice.
C. Applicants had better apply early. D. The application process is complex.
【全文翻译】
2021年夏季新闻讲习班
关于讲习班:
在讲习班上,青少年学习广播新闻、讲故事技巧以及如何写作、倾听和与人交谈,建立自信,并在创作关于某个人的真实的广播故事的同时与他人共事。2021年讲习班将于2021年7月12日(周一)至8月6日(周五)期间进行。
这是面向大西雅图地区的15至18岁青少年开放的一个机会,只收取很少的入场费。 一旦完成这次讲习班看,你就有机会继续在我们的网站以高级制作人的身份制作广播节目。 成功完成此次讲习班,你将获得600美元。不需要具备新闻工作经验。
申请提示:
参与者的选择是基于他们申请信中的优势。我们收到的申请信比我们所能接受的多很多,因此,向我们展现最好的自己!申请信中最重要的部分是故事构思。在申请时不要担心语法或拼写问题。你不用写得很正式。我们只是想了解真实的你以及你在意的东西。
如果符合下列要求,你应该申请:
★你的年龄在15至18岁之间(在2021年7月12日前,你必须年满15周岁)。
★你在利用媒介讲述真实故事时会感到兴奋。
★你想以记者的身份分享故事的方方面面。
在这个讲习班,你将在专业的指导下创作一个关于你家里或者社区里的某个人的真实的广播故事。我们将会把你创作的这个故事发布到我们的网站上。
申请细节:
第一批申请的截止时间为3月9日(周二)的晚上11:59。最后一批的申请截止时间为5月4日(周二)的晚上11:59。第一批申请截止日期过后,申请过程将会更具有竞争力,因此,抓紧时间!
【语篇类型】应用文 【主题语境】人与自我
【文章大意】文章介绍了2021年夏季新闻讲习班的招生对象、条件等内容。
1. D【关键能力】考查理解具体信息的能力。
【解题思路】根据ABOUT THE WORKSHOP部分中的“In this workshop, teens learn radio journalism, storytelling skills and how to write, listen, and talk to people”可知,通过参加该讲习班,青少年能够学习如何写作、倾听以及与人交流,即提髙沟通技巧。
2. B【关键能力】考查理解具体信息的能力。
【解题思路】根据APPLICATION TIPS部分中的“The most important part of the application is the Story Idea”以及 YOU SHOULD APPLY IF部分中的“You’re excited to use media to tell true stories”可知,申请者想脱颖而出,最重要的是在申请信中展示一个极好的真实故事的构思,故选B。
3. C【关键能力】考查推理判断的能力。
【解题思路】根据最后一段中的“The application process will become more competitive after the first deadline passes, so seize the day”可知,在第一个截止日期过后,申请竞争会更加激烈,申请者应该抓紧时间,由此可推断,申请者最好尽早申请。
B
The first time a tortoise walked through my shelter on Aldabra Atoll in the Seychelles, I was amazed. I immediately took out my camera and carefully positioned myself to photograph our first meeting. The second time: same thing. The third time: I picked up my phone and took a shot. By the fourth or fifth time, I didn’t even look when I felt something hit me. I knew what it was.
I was there to shoot a story about island restoration(修复) in the Seychelles. Until the middle of the past century, what you could see in this small island nation were local plants cleared to make way for coconut plantations(种植园), foreign rats running uncontrolled, native sea turtles and tortoises being badly treated. But then the country experienced a shift in conservation awareness — and the Aldabra tortoises are among its most visible signs.
Every morning when I walked outside the shelter, I had to remind myself I hadn’t traveled back in time. I could see flightless Aldabra rails, coconut crabs(蟹), the size of dinner plates and tortoises wandering around. The number of sharks in the bay was large. Frigate birds nested in the mangrove trees.
In the late afternoon or early evening, whenever they finished eating, the tortoises would lie down on their stomachs and sleep. That made nighttime trips to the faraway toilet perilous. To get there, I had to negotiate what I called the “tortoise path”. Avoiding them was important: Falling headfirst over a tortoise onto the sharp rock wasn’t joking on an island far from medical resources.
Nothing was easy on Aldabra. Yet living among the tortoises in this primitive place, in one of the last spots where animals still rule, was one of the happiest times of my life.
4. How did the author finally feel about the tortoises’ appearing in his room
A. Shocked. B. Excited. C. Calm. D. Nervous.
5. What happened to the island nation by the middle of the last century
A. Agriculture developed fast.
B. Its ecosystem was damaged a lot.
C. It began environment conservation.
D. A range of foreign animals were introduced.
6. What does the author focus on in paragraph 3
A. His daily routine on Aldabra. B. Diversity of wildlife on Aldabra.
C. Happy moments of his shooting job. D. Peaceful coexistence of man and nature.
7. What does the underlined word “perilous” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Risky. B. Frightening.
C. Effortless. D. Competitive.
【全文翻译】
第一次,一只陆龟穿过我在塞舌尔阿尔达布拉环礁上的住处时,我很惊讶。我立即拿出了我的相机,小心翼翼地摆好架势用相片记录下我们的第一次会面。第二次,同样的事情。第三次:我拿起我的手机并拍了照。到了第四或第五次,当我感觉有什么东西碰到我时,我甚至连看都不看。我知道那是什么。
我那时在拍摄一个关于塞舌尔岛屿修复的故事。直到上世纪中期,你会在这个小岛国看到的是当地植物被清理来为椰子种植园腾出空间,外来老鼠肆意奔窜,不受控制,当地海龟和陆龟受到恶劣对待。但随后,该国经历了环保意识的转变——阿尔达布拉陆龟是最明显的标志之一。
每天早上,当我走出房屋时,我不得不提醒自己,我没有穿越时空回到过去。我可以看到不能飞行的阿尔达布拉秧鸡,餐盘大小的椰子蟹和到处游荡的陆龟。海湾里鲨鱼的数量巨大。军舰鸟栖息在红树林中。
在下午晚些时候或傍晚,每当陆龟进食完毕,它们就会趴着睡觉。这使得夜晚去远处厕所的路充满危险。为了到达那里,我不得不小心通过我所称的“陆龟小道”。避免碰上陆龟是很重要的:在一个缺乏医疗资源的岛上,被陆龟绊倒、一头栽到尖利的岩石上可不是开玩笑的。
在阿尔达布拉没有什么是容易的。但是与陆龟共居在这个原始的地方,在仅剩的动物主宰的地方之一,是我一生中最开心的一段时光。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了作者在塞舌尔群岛的阿尔达布拉环礁岛上的一次难忘的工作经历。
4. C【解析】考查考生理解作者情感态度的能力。根据第一段中的“By the fourth or fifth time, I didn’t even look when I felt something hit me. I knew what it was”(到第四或第五次的时候,当我感到有什么东西撞到我的时候,我甚至都没有看。我知道那是什么)可知,由于作者多次见到陆龟进入自己的住处,到最后,作者就见怪不怪,感觉很平常了。故选C项。
5. B【解析】考查考生根据所给信息进行推断的能力。根据第二段中的“local plants cleared to make way for coconut plantations(种植园), foreign rats running uncontrolled, native sea turtles and tortoises being badly treated”可知,到上个世纪中期,你能在这个小岛国看到的景象是当地的植物被清理以为椰子种植园腾出空间,外来老鼠不受控制地到处乱跑,本地海龟和陆龟受到恶劣对待。由此可推知,该岛的生态系统曾遭到破坏。故选B项。
6. B【解析】考查考生理解段落主旨要义的能力。根据第三段的内容,尤其是“flightless Aldabra rails, coconut crabs(蟹) the size of dinner plates and tortoises wandering around. The number of sharks in the bay was large. Frigate birds nested in the mangrove trees”可知,作者在本段重点介绍了阿尔达布拉环礁岛上的生物,说明了岛上生物的多样性。故选B项。
7. A【解析】考查考生对特定语境下词汇意义的推测能力。本段提到傍晚时陆龟在地上随意栖息和作者夜晚去远处的厕所的事,根据本段中的“To get there, I had to negotiate what I called the ‘tortoise path’. Avoiding them was important: Falling headfirst over a tortoise onto the sharp rock wasn’t joking on an island far from medical resources”可知,作者夜晚出去时需要避开这些陆龟,而且在缺乏医疗资源的岛上,被陆龟绊倒、一头栽到尖利的岩石上可不是开玩笑的。也就是说,陆龟在地上随意栖息这件事使得作者夜晚去远处的厕所的路程变得充满危险。画线词 perilous的含义是“危险的”,risky与之含义相近。故选A项。
C
Western monarch butterflies(帝王蝶) spend their winters on the central California coast. A few months later, they produce young in the Central Valley and as far north and east as Idaho. But where they go in between remains an open question to biologists. Therefore, a group of biologists call on anyone who spots a monarch north of Santa Barbara this spring to get a quick shot and email them the photo with a date and a location.
“Something’s going on in early spring,” said Cheryl Schultz, a professor at Washington State University Vancouver. Winter survival isn’t the problem in the short term, but they don’t know whether the monarchs are not making it to producing places, not finding plants to feed themselves along the way, she said.
The Western monarch population stood in the millions in the 1980s. In 2017, an annual count found 200,000 butterflies. In 2018, the number fell to about 30,000 — a figure that held steady last year. The monarchs’ decline is part of a larger trend among dozens of butterfly species(物种) in the West. What exactly caused the decline Biologists attach it to a variety of reasons. Many chemicals are sprayed on the milkweed monarchs will feed on. Climate change also plays a role in challenges facing monarchs. Yet, they’re not nearly as threatening as those leading to loss of their living room. Farms used to have rough borders that were grounds for the plants monarchs love and live in. However, newly applied practices pushed crops to the edge of fields.
“Butterflies often have good years and bad. We do think there’s potential to turn the situation around,” Dr. Schultz said. And she said she saw two reasons for that. First, the population decline seen in 2017-2018 wasn’t repeated last year. And second, she’s seen butterfly populations recover before.
8. Why do the biologists need the public’s help
A. To confirm monarchs’ producing places. B. To find how monarchs survive the winter.
C. To address the unknown about monarchs. D. To know the distance that monarchs cover.
9. Which of the following harms monarchs most
A. New farming practices. B. Lack of healthy food.
C. Wide use of chemicals. D. Severe climate change.
10. What is Dr. Schultz’s attitude towards monarchs’ future
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Worried. D. Cautious.
11. What’s the best title for the text
A. What Is Happening to the Monarchs
B. Why the Monarchs Are Flying Away
C. Where All the Monarchs Have Gone
D. How the Monarchs Adapt to Nature
【全文翻译】
西方帝王蝶在加利福尼亚中部海岸过冬。几个月后,它们在中央谷及爱达荷州北部和东部进行繁殖。但是它们在此之间会去哪里对生物学家来说仍然是一个未知的问题。因此,一群生物学家呼吁任何今年春天在圣巴巴拉市北部发现帝王蝶的人快速拍摄,并把照片通过电子邮件发送给他们,配上日期和地点。
“今年春天早些时候,有一些状况发生,” 温哥华华盛顿州立大学教授谢丽尔·舒尔茨说。冬日存活在短期并不是问题,但是他们不知道帝王蝶是否会支撑到繁殖地,因为没有发现路途中有植物可食用,她说。
20世纪80年代,西方帝王蝶的数量为百万。2017年,年度数据显示有20万只蝴蝶。2018年,数量下降到约3万——与去年数量持平。帝王蝶的减少是西方多种蝴蝶物种减少大趋势的一部分。具体是什么导致了这种减少?生物学家把它归咎于很多原因。帝王蝶食用的乳草属植物上被喷洒了很多农药。气候变化也是帝王蝶面临的一个挑战。然而,这些原因远非像导致它们失去生存空间的原因一样有威胁性。农场过去通常有着粗糙的边界,这些边界是帝王蝶喜欢的植物的生长地,也是帝王蝶生活的地方。然而,新实施的耕作方式将农作物推到了田地的边缘。
“蝴蝶往往会遇上好年和坏年。我们确实认为这种情况可能改变,”舒尔茨博士说。并且她这么说有两个原因。第一,2017—2018年的数量下降没有在去年重演。第二,她之前也见