人教版（2019）英语选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection Learning about Language课时练习（含解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）英语选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection Learning about Language课时练习（含解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-07 12:28:18 | ||
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Unit 3 Environmental Protection Learning about Language
一、填空
1.All participants here have been talking about one subject, and that is a ______(harmony) coexistence.
2.It is said that all applications must ______(submit) by Monday.
3.Such behaviour should not ______(tolerate).
4.Robert is said ________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.
5.He _______ (release) from prison after serving a sentence of five years the year before last.
6.The problem that the teacher referred to in his lecture was beyond my ______ (comprehend).
7.We must ensure that tourism develops _____ harmony with the environment.
8.Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we build a _____ (harmony) society.
9.The measure aims ______ (improve) the communication between parents and children.
10.Terrible conditions often force us _____ (overcome) our weaknesses over and over again.
11.Normal-speed trains play a vital role in railway transport and also serve as an important choice for passengers, transporting over one-third of all railway passengers _____ (annual).
12.After a heated discussion, we decided to submit our plans _____ the council for approval.
13.I asked my group members what they did _______ (limit) the amount of carbon dioxide produced in their daily lives.
14.The doctor advised me ______ (take) a complete rest so that I could make a complete recovery.
15.The virus that is spreading in that region can lead ______ deadly complications, such as pneumonia.
二、阅读理解
"Want to help fight global warming Take off your tie," says the Italian health ministry.
It has urged employers to let their staff dress casually at work in the summer so that the air conditioning can be turned down.
"Taking your tie off immediately lowers the body temperature by 2 or 3 degrees centigrade," the ministry said in a statement. "Allowing a more sensible use of air conditioning brings about electricity savings and protects the environment."
It called on all public and private offices to let employees wear no tie during heatwaves like the one that has brought Africa-like temperatures to many parts of Italy this week.
The move echoes(回应) a similar action from Italy's biggest oil group, ENI, which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work.
The tie makers, however, were left hot under the collar.
"Italy confirms that it is a strange country," Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter to financial daily Il Sole 24 Ore under the headline: "I, tie maker, am responsible for global warming."
"We can now happily continue with our lifestyle, using cars, consuming fuel, heating and cooling our homes at leisure. On one condition: we should not wear a tie while we do so," he wrote.
"I should have listened to my friends and become an oil producer instead."
Italy is one of the European Union's worst performers on the pollution front and is among the EU countries expected to exceed(超出) their greenhouse gas emission(排放) targets.
1.What's the purpose of the move of taking off ties
A.To dress casually. B.To fight global warming.
C.To keep the body temperature. D.To improve working conditions.
2.Who first encouraged employees to take off ties
A.ENI. B.Flavio Cima.
C.A financial daily. D.The Italian health ministry.
3.What does the underlined part "hot under the collar" in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A.Angry. B.Speechless. C.Delighted. D.Puzzled.
4.Which of the following is TRUE about Flavio Cima
A.He stands by the oil group. B.He agrees with the ministry.
C.He admits his responsibility. D.He argues against taking off ties.
As global temperatures rise, trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster. For the past 100 years, trees have been experiencing fast growth in mild areas from Maryland to Finland, to Central Europe, where the growth rate of some trees has even sped up by nearly 77% since 1870. Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building, burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense(茂密的) as it used to be
Hans Pretzsch, a forest scientist at the Technical University of Munich in Germany, and his colleagues wanted to find an answer. They carried out a study of the forests of Central Europe. They started with small pieces of experimental land in southern Germany, some of which have been continuously monitored since 1870. Pretzsch and his team took core samples (样品) from the trees — which included Norway spruce, sessile oak, European beech, and Scots pine — and analyzed the tree rings using a high-frequency probe.
They found that in all four species, wood density had decreased by 8% to 12%. "We expected a trend of the wood density like this, but not such a strong and significant decrease," Pretzsch says. Increasing temperatures, and the faster growth they spur, probably account for some of the drop. Another factor, Pretzsch says, is more nitrogen in the soil from agricultural fertilizer and vehicle exhaust. Previous studies have linked increased fertilizer use to decreased wood density. Above all, the study suggests that the higher temperatures — combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms — are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable.
"I am getting worried," says Richard Houghton, an ecologist at the Woods Hole Research Center in Falmouth, Massachusetts, who was not part of the new study. As the density of the samples dropped, so did their carbon content. That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at soaking up(吸收) the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) than scientists think, Houghton says.
5.Paragraph 1 is written to _________.
A.prove an idea B.introduce the topic C.give an example D.describe a fact
6.What does the study show
A.Farming slows trees' growth.
B.More areas are covered with forests.
C.Climate warming changes the quality of wood.
D.Pollution leads to higher temperatures.
7.What does Richard Houghton mean
A.Great loss might be caused. B.Storm damage can be prevented.
C.The size of forests might be increased. D.Less greenhouse gases can be sent out.
8.What is the best title for the passage
A.We only have one earth B.Trees — our best friends
C.The influence of climate change D.Trees are growing faster, but weaker
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：harmonious
2.答案：be submitted
3.答案：be tolerated
4.答案：to have studied
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：据说罗伯特曾经在国外学习过，但我不知道是在哪个国家。从后面studied所用过去时态可知这一事件早已发生，即study表示的动作发生在is said之前，所以须用to have done形式。
5.答案：was released
解析：考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：前年他在服刑5年后被释出狱。主语He与release之间为被动关系，因此用被动语态；根据时间状语the year before last判断此处用一般过去时。主语是He，因此填was released。
6.答案：comprehension
解析：考查名词。句意：我无法理解老师在他的讲座中提到的那个问题。beyond one's comprehension某人无法理解。
7.答案：in
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：我们必须确保旅游业的发展与环境相协调。in harmony with意思为"与……和谐，与……一致"。
8.答案：harmonious
解析：考查形容词。句意：只有当我们意识到互相帮助的重要性时，我们才能建立一个和谐社会。结合句意并根据空前的a和空后的society可知，空处应填形容词。harmonious"和谐的"。
9.答案：to improve
解析：考查aim的用法。句意：该措施旨在促进家长和孩子的交流。aim to do sth."旨在做某事"。
10.答案：to overcome
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：恶劣的条件常常迫使我们一次又一次克服弱点。force sb. to do sth.是常用搭配，意为"迫使某人做某事"。
11.答案：annually
解析：考查词形转换。句意：普速列车在铁路运输中发挥着重要作用，同时也是乘客的重要选择，每年运送超过三分之一的铁路旅客。根据句意可知，空处应用副词作状语。
12.答案：to
解析：考查固定短语。句意：经过一场激烈的讨论，我们决定向委员会提交我们的计划以求批准。submit...to...是固定搭配，意为"向……提交…… "。
13.答案：to limit
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我问我的组员他们做了什么来限制在他们的日常生活中产生的二氧化碳的量。动词不定式在此处表示目的。
14.答案：to take
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:医生建议我完全休息以便我能彻底康复。advise sb. to do sth.意思为"建议某人做某事"。
15.答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意：正在那个地区传播的病毒可能导致致命的并发症，比如肺炎。lead to导致，引起，to是介词。
二、阅读理解
答案：1-4 BAAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知, 解掉领带的目的是抵御全球变暖。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段中的"...ENI, which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work"可知, ENI最早告诉员工上班可以不戴领带。故选A。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线部分下一段的内容可知, 这种鼓励员工不戴领带的行为引起了领带制造商的不满, 由此推知A项符合题意。
4.细节理解题。根据倒数第四段内容可知, 领带制造商Flavio Cima对于员工上班不戴领带这件事非常生气, 显然他对戴领带会使气候变暖的看法持反对态度。故选D。
答案：5-8.BCAD
解析：5.考查写作目的。根据第一段中的"Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building, burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense(茂密的) as it used to be "可知,第一段提出问题,启发读者进行思考,从而引入本文的话题。故选B。
6.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"the study suggests that the higher temperatures—combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms—are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable"可知,对森林的研究表明,气候变暖会改变木材的质量。故选C。
7.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at soaking up(吸收) the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide(CO2) than scientists think"可知,Houghton的意思是随着木材密度降低,其碳含量也会降低。这样森林受暴风雨的损害更多,树木吸收二氧化碳的效率降低,从而给人们造成巨大的损失。故选A。
8.考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"As global temperatures rise, trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster"和第三段中的"the study suggests that the higher temperatures—combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms—are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable"可知,本文讲述的是气候变暖促进了树木的生长,但同时树木的密度降低,使树木更脆弱。故选D。
2
一、填空
1.All participants here have been talking about one subject, and that is a ______(harmony) coexistence.
2.It is said that all applications must ______(submit) by Monday.
3.Such behaviour should not ______(tolerate).
4.Robert is said ________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.
5.He _______ (release) from prison after serving a sentence of five years the year before last.
6.The problem that the teacher referred to in his lecture was beyond my ______ (comprehend).
7.We must ensure that tourism develops _____ harmony with the environment.
8.Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we build a _____ (harmony) society.
9.The measure aims ______ (improve) the communication between parents and children.
10.Terrible conditions often force us _____ (overcome) our weaknesses over and over again.
11.Normal-speed trains play a vital role in railway transport and also serve as an important choice for passengers, transporting over one-third of all railway passengers _____ (annual).
12.After a heated discussion, we decided to submit our plans _____ the council for approval.
13.I asked my group members what they did _______ (limit) the amount of carbon dioxide produced in their daily lives.
14.The doctor advised me ______ (take) a complete rest so that I could make a complete recovery.
15.The virus that is spreading in that region can lead ______ deadly complications, such as pneumonia.
二、阅读理解
"Want to help fight global warming Take off your tie," says the Italian health ministry.
It has urged employers to let their staff dress casually at work in the summer so that the air conditioning can be turned down.
"Taking your tie off immediately lowers the body temperature by 2 or 3 degrees centigrade," the ministry said in a statement. "Allowing a more sensible use of air conditioning brings about electricity savings and protects the environment."
It called on all public and private offices to let employees wear no tie during heatwaves like the one that has brought Africa-like temperatures to many parts of Italy this week.
The move echoes(回应) a similar action from Italy's biggest oil group, ENI, which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work.
The tie makers, however, were left hot under the collar.
"Italy confirms that it is a strange country," Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter to financial daily Il Sole 24 Ore under the headline: "I, tie maker, am responsible for global warming."
"We can now happily continue with our lifestyle, using cars, consuming fuel, heating and cooling our homes at leisure. On one condition: we should not wear a tie while we do so," he wrote.
"I should have listened to my friends and become an oil producer instead."
Italy is one of the European Union's worst performers on the pollution front and is among the EU countries expected to exceed(超出) their greenhouse gas emission(排放) targets.
1.What's the purpose of the move of taking off ties
A.To dress casually. B.To fight global warming.
C.To keep the body temperature. D.To improve working conditions.
2.Who first encouraged employees to take off ties
A.ENI. B.Flavio Cima.
C.A financial daily. D.The Italian health ministry.
3.What does the underlined part "hot under the collar" in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A.Angry. B.Speechless. C.Delighted. D.Puzzled.
4.Which of the following is TRUE about Flavio Cima
A.He stands by the oil group. B.He agrees with the ministry.
C.He admits his responsibility. D.He argues against taking off ties.
As global temperatures rise, trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster. For the past 100 years, trees have been experiencing fast growth in mild areas from Maryland to Finland, to Central Europe, where the growth rate of some trees has even sped up by nearly 77% since 1870. Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building, burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense(茂密的) as it used to be
Hans Pretzsch, a forest scientist at the Technical University of Munich in Germany, and his colleagues wanted to find an answer. They carried out a study of the forests of Central Europe. They started with small pieces of experimental land in southern Germany, some of which have been continuously monitored since 1870. Pretzsch and his team took core samples (样品) from the trees — which included Norway spruce, sessile oak, European beech, and Scots pine — and analyzed the tree rings using a high-frequency probe.
They found that in all four species, wood density had decreased by 8% to 12%. "We expected a trend of the wood density like this, but not such a strong and significant decrease," Pretzsch says. Increasing temperatures, and the faster growth they spur, probably account for some of the drop. Another factor, Pretzsch says, is more nitrogen in the soil from agricultural fertilizer and vehicle exhaust. Previous studies have linked increased fertilizer use to decreased wood density. Above all, the study suggests that the higher temperatures — combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms — are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable.
"I am getting worried," says Richard Houghton, an ecologist at the Woods Hole Research Center in Falmouth, Massachusetts, who was not part of the new study. As the density of the samples dropped, so did their carbon content. That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at soaking up(吸收) the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) than scientists think, Houghton says.
5.Paragraph 1 is written to _________.
A.prove an idea B.introduce the topic C.give an example D.describe a fact
6.What does the study show
A.Farming slows trees' growth.
B.More areas are covered with forests.
C.Climate warming changes the quality of wood.
D.Pollution leads to higher temperatures.
7.What does Richard Houghton mean
A.Great loss might be caused. B.Storm damage can be prevented.
C.The size of forests might be increased. D.Less greenhouse gases can be sent out.
8.What is the best title for the passage
A.We only have one earth B.Trees — our best friends
C.The influence of climate change D.Trees are growing faster, but weaker
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：harmonious
2.答案：be submitted
3.答案：be tolerated
4.答案：to have studied
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：据说罗伯特曾经在国外学习过，但我不知道是在哪个国家。从后面studied所用过去时态可知这一事件早已发生，即study表示的动作发生在is said之前，所以须用to have done形式。
5.答案：was released
解析：考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：前年他在服刑5年后被释出狱。主语He与release之间为被动关系，因此用被动语态；根据时间状语the year before last判断此处用一般过去时。主语是He，因此填was released。
6.答案：comprehension
解析：考查名词。句意：我无法理解老师在他的讲座中提到的那个问题。beyond one's comprehension某人无法理解。
7.答案：in
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：我们必须确保旅游业的发展与环境相协调。in harmony with意思为"与……和谐，与……一致"。
8.答案：harmonious
解析：考查形容词。句意：只有当我们意识到互相帮助的重要性时，我们才能建立一个和谐社会。结合句意并根据空前的a和空后的society可知，空处应填形容词。harmonious"和谐的"。
9.答案：to improve
解析：考查aim的用法。句意：该措施旨在促进家长和孩子的交流。aim to do sth."旨在做某事"。
10.答案：to overcome
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：恶劣的条件常常迫使我们一次又一次克服弱点。force sb. to do sth.是常用搭配，意为"迫使某人做某事"。
11.答案：annually
解析：考查词形转换。句意：普速列车在铁路运输中发挥着重要作用，同时也是乘客的重要选择，每年运送超过三分之一的铁路旅客。根据句意可知，空处应用副词作状语。
12.答案：to
解析：考查固定短语。句意：经过一场激烈的讨论，我们决定向委员会提交我们的计划以求批准。submit...to...是固定搭配，意为"向……提交…… "。
13.答案：to limit
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我问我的组员他们做了什么来限制在他们的日常生活中产生的二氧化碳的量。动词不定式在此处表示目的。
14.答案：to take
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:医生建议我完全休息以便我能彻底康复。advise sb. to do sth.意思为"建议某人做某事"。
15.答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意：正在那个地区传播的病毒可能导致致命的并发症，比如肺炎。lead to导致，引起，to是介词。
二、阅读理解
答案：1-4 BAAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知, 解掉领带的目的是抵御全球变暖。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段中的"...ENI, which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work"可知, ENI最早告诉员工上班可以不戴领带。故选A。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线部分下一段的内容可知, 这种鼓励员工不戴领带的行为引起了领带制造商的不满, 由此推知A项符合题意。
4.细节理解题。根据倒数第四段内容可知, 领带制造商Flavio Cima对于员工上班不戴领带这件事非常生气, 显然他对戴领带会使气候变暖的看法持反对态度。故选D。
答案：5-8.BCAD
解析：5.考查写作目的。根据第一段中的"Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building, burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense(茂密的) as it used to be "可知,第一段提出问题,启发读者进行思考,从而引入本文的话题。故选B。
6.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"the study suggests that the higher temperatures—combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms—are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable"可知,对森林的研究表明,气候变暖会改变木材的质量。故选C。
7.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at soaking up(吸收) the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide(CO2) than scientists think"可知,Houghton的意思是随着木材密度降低,其碳含量也会降低。这样森林受暴风雨的损害更多,树木吸收二氧化碳的效率降低,从而给人们造成巨大的损失。故选A。
8.考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"As global temperatures rise, trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster"和第三段中的"the study suggests that the higher temperatures—combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms—are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable"可知,本文讲述的是气候变暖促进了树木的生长,但同时树木的密度降低,使树木更脆弱。故选D。
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