外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册 学案Unit5 Into the unknown 单元考点突破学案（有答案）

名师原创：Unit5 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. correspond v．相一致；符合；类似于；相当于；通信
【原句再现】
Through comparison，he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. (教材P50)
【词块积累】
correspond with/to　与……相一致；符合
correspond with 与……通信
corresponding adj.相应的，相关联的
【精品例句】
Your account of the event does not correspond with/to hers.
你对事情的陈述与她说的不相符。
The two maps of London correspond closely.
这两张伦敦的地图很相似。
His actions do not correspond with/to his ideas.
他的行为与观点不一致。
【高考链接】
The translation does not quite correspond ________ the original. (浙江卷) (to/with)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
You will allow me to consider that I correspond ______ him through you. (with)
March and April sales this year were up 8 per cent on the ______ (correspond)period of last year. (corresponding)
2. base v. 以……为依据；n.根据地，基地
【原句再现】
Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. (教材P 50)
【词块积累】
basis n．基础；根据
on the basis of…　在……的基础上，根据……
on a regular basis 定期
be based on… 以……为基础
【精品例句】
The basis of her opinion is something she read in the magazine.
她的意见的依据是从杂志里看来的。
The article will form the basis for our discussion.
这篇文章将形成我们讨论的基础。
My theory is established on the solid basis of facts.
我的理论是以可靠的事实作为根据的。
【高考链接】
I suggested that we meet _____ a regular basis to discuss the progress. ( 陕西卷) (on)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Don't evaluate a person on the basis _____ appearance. (of)
The novel is based (base) on historical facts. (on/upon)
3. bury v．埋住；把(某物)掩藏在地下，埋藏；掩盖，遮盖
【原句再现】
Based on this，he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. (教材P50)
【词块积累】
bury one's head/face in one's hands 用手捂住头/脸
bury oneself in…＝be buried in…埋头于；专心于
be buried in thought 沉思
【精品例句】
The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it.
海盗们过去常把金子埋藏在那个洞里，可后来却没能取走。
He'd had to bury his pain over the years.
他不得不将痛苦掩藏多年。
The dog buried its bone in the garden.
狗把骨头埋在花园里。
【高考链接】
_________ (bury)in his study, he wasn't aware that all the others had left.(江西课改卷) (Buried)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
________ (bury)his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping. (Burying)
The old lady _______ (bury) in reading all the afternoon. (is/was buried)
4. apply v. 申请；应用，运用，使用；努力，使专注于…；手压，脚踩；涂; 敷；
对…适用/有效
【原句再现】
They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar，which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. (教材P50)
【词块积累】
applicant n. 申请人； 应征者
application n. 申请；申请书；申请表
a job application 求职申请
submit an application 提交申请
fill in /out an application 填写申请表
apply for a job/passport/visa申请工作/护照/签证
apply to sb./sth. for sth. 向某人或某单位申请…
apply oneself to sth./doing sth. 专注于某事/做某事
apply the brakes踩刹车
【精品例句】
He applied to a university. 他向一所大学提出了申情
It is also a good idea to apply something as soon as you learn it学了就用也是个好主意
The new technology was applied to farming 这项制技术被应用于农业
Apply the cream evenly to your face and neck.将乳霜均匀地涂抹于你的面部和颈部
He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.他按住伤口以减少流血,直到警察和救护车赶到。
【高考链接】
He applied to Nadia Boulanger, the well-known musician, for composition study. （山东卷.完型）
If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. （山东卷.语法填空）
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Over the next months, he applied himself to ______(improve) the technique. (improving)
We applied to the famous company _____ some positions at last. (for)
5. contain vt. 包含，容纳，含有
【原句再现】
It contained more than 800 characters, with some signs representing animals, people and objects and others representing syllables. (教材P50)
【词块积累】
container n. 容器，器皿，集装箱
辨析：include与 contain
include 指一个事物包括几部分；而contain 指事物本身所包含的固有的成分
【精品例句】
Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people.
有些动植物体内含有对人类有害的天然毒素 （广东卷）
A CD-ROM is a separate disk that contains lots of information.
只读光盘是一个可容纳大量信息的独立碟片
The medical team is composed of 12 people, including 3 children.
这个医疗队有十二个人组成，其中包括三个孩子
This kind of stone contains much salt. 这种石头含有盐
【高考链接】
Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it ___. (全国卷)
A. collected B. contained C. loaded D. saved (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Sea water ______ (contains/includes) a lot of salt. (contains)
6. decline vi.下降；衰弱，衰退；谢绝，婉言拒绝
【原句再现】
Yet, within just a couple of generations，it began to mysteriously decline. (教材P51)
【词块积累】
a decline in...　在……(方面)的下降
in decline＝on the decline处于衰退中，下降
decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
decline by/to... 下降了/下降到……
【精品例句】
The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.
9月份，经济继续呈现出衰退的迹象。
This decline in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing.
这种随着时间流逝的活力衰退就叫作衰老。
His health has begun to decline recently.
他的健康状况最近开始恶化。
【高考链接】
When I came to the airport，I saw that the place ____________ (surround) by police.
(江西课改卷) (was surrounded)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Steve arrived and sat in the front row，_______ (surround)by his family. (surrounded)
Standing on the top，we admired the _____ (surround) scenes. (surrounding)
She was faced with a new job in unfamiliar ______ (surrounding). (surroundings)
7. claim n．&vt. 夺取(生命)；主张；宣称；认领；索取；夺去；断言
【原句再现】
When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches, the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements. (教材P51)
【词块积累】
claim to do... 声称做……
It is claimed that... 据称……
make a claim 声称；断言
【精品例句】
We agree to accept all your claim.
我方同意接受贵方的所有索赔
We will see those who claim to be leaders for the peace.
我们将看到那些声称自己带来和平的领导人
It is claimed that some doctors are working 80 hours a week.
据称有些医生每周工作80小时
【高考链接】
In health food stores，you'll find dozens of products that claim __ (do) wonders for your brain. (江西课改卷) (to do)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He claimed himself ___ (be) the owner of the car. (to be)
He made _____ claim that he would be elected as president of the company. (a)
8. combination n. 结合，组合，联合
【原句再现】
Or was it a combinations of several different factors (教材P51)
【词块积累】
combine vt&vi．(使)结合，(使)组合；（使）化合，（使）混合
combine．．．with．．．　把……与……结合在一起
combine to do sth. 联合起来做某事
in combination with… 与……结合/联合
【精品例句】
Theory must be combined with practice. 理论必须和实践相结合
Steel is produced by combining iron with carbon.
钢是把铁加碳混合炼制而成的
We should combine theory with practice in our teaching.
在我们的教学中，我们应该把理论和实践结合起来。
If he can combine his ability with hard work，he should be very successful.
如果他能把自己的才能和勤奋结合起来，必定会很有成就。
We should combine work with rest. 我们应劳逸结合。
【高考链接】
A ____ (combine) of all kinds of factors led to her decision to resign. (陕西卷) (combination)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
A balanced diet can be better for our health when _____ (combine) with regular exercise. (combined)
9. lead to…. 引起，导致；通向
【原句再现】
This is likely to have led to a series of droughts, each lasting for a couple of years, including a “megadrought” around 900 AD. (教材P51)
【词块积累】
lead sb. to do sth.　　使某人做某事
lead sb. to/into ＋n. 带领某人去/进入……，使某人得出 (观点)
lead a．..life 过……的生活
lead the way 引路，带路
温馨告知：除lead to外，常见的表示“引起，导致”的词汇还有：cause，result in，bring about，contribute to等。
【精品例句】
Technological changes will inevitably lead to unemployment.
技术变革必然会导致失业。
This can lead to bodily weakness and muscle wastage.
这样可能会导致身体虚弱和肌肉萎缩。
This can lead to significant stress.
这可能会导致巨大的压力。
【高考链接】
The new evidence led to the high official ______ (arrest)．(浙江卷) (being arrested)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I want to know what led you _______ (take)up acting as a career. (to take)
10. rate n. 速度; 比率: 价格; 费用; v.|不用于进行时] 对…评估; 对…评价; 给划分等级
【原句再现】
Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places. (教材P51)
【词块积累】
a high rate of unemployment高失业率
be sold at a high rate 以高价出售
at any rate无论如何(anyway)
at this / that rate这样/那样的话:
【精品例句】
Our money was running out at an alarming rate. 我们的钱正在以惊人的速度消耗殆尽
The university is highly rated for its research. 这所大学因其研究工作而受到高度评价 The show was rated as a great success by critics.
评论家认为这场演出是一次巨大的成功
【高考链接】
The car is running at a ______ of eighty kilometers an hour. (陕西卷)
(rate/speed)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
_______ any rate, the medical supplies will reach you within a week. ( At )
If you go on _______ that rate, you will damage your health. ( at )
11. conflict n．武装冲突，战斗，战争，冲突，矛盾 v．矛盾，冲突，抵触
【原句再现】
These droughts would have led to food shortages, conflicts and, ultimately, the downfall of the cities. (教材P51)
【词块积累】
A conflict of opinions
A conflict of interest(s)
armed/military conflict 武装/军事冲突
come into conflict with 与……发生冲突
in conflict with 与……相冲突
conflict with 与……发生冲突
【精品例句
She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
他发现自己与父母在将来择业问题上存在分歧
His opinions conflicted with mine. 他的意见和我的意见不一致
My mother and I conflicted countless times over the years.
那些年我与母亲争吵了无数次
Armed conflict may break out at any moment. 武装冲突有一触即发之势
The two stories conflicted，so I did not know what to believe.
两个故事相冲突，我不知道相信哪一个
The conflict between the two countries finally caused a war.
两国间的冲突终于导致了一场战争
【高考链接】
In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the ____ in personality. (陕西卷)
A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
They often comes into conflict ______ each other. (with)
12. ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟；毁灭；失去工作(或地位等)；破产
【原句再现】
Its once great cities fell into ruin，leaving various mysteries for later people to solve. (教材P51)
【词块积累】
fall into ruin衰败
go to rack and ruin 变得一团糟
in ruins 毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪
【精品例句】
The scandal brought about his ruin.
那件丑闻使他身败名裂。
The farmers say recent inflation has driven them to the brink of ruin.
农民们说最近的通货膨胀使他们濒临破产。
The temples have fallen into ruin.
这些寺庙已破败不堪。
【高考链接】
The whole city lay in ______ (ruin)after the earthquake, which made them lie awake all night. (湖南卷) (ruins)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Years of fighting has left the area in ruins. (in)
They let the house go to rack and _______ (ruin). (ruin)
13. abandon vt .(不顾责任、义务等)抛弃；停止(支持或帮助)；舍弃；逃离n.放任；放纵
【原句再现】
But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. (教材P52)
【词块积累】
abandon sb.　遗弃某人/停止支持某人
abandon sth.　放弃某事/舍弃某物
abandon oneself to sth.沉溺于(某种情感)
abandoned adj. 抛弃了的；废弃的；放纵的
with abandon 纵情；放任地
【精品例句】
I decided not to abandon John when he was in such a desperate position.
我决定不在约翰走投无路的时候抛弃他。
The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being abandoned to the care of strangers.
研究表明，老人十分害怕被丢给陌生人照管。
The baby was abandoned by its mother.
这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。
【高考链接】
They discovered some valuable goods in the ______ (abandon)house. (湖南卷) (abandoned)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Snow forced many drivers _______ (abandon) their vehicles. (to abandon)
He abandoned ______ (he) to despair. (himself)
14. dismiss v．摒弃(想法等)，丢开；把(人)解雇，解职； 使……离开；解散(集会等)；拒绝考虑，否定
【原句再现】
Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilization are among people. (教材P52)
【词块积累】
dismiss sb. for sth.　因为……而解雇某人
dismiss sb. from…. 把某人从……解雇
dismiss sb./ sth. from one's mind 试图忘记某人或者某事
dismissal n. 解雇，免职
【精品例句】
Three workers were dismissed for being lazy.
三个工人因怠惰而被解雇。
The rich man didn't mind at all dismissing a servant from his place.
那个富翁对解雇佣人一点也不在意。
The man was dismissed from his job.
这个男的被解雇了。
【高考链接】
His boss dismissed him_____ his job for making too many mistakes. (广东卷) (from)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She tried to dismiss him _____ her mind. (from)
Do not come back. This is your final _______ (dismiss)． (dismissal)
15. convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服
【原句再现】
Which of the arguments in the passage did you find the most convincing (教材P52)
【词块积累】
convince sb. of sth.使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb. that... 使某人相信……
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convincing adj. 令人信服的
convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的
be convinced of ….. 相信……
be convinced (that)... (某人)相信……
【精品例句】
We've been trying to convince him to give up the plan．
我们一直在试图说服他放弃那个计划。
What she said convinced me that I was mistaken.
她说的话让我相信我错了。
I'm not going to believe it myself, never mind convince anyone else
我自己都不会相信，更别提说服别人了。
Robert's expression had obviously convinced her of his innocence.
罗伯特的表情显然使她相信他是清白的。
She needed to find a way to convince Michel he was wrong.
她需要想办法使米歇尔相信他错了。
【高考链接】
I don’t believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to _____ me. (江西卷)
A. convince B. inform C. guarantee D. refuse (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I am quite convinced ______ her experience in it. (of)
I'm not completely _______ (that)he knew the importance of practice. (convinced)
His speech was so _______ (convince) that everyone present believed what he said. (convincing)
●本单元其它重要词组
16. set sail 启航；扬帆起航
Today, some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail, there is little—if any—land on our planet left unexplored. (教材)
Last week the ship set sail for South America.
17. be equivalent to… 等同于….；相等于….；与….等效
In the very deepest ocean trenches that are more than 8,000 meters below the surface, the pressure is equivalent to 50 aeroplanes stacked one on top of another. (教材)
Eight kilometers id roughly equivalent to five miles.
18. hold a record 保持记录
The Jiaolong even holds the record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine, at 7,062 meters, giving China its place alongside the world’s top ocean explorers. (教材)
He holds the record for the longest consecutive amount of time spent in space.
19. final frontier 最后的边疆/边界/边境；终极世界
However, through closer international scientific, economic and cultural cooperation, we are all becoming part of a global mission to open up our planet’s final frontier.(教材)
Real-time interactions with the ocean could be the breakthrough we need to explore our planet’s final frontier.
20. do a further favor 再帮一个忙
And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favor for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road. (教材)
The current economy does a further favor for the development of small businesses.
21. be subject to…. 受制于….；遭受…；受…支配；易受….
In addition, the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust. (教材)
All flights are subject to delay.
●句型点拨
1. whatever引导让步状语从句
【原句再现】
Whatever the reasons, Maya civilization largely disappeared within the deep jungle. (教材P51)
句式分析：句子中whatever the reasons 是整个句子的让步状语从句。
【能力拓展】
※whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
※whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter when/where/how，意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。
※“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句，可放在主句前或主句后。
【精品例句】
Whatever the result is，we should accept it with a smile，because we have tried our best.
无论结果怎样，我们都要微笑着接受，因为我们已经尽全力了。
However far away we are，we feel close to each other.
无论距离有多远，我们都感觉彼此很亲近。
Whatever you do，don't look for a pay increase when you know the company is going through some difficulty.
不管你做什么，在知道公司遭遇困境时不要指望加薪。
Whatever you want to chat about，we'll do it tonight.
不管你想聊些什么，我们今晚聊个够。
Whatever you are doing，do something else when you want to smoke.
不管你在做什么，当你想抽烟的时候就做点别的事情吧。
【高考链接】
As young people, we are supposed to work hard and enjoy our work, no matter ______ ordinary it is. (湖北卷) (how)
_______ they looked, they saw nothing but ruins after the terrible earthquake. (陕西卷) (Wherever)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
_______ I'm unhappy，it is my friend who cheers me up. (Whenever)
_______ she says will not make any difference to our arrangements. (Whatever)
2. leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
【原句再现】
Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future. (教材P52)
句式分析：此句中的us 是leave 的宾语，thinking about...是us 的补足语。
【能力拓展】
※leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语
※leave＋宾语＋分词
※leave＋宾语＋不定式
※leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句/as引导的方式状语从句
温馨告知：在leave的复合结构中，宾补为现在分词时，通常表示主动、进行的动作；宾补为过去分词时，通常表示被动、完成的动作；宾补为不定式时，通常表示动作尚未发生。
【精品例句】
What disappoints me is that she leaves me to finish the work by myself.
使我失望的是她让我一个人完成这项工作。
You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.
把东西放在能够再次找到的地方，你们应该把这一点作为一条规则。
If you leave the water running when you don't use it，you are wasting.
如果不用水时你还让水一直流着，你是在浪费。
Don't leave the light on when you are not in the room.
当你不在房间时，别让灯开着。
Don't leave her waiting for you outside in the rain.
别让她在雨中等你。
【高考链接】
Hearing the bad news, he hurried home, leaving the books _______ (lie)open on the table. (陕西卷) (lying)
【考点训练】
You'd better leave the door______ (open)to let in fresh air. (open)
He had to go home, leaving the work _______ (finished)． (unfinished)
You should leave the lawyer _______ (settle)the problem. (to settle)
●名词性从句（详见语法课件）
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