外研版(2019)选择性必修第四册 Unit6 Space and beyond语法-精讲破学案(有答案)

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名称 外研版(2019)选择性必修第四册 Unit6 Space and beyond语法-精讲破学案(有答案)
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版本资源 外研版(2019)
科目 英语
更新时间 2023-03-07 14:50:45

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Unit 6 Space and beyond 语法-精讲破
复习情态动词
情态动词有can、could、may、might、have to、shall should、will would、dare、need、ought to等。情态动词(除have to、be able to外)通常无人称和数的变化,不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。
【观察l】can,could Can you lift this heavy box?你能举起这个重盒子吗?
At that time the little girl could not speak那时这个小女孩还不会说话。
Can/Could I use your computer for a moment?我可以用一会儿你的电脑吗?
This hall can hold500 people at least. 这个大厅至少能容纳500人。
—Can this be true?—这可能是真的吗?
—It can’/couldn’t be true. —那不可能是真的。
【归纳1】(1)表示能力。can表示 ① 的能力,could表示 ② 的能力;
(2)表示请求许可。could语气比can更委婉;
(3)表示推测时,can往往用于否定句和 ③ 中ould可用于各种句式。can表示的可能性比 could大;
(4)can还可以表示客观可能性。
【观察2】may,might
—May I watch TV after supper,Mum?——妈妈,晚饭后我能看电视吗?
—Yes,you can. —是的,可以。/—No mustn’t. 不,不准看。
He may/might be very busy now. 他现在或许很忙。
【归纳2】(1)表示请求和允许。mght比may语气更委婉。否定回答可用can’t或 ④ ,表示“不可以,禁止”。
(2)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might所表示的可能性比may小。
【观察3】must,have to
—Must we hand in our exercise books today.
—Yes,you must. /No,you don’t have to. /No you needn’t.
—我们今天必须交练习本吗?
—是,你们必须交。/不,你们没有必要交。
The party isn’t interesting. I really must go now.
聚会没趣。我现在真的要走了。
I had to work when I was your age.
我在你这个年纪时,必须要工作。
Your mother must be waiting for you now.
你母亲现在肯定在等你。
【归纳3】(1)表示必须、必要。在回答must引出的问句时,如果是否定的回答,不能用 mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用 needn’t或don’t have to(不必)
(2)must是说话人的 ⑤ 看法,而 have to则强调 ⑥ 需要。
(3)must可以用来表示推测、可能性(用于肯定的陈述句)。
【观察4】shal,should What shall we do this evening?今晚我们要做什么?
You shall fail if you don’t work hard. (警告)
如果你不努力工作你会失败的。
I don’t know why you should think that I did it.
我真不明白你竟然认为这件事是我干的。
【归纳4】(1)shll可用于主语为第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见;用于主语为第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心。
(2)should常与 what how、why等词连用,表示意外惊讶等情绪,意为“ ⑦ ”。
【观察5】will,would
Will/Would you pass me the ball,please?
请给我传下球,好吗?
During the vacation,he would visit me every other day.
假期期间,他每隔一天就来看我。
【归纳5】(1)表示请求、建议等,would的语气比wi更委婉。
(2) ⑧ 表示现在反复发生的动作或某种倾向, ⑨ 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
【归纳6】should,ought to
I should help her because she is in trouble.
我理应帮助她,因为她处于困境中。
You ought to take care of the baby.
你应该照顾这个宝宝。
He must be home by now. (断定他已在家)
He ought to/should be home by now. (不太肯定)
【归纳6】(1)should、ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比 should语气重。
(2)表示推测。should、ought to为 ⑩ 推测, 为主观推测。
【观察7】情态动词+ have done
I have lost one of my gloves. I must have dropped it somewhere. 我丢了一只手套。我一定是把它掉在什么地方了。(推测)
I couldn’t have been more than six years old when the accident happened. 事故发生时我不可能超过6岁。(推测)
As you worked late yesterday,you needn’t have come this morning. 由于你昨天工作到很晚,今天早上你本来不必来的。(虚拟语气)
Mr. White should have arrived at 8:30 for the meeting but he didn’t show up. 怀特先生本应该八点半来开会的,但他没有露面。(虚拟语气)
【归纳7】
有些情态动词后可跟完成式。其中can、could、may、might、must后接完成式表示对过去情况的 ;might、could should、,ought to、neen’t后接完成式可表示 例如 could have done表示“本来可以做而实际未能做某事”;might have done表示“过去可能发生但实际没有发生某事”;should/ought to have done表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”;needn’t have done表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。
链接高考
单句语法填空
1(2019北京,语法填空C,★★☆)Students ______ have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend.
2(2019江苏,31,★★★)What a pity!You missed the sightseeing,or we ______(have)a good time together.
3(2019天津,14,★★★)The workers were not better organized,otherwise they ______(accomplish)the task in half the time.
4、(2018江苏,24,★★☆)It’s strange that he ______ have taken the books without the owner s permission.
5. (2018北京,12,★★☆)In today’s information age. the loss of data ______ cause serious problems for a company.
6. (2017北京,34,★★☆)If the new safe system ______(put)to use,the accident would never have happened.
7. (2016北京,34,)Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week?If you had told me,I ______ (help).
8. (2016天津,15,★★★)I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadn’t been wearing one,I would ______(injured).
9. (★★☆)It is lucky we booked a room,or we _____ (have) nowhere to stay now.
10. (★★☆)If I ______ (see) it with my own eyes,I wouldn’t have believed it
11. (★★☆)-Can’t you stay a little longer?
-It’s getting late. I really ______ go now. My daughter is home alone
12. (★★☆)-Sorry,Mum!I failed the job Interview again.
-Oh,it’s too bad. ______You have made full preparations.
13. (★★☆)You ______ be careful with the camera. It costs!
14. (★★☆)You ______ feel all the training a waste of time but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.
15. (★★☆)You ______ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years
16. (★★★)Although you _______ find bargains in London,it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.
17. (★★★)It was sad to me that they,so poor themselves,______ bring me food.
完成句子
18. (2020江苏,21,★★☆)Many lessons are now available online. from which students ______ ______(可以选择)for.
19. (2020课标全国I,阅读理解A,★★☆)Al customers travelling on TransLink services ______ ______(必须是)in possession of a valid ticket before boarding.
20. (2017天津,2,★☆☆)My room is a mess but I ______ ______(不需要打扫)it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
21. (2017北京,21,★☆☆)Samuel,the tallest boy in our class,______ ______(能容易够着)the books on the top shelf.
22. (2016北京,31,★☆☆)I love the weekend because I ______ ______ ______ ______(不必早起)on Saturdays and Sundays.
23. (2016天津,5,★☆☆)It was really annoying ng:I ______(不能)get access to the data bank you had recommended.
24. (2016江苏,27,★★★)If it had not been or his invitation the other day,I ______ ______ ______(不会在)here now.
25. (2016浙江,15,★★★)Had the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDS-related deaths ______ ______ ______ ______(不会回落)since their highest in 2005.
26. (★★☆)It was so noisy that we ______ ______(不能听到)ourselves speak.
27. (★★☆)It ______ ______ ______(也许会避免)me some trouble had I known the schedule.
28. (★★★)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway ______ ______ ______(写不出)his famous novel a farewell to Arms.
29. (★★★)I ______ ______ ______(本不必担心)before I came to the new school,for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
参考答案:
①现在②过去③疑问句④mustn’t⑤主观⑥客观⑦竟然,竟会⑧ will9would⑩客观 must 推测 虚拟语气
1. should 句意:在考虑上哪所大学之前,学生应该对大学有一个正确的态度。should在此处意为“应该”。
2. would have had 句意:真遗憾!你错过了这次观光,否则,我们就可以一起度过一段愉快的时光。根据语境可知,此处是与过去事实相反的假设。故此处应该填 would have had。
3. would have accomplished 句意:工人们没有被更好地组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。此处表示对过去的虚拟,故此处应该填 would have accomplished。
4. should 句意:真奇怪,他竟然未经主人允许就把这些书拿走了。“It’s strange that. ”句型中,that引导的主语从句的谓语部分用“should+动词原形”,故填should
5. can 句意:在如今的信息时代,数据的丢失能给一个公司造成严重的问题。此处表示可能性,故填can。
6. had been put 句意:如果新的安全系统被投入使用,这起事故就不会发生了。根据主句谓语部分 would never have happened可知,此处是对过去发生的事进行虚拟,因此I引导的从句谓语部分应为 had done结构。再结合语境可知用被动语态。
7. could have help 句意:你上周为什么不告诉我你遇到的麻烦?如果你告诉我,我就可以帮你的。根据从句中 had told可知此处是与过去事实相反的假设,故填 could have helped。
8. have been injured 句意:我当时系着安全带呢。如果我没系安全带的话,我可能就会受伤了。根据句意可知此处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,主句应用would+ have done” 结构。
9. would have 句意:很幸运,我们预订了一个房间,否则,我们现在就没有地方可以住了。or前面是真实的情况,or后面是与现在事实相反的假设,故设空处用 would do形式。
10. hadn’t seen 句意:如果不是我亲眼看到,我是不会相信的。由主句谓语 wouldn’t have believed可知此处为与过去事实相反的假设,故If引导的从句的谓语应为hadn’t seen。
11. must 句意:-—难道你不能再多逗留一会儿吗?——时间不早了。我现在确实得走了。我的女儿独自一人在家。根据语境可知,答案为must必须)。
12. should 句意:——对不起,妈妈!这次的工作面试我又失败了。——哦,真是太糟糕了。你本应该做好充分的准备的。should have done表示本应该做某事而实际未做,此处表示责备。
13. must 句意:你必须要小心使用那台相机。它很贵!此处must表示“必须”。
14. may 句意:你或许感觉所有训练是在浪费时间,但我百分之百地确信以后你会感激你做了这件事。此处意思是“或许,大概”,用may。
15. must 句意:你一定是卡萝尔。这么多年过去了,你一点都没有变。此处表示对现在情况的肯定推测,故用must。
16. can 句意:尽管你有可能在伦敦找到便宜货,但是般来讲它不是一个购物便宜的地方。此处can意为“可能。
17. should 句意:他们这么穷竟然还带食物给我,这使我很难过。should表示“竟然”。
18. can choose
19. must be
20. neednt clean
21. can easily reach
22. needn’t get up early
23. couldn’t
24. should not be
25. would not have fallen
26. couldn’thea
27. might have saved
28. wouldn’t have written
29. needn’t have worried