外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit6 Space and beyond 单元过关检测（有解析)
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit6 Space and beyond 单元过关检测（有解析) |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-07 14:54:37 | ||
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Unit6 单元过关检测
第一部分 阅读
[共两节，满分50分]
第一节（共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
（2020 辽宁本溪一模）NASA’s Jet Propulsion（喷气推进）Laboratory （JPL） attracted Marlyse Reeves from an early age. Growing up in Pasadena, California, in JPL’s backyard, Reeves developed a love for everything related to outer space, and the lab was a regular destination for school field trips. Even as a child, Reeves, now as an MIT senior, knew she wanted to work in the space industry. Her love of space was cultivated at home, too. At MIT, Reeves quickly found her place in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics（航空航天系）.
As a junior, Reeves was selected to participate in the Gordon-MIT Engineering Leadership Program. The program focuses on leadership for engineers—people who may have high technical IQs but who may not be good at expressing themselves. Reeves holds the point that in industry, people have to communicate with other engineers—to explain their ideas and fit into the organizational structure.
In the second year of the program, students become coaches for the new students, which means a team coach observes and instructs the younger group. So Reeves thinks it’s really the second-year students who are guiding the first-year students into how they can improve as leaders.
Reeves has been with Women in Aerospace Engineering（WAE）since its beginning in her sophomore year. The group builds a community for women in all aspects of aeronautics. Last month, Reeves helped organize the first WAE Day, an event for 18 high school girls in the Boston area to come to MIT to learn about aerospace engineering. Reeves says events like these are especially important for exposing young women to the possibilities of the field.
Just as she says, “Being a person who has gone into the aerospace industry and has seen the lack of women, there are often times when I am the only female in the room. I think it’s important for young women and girls to have role models, and just see that there are women doing it. I have met a lot of strong female role models for myself in industry...A lot of our events are open to men as well. We want to build a community of people who support women in aerospace.”
1. What can we learn from the first paragraph
A. Reeves seldom visited JPL at an early age.
B. Reeves became interested in space from childhood.
C. Reeves is now a new student studying at MIT.
D. Reeves would like to study in the Department of Mathematics at MIT.
2. What is the aim of the Gordon-MIT Engineering Leadership Program
A. It is aimed at developing engineers，leadership.
B. It focuses on increasing students’ technical skills.
C. It tends to improve students’ observation abilities.
D. It aims to train excellent engineers for MIT in advance.
3. What is the attitude of Reeves towards women in the aerospace industry
A. She thinks the industry is prejudiced against women.
B. She thinks women have a higher IQ than men in the field.
C. She believes having role models has a positive effect on women.
D. She feels it is difficult for women to become successful in the field.
B
（2020 天津武清区一模）While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things, they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for granted—being able to walk on firm ground, hanging out with the family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza. Though not much can be done about the first two things, there may soon be a solution to the third one, thanks to this cool 3D pizza printer!
About a year ago, NASA offered $125, 000 to Anjan Contractor, a 3D technology expert, to build a device （设备） that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand. The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities that looked, tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens.
Late last year, the engineer presented a video of his first prototype（原型）that begins by creating a single slice of dough（面团）that is cooked and printed at the same time. Then comes the tomato “sauce”—a mix of tomato powder, oil and water and finally, a protein slice that resembles cheese. While the video doesn’t show the baking process, the inventor says that once the pizza is printed, it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds.
While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover, Anjan Contractor is far from ready for astronauts. That’s because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years. Though that may sound unrealistic, actually it is not.
Anjan Contractor believes that the only way to make it possible is that the water is removed from all the ingredients（配料）and then they are reduced to the powder form. This, as you can imagine, will not be so easy. But, while the printer may not be ready for space, it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth. Hopefully, NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortunate enough to go to Mars!
4. Why does the author mention the things that astronauts in space cannot do
A. To ask us not to take common things for granted.
B. To show they live a difficult life there.
C. To show their life is boring in space.
D. To introduce the topic of the text.
5. NASA offered $125, 000 to Anjan Contractor mainly to ________.
A. create some new types of 3D printer
B. attract more companies to work for NASA
C. help astronauts in space enjoy fresh pizza one day
D. produce pizza in large quantities to earn great profits
6. The biggest challenge that Anjan Contractor is faced with now is probably that ________.
A. he has no money left to go on with his research
B. the pizza doesn’t seem appetizing to pizza lovers
C. he has no way to make pizza that can last for thirty years
D. he cannot make the food container last for thirty years
7. What’s the best title of the passage
A. NASA is trying its best to help astronauts eat better
B. Astronauts may soon be able to enjoy steaming hot pizza
C. NASA is working on making pizza for common people
D. A 3D pizza printer has been used to make pizza
C
（2020 海口一模）Astronauts on shorter shuttle missions（使命）often work very long days. Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the day’s work. This type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the International Space Station（ISS）. ISS crew-members usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with the family and friends by email, Internet phone and through private video conferences.
While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy. Before a mission, the family and friends of each ISS crew-member put together a collection of family photos, messages, videos and reading material for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth. During their mission, the crew also receive care packages with CDs, books, magazines, photos and letters. And as from early 2010, the Internet became available on the ISS, giving astronauts the chance to do some “web surfing（冲浪）” in their personal time. Besides relaxing with these more common entertainments, astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space.
Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out of the window and stare at the universe and the Earth’s vast land mass and oceans.
8. What does the word “mimic” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. find
B. copy
C. change
D. lose
9. Which of the following best describes the families of the astronauts on the ISS
A. They are caring and thoughtful.
B. They are impatient and annoyed.
C. They are impatient and thoughtful.
D. They are excited and curious.
10. In the final paragraph, the author shows that astronauts ________.
A. get more pleasure in space than on the Earth
B. find living in space a bit boring and tiring
C. regard space life as common
D. love to see the Earth from space
11. The passage mainly discusses how astronauts ________.
A. work for longer missions in space
B. connect with people on the Earth
C. observe the Earth from space
D. spend their free time in space
D
（2020 重庆西北狼教育联盟高三一模）NASA’s Curiosity vehicle recently recorded the largest level of methane（甲院）ever measured during its seven-year Mars mission. The discovery is exciting because the existence of methane gas could support the case for life on Mars.
Methane has no color or smell. A special instrument on Curiosity’s Mars Science Laboratory recorded the increased gas level. The device, called a laser spectrometer, measures levels of chemical elements and gases in the Martian atmosphere. In addition to methane, the instrument can record levels of water and C02. Nearly all the methane gas found in Earth’s atmosphere is produced by biological activity. It usually comes from animal and plant life. But it can also be formed by geological （地质的）processes, such as interactions between rocks and water. NASA said the increased methane was measured to be about 21 parts per billion by volume（ppbv）. One ppbv means that if you take a volume of air on Mars, one billionth of the volume of air is methane.
It was not the first time Curiosity had found methane gas in the Martian atmosphere. About a year ago, NASA announced that Curiosity had discovered sharp seasonal increases in the gas. This time, NASA said the measured methane gas level was clearly larger than any others observed in the past. NASA officials even temporarily stopped Curiosity, s other activities to investigate further.
“It’s exciting because microbial（微生物的）life is an important source of methane on Earth, ” NASA said in a statement announcing the discovery. However, Curiosity’s team carried out a follow-up methane experiment that showed a sharp drop in levels of the gas. The second examination found the level was less than one part per billion by volume. That number was close to the background levels Curiosity sees all the time. The rise and fall of the methane gas levels left NASA scientists with more questions than answers. The scientists are continuing to study possible causes for the sudden increase. The methane mystery continues.
Curiosity does not have instruments that can exactly identify whether the source of the methane is biological or geological. One leading theory is that methane is being released from underground areas created by possible life forms that disappeared long ago. Even though Mars has no active volcanoes, scientists believe it is also possible that methane is being produced by reactions involving carbon materials and water.
A clearer understanding of methane levels over time could help scientists determine where they’re located on Mars. Scientists hope this understanding will come as Curiosity continues to collect methane data in its search for possible life.
12. Curiosity discovered ________.
A. the largest methane gas level ever observed on Mars
B. the existence of life on Mars
C. the reason for the increased methane
D. interactions between rocks and water
13. Why did NASA officials once stop Curiosity’s other activities
To further examine the methane gas level on Mars.
To seek possible life existing on Mars.
To check the quality of Curiosity’s mission.
To find seasonal increases in the methane gas.
14. What can we learn from the last three paragraphs
A. Causes for the change of methane have been proved by Curiosity.
B. Curiosity has proved the location of methane by instruments.
C. Scientists think reactions involving carbon materials and water may produce methane.
D. Identifying the source of methane has helped scientists search for possible life on Mars.
15. The passage is probably taken from ________.
A. a geography textbook
B. a science newspaper
C. a health magazine
D. a travel brochure
第二节（共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth
（2020 辽宁鞍山一模）Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.
Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn’t a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 16 Because of this, it’s not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.
Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. 17 Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft—the only air the astronauts can breathe.
18 Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don't “know” to grow down, leaves don’t “know” to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves. 19 Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels（凝胶）are used to help plant growth.
Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. 20 Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world’s population now at seven billion（十亿）people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions.
A. Every plant grown in space must have several uses.
B. However, there are challenges with growing plants in space.
C. Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.
D. The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.
E. Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.
F. Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.
G. Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused.
第二部分 语言运用
[共两节，满分30分]
第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2020 山东泰安一模）An airplane pilot felt sorry for his hungry passengers, so he bought 21 all pizzas. The pilot, Gerhard Bradner, works for Frontier Airlines. His 22 was from Washington D. C. to Denver, but it had to be 23 because of bad weather. He felt hungry and thought he would order a pizza from Domino’s Pizza restaurant near the airport, when he thought his 157 passengers would also be 24 , so he ordered 50 family-sized pizzas. He paid out of his own pocket, 25 the owner of the airline said he could give Mr. Bradner the money for the 26 . He announced on board, “Ladies and gentlemen, Frontier Airlines is known for being one of the 27 airlines in the US, but your captain is not cheap. I just 28 pizzas for the whole plane.”
Mr. Bradner said his airline is like a big 29 and his passengers were part of that family. That was why he wanted to buy everyone a pizza. He also 30 reporters that he knew other pilots who had 31 food for passengers. Frontier Airlines said in a report, “Yes, the pilot did buy pizzas for the 32 . It is important to note that this isn’t the first time one of our pilots has gone above and beyond the call of duty to 33 care for our customers.” Bradner even got off the plane and went to meet the pizza delivery kid at the security area and helped 34 the pizza back to the plane. The manager of the Domino’s Pizza said he was 35 when he took the order and the caller told him that he needed to feed his whole plane.
21. A. them B. us C. him D. her
22. A. car B. train C. plane D. ship
23. A. shown up B. looked up C. put off D. set up
24. A. thirsty B. angry C. hungry D. weak
25. A. and B. but C. or D. because
26. A. cakes B. burgers C. bread D. pizzas
27. A. cheapest B. richest C. poorest D. dearest
28. A. ate B. ordered C. asked D. waited
29. A. house B. plane C. country D. family
30. A. told B. said C. spoke D. talked
31. A. sold B. made C. carried D. bought
32. A. pilots B. drivers C. passengers D. sellers
33. A. give B. provide C. offer D. pay
34. A. carry B. buy C. make D. sell
35. A. worried B. surprised C. pleased D. bored
第二节（共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2020 天津和平区一模）The “space race” took place between the United States and the former Soviet Union. Both countries competed to see which would be the first 36 （land） a person on the Moon.
In 1959, both the United States and the Soviet Union succeeded in achieving their goals of sending spacecraft 37 （call） probes beyond Earth’s gravitational pull. The Soviet Luna 1, launched on January 2, passed the Moon and 38 （continue ） through space. Two months later, the United States launched Pioneer 4, 39 followed the same path as Luna Ⅰ. 40 eventually entered the orbit around the Sun.
The most famous was American astronaut Neil Armstrong, 41 , on July 20, 1969, became the first human to set foot on the Moon. The United States Apollo program lasted 42 1972. It carried out extensive research of the lunar surface and even brought back samples of moon rocks.
Also, in the history of space exploration, men and women have been seen living on space stations. As for the US, 43 （send） the first such station into space in Soviet Union in 1971 made it eager to have its own. Then, the first US space station, Sky lab, 44 （launch） in May 1973 and orbited for six years. Since the 1960s, both also have sent spacecraft to explore almost all the planets in the solar system. However, 45 （not set） foot on any other planet before, astronauts as well as scientists are still devoted to space programs.
第三部分 写作
[共两节，满分40分]
第一节（满分15分）
（2020 山东青岛城阳区月考）根据表格提示，请以“Our Future Space School”为题，写一篇80词左右的文章，给公元2066年的太空定居者（settler）介绍一下未来的太空学校。
要求：语句连贯，覆盖以下所有信息。
Its name （as you like）
Its location between two new planets
Its courses astronomy, maths, geography, art, etc.
Its equipment computer
Its purpose offering free education
Other functions space travel spot；research center
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
（2020 山东日照二模）The doctors sent my mother home to die. As a fifteen-year survivor of breast cancer, she had suffered two heart attacks when advanced cancer was found in her lung. The doctor told me sadly, “She has a few days, maybe a week. Her heart is weak and unstable.” Mom had struggled to raise three daughters while holding a full-time job, yet worked hard to maintain a warm home for her family. My plan for Mom’s final days was simple: she would live with love, and die with grace.
I took mother to my home, small but comfortable, which was a heaven to four cats and a dog. The animals had the run of my house. We equipped the bedroom with an electric hospital bed and an oxygen machine, which frightened the cats. I’d moved their furniture and the cats were annoyed. The dog, on the other hand, an immature dog with bad habits, was excited by all the changes in the house. He jumped up, barking. He is Otto who was not afraid of the hospital bed, the oxygen machine or the medical smells. Nor was he afraid of the weak woman who had scolded him. Otto jumped onto the foot of Mom’s hospital bed, and stayed. With the exception of eating and using the litter box, Otto never left Mom’s room.
Days passed and Mom started to rally. “Not unusual,” I was told. “A rally is often a sign of imminent death（回光返照）.” I was heart-broken. But Otto would not give her up so easily. He used her improved condition to reposition himself from the foot of her bed to her side. Her thin fingers found his soft coat. He leaned into her body, as if holding tight the strings of her will to live. Though weak, she petted the dog and would not allow me to take him. Days turned into weeks and Mom continued to fight.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Once, after the nurses had gone for the day, I heard the sound of Mom’s voice coming from her room. __________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Three years later, Mom together with Otto is still here, medicines and nurses long gone. ________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
[语篇解读]主题：人与自我（生活与学习）；话题：学习航空学。本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了自小就对航空学非常感兴趣的Marlyse Reeves认为女性应该更多接触航空学这一领域，了解更多与航空学有关的知识。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段前两句“NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory （ JPL ） attracted Marlyse Reeves from an early age... Reeves developed a love for everything related to outer space, and the lab was a regular destination for school field trips.” 可知从很小的时候Reeves就对太空产生了兴趣，故B项正确。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The program focuses on leadership for engineers——people who may have high technical IQs but who may not be good at expressing themselves.” 可知这一项目致力于培养工程师的领导力，故A项正确。
3. C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“I think it’s important for young women and girls to have role models，and just see that there are women doing it. ”可知Reeves认为对女性来说有榜样很重要，榜样可以对女性产生积极的影响。故C项正确。
[语篇解读]主题：人与自然（宇宙探索）；话题：在太空自制比萨技术。 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种可以在太空自制比萨的3D打印 技术。
4. D 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Though not much can be done about the first two things，there may soon be a solution to the third one, thanks to this cool 3D pizza printer!” 可知，使用 3D 打印技术可以解决宇航员吃比萨的问题。结合下文对为宇航员提供比萨的3D打印技术的介绍可推知，文章开篇描述的无法实现的愿望旨在引出本文的话题。故D项正确。
5. C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“About a year ago, NASA offered $125, 000 to Anjan Contractor, a 3D technology expert, to build a device that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand.” 可知，美国航空航天局提供125 000美元是为了开发为宇航员们提供新鲜比萨的技术设备。故C项正确。
6. D 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“That’s because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years. ”可知，让打印机中的食物容器能够维持30年是目前的最大难题。故D项正确。
7. B标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种可以在太空自制比萨的3D打印技术，因此将来宇航员们也许能吃上热腾腾的比萨。故B项最适合作为本文标题。
[语篇解读]主题：人与社会（宇宙探索）；话题：宇航员在太空如何 度过闲暇时间。本文是记叙文。文章介绍了宇航员在太空中是如何度过他们可自由利用的时间的。
8. B 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“They work five days on and two days off...”可知，他们的工作和在地球上的工作时间一致，所以这样做的目的是尽可能地模仿地球上的正常生活，故选B。
9. A 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Before a mission, the family and friends of each ISS crew-member put together a collection of family photos，messages, videos and reading material for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating...” 可知，宇航员的 家人是体贴的、考虑周到的。故选A。
10. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段 “Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out of the window and stare at the universe and the Earth’s vast land mass and oceans.”可知，宇航员喜欢从太空中看地球。故选D。
11. D主旨大意题。本文主要向我们介绍了宇航员在休息时做的事，全文讲述了国际空间站的宇航员是如何度过工作之余的闲暇时间的。B、C项有一定的干扰性。文章提到过宇航员与地面上的家人和朋友联系，也提到了他们透过窗子看地球上的景观，但是这些都是细节，而不是主题。故选D。
[语篇解读]主题：人与社会（宇宙探索）；话题：火星探测。本文是 一篇科学类新闻报道。文中报道了 “好奇号”在火星上探测到有记录以来大气中最高的甲烷含量，并由此引发火星上是否存在或曾经存在生命的一系列讨论和进一步的科学探索。
12. A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“NASA’s Curiosity vehicle recently recorded the largest level of methane ever measured during its seven-year Mars mission.” 及第三段第三句 “This time, NASA said the measured methane gas level was clearly larger than any others observed in the past.” 可知此次探测到的火星大气甲烷含量是有观测历史以来最高的，故选A。
13. A细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，大约一年前“好奇号”就曾探测到火星大气甲烷含量的季节性剧烈升高，而这次则直接探测到有观测历史以来的最高含量，并结合该段最后一句 “NASA officials even temporarily stopped Curiosity’s other activities to investigate further. ”可知，“好奇号”暂时停止其他工作，是为了集中精力更深人地检查、探测、研究火星大气中的甲烷含量。故选A。
14. C 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Even though Mars has no active volcanoes，scientists believe it is also possible that methane is being produced by reactions involving carbon materials and water. ”可知，即使火星上没有活火山，甲烷也可能由碳材料与水反应产生，C项符合题意。
15. B推理判断题。本文报道了“好奇号”在火星上探测到有观测历史以来大气中最高的甲烷含量这一新闻，并进行了拓展讨论。因此本文属于科学类文章。故选B。
[语篇解读]主题：人与自然（宇宙探索）；话题：高空园艺。本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是在地球380千米外的高空做园艺。宇航员必须经过身体、心理和技术的训练，还要接受如何照料植物的培训。这些“宇航员园丁”与植物共享他们的工作和生活空间。
16. D关联逻辑法解题。下文意为“正因为如此，把长途旅行所需要的只用一次就扔掉的东西都送出去是不现实的”。D项“The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram. （将物体送入太空的费用约为每千克22 000美元）”承接下文。下文中的this指代该项中的the cost,故选D。
17. F关联逻辑法解题。根据上文提示“它们可以提供更多新鲜的东西”, 与下文提示“此外，植物可以帮助改善空气质量，因为它们可以产生氧气”可知，F项“Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.（宇航 员将欢迎在他们的干粮中加入水果和蔬菜）”承接上下文。 故选F。
18. B关联逻辑法解题。根据下文“由于太空中缺乏重力，植物产生的氧气停留在植物周围”可知，B项“However，there are challenges with growing plants in space.（然而，在太空种植植物面临着挑战）”承接下文。故选B。
19. E关联逻辑法解题。根据上文“没有重力，根就不‘知道’该往下长，叶子就不‘知道’该往上长，水也不容易从根往上注入叶子”与下文提示“此外，土壤太重，不能送到太空，特殊的液体凝胶被用来帮助植物生长”可知，E项“Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.（目前正在开发专门的容器来帮助植物正确生长）”承接上下文。故 选E0
20. C 词汇锁定法解题。根据上文“他们正试图使植物生长得更快，在太空中以更少的水和光生长，他们正在寻找方法使植物更能抵抗疾病”可知，C项“Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.（这些方法可能会导致地球 上的改善）”承接上文。该项中的methods与上文中的ways 相吻合。故选C。
[语篇解读]主题：人与自我（做人与做事）；话题：为乘客买比萨。 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了因为天气的原因，飞机耽误了飞行，当飞机的飞行员饿了的时候，他想到他的乘客也饿了，所以他给整个 飞机的乘客都买了比萨。
21. A上文语境题。这里用代词代替前文出现的passengers （乘客），因为乘客是复数，所以用them，故选A。
22. C 上文语境题。根据 An airplane pilot felt sorry for his hungry passengers可知Gerhard Bradner是飞行员，开的是飞机（plane ）， 故选C。
23. C 下文语境题。根据because of bad weather可知，是坏天气延误（put off）飞机的飞行，故选C。
24. C 上文语境题。Gerhard Bradner饿了，想从机场旁的餐馆订比萨，他想他的157名乘客也会饿的（hungry）。
25. B上下文语境题。这里表示前后是转折关系，所以应该用but，故选B。句意：他自掏腰包（买比萨），但是航空公司的老板说，他可以把他给所有乘客买比萨的钱给他。
26. D上文语境题。根据上文可知，这个飞行员给乘客买的是比萨（pizza），故选 D。
27. A 下文语境题。根据后面提到的but your captain is not cheap可知此处意为“最便宜的（cheapest） ”。故选A。
28. B上下文语境题。要买比萨，需要先预订。故选B。句意：我刚刚给整个机舱的人都订（order）了比萨。
29. D 下文语境题。根据下文 his passengers were part of that family可知，这里提到的应当是家庭。故选D。句意:Bradner先生说，他的航班就像一个大家庭（family），乘客是他家人的一部分。
30. A下文语境题。后面是双宾语，所以应该用told,故选A。句意：他也告诉（tell）记者，他知道其他飞行员也给他们的乘客买过食物。
31. D上文语境题。根据前面提到的内容可知是飞行员给乘客买食物。故选D。句意：他也告诉记者，他知道其他飞行员也给他们的乘客买（buy）过食物。
32. C 上文语境题。根据上文“...his 157 passengers ...ordered... pizzas.”以及 “I just ordered pizzas for the whole plane.” 可知，飞行员多次给乘客买东西，故选C。句意：……飞行员的确给乘客 （passenger ）买过比萨。
33. B 上下文语境题。provide sth. for sb.给某人提供某物。故选B。
34. A上下文语境题。句意：Bradner甚至下飞机去安全区迎接送比萨的小伙子，并帮着他把比萨带回到（carry）飞机上。
35. B 下文语境题。根据下文he needed to feed his whole plane可知，打电话的人告诉他，他需要给一整个飞机的人买比萨。此处比萨店经理应感到“吃惊（surprised）”。
[语篇解读]主题：人与自然（宇宙探索）；话题：高空竞赛。本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了苏联和美国在太空探索方面的竞争。
36. to land考查动词不定式，位于序数词后应使用动词不定式充当后置定语，故答案为to land。
37. called 考查非谓语动词。spacecraft与call是被动关系，called probes是过去分词短语作spacecraft的后置定语。
38. continued 考查谓语动词。and连接两个并列谓语，passed为过去式，故答案为continue的过去式continued。
39. which 考查非限制性定语从句。which指代前面的先行词 Pioneer 4。
40. Both考查代词。此处应使用表示两者的both指代前文提到的 Luna 1 和 Pioneer 4。
41. who考查定语从句引导词。先行词指人，因此引导非限制性定语从句应使用who。
42. until考查介词。根据语境可知此处指的是“直到1972年”，因此使用介词until。
43. sending考查动名词。此空作主语，应使用动名词sending。
44. was launched 考查谓语动词。句子有表示过去的时间，因此使用一般过去时，launch与其主语构成被动关系，因此使用被动语态。
45. not having set 考查非谓语动词。set foot on any other planet 动作发生在are still devoted to space programs之前，因此使用完成式，其否定形式为not having set。
第一节 One possible version：
Our Future Space School Our future space school Yuancheng High School, which is located between two new planets, is set up for the early space settlers in space in 2066.
It is very convenient and available for us to receive free education in our space school, equipped with all kinds of hi-tech computers, space travel spot and research center. What’s more, we can take courses like astronomy, maths, geography, art and so on. It’s open 24 hours a day.
Come and join me if you want to know more about it.
第二节 One possible version：
Once, after the nurses had gone for the day, I heard the sound of Mom’s voice coming from her room. I found her with the head of the bed raised, reading from the newspaper, with Otto in her arms, listening adoringly. I will forever cherish the memory of Otto’s touching her face. Eventually, using a walker, Mom began to take walks through the house, followed by Otto. Where she rested, Otto rested. Where she moved, Otto shadowed her. Somehow, Otto knew that during those days he became her dog child, giving her life purpose.
Three years later, Mom together with Otto is still here, medicines and nurses long gone. When we saw the doctor a while ago, “I can’t believe it, Lula,” he said. “I can’t find your cancer and your heart is strong. When your daughter brought you to me, I thought you were a ship that had sailed.” Mom gave the credit to Otto, who continued to share his gift of love—a medicine more powerful than any drug a doctor could prescribe.
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第一部分 阅读
[共两节，满分50分]
第一节（共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
（2020 辽宁本溪一模）NASA’s Jet Propulsion（喷气推进）Laboratory （JPL） attracted Marlyse Reeves from an early age. Growing up in Pasadena, California, in JPL’s backyard, Reeves developed a love for everything related to outer space, and the lab was a regular destination for school field trips. Even as a child, Reeves, now as an MIT senior, knew she wanted to work in the space industry. Her love of space was cultivated at home, too. At MIT, Reeves quickly found her place in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics（航空航天系）.
As a junior, Reeves was selected to participate in the Gordon-MIT Engineering Leadership Program. The program focuses on leadership for engineers—people who may have high technical IQs but who may not be good at expressing themselves. Reeves holds the point that in industry, people have to communicate with other engineers—to explain their ideas and fit into the organizational structure.
In the second year of the program, students become coaches for the new students, which means a team coach observes and instructs the younger group. So Reeves thinks it’s really the second-year students who are guiding the first-year students into how they can improve as leaders.
Reeves has been with Women in Aerospace Engineering（WAE）since its beginning in her sophomore year. The group builds a community for women in all aspects of aeronautics. Last month, Reeves helped organize the first WAE Day, an event for 18 high school girls in the Boston area to come to MIT to learn about aerospace engineering. Reeves says events like these are especially important for exposing young women to the possibilities of the field.
Just as she says, “Being a person who has gone into the aerospace industry and has seen the lack of women, there are often times when I am the only female in the room. I think it’s important for young women and girls to have role models, and just see that there are women doing it. I have met a lot of strong female role models for myself in industry...A lot of our events are open to men as well. We want to build a community of people who support women in aerospace.”
1. What can we learn from the first paragraph
A. Reeves seldom visited JPL at an early age.
B. Reeves became interested in space from childhood.
C. Reeves is now a new student studying at MIT.
D. Reeves would like to study in the Department of Mathematics at MIT.
2. What is the aim of the Gordon-MIT Engineering Leadership Program
A. It is aimed at developing engineers，leadership.
B. It focuses on increasing students’ technical skills.
C. It tends to improve students’ observation abilities.
D. It aims to train excellent engineers for MIT in advance.
3. What is the attitude of Reeves towards women in the aerospace industry
A. She thinks the industry is prejudiced against women.
B. She thinks women have a higher IQ than men in the field.
C. She believes having role models has a positive effect on women.
D. She feels it is difficult for women to become successful in the field.
B
（2020 天津武清区一模）While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things, they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for granted—being able to walk on firm ground, hanging out with the family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza. Though not much can be done about the first two things, there may soon be a solution to the third one, thanks to this cool 3D pizza printer!
About a year ago, NASA offered $125, 000 to Anjan Contractor, a 3D technology expert, to build a device （设备） that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand. The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities that looked, tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens.
Late last year, the engineer presented a video of his first prototype（原型）that begins by creating a single slice of dough（面团）that is cooked and printed at the same time. Then comes the tomato “sauce”—a mix of tomato powder, oil and water and finally, a protein slice that resembles cheese. While the video doesn’t show the baking process, the inventor says that once the pizza is printed, it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds.
While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover, Anjan Contractor is far from ready for astronauts. That’s because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years. Though that may sound unrealistic, actually it is not.
Anjan Contractor believes that the only way to make it possible is that the water is removed from all the ingredients（配料）and then they are reduced to the powder form. This, as you can imagine, will not be so easy. But, while the printer may not be ready for space, it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth. Hopefully, NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortunate enough to go to Mars!
4. Why does the author mention the things that astronauts in space cannot do
A. To ask us not to take common things for granted.
B. To show they live a difficult life there.
C. To show their life is boring in space.
D. To introduce the topic of the text.
5. NASA offered $125, 000 to Anjan Contractor mainly to ________.
A. create some new types of 3D printer
B. attract more companies to work for NASA
C. help astronauts in space enjoy fresh pizza one day
D. produce pizza in large quantities to earn great profits
6. The biggest challenge that Anjan Contractor is faced with now is probably that ________.
A. he has no money left to go on with his research
B. the pizza doesn’t seem appetizing to pizza lovers
C. he has no way to make pizza that can last for thirty years
D. he cannot make the food container last for thirty years
7. What’s the best title of the passage
A. NASA is trying its best to help astronauts eat better
B. Astronauts may soon be able to enjoy steaming hot pizza
C. NASA is working on making pizza for common people
D. A 3D pizza printer has been used to make pizza
C
（2020 海口一模）Astronauts on shorter shuttle missions（使命）often work very long days. Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the day’s work. This type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the International Space Station（ISS）. ISS crew-members usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with the family and friends by email, Internet phone and through private video conferences.
While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy. Before a mission, the family and friends of each ISS crew-member put together a collection of family photos, messages, videos and reading material for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth. During their mission, the crew also receive care packages with CDs, books, magazines, photos and letters. And as from early 2010, the Internet became available on the ISS, giving astronauts the chance to do some “web surfing（冲浪）” in their personal time. Besides relaxing with these more common entertainments, astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space.
Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out of the window and stare at the universe and the Earth’s vast land mass and oceans.
8. What does the word “mimic” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. find
B. copy
C. change
D. lose
9. Which of the following best describes the families of the astronauts on the ISS
A. They are caring and thoughtful.
B. They are impatient and annoyed.
C. They are impatient and thoughtful.
D. They are excited and curious.
10. In the final paragraph, the author shows that astronauts ________.
A. get more pleasure in space than on the Earth
B. find living in space a bit boring and tiring
C. regard space life as common
D. love to see the Earth from space
11. The passage mainly discusses how astronauts ________.
A. work for longer missions in space
B. connect with people on the Earth
C. observe the Earth from space
D. spend their free time in space
D
（2020 重庆西北狼教育联盟高三一模）NASA’s Curiosity vehicle recently recorded the largest level of methane（甲院）ever measured during its seven-year Mars mission. The discovery is exciting because the existence of methane gas could support the case for life on Mars.
Methane has no color or smell. A special instrument on Curiosity’s Mars Science Laboratory recorded the increased gas level. The device, called a laser spectrometer, measures levels of chemical elements and gases in the Martian atmosphere. In addition to methane, the instrument can record levels of water and C02. Nearly all the methane gas found in Earth’s atmosphere is produced by biological activity. It usually comes from animal and plant life. But it can also be formed by geological （地质的）processes, such as interactions between rocks and water. NASA said the increased methane was measured to be about 21 parts per billion by volume（ppbv）. One ppbv means that if you take a volume of air on Mars, one billionth of the volume of air is methane.
It was not the first time Curiosity had found methane gas in the Martian atmosphere. About a year ago, NASA announced that Curiosity had discovered sharp seasonal increases in the gas. This time, NASA said the measured methane gas level was clearly larger than any others observed in the past. NASA officials even temporarily stopped Curiosity, s other activities to investigate further.
“It’s exciting because microbial（微生物的）life is an important source of methane on Earth, ” NASA said in a statement announcing the discovery. However, Curiosity’s team carried out a follow-up methane experiment that showed a sharp drop in levels of the gas. The second examination found the level was less than one part per billion by volume. That number was close to the background levels Curiosity sees all the time. The rise and fall of the methane gas levels left NASA scientists with more questions than answers. The scientists are continuing to study possible causes for the sudden increase. The methane mystery continues.
Curiosity does not have instruments that can exactly identify whether the source of the methane is biological or geological. One leading theory is that methane is being released from underground areas created by possible life forms that disappeared long ago. Even though Mars has no active volcanoes, scientists believe it is also possible that methane is being produced by reactions involving carbon materials and water.
A clearer understanding of methane levels over time could help scientists determine where they’re located on Mars. Scientists hope this understanding will come as Curiosity continues to collect methane data in its search for possible life.
12. Curiosity discovered ________.
A. the largest methane gas level ever observed on Mars
B. the existence of life on Mars
C. the reason for the increased methane
D. interactions between rocks and water
13. Why did NASA officials once stop Curiosity’s other activities
To further examine the methane gas level on Mars.
To seek possible life existing on Mars.
To check the quality of Curiosity’s mission.
To find seasonal increases in the methane gas.
14. What can we learn from the last three paragraphs
A. Causes for the change of methane have been proved by Curiosity.
B. Curiosity has proved the location of methane by instruments.
C. Scientists think reactions involving carbon materials and water may produce methane.
D. Identifying the source of methane has helped scientists search for possible life on Mars.
15. The passage is probably taken from ________.
A. a geography textbook
B. a science newspaper
C. a health magazine
D. a travel brochure
第二节（共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth
（2020 辽宁鞍山一模）Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.
Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn’t a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 16 Because of this, it’s not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.
Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. 17 Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft—the only air the astronauts can breathe.
18 Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don't “know” to grow down, leaves don’t “know” to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves. 19 Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels（凝胶）are used to help plant growth.
Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. 20 Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world’s population now at seven billion（十亿）people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions.
A. Every plant grown in space must have several uses.
B. However, there are challenges with growing plants in space.
C. Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.
D. The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.
E. Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.
F. Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.
G. Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused.
第二部分 语言运用
[共两节，满分30分]
第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2020 山东泰安一模）An airplane pilot felt sorry for his hungry passengers, so he bought 21 all pizzas. The pilot, Gerhard Bradner, works for Frontier Airlines. His 22 was from Washington D. C. to Denver, but it had to be 23 because of bad weather. He felt hungry and thought he would order a pizza from Domino’s Pizza restaurant near the airport, when he thought his 157 passengers would also be 24 , so he ordered 50 family-sized pizzas. He paid out of his own pocket, 25 the owner of the airline said he could give Mr. Bradner the money for the 26 . He announced on board, “Ladies and gentlemen, Frontier Airlines is known for being one of the 27 airlines in the US, but your captain is not cheap. I just 28 pizzas for the whole plane.”
Mr. Bradner said his airline is like a big 29 and his passengers were part of that family. That was why he wanted to buy everyone a pizza. He also 30 reporters that he knew other pilots who had 31 food for passengers. Frontier Airlines said in a report, “Yes, the pilot did buy pizzas for the 32 . It is important to note that this isn’t the first time one of our pilots has gone above and beyond the call of duty to 33 care for our customers.” Bradner even got off the plane and went to meet the pizza delivery kid at the security area and helped 34 the pizza back to the plane. The manager of the Domino’s Pizza said he was 35 when he took the order and the caller told him that he needed to feed his whole plane.
21. A. them B. us C. him D. her
22. A. car B. train C. plane D. ship
23. A. shown up B. looked up C. put off D. set up
24. A. thirsty B. angry C. hungry D. weak
25. A. and B. but C. or D. because
26. A. cakes B. burgers C. bread D. pizzas
27. A. cheapest B. richest C. poorest D. dearest
28. A. ate B. ordered C. asked D. waited
29. A. house B. plane C. country D. family
30. A. told B. said C. spoke D. talked
31. A. sold B. made C. carried D. bought
32. A. pilots B. drivers C. passengers D. sellers
33. A. give B. provide C. offer D. pay
34. A. carry B. buy C. make D. sell
35. A. worried B. surprised C. pleased D. bored
第二节（共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2020 天津和平区一模）The “space race” took place between the United States and the former Soviet Union. Both countries competed to see which would be the first 36 （land） a person on the Moon.
In 1959, both the United States and the Soviet Union succeeded in achieving their goals of sending spacecraft 37 （call） probes beyond Earth’s gravitational pull. The Soviet Luna 1, launched on January 2, passed the Moon and 38 （continue ） through space. Two months later, the United States launched Pioneer 4, 39 followed the same path as Luna Ⅰ. 40 eventually entered the orbit around the Sun.
The most famous was American astronaut Neil Armstrong, 41 , on July 20, 1969, became the first human to set foot on the Moon. The United States Apollo program lasted 42 1972. It carried out extensive research of the lunar surface and even brought back samples of moon rocks.
Also, in the history of space exploration, men and women have been seen living on space stations. As for the US, 43 （send） the first such station into space in Soviet Union in 1971 made it eager to have its own. Then, the first US space station, Sky lab, 44 （launch） in May 1973 and orbited for six years. Since the 1960s, both also have sent spacecraft to explore almost all the planets in the solar system. However, 45 （not set） foot on any other planet before, astronauts as well as scientists are still devoted to space programs.
第三部分 写作
[共两节，满分40分]
第一节（满分15分）
（2020 山东青岛城阳区月考）根据表格提示，请以“Our Future Space School”为题，写一篇80词左右的文章，给公元2066年的太空定居者（settler）介绍一下未来的太空学校。
要求：语句连贯，覆盖以下所有信息。
Its name （as you like）
Its location between two new planets
Its courses astronomy, maths, geography, art, etc.
Its equipment computer
Its purpose offering free education
Other functions space travel spot；research center
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第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
（2020 山东日照二模）The doctors sent my mother home to die. As a fifteen-year survivor of breast cancer, she had suffered two heart attacks when advanced cancer was found in her lung. The doctor told me sadly, “She has a few days, maybe a week. Her heart is weak and unstable.” Mom had struggled to raise three daughters while holding a full-time job, yet worked hard to maintain a warm home for her family. My plan for Mom’s final days was simple: she would live with love, and die with grace.
I took mother to my home, small but comfortable, which was a heaven to four cats and a dog. The animals had the run of my house. We equipped the bedroom with an electric hospital bed and an oxygen machine, which frightened the cats. I’d moved their furniture and the cats were annoyed. The dog, on the other hand, an immature dog with bad habits, was excited by all the changes in the house. He jumped up, barking. He is Otto who was not afraid of the hospital bed, the oxygen machine or the medical smells. Nor was he afraid of the weak woman who had scolded him. Otto jumped onto the foot of Mom’s hospital bed, and stayed. With the exception of eating and using the litter box, Otto never left Mom’s room.
Days passed and Mom started to rally. “Not unusual,” I was told. “A rally is often a sign of imminent death（回光返照）.” I was heart-broken. But Otto would not give her up so easily. He used her improved condition to reposition himself from the foot of her bed to her side. Her thin fingers found his soft coat. He leaned into her body, as if holding tight the strings of her will to live. Though weak, she petted the dog and would not allow me to take him. Days turned into weeks and Mom continued to fight.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Once, after the nurses had gone for the day, I heard the sound of Mom’s voice coming from her room. __________________________________________________
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Three years later, Mom together with Otto is still here, medicines and nurses long gone. ________________________________________________________________
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参考答案：
[语篇解读]主题：人与自我（生活与学习）；话题：学习航空学。本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了自小就对航空学非常感兴趣的Marlyse Reeves认为女性应该更多接触航空学这一领域，了解更多与航空学有关的知识。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段前两句“NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory （ JPL ） attracted Marlyse Reeves from an early age... Reeves developed a love for everything related to outer space, and the lab was a regular destination for school field trips.” 可知从很小的时候Reeves就对太空产生了兴趣，故B项正确。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The program focuses on leadership for engineers——people who may have high technical IQs but who may not be good at expressing themselves.” 可知这一项目致力于培养工程师的领导力，故A项正确。
3. C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“I think it’s important for young women and girls to have role models，and just see that there are women doing it. ”可知Reeves认为对女性来说有榜样很重要，榜样可以对女性产生积极的影响。故C项正确。
[语篇解读]主题：人与自然（宇宙探索）；话题：在太空自制比萨技术。 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种可以在太空自制比萨的3D打印 技术。
4. D 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Though not much can be done about the first two things，there may soon be a solution to the third one, thanks to this cool 3D pizza printer!” 可知，使用 3D 打印技术可以解决宇航员吃比萨的问题。结合下文对为宇航员提供比萨的3D打印技术的介绍可推知，文章开篇描述的无法实现的愿望旨在引出本文的话题。故D项正确。
5. C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“About a year ago, NASA offered $125, 000 to Anjan Contractor, a 3D technology expert, to build a device that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand.” 可知，美国航空航天局提供125 000美元是为了开发为宇航员们提供新鲜比萨的技术设备。故C项正确。
6. D 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“That’s because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years. ”可知，让打印机中的食物容器能够维持30年是目前的最大难题。故D项正确。
7. B标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种可以在太空自制比萨的3D打印技术，因此将来宇航员们也许能吃上热腾腾的比萨。故B项最适合作为本文标题。
[语篇解读]主题：人与社会（宇宙探索）；话题：宇航员在太空如何 度过闲暇时间。本文是记叙文。文章介绍了宇航员在太空中是如何度过他们可自由利用的时间的。
8. B 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“They work five days on and two days off...”可知，他们的工作和在地球上的工作时间一致，所以这样做的目的是尽可能地模仿地球上的正常生活，故选B。
9. A 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Before a mission, the family and friends of each ISS crew-member put together a collection of family photos，messages, videos and reading material for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating...” 可知，宇航员的 家人是体贴的、考虑周到的。故选A。
10. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段 “Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out of the window and stare at the universe and the Earth’s vast land mass and oceans.”可知，宇航员喜欢从太空中看地球。故选D。
11. D主旨大意题。本文主要向我们介绍了宇航员在休息时做的事，全文讲述了国际空间站的宇航员是如何度过工作之余的闲暇时间的。B、C项有一定的干扰性。文章提到过宇航员与地面上的家人和朋友联系，也提到了他们透过窗子看地球上的景观，但是这些都是细节，而不是主题。故选D。
[语篇解读]主题：人与社会（宇宙探索）；话题：火星探测。本文是 一篇科学类新闻报道。文中报道了 “好奇号”在火星上探测到有记录以来大气中最高的甲烷含量，并由此引发火星上是否存在或曾经存在生命的一系列讨论和进一步的科学探索。
12. A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“NASA’s Curiosity vehicle recently recorded the largest level of methane ever measured during its seven-year Mars mission.” 及第三段第三句 “This time, NASA said the measured methane gas level was clearly larger than any others observed in the past.” 可知此次探测到的火星大气甲烷含量是有观测历史以来最高的，故选A。
13. A细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，大约一年前“好奇号”就曾探测到火星大气甲烷含量的季节性剧烈升高，而这次则直接探测到有观测历史以来的最高含量，并结合该段最后一句 “NASA officials even temporarily stopped Curiosity’s other activities to investigate further. ”可知，“好奇号”暂时停止其他工作，是为了集中精力更深人地检查、探测、研究火星大气中的甲烷含量。故选A。
14. C 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Even though Mars has no active volcanoes，scientists believe it is also possible that methane is being produced by reactions involving carbon materials and water. ”可知，即使火星上没有活火山，甲烷也可能由碳材料与水反应产生，C项符合题意。
15. B推理判断题。本文报道了“好奇号”在火星上探测到有观测历史以来大气中最高的甲烷含量这一新闻，并进行了拓展讨论。因此本文属于科学类文章。故选B。
[语篇解读]主题：人与自然（宇宙探索）；话题：高空园艺。本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是在地球380千米外的高空做园艺。宇航员必须经过身体、心理和技术的训练，还要接受如何照料植物的培训。这些“宇航员园丁”与植物共享他们的工作和生活空间。
16. D关联逻辑法解题。下文意为“正因为如此，把长途旅行所需要的只用一次就扔掉的东西都送出去是不现实的”。D项“The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram. （将物体送入太空的费用约为每千克22 000美元）”承接下文。下文中的this指代该项中的the cost,故选D。
17. F关联逻辑法解题。根据上文提示“它们可以提供更多新鲜的东西”, 与下文提示“此外，植物可以帮助改善空气质量，因为它们可以产生氧气”可知，F项“Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.（宇航 员将欢迎在他们的干粮中加入水果和蔬菜）”承接上下文。 故选F。
18. B关联逻辑法解题。根据下文“由于太空中缺乏重力，植物产生的氧气停留在植物周围”可知，B项“However，there are challenges with growing plants in space.（然而，在太空种植植物面临着挑战）”承接下文。故选B。
19. E关联逻辑法解题。根据上文“没有重力，根就不‘知道’该往下长，叶子就不‘知道’该往上长，水也不容易从根往上注入叶子”与下文提示“此外，土壤太重，不能送到太空，特殊的液体凝胶被用来帮助植物生长”可知，E项“Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.（目前正在开发专门的容器来帮助植物正确生长）”承接上下文。故 选E0
20. C 词汇锁定法解题。根据上文“他们正试图使植物生长得更快，在太空中以更少的水和光生长，他们正在寻找方法使植物更能抵抗疾病”可知，C项“Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.（这些方法可能会导致地球 上的改善）”承接上文。该项中的methods与上文中的ways 相吻合。故选C。
[语篇解读]主题：人与自我（做人与做事）；话题：为乘客买比萨。 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了因为天气的原因，飞机耽误了飞行，当飞机的飞行员饿了的时候，他想到他的乘客也饿了，所以他给整个 飞机的乘客都买了比萨。
21. A上文语境题。这里用代词代替前文出现的passengers （乘客），因为乘客是复数，所以用them，故选A。
22. C 上文语境题。根据 An airplane pilot felt sorry for his hungry passengers可知Gerhard Bradner是飞行员，开的是飞机（plane ）， 故选C。
23. C 下文语境题。根据because of bad weather可知，是坏天气延误（put off）飞机的飞行，故选C。
24. C 上文语境题。Gerhard Bradner饿了，想从机场旁的餐馆订比萨，他想他的157名乘客也会饿的（hungry）。
25. B上下文语境题。这里表示前后是转折关系，所以应该用but，故选B。句意：他自掏腰包（买比萨），但是航空公司的老板说，他可以把他给所有乘客买比萨的钱给他。
26. D上文语境题。根据上文可知，这个飞行员给乘客买的是比萨（pizza），故选 D。
27. A 下文语境题。根据后面提到的but your captain is not cheap可知此处意为“最便宜的（cheapest） ”。故选A。
28. B上下文语境题。要买比萨，需要先预订。故选B。句意：我刚刚给整个机舱的人都订（order）了比萨。
29. D 下文语境题。根据下文 his passengers were part of that family可知，这里提到的应当是家庭。故选D。句意:Bradner先生说，他的航班就像一个大家庭（family），乘客是他家人的一部分。
30. A下文语境题。后面是双宾语，所以应该用told,故选A。句意：他也告诉（tell）记者，他知道其他飞行员也给他们的乘客买过食物。
31. D上文语境题。根据前面提到的内容可知是飞行员给乘客买食物。故选D。句意：他也告诉记者，他知道其他飞行员也给他们的乘客买（buy）过食物。
32. C 上文语境题。根据上文“...his 157 passengers ...ordered... pizzas.”以及 “I just ordered pizzas for the whole plane.” 可知，飞行员多次给乘客买东西，故选C。句意：……飞行员的确给乘客 （passenger ）买过比萨。
33. B 上下文语境题。provide sth. for sb.给某人提供某物。故选B。
34. A上下文语境题。句意：Bradner甚至下飞机去安全区迎接送比萨的小伙子，并帮着他把比萨带回到（carry）飞机上。
35. B 下文语境题。根据下文he needed to feed his whole plane可知，打电话的人告诉他，他需要给一整个飞机的人买比萨。此处比萨店经理应感到“吃惊（surprised）”。
[语篇解读]主题：人与自然（宇宙探索）；话题：高空竞赛。本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了苏联和美国在太空探索方面的竞争。
36. to land考查动词不定式，位于序数词后应使用动词不定式充当后置定语，故答案为to land。
37. called 考查非谓语动词。spacecraft与call是被动关系，called probes是过去分词短语作spacecraft的后置定语。
38. continued 考查谓语动词。and连接两个并列谓语，passed为过去式，故答案为continue的过去式continued。
39. which 考查非限制性定语从句。which指代前面的先行词 Pioneer 4。
40. Both考查代词。此处应使用表示两者的both指代前文提到的 Luna 1 和 Pioneer 4。
41. who考查定语从句引导词。先行词指人，因此引导非限制性定语从句应使用who。
42. until考查介词。根据语境可知此处指的是“直到1972年”，因此使用介词until。
43. sending考查动名词。此空作主语，应使用动名词sending。
44. was launched 考查谓语动词。句子有表示过去的时间，因此使用一般过去时，launch与其主语构成被动关系，因此使用被动语态。
45. not having set 考查非谓语动词。set foot on any other planet 动作发生在are still devoted to space programs之前，因此使用完成式，其否定形式为not having set。
第一节 One possible version：
Our Future Space School Our future space school Yuancheng High School, which is located between two new planets, is set up for the early space settlers in space in 2066.
It is very convenient and available for us to receive free education in our space school, equipped with all kinds of hi-tech computers, space travel spot and research center. What’s more, we can take courses like astronomy, maths, geography, art and so on. It’s open 24 hours a day.
Come and join me if you want to know more about it.
第二节 One possible version：
Once, after the nurses had gone for the day, I heard the sound of Mom’s voice coming from her room. I found her with the head of the bed raised, reading from the newspaper, with Otto in her arms, listening adoringly. I will forever cherish the memory of Otto’s touching her face. Eventually, using a walker, Mom began to take walks through the house, followed by Otto. Where she rested, Otto rested. Where she moved, Otto shadowed her. Somehow, Otto knew that during those days he became her dog child, giving her life purpose.
Three years later, Mom together with Otto is still here, medicines and nurses long gone. When we saw the doctor a while ago, “I can’t believe it, Lula,” he said. “I can’t find your cancer and your heart is strong. When your daughter brought you to me, I thought you were a ship that had sailed.” Mom gave the credit to Otto, who continued to share his gift of love—a medicine more powerful than any drug a doctor could prescribe.
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