外研版（2019） 选择性必修第四册 Unit6 Space and beyond易混易错点辨析学案（含答案）

【名师原创】：Unit6 易混易错点辨析
●过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别
【教材原句】
Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today’s average school students, all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth. (教材P62)
By the early 1980s, the great rockets previously used in the American space program had been replaced by the space shuttle. (教材P62)
We didn’t have much patience waiting for the launch. (教材P63)
【辨析】
两者在作定语时都可以换成相应的定语从句。
过去分词（短语）作定语 表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑上是被动关系。如果是单个过去分词,放在被修饰的名词前面, 如果是过去短语则放在被修饰的名词后面。
现在分词（短语）作定语 表示正在进行的或主动的动作。也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征，现在分词与被修饰的名词在逻辑上是主动关系。如果是单个现在分词,放在被修饰的名词前面, 如果是现在短语则放在被修饰的名词后面.
【例句呈现】
China is a developed country.
中国是个发展中国家。
正在城东修建的图书馆下一年将会交付使用。
The library built in the east of the city last year attracts many readers.
去年城东修建的图书馆吸引了很多读者。
There are some more events added to the Olympics.
有新的项目已被加到奥运会上。
I don’t like the composition written in pencil.
我不喜欢铅笔写的作文。
We saw the rising sun on the top of the mountain yesterday.
昨天我们在山顶看见了初升的太阳
He told everyone at the meeting the exciting news.
他把这个令人激动的消息告诉了所有参会的人。
This is really a confusing question for the people in the village.
对于这个村子里的人来说，这确实是个令人迷惑的问题。
There are 20 people working for the project.
有20人参与这个项目。
The man standing there is our teacher.
站在那里的那个人是我们的老师。
The library being built in the east of the city will be put into use next year.
正在城东修建的图书馆明年将投入使用。
【考点过关】
用括号内动词的适当形式填空
1. The flowers ________ (smell) sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _______ (form) in your mind instead of before your eyes.
3. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ________ (remain) 20 dollars.
4. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ (know) as 3M.
5. The picture _______ (hang) on the wall is painted by my nephew.
6. The disc, _________ (record) digitally in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
7. The first textbooks for teaching English _______ (write) as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
8. The old farmer, _______ (support) the badly-injured and wounded soldier, came out of the burning house, calling for help.
9. -- Oh, it's already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the meeting this evening
-- Well, go on with the matter _______ (discuss) this afternoon.
10. Linda can't attend _______ (hold) the party at Tom's house at present because she is preparing a speech for the party _______ (hold) at Marie's house tomorrow.
11. The ______ (puzzle) situation made everyone feel _______ (puzzle) about what to do next.
12. I'd like to apply for the job as a sales manager of your company ______ in China Daily dated August 8.
【参考答案】
1. smelling; 2. forming; 3. remaining; 4. known; 5. hanging; 6. recorded; 7. written;
8. supporting; 9. discussed; 10. being held; to be held; 11. puzzling; puzzled;
12. advertised
●doubt; suspect
【教材原句】
But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle program resumed with the successful launch of Discovery. (教材P63)
【辨析】
两者都有“怀疑”的意思，但是用法有一定区别。
①两者后面接名词 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )、代词 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E4%BB%A3%E8%AF%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )或名词性词组时可通用。
②两者后面接 that 从句，意思就截然不同。 这时，doubt如果用肯定结构，表示“不相信，怀疑不是那样”，如果用否定结构，则表示“不怀疑，确信”； 而suspect 表示“怀疑，怀疑其有”。
③ doubt 后面可以接 whether/if 引导的从句，而suspect不可以。
④ 两者构成的短语不同。doubt常构成：doubt of sth 疑惑某事；suspect 常构成以下两个结构：suspect sb./sth. to be…怀疑某人或某物是….； suspect sb of （doing） sth. 怀疑某人某事/做某事。
⑤doubt作名词，表示“疑惑”，常构成结构：there is no/little doubt that….毫无疑问…
⑥ suspect 作名词是“犯罪嫌疑人”的意思。
【例句呈现】
I doubt/suspect the truth of her statement.
我对她那番话的真实性 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E%E6%80%A7&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )表示怀疑。　　
He says he can cure me, but I still doubt/suspect him.
他说他能治好我的病 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E7%97%85&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )，但我仍对他不放心。　　
I doubt that he has stolen my watch.
我不相信他偷了我的手表。　　
I suspect that he has stolen my watch.
我怀疑 / 猜想他偷了我的手表。　　
I doubt that she is the criminal.
我不相信她是罪犯。
I suspect that she is the criminal.
我怀疑她是罪犯。
The doctor suspected that he was ill with flu.
医生怀疑/认为他得了流感。　　
I don't doubt that he is right.
我确信他是对的。　　
I didn't doubt that he would come.
我当时相信他会来的。　　
Why did she doubt that they were cheats？
她为什么怀疑他们是骗子？　　
I doubt whether/if he'll come.
我不敢肯定他来不来。　　
It's raining hard. I doubt whether it will be fine tomorrow.
雨下得很大，我不敢说明天会晴。　　
She never doubted of his success.
她从不怀疑他的成功。　　
I suspected him to be the spy.
我认为他就是那个间谋。　　
What made you suspect her of having taken the money？
你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？
【考点过关】
用suspect和doubt的适当形式填空。
1. There is no ______ that television has greatly changed people’s lives.
2. I think there is very little ______ that will happen.
3. Others _______ whether/if that would happen.
4. There is no _______ that computers are very useful in technology and business.
5. I _______ whether/if he will marry her.
6. There is no _______ that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.
7. No one _______ his ability at that time.
8. The police _______ him of having a part in the jewel robbery yesterday.
9. No one directly involved with the case _______ him now.
10. The police have eliminated two ______ from their investigation.
11. A referendum showed beyond ______ that voters wanted independence.
12. He ________ that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin, and so she was.
13. The _______ is currently under control of Xiangtan police.
14. They ________ me of having a hand in the affair last year.
15. I think there is very little _______ that will happen.
【参考答案】
1. doubt; 2. doubt; 3. doubted; 4. doubt; 5. doubt; 6. doubt; 7. suspected; 8. suspected; 9. suspects; 10. suspects; 11. doubt; 12. suspected; 13. suspect; 14. suspected; 15. doubt
●(it's) no/little/small wonder (that)…；it's a wonder (that)…
【教材原句】
No wonder so many people took to social media to bid it goodbye, saying,, “Farewell, dear Cassini! We shall never forget you!” (教材P65)
【辨析】
两者意思完全不同。
(it's) no/little/small wonder (that)… 意思是“不足为奇；并不奇怪；难怪”，it’s 常常可以省略。一般用来说明不足为奇的事情是有原因的。
it's a wonder (that)… 意思是“令人惊奇的是；莫名其妙的是”，常用来描述让人不可思议的事情。
【例句呈现】
"It is no wonder that our missile men refer to guided missiles as "birds" .
我们的导弹发射手称导弹为“鸟”是一点也不奇怪的。
It is no wonder that he should have succeeded
他成功了是不足为奇的。
No wonder that the bag is too expensive.
毫无疑问这个包包太贵了。
It is no wonder that the employer rejects them.
这也难怪会受到雇主的拒绝。
It is no wonder that such schools are the rule in Germany and Russia.
难怪这样的学校在德国和俄国居统治地位。
It is no wonder that they build a beautiful image in others' heart.
难怪在别人的心理他们能够建立一个美好形象。
It is little wonder (that) she was so upset.
她如此心烦意乱，并不奇怪。
It is a wonder that he shouldn't be convinced of his mistakes.
说也奇怪，他竟然认识不到自己的错误。
It is a wonder that, in these circumstances, Barack Obama still has a chance of winning.
令人惊奇的是，在这种情况下，巴拉克奥巴马仍有希望胜出。
It is a wonder that he remained alive after dropping from the roof of a ten-storied building.
他从一幢10层楼房子的屋顶上摔下来，但仍然活着，真是奇迹。
MACROECONOMISTS are widely disparaged for getting most things wrong, but really it is a wonder that they know anything at all.
宏观经济学因为总是给出错误结果而一直饱受鄙视，但是实际上值得一问的是他们到底知道什么。
It is a real wonder that such a busy man as Defoe would have found time for literary creation.
这是一个真正的人，难怪这么忙抽空搞文学创作。
It is a wonder that McLennan did not discover in these marriage clubs, to several of which one could belong and which he himself describes, a new class of club marriage!
奇怪的是，麦克伦南在叙述这种婚姻俱乐部时，竟没有发现俱乐部婚姻这个新类别。
【考点过关】
用no wonder和a wonder 填空
1. It’s ________ that Mr. Brown recognized me at the first sight after all these years.
2. With all these attractions, ________ tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.
3. It is ________ that they finished all the matter within two days.
4. Her child is missing. Therefore, it is _______ that she is so upset.
5. It is _________ that he came here so early this morning. You know, he is always late.
6. He hasn’t slept at all for three days. It is ________ he is tired out.
7. -- Dressed in a red coat, he is like a girl rather than a boy.
-- ______ I didn’t recognize him.
8. It is ________ that he is still alive after hiding in a cave without any food or water.
9. He has been working hard, so it is _________ that he should have succeeded.
10. It is ________ that he reused such a good offer.
11. His parents have both died, so it is _______ that he looks so sad.
12. I am told that he studies very hard and it is _______ that he stands out in every subject.
13. In terms of the poor condition of the engine, it is _______ that it even starts.
14. With such frightening statistics about health, it is _______ that more and more people are getting into shape.
15. It's _______ that he survived the terrible air crash.
【参考答案】
1. a wonder; 2. no wonder; 3. a wonder; 4. no wonder; 5. a wonder; 6. no wonder; 7. No wonder; 8. a wonder; 9. no wonder; 10. a wonder; 11. no wonder; 12. no wonder; 13. a wonder; 14. no wonder; 15. a wonder
●provide; supply; offer
【教材原句】
As getting into space is however, still not an easy task, more and more space camps and other places are providing simulated space adventures. (教材P66)
And as salt and pepper would simple float away, astronauts are provided with these in liquid form. (教材P71)
【辨析】
三者都可表示 “供给、提供”，但用法表达有一定区别。
provide表示“供给，提供，装备；准备”，常强调有预见，通过储存等方式为应对意外、紧急情况等做准备，以便需要时提供所需物品。常用于provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for/to sb.结构。有时supply 和 provide 可以互换。
supply表示“供应；补充；弥补”，一般强调替换或补足所需之物以及弥补缺陷，满足要求，常用于supply sb. with sth.= supply sth. to sb.结构。还可作名词，意为“供给（量）；物资；存货”，常用复数形式。
offer 表示“提出，提供；呈现”，着重强调主动向别人提供物品、帮助和服务等。常用于offer to do sth..；offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to/for sb./sth. 句型。
【例句呈现】
Supplies of food are almost exhausted.
贮存的食物快吃完了。
We cannot guarantee adequate supplies of raw materials.
我们不能保证提供充足的原料。
A transport plane carrying food and medical supplies for refugees has arrived.
一架为难民运送食物和医疗用品的运输机已经到了。
Their aim was to block guerrilla supply lines.
他们的目的是封锁游击队的供给线。
They are at the end of their food supply.
他们的食物储备已消耗殆尽。
We are here to provide a service for the public.
我们来这里是为公众服务。
The company has won a contract to supply books and materials to schools.
这家公司得到了一份向学校供应图书资料的合同。
Water supplies to the house are at low pressure.
这房子的供水压很低。
The hospital has a commitment to provide the best possible medical care.
这家医院承诺要提供最好的医疗服务。
The network will provide computer services to your home.
这个网络将为家庭提供全方位的计算机服务。
A firewall provides an essential security blanket for your computer network.
防火墙为计算机网络提供了基本安全保障。
The school provided food for the students.
学校为学生提供伙食。
They provided us with all the books we need.
他们为我们提供所需要的所有书籍。
The bank provided/supplied him with a loan $100,000.
银行为他提供了10万美元的贷款。
She offered me a cup of tea.
她给我端了杯茶。
He offered to go instead of me.
他主动提出代替我去。
Several people were passing but nobody offered to help.
有几个人擦肩而过，却没有人主动提出帮助。
She offered us five different kinds of cake.
她给我们提供了五种不同的蛋糕。
【考点过关】
根据supply, provide和offer的用法填空并注意括号内词的形式
1. Our _______ (supply) were running out.
2. Teachers provide a model ______ children to imitate.
3. The charity aims ________ (provide) assistance to people in need.
4. The cars will _______ (supply) to people all over the country.
5. Cows supply us _______ milk.
6. In Britain milk is supplied ______ each house in bottles.
7. We _______ (offer, provide) customers a free home delivery service.
8. The statistics offer further support _______ our theory.
9. We _______ (offer , supply, provide) a personal service to all our customers.
10. His company offers a flexible packaging service _______ the food industry.
【参考答案】
1. supplies; 2. for/to; 3. provide; 4. supplied; 5. with; 6. to; 7. offer; 8. to/for; 9. offer/supply/provide; 10. for/to
●be composed of…. = be comprised of…. = be made up of… = consist of…; be made of….; be made from….; be made up of….
【教材原句】
The 500-meter dish of the “Eye of Heaven”, as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes. (教材P68)
【辨析】
be composed of….= be comprised of….= be made up of….= consist of…意思是“由….组成/构成”，表示由若干部分组成。
be made of…. 意思是“由….做成”，一般所成之物可以看出原材料。
be made from… 意思是“由….制成”，所成之物一般看不出原材料。
【例句呈现】
It may be composed of multiple person records from different source systems.
它可能会包含来自不同源系统的多人记录。
Each group should be composed of at least ten members.
这个团队应该组成一个三人团队。
Some composite applications may be composed of several pages.
某些复合应用程序可能由一些页面组成。
Facial perception can be composed of face analysis and synthesis.
人脸感知可由分析与合成人脸两部分构成。
In some conditions the new manufacture system can be composed of many atom enterprises.
它可以同其它原子企业在一定的外界条件下构成一种新的生产体系结构。
In an assembly, services can be composed of other services.
在装配中，服务可由其他服务组装而成。
Services can be composed of other services.
服务可由其它的服务来组成。
Navy must be composed of surface ship unit and submarine unit.
海军一定是由水面舰艇部队和潜艇部队组成。
The traffic accident crime subjective element shall only be composed of fault.
The development will consist of 66 dwellings and a number of offices.
新建楼区将由66栋住房和一些办公用房组成。
The division will consist of two tank companies and one infantry company
这个师的组成部队将包括两个坦克连和一个步兵连。
The lungs consist of millions of tiny air sacs.
肺由数百万个小气囊组成。
A healthy diet should consist of wholefood.
健康饮食应由全天然食物构成。
All bodies consist of molecules and molecules consist of atoms.
一切物质都由分子组成，而分子由原子组成。
Most of them consist of only one cell.
他们中大部分是单细胞生物。
In short, the building would consist of two floors.
简而言之，办公楼将由两层构成。
The pipes should be made of plastic.
这些管子应该是用塑料制作的。
These houses are made of bricks.
这些房屋是砖造的。
The wine is made from grapes.
酒是用葡萄酿的。
Butter is made from milk.
奶油是用牛奶做的。
The fruit can be made into jam.
这种水果可以制成果酱。
Her bestseller 'Peachtree Road' is soon to be made into a television mini-series.
她的畅销小说《桃树路》不久将被拍成一部电视系列短剧。
The new R& D centre will be made up of both new and existing staff.
这家新研发中心所需的人手将来自新招募的员工和现有员工。
Plato conjectured each of these elements to be made up of a certain Platonic solid.
柏拉图推测每一种元素都是由某些理想立方体组成。
As with the first two seasons, the third will most likely be comprised of 10 parts, which will bring its overall count to 30.
和前两季一样，第三季很可能由10集组成，总集数将达到30集。
While it was believed that they were a single species, recent research indicates that they may, in fact, be comprised of several different species of Orca.
此前一直认为虎鲸只有一种，但最近的调查显示虎鲸种类繁多。
【考点过关】
根据be made of….; be made from….; be made up of….; be comprised of….用法填空
1. These pellets （可燃球）will be made _______ various metals and elements so that they give off different colors.
2. The taps appeared to be made _______ solid gold.
3. They used to be made _________ pigskin.
4. But those piles of metals in the warehouses(仓库) are waiting to be made _____ pipes.
5. Hydration is an essential part of maintaining beautiful skin, and cucumbers happen to be made up ______ about 96 percent water-more than most solid foods, including watermelon.
6. Then it will be made ______ strawberry-flavored, chocolate-coated fudge(草莓牛奶巧克力夹心软糖).
7. These studies may be comprised ______ either basic animal or human research or both.
8. The full text is supposed to be comprised ______ five parts in detailed elaboration.
【参考答案】
1. from; 2. of; 3. of; 4. into; 5. of; 6. into; 7. of; 8. of
●have/has been to + 地点; have/has gone to + 地点
【教材原句】
Have you ever used a telescope or been to a planetarium (教材P70)
【辨析】
两者意义完全不同, 所以用法就不同。
have/has been to + 地点. 表示“去过某地，已经回来了”。主语可以是各种人称，句子中常出现once, twice, three times, just, ever, never, before等词。
have/has gone to + 地点 表示““去某地了”，可能到目的地了，也可能在路上。主语常常是第三人称。
【例句呈现】
She has gone to her homeland; she is coming to my home next week.
她回她家乡了，下周回来。
I have been to Hong Kong twice.
我去过香港两次。
We have been to the Mount Tai, and we all enjoyed ourselves then.
我们去过泰山，那时我们玩得很快乐。
He missed his mother very much, so he has already gone to his home.
他很思念母亲，所以他回家了。
They have been to Hangzhou and they found it very interesting.
他们去过香港，而且他们感觉那里很有趣。
Tom has gone to the W.C, so I have to wait for him now.
汤姆去厕所了，我现在得等他。
How many times have you been to Shanghai？
你去过上海多少次？
I like the West Lake, so I have been there many times.
我非常喜欢西湖，因此我去过很多次。
-- May I speak to Mary 是玛丽吗？
-- Sorry, she has gone to Xi’an. 遗憾，她去西安了
He has never been to Hangzhou, but he has been to Wuhan once.
他从来没去过杭州，但是他去过武汉一次。
-- I haven’t seen him recently. 最近我没有看见他。
-- Oh, he has gone to Fujian. 哦，他去福建了。
Sally isn’t at home; she has gone to Japan.
萨利不在家，她去日本了。
【考点过关】
用been to; gone to填空
1. I have ever ______ Qingdao; I went there last year
2. --Where’s Lucy --She has ______ a restaurant for lunch.
3. Have you _______ this park before
4. I have ______ Hangzhou only once this year.
5. She has ________ the shop to buy a notebook.
6. You’re late, but Lao Wang has _______ Guangzhou.
7. -- Hi, I’m looking for you everywhere. -- Oh, I have _______ the library.
8. My aunt has never _____ Russia, so she doesn’t know where Russia is.
9. The Blacks aren’t in Beijing; they have ______ Shenzhen together.
10. He doesn’t want to see you, so he has ________ another city.
11. Oh, they are looking for you, and what place have you _________
12. – What place have you ______ these days
-- I have _______ Beijing to visit a friend
13. He has just _______ Chongqing, so I’m afraid you can’t see him.
14. He has _______ many cities in China, but he has never _______ abroad.
15. My father has never ______ the park with me before.
16. Mary and Linda have _______ the garden, so you need to wait.
【参考答案】
1. been to; 2. gone to; 3. been to; 4. been to; 5. gone/been to; 6. gone to; 7. been to; 8. been to ; 9. been to; 10. gone to; 11. been to; 12. been to, been to; 13. gone to; 14. been to, been to; 15. been to ; 16. gone to
PAGE
2 / 2