外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit6 Space and beyond单元考点突破学案（有答案）

名师原创：Unit6 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. accustomed adj. 习惯的；通常的；惯常的
【原句再现】
Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969，people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
be accustomed/used to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事(表示状态)
get/become accustomed/used to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)
accustom vt. 使习惯于
accustom oneself/sb.to sth. 使自己/某人习惯于(做)某事
【精品例句】
You must accustom yourself to be more at ease when you are before strangers.
当你在陌生人面前时，要使自己习惯于别太拘束。
You'll soon accustom yourself to the climate here.
你将很快习惯这里的气候。
He is accustomed to getting up early，which is beneficial to his health.
他习惯于早起，这对他的健康有益。
【高考链接】
As we all know, English people are accustomed to_________ (drive)on the left. (浙江卷) (driving)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The students quickly accustomed _______ (they) to the new timetable, which excited the teachers. (themselves)
_______ to getting up late in the morning, I spend a lot of time accustoming myself to the school's rules and regulations. (Accustomed)
2. average adj. 平均的；正常的；普通的
【原句再现】
Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today's average school students, all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
on (the) average　平均来看
above (the) average 高于平均水平
below (the) average 低于平均水平
an average of... 平均有……(后跟数词)
the average of... ……的平均数
【精品例句】
He is working hard and his grades are above the average in his class.
他学习刻苦，成绩在班里高于平均水平
The average of 3，8 and 10 is 7.
3，8，10的平均数为7
An average of ten students haven't passed the exam in each class.
每个班平均有10名学生未通过考试
The temperature now is below average．
此时的气温低于平均水平
【高考链接】
Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a(n) _____ of 40,000 per year. (福建卷)
A. average B. number C. amount D. quantity. (A)
At present a public bicycle is rented and returned four times a day _________ average.
（陕西卷） (on)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The boats remain at sea for _______ average of ten days at a time. (an)
______ average, people who don’t smoke are healthier than people who do. (On)
3. replace vt. 取代，更换；把…放回原处
【原句再现】
By the early 1980s, the great rockets previously used in the American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
replacement n. 更换，更替；替换的人或物
replace…with/by 用…替换
【精品例句】
Personally, I think store shopping will exist along with home shopping but will never be replaced. 我个人认为商店购物会与家庭购物并存，但绝不会被取代
They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.
他们用昂贵的新跑车替代了钟爱的旧车
【高考链接】
We can replace bamboo with wood. (湖北课改卷) (with)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
我们乐意为您更换这台收音机
(We’d be happy to replace the radio for you. )
杂志阅读后请放回原处
(Replace the magazines after reading.)
4. involve vt. 包含；需要；涉及；影响；使参加
【原句再现】
When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986，the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
involvement n. 参与=participation
involved adj. 参与的，投入的
involve oneself in sth. 参加…
be/get involved in/with….参加/参与….
【精品例句】
A crosstalk performance involves talking, imitating, singing and telling jokes.
相声表演包含说、学、逗、唱
The work of an elephant trainer involves love and devotion.
驯象师的工作需要爱和奉献
If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their positions.
如果你的目标影响到其他人，请设身处地为他们想想
How many vehicles were involved in the crash 这次撞车事故涉及多少车辆？
Children can get a lot out of being involved in volunteer work.
孩子们通过参加志愿者工作会学到很多东西
Fathers are encouraged to be more involved with their children.
父母应该更多和自己的孩子在一起
【高考链接】
Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which ____ spending quite a lot of time with students. (福建卷)
A. enjoys B. involves C. practices D. suggests ( B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Students should involve themselves _______ community activities where they can gain experience for growth. (in)
5. inspire vt. 使鼓舞；激励；启发思考
【原句再现】
With the eyes of students across the nation upon her, she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
inspire sb. with sth. = inspire sth. in sb. 激起某人….
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；令人鼓舞的
inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的；使有灵感的
inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞
【精品例句】
His brother was admitted to Peking University，which inspired him to study harder.
他的哥哥被北京大学录取了，这激励他更加努力学习
His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.
＝His encouraging remarks inspired me with confidence.
他的一番鼓励激起了我的信心
Our challenge is to inspire them to join our cause.
我们的挑战是要激励他们加入我们的事业
Her inspiring speech yesterday made us inspired．
她昨天的鼓舞人心的演讲使我们深受鼓舞
【高考链接】
The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists _____ (explore) the outer space. (陕西卷) (to explore)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
1. Dreams can be a rich source of _______ (inspire)for an artist. (inspiration)
2. His speech was _______ (inspire) so we were all inspired. (inspiring)
6. shock n.(爆炸、地震等引起的)剧烈震动; 冲击; 电击; 触电; 震惊; 打击; 令人震惊的事; 休克; vt.使震惊; 使气愤
【原句再现】
The world went into shock，most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane. (教材P63)
【词块积累】
shocked adj. 震惊的;愤慨的
shocking adj.令人震惊的; 令人憎恶的
a shocked look/expression惊讶的样子/表情
shocking news令人震惊的消息
culture shock文化冲击
the shock wave 冲击波
【精品例句】
She was in (a state of) shock for about two weeks after the accident.
出事后差不多两个星期里，她都处于惊魂未定的状态
Mom hasn't gotten over the shock of Dad’s death
妈妈还没有从爸爸去世的打击中恢复过来
It came as a shock to hear that the factory would have to close.
听说工厂要关闭，人们感到很震惊
She was taken to hospital suffering from shock. 她因休克被送往医 院
The news of Scott's death shocked the world.斯科特的死讯让整个世界为之震惊
He seems to enjoy shocking people. 他好像以冒犯他人为乐
【高考链接】
They were deeply _____ (shock) at/ by her behavior. (山东卷) (shocked)
It’s ____ (shock) shocking that he refused to help his twin brother. （陕西卷）(shocking)
【考点训练】
翻译句子
地震引起的震动在数英里之外都能感觉得到
(The shock of the earthquake was felt miles away.)
别碰那根线，否则你会触电的
(Don 't touch that wire or you'll get a shock.)
7. assume vt. 假定;设想; 担任; 承担
【原句再现】
The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane. (教材P63)
【词块积累】
assumption n. 假定; 假设
it is assumed + that…..从句… (人们/一般) 认为
make an assumption 认为；假定
on the assumption that... 假定……
assume v. 假定；设想
assume sb./sth. to be 假定/假设某人/某事为
assuming (that)... conj.假设/假定……
【精品例句】
We think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.
我们认为，假设他们不顾严寒住在这些洞穴里是有道理的
It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
普遍认为，压力系工作过重所致
I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it. 我错了，我愿意为此承担责任
The assumption that human clones have already been born hasn't been proved yet.
克隆人已经问世的说法还没有被证实
We are working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up .
我们假设每个人都会应邀出席，并正在就此作安排。
【高考链接】
The project was predicated on the _________ (assume) that the economy was expanding. (江苏卷) (assumption)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
_______ (assume) that you're chosen to be the leader, what will you do (Assuming)
It is generally ____ (assume) that too much work will cause stress. (assumed)
8. shadow n．坏影响，阴影
【原句再现】
It was the most disastrous space accident ever，and it cast a shadow on people's hearts. (教材P63)
【词块积累】
be frightened/nervous/scared of one’s own shadow 非常胆小(或十分紧张)
in the shadow of … 在……附近
under the shadow of…. 在……的阴影中
without/beyond a shadow of a doubt 毫无疑问
【精品例句】
She seemed to have always been under the shadow of her father.
她似乎总是生活在父亲的阴影下。
The scandal cast a shadow on his career.
这件丑闻给他的事业投上了一层阴影。
The tree cast its shadow.
那棵树投下影子。
【高考链接】
Whenever he sees his boss, he is nervous _______ his own shadow．(陕西卷) (of)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The new market is ______ the shadow of the City Hall. (in)
Kate has been living for years ______ the shadow of fear．(under)
9. scream v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
【原句再现】
The Challenger had exploded in mid air and we all started screaming. (教材P63)
【词块积累】
scream with laughter尖声大笑
scream out for.../to do 亟须；亟待
let out a scream发出尖叫声
【精品例句】
He covered her mouth to stop her from screaming.
他捂上她的嘴，不让她叫出声来。
The kids were screaming with excitement.
孩子们兴奋地喊叫着。
The woman lay there，screaming with pain.
那个女人躺在那里，疼得直尖叫。
【高考链接】
These books scream out _______ (include) in a list of favorites. (浙江卷) (to be included)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Someone was screaming out ______ help. (for)
10. suspend v．暂停，中止；悬挂
【原句再现】
Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated, and some of the shuttle's components were redesigned. (教材P63)
【词块积累】
suspend sb. from sth. (尤指因为违反纪律)暂令某人停学或 者停职
suspend sth. from sth./by sth. 悬挂
be suspended in sth. 悬浮在……中
【精品例句】
Production has been suspended while safety checks are carried out.
在进行安全检查期间生产暂停。
Cancel or suspend is not allowed.
不允许“取消”或“终止”。
The union suspended strike action this week.
这周工会暂停了罢工。
【高考链接】
Julie was suspended ______ her job shortly after the incident. (陕西卷) (from)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Her body was found suspended _____ a rope. (by)
A lamp was suspended ______ the ceiling. (from)
11. doubt n. 怀疑; 疑惑; 疑虑; vt.怀疑
【原句再现】
But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue，and on 29 September 1988，the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery. (教材P63)
【词块积累】
doubtful adj. 怀疑的
doubtless adj. 无疑的
doubt about…怀疑…
dismiss/raise doubts 打消/引起疑虑
no/little/some doubt that…注: 在这个结构中，从属连词that引导同位语从句，说明名词doubt的具体内容，that不可省略
…doubt… (as to) 有疑问以至于…
be in doubt不确定; 拿不准
no doubt无疑; 很可能
without / beyond doubt毫无疑问; 的确
doubt + that从句 怀疑…
doubt +if / whether从句 怀疑/疑惑是否….
【精品例句】
If you are in doubt, you should consult your doctor.
Doubt is the key to knowledge. 怀疑是知识的钥匙
I have no doubt about your ability to do this job well.
我完全相信你有能力做好这份工作
I have no doubt that he will succeed. 我对他会成功毫不怀疑
There is some doubt (as to) whether he will be elected.他能否当选还不太确定
The future of the peace talks is in doubt.和谈前途未卜
No doubt you will have your own ideas. 你很可能会有自己的观点
Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.
收门票无疑会把一些人拒之门外
Without doubt, the number of jobs in information technology will multiply.
毫无疑问，信息技术方面的工作会大大增加
I don't doubt that the gold ring belongs to her我不怀疑那枚金戒指是她的
【高考链接】
There is little/no doubt in your mind _____ he is innocent is there (江苏卷) (that)
There remains a certain ______ (doubtful) among the people as to the practical value of the project. (安徽卷) (doubt)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I doubt ______ that chair will bear your weight. (if/whether)
12. remind vt. 提醒；使想起
【原句再现】
The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem. (教材P63)
【词块积累】
reminder n. 令人回忆的事物; 提醒者; 提醒物
remind sb. about/of…提醒某人某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb+ that/wh-从句
【精品例句】
Remind you, Jane. Take care. My wife got her purse picked at the station once.
提醒你一下，简，要当心。我妻子的钱包曾在火车站被偷过，
I forgot to remind him about / of the time for the interview我忘了提醒他面试的时间。
Do something you're good at. Remind yourself how good you are al so many things.
做点你擅长的事, 要提醒自己你是多么的多才多艺。
He placed the brochure on his desk as a reminder. 他把手册放在桌上作为提醒 (山东卷)
Let me remind you once again so that you won't forget.我再说一遍，省得你忘了。
Please remind him to start early.请提醒他早点动身。
The pictures reminded me of my school days.这些照片使我想起了学生时代。
Please remind me that there is an important meeting tomorrow morning.
请提醒我明早有个重要的会议。
【高考链接】
In our childhood, we were often by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners. (陕西卷)
A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped (B)
The photo will remind me ____ the days when we were together. ( 山东卷) (of)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
我们坚起一块牌子提醒人们保护树木(北京卷)
(We put up a board to remind people to protect the trees.)
我提醒自己，妈妈能做的我也能做 (天津卷)
(I reminded myself that what my mother could do, I could, too.)
13. contact n. 联系; 联络;交往; 触碰; 接触; 社会关系;门路; 熟人; vt. (用电话、信件等) 联络 (某人); 使接触;与…接触
【原句再现】
Perhaps we will be able to… to make contact with life on other planets. (教材P66)
【词块积累】
get in contact with…与…取得联系=make contact with…
keep/stay in contact with …. 与…保持联系
lose contact with…与…失去联系
physical contact身体接触
【精品例句】
I have managed to make contact with an old friend.我设法与一位老朋友取得了联系
In the past, it was always easy to get a job if you had friends and contacts.
在过去，如果你有朋友和关系，找工作往往很容易
Please contact me by e-mail if you are interested in this kind of products.
如果你有兴趣，请发电子邮件与我联系。
The pilot lost contact with the control tower. 这个飞行员失去了与塔台的联系
【高考链接】
My only contact ____ my parents now is through the phone. (重庆卷.语法填空) (with)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The Internet helps me to get/ keep / stay in contact ____ my friends. (with)
14. found vt. 创办，创立，创建
【原句再现】
The Space Camp, founded in 1982 under NASA, is and educational camp, where children can learn about space travel and astronomy, and even have the chance to have lunch with an astronaut! (教材P66)
【词块积累】
the foundation of the first university第一所大学的创办
a founding member/father 创办人之一，元勋
lay the foundation for…..给……打下基础；为……奠定基础
without foundation 无根据的
founder n创建者; 创始人
foundation n.建立；创办；基础；基本原则；根据；地基; 房基; 基金会
found sth. on / upon…建立在…之上
【精品例句】
Harvard University, founded in 1636, is the oldest university in the United States.
创办于1636年的哈佛大学是美国最古老的大学
The town was founded by English settlers in 1790.
这座城镇是英国 移民于1790年建造的
The house is founded on rock. 那房子建在岩石上
The hospital was founded on a donation fund. 这所医院是用捐赠基金建造的
The foundation of every state is its education of its youth.
对青年人的教育是每个国家的根本
How long will it take to finish digging the foundations 挖好地基需要多久
【高考链接】
__________ (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.（福建卷）(Founded)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
His _______ (found) provides money for schools. (foundation)
15. fascination n. 魅力，迷惑力；迷恋
【原句再现】
The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history. (教材P68)
【词块积累】
fascinate v．使入迷，吸引
fascinating adj.　迷人的
fascinated adj. 着迷的
be fascinated by/with...被……迷住
【精品例句】
It was a question that had fascinated him since he was a boy.
这是他自幼就着迷的问题。
Therefore，I do not have anything with which to fascinate people.
因此，我没有什么能使人着迷的东西。
The whole process fascinates me.
这一整个流程都让我着迷。
【高考链接】
I retreated before her only as quickly as was necessary，________ (fascinate). (福建卷) (fascinated)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Because of your existence，my life will be more ______ (fascinate)． (fascinating)
In those days，she was fascinated _______ past visitors. (by/with)
●本单元其它重要词组
16. one’s heart in one’s mouth 心提到嗓子眼；吓得要命
Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how arduous and hazardous and undertaking it was, and of the many things that could go wrong. (教材)
With his heart in his mouth, John moved towards the strange sounds.
17. tune in 收听；收看；使…协调；调整频率
But this was going to be no ordinary excursion, and millions of people tuned in to witness the take-off on TV. (教材)
People get their information by tuning in to foreign radio stations.
18. cast a shadow on/over… 使…黯然失色；在…投下影子；使….笼罩上阴影
It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people’s hearts. (教材)
Her father’s illness cast a shadow over the wedding celebrations.
19. call to… 打电话给….；呼唤；向….喊
The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem. (教材)
The new era calls to us, saying that we should strive to achieve more and do better.
20. reach for the stars 有崇高的目标；雄心勃勃
The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem. (教材)
She always encouraged her students to reach for the stars.
21. quest for… 对…追求/探索
But the human quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that. (教材)
World leaders are now united in their quest for peace.
●句型点拨
1. 形容词短语作状语
【原句再现】
Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets，their hearts in their mouths, aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was, and of the many things that could go wrong. (教材P62)
句式分析：句子中aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was，and of the many things that could go wrong 是形容词短语作状语，来说明主语的状态。
【能力拓展】
※形容词(短语)作状语时，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等。
※形容词(短语)作状语时，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
温馨告知：如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。
【精品例句】
Surprised and happy，Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
既惊讶又高兴，托尼站起来接受了奖品。
The boy ran home，full of fear.
男孩满心恐惧地跑回家。
After the long journey，the three of them returned home，hungry and tired.
经过长途旅行，他们三个回到了家，又冷又饿。
Seriously injured，some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once.
伤势严重，一些乘客被立即送往了最近的医院。
Brave，good and strong，Xiulian is the character we care about most.
我们最关心秀莲这个角色，她勇敢、善良而且坚强。
【高考链接】
______ (luck)，his mother was very patient, and don't give up trying to help him. (湖北卷) (Luckily)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She looked at me, happy and _______ (satisfy)．(satisfied)
2. no ＋比较级＋than
【原句再现】
The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane. (教材P63)
句式分析：“A＋no more...than B”句式表示两者都不……
【能力拓展】
※ “no＋比较级＋than”结构表示该形容词或副词的相反含义，意思是“与……一样不……”，如：no better than意义上相当于as bad as，no wiser than意义上相当于as stupid as，no richer than相当于as poor as，no bigger than相当于as small as。
※not＋比较级＋than含义是“不比……怎么样” 比如not better than...不比……好。
温馨告知：比较级的其他特殊表示方法：
※表示两者之中“较……”，用the＋比较级＋of the two。
This one is the bigger of the two houses.
※定冠词或指示形容词＋比较级＋名词表示比较。
The taller boy is John.
※有少数以ior结尾的形容词，如inferior(次于)，junior(地位低下的)，posterior(之后)，prior(之前)，senior(地位高)，superior(优于)等本身就有比较的意思，常与介系词to连用。
This method is superior to that one.
※形容词比较级可以被副词如a little(一点)，much(得多)，even(更加)，still(更加)，far(……得多)等修饰，但不可用very修饰。
Life is very much easier than it was twenty years ago.
【精品例句】
This book is not more interesting than that one.
这本书不如那本书有趣。
This book is no more interesting than that one.
这本书和那本书一样不令人感兴趣。
John is no better than Tom.
约翰和汤姆都不好。
Jack is no more diligent than Tom.
杰克和汤姆都不勤奋。
I am no taller than you.
我和你个子都不高。
【高考链接】
Tom's handwriting is far/much/even better ______ yours. (陕西卷) (than)
【考点训练】
He is senior______ me. (to)
●名词性从句（详见语法课件）
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