外研版（2019） 选择性必修第四册 Unit6 Space and beyond Using language能力提升练（含解析）

Unit6 Using language能力提升练
I. 阅读理解
(2020天津第一中学高二月考)
Launching people into space may make the headlines but it is little useful for science. So when George Bush redirected Americas space agency NASA, away from scientific research and towards a manned return to the moon, many scientists were disappointed. Now the agency has finally offered some small morsels of comfort in the form of four projects that could accompany efforts for a lunar return.
The most exciting of these is the plan for a radio telescope that could be placed on the far side of the moon. Such a device would look back at the early universe to the time when large-scale structures such as galaxies and stars formed. a lunar-based radio telescope would be able to detect long wavelengths that cannot be sensed on earth because they are absorbed by the outermost layers of the planet’s atmosphere. Moreover by pointing the telescope away from the din of shorter-wavelength radio waves that are used for communication on Earth, astrophysicists would be able to see the early universe in unprecedented detail.
Finding alien life might also be possible with such a telescope. It would be able to map the magnetic fields of stars and exoplanets It is the magnetic field of the Earth that protects its inhabitants from being bombarded by high-energy particles from space that would otherwise leave the planet sterile Detecting a magnetic field surrounding an Earth-like exoplanet would prove a promising sign for finding extraterrestrial life. The proposal, led by Joseph Lazio, of the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington. DC, is to create an array of three arms arranged in a Y-shape. each of which would be 500 metres long and contain 16 antennae. Each arm would be made of a plastic film that could be rolled out onto the surface of the moon, either by robots or by astronauts.
A second project. headed by Michael Collier of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre, would examine how the solar wind-a stream of charged particles ejected from the sun-interacts with the tenuous lunar atmosphere close to the moon’s surface Such bombardment produces low-energy X-rays that would be detected on the surface of the moon The third and fourth projects are similar both to each other and to earlier ventures dropped on the moon by the Apollo and the soviet Luna missions in the late 1960sand 1970s. Some 35 years on, reflectors placed on the lunar surface are still used by scientists interested in geophysics and geodesy. Most of the reflectors are clustered close to the lunar equator. The proposals led by Stephen Merkowitz, also of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Centre, and Douglas Currie, of the University of Maryland are to sprinkle some more sophisticated versions over more of the moon’s Surface.
Such efforts may attract little attention compared with the launch of the space shuttle Endeavour this week. Nevertheless, when NASA argues that putting people into space inspires young people to study science, it is precisely these Endeavours that it wishes to encourage.
1. By “Launching people into space may make the headlines but it is little useful for science.” (In Paragraph 1), the author means______.
A. launching people into space is very important.
B. newspaper only cares about whether humans can travel into space.
C. humans’ travel to outer space is against scientific rules.
D. launching people into space is not of great scientific value.
2. The most distinctive feature of a lunar-based radio telescope mentioned in the second paragraph is that______.
A. it is able to capture long wavelengths.
B. it possesses better functions than the telescopes on earth.
C. it can escape from the magnetic field of the earth.
D. it can detect all galaxies in the universe.
3. How does the author feel about the four new moon.
A. Objective.
B. Affirmative.
C. Carefree.
D. Opposed.
4. To which of the following is the author likely to agree
A. The radio telescope will be able to find extraterrestrial life.
B. The second project focuses on the interaction between solar wind and Earth’s atmosphere.
C. Joseph Lazio’s proposal is part of the radio telescope project.
D. The four projects are closely related to the recently launched space shuttle Endeavour.
Ⅱ. 完形填空
(2020山东滨州五校高二联考)
Space is a dangerous place，not only because of meteors（流星） but also because of rays from the sun and other stars the atmosphere again acts as our 1 blanket on Earth. Light gets through，and this is 2 for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat too. makes our environments tolerable and some ultraviolet（紫外线的）rays get into the 3 Cosmic rays of various kinds come 4 the air from outer space，but 5 quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. 6 men leave the atmosphere they are 7 to this radiation；but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft. if they are inside do 8 a lot of radiation damage. radiation is the greatest known 9 to explorers in space. Doses（剂量）of radiation are 10 in units called “rems（雷姆）”. We all 11 radiation here on earth from the sun, from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals The 12 dose of radiation that we receive each year is about two millirems; it 13 according to where you live, and this is a very rough 14 . Scientists have reason to think that a man can 15 far more radiation without being damaged the figure of 60 rems has been agreed.
1. A. protective B. accustomed C. simulated D. awesome
2. A. unexceptional B. invisible C. curious D. essential
3. A. environment B. atmosphere C. space D. earth
4. A. through B. In C. from D. by
5. A. valid B. various C. enormous D. proper
6. A. As soon as B. As long as C. As well as D. As far as
7. A. shown B. faced C. covered D. exposed
8. A. prevent B. submit C. fetch D. deliver
9. A. shadow B. danger C. benefit D. safety
10. A. screamed B. suspended C. measured D. removed
11. A. receive B. accept C. bring D. catch
12. A. conventional B. common C. general D. normal
13. A. varies B. shifts C. converts D. modifies
14. A. balance B. estimate C. purpose D. stress
15. A. keep up with B. come up with C. put up with D. catch up with
Ⅲ. 语法填空
（2020江苏无锡高二期末统考）
On the earth everyone has a home while in space, there is also a home. It is nearly as big as a soccer field and (1)[ ](large) than a six-bedroom house. It is the International Space Station(ISS)
The ISS is home to astronauts. (2)[ ] (usual) there are three to six astronauts on board astronauts in the space station are very busy (3)[ ] (do) many science experiments in biology and physics. They study the effects (4)[ ] the human body after long exposure to microgravity. Sometimes they go on spacewalks to work outside the station.
As a groundbreaking scientific research facility the ISS (5)[ ] (benefit) people on the Earth. Robots on the ISS have inspired medical technology. Now it is possible for patients (6)[ ] (receive) certain surgery by a robotic arm, (7)[ ] performs better than humans The ISS also helps to watch the Earths ecosystems (8)[ ]warns us of volcano eruptions and earthquakes.
In the future, space will be home to more (9)[ ] (station) like the ISS. China is also planning to build (10)[ ] (it) own space station, and the launch of Tiangong-l in 2011 was the first step. It is expected that China will complete the space station by 2023.
1. ______ 2. ______ 3. ______ 4. ______ 5. ______
6. ______ 7. ______ 8. ______ 9. ______ 10. ______
参考答案：
Ⅰ.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。把人送入太空可能会成为头条新闻，但在科学方面并没有多少用处。因此当乔治·布什重新指挥NASA从科学研究转向载人重返月球时，许多科学家感到失望。
1. D 推理判断题。文章第一句话的意思是，把人送入太空也许能成为头条新闻，但是对科学研究却没有多大帮助。故选D项。
2. A 细节理解题。文章第二段提到，该射电望远镜的最大特点在于能够探测到那些无法在地球表面被检测到的长波。
3. B 推理判淅题。文章第二段中的j“The most exciting说明了作者的支持态度。同样，最后一段中作者对这些月球计划所代表的“奋进”精神大加赞赏，同样表达了一种支持的态度。
4. C 细节理解题。A选项错误的原因在于寻找外星人只是一种可能性，至于结果是不确定的。B选项错误的原因在于该研究定位于太阳风和月球稀薄的大气层之间的关系，而不是和地球大气层的关系。D选项错误的原因在于这四项研究与“奋进”号航天飞机并没有很大的关系。
Ⅱ.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。太空是一个危险的地方，不仅因为流星，也因为来自太阳和其他恒星的射线。而大气充当了我们的保护层。
1. A 太空是一个危险的地方，不仅因为流星，也因为来自太阳和其他恒星的射线。大气充当了我们的保护层。protective blanket保护层。
2. D 光可以通过大气层，这是植物制造我们所吃的食物所必需的。essential必要的，基本的。
3. B 热也使我们的环境可以忍受，并且一些紫外线穿透大气层。根据上文介绍，此处应该表示紫外线穿透大气层，因此选B。
4. A 各种各样的宇宙射线从外层空间穿过空气而来。介词hrough表示从物体内部穿过。
5. C 来自太阳的大量辐射被屏蔽了。enormous大量的。
6. A 一日人们离开大气层，他们就暴露在这种辐射下。as soon as就……，引导时间状语从句。
7. D 此处表示“暴露于这种辐射下”，be exposed to暴露于。
8. A 如果他们在里面，他们的宇航服或宇宙飞船的外壁确实阻挡了很多辐射伤害。prevent阻止，防止。
9. B 辐射是太空探索者已知的最大危险。danger危险。
10. C 辐射剂量测量单位称为“雷姆”。measure测量。
11. A 我们在地球上都受到来自太阳、宇宙射线和放射性矿物的辐射。receive表示收到。
12. D 我们每年接受的正常辐射剂量约为2毫雷姆。normal正常的。
13. A 所处地点不同，所受辐射量也不一样。vary变化，不同。
14. B 这是一个非常粗略的估计。estimate估计。
15. C 科学家有理由相信，一个人可以忍受60雷姆的辐射而不受伤害，这个数字已经被认可。put up with忍受。
Ⅲ.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在地球上每个人都有个家。在太空里也有一个家，它几乎和一个足球场一样大，这就是国际空间站。
1. larger 考查比较级。句意：它几乎和一个足球场一样大，比一栋有六间卧室的房子还要大。根据空后的than判断，应填large的比较级。
2. Usually 考查副词。句意：通常，飞船上有三到六名宇航员。设空处作句子的状语，意为“通常”，用副词 Usuall！
3. doing 考查非谓语动词。句意：太空站的宇航员正忙着做许多生物和物理方面的科学实验。be busy doing sth. “忙于做某事”，是固定短语。
4. on 考查介词。句意：他们研究长期暴露在微重力环境下对人体的影响。the effect on意为“对……的影响”，是固定用法。
5. enefits 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：作为一项开创性的科研设施，国际空间站造福了地球上的人们。设空处作句子的谓语，主语是ISS，且联系上下文可知用一般现在时，故用benefits。
6. to receive 考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，病人可以通过机械手臂接受某些手术，这比人类的表现更好。it是形式主语，故填动词不定式作真正的主语。
7. which 考查定语从句。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词是 a robotic arm，故用 which。
8. and 考查连词。句意：国际空间站还有助于观察地球的生态系统，并提醒我们注意火山爆发和地震。所填词连接并列的谓语 helps和 warns，故填and。
9. stations 考查名词的复数。句意：在未来，太空将成为更多像国际太空站这样的太空站的家园。由more可知，应用复数形式。
10. its 考查代词。句意：中国还计划建造自己的太空站，2011年发射的天宫一号是第一步。one’sown“某人自己的”，是固定用法。