外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit6 Space and beyond Starting out and Understanding ideas能力提升练（含解析）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit6 Space and beyond Starting out and Understanding ideas能力提升练（含解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-03-07 14:59:16 | ||
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Unit6 Starting out and Understanding ideas
能力提升练
I. 阅读理解
(2020山东潍坊一中高二检测)
We humans are a curious species. as NASA says on its website, Humans are driven to explore the unknown, discover new worlds, push the boundaries of our scientific and technical limits, and then push further.
And space exploration is where we’ve been “pushing” our furthest curiosity.
2019 began with two pieces of exciting space exploration news. On Jan. 3. China landed a spacecraft, Chang’e 4, on the moons far side-the side we can’t see from earth--for the first time in human history. and according to a report published on Jan. 9 in Nature. scientists from the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) detected repeated radio signals from a galaxy 1. 5 billion light years away, possibly sent by intelligent aliens.
However, what’s even more exciting than the news is the fact that whenever speaking of space exploration, we forget our political and cultural differences-the things that so obsess us.
“When you go into space, you become part of this overall collective called ‘humanity’,” Ken Liu a Chinese-American sci-fi writer and translator told a website. “You’re no longer Chinese. American Russian… Your culture is left behind. You’re now just ‘humanity’ with a capital ‘H’. ”
This magic has worked all the way along our journey into space. When the Us astronaut Neil Armstrong (1930--2012) became the first human to set foot on the moon in 1969, for example, he told the world: That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. Now, with Chang’e 4 touching down on new moon territory China’s aim is to help scientists from around the world find out more about Earth’s only satellite. And with the discovery of the CHIME astronomers, were one step closer to answering a common question in science: “Are humans alone in the universe ” It’s true that we are a curious species. But instead of being curious about the “unknown”, perhaps we’re really more eager to “push further” our own human" “boundaries” and “limits”.
1. Which of the following is the discovery of the CHIME Scientists
A. A galaxy with intelligent aliens.
B. Repeated radio signals sent by intelligent aliens.
C. Repeated radio signals from a distant galaxy.
D. Radio signals from a galaxy several light years ago.
2. Why does the author quote Ken Liu’s words
A. To introduce the famous writer Ken Liu.
B. To show that in space we are just humanity.
C. To emphasize that culture is not important.
D. To introduce the things that obsess us very much.
3. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 6
A. Further confirm his opinion.
B. Add some background information.
C. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
4. What’s the main idea of the text
A. China takes the lead in space exploration.
B. Humans are not alone in the universe.
C. Space exploration is a common cause of mankind.
D. Humans desire to push the boundaries of scientific limits.
B
（2020山东日照实验高中高二检测）
Artemis is NASA’s new lunar exploration program. Through the Artemis program，NASA will use new technology to study the moon in new and better ways，and prepare for human missions to Mars.
NASAS new rocket will carry the Orion spacecraft to the lunar orbit. Then，astronauts will dock（对接）Orion at a small spaceship called the Gateway，from which the crew will take trips to the lunar surface in a new human landing system and then return to the Gateway. The crew will return to Earth aboard Orion.
NASA Will test the rocket and the spacecraft in flight，and then send a crew for a test flight.
Artemis 1 will be a test flight of the SLS rocket with the Orion spacecraft with no crew.
Artemis 2 will fly SLS and Orion with a crew past the Moon，then circle it and return to Earth. This trip will be the farthest of the trips where any human has gone into space.
Artemis 3 will send a crew with the first woman and the next man to land on the moon by2024.
The Artemis 3 crew will visit the Moon’s South Pole. No one has ever been there. On the moon astronauts will:
Search for the moons water and use it.
Learn how to live and work on the surface of another celestial body（天体）where astronauts are just three days from home.
Test the technologies we need before sending astronauts on missions to mars which can take up to three years round trip.
The Moon is a good place to learn new science Nasa will learn more about the moon. Earth and even the sun The moon is a “test bed” for Mars. The Moon is a place to show that astronauts will one day be able to work away from Earth on Mars for long periods of time.
5. What is the aim of the Artemis program
A. To help astronauts return to Earth.
B. To be ready for the landing on Mars.
C. To study Mars using new science.
D. To test the Moon landing spacecraft, Orion.
6. Which will be the achievement of the Artemis series.
A Going to the moon’s South pole.
B. Making the first trip into space.
C. Sending the first man to the moon.
D. Flying to the Moon with four persons.
7. What will Artemis astronauts do on the moon
A. Send astronauts to mars.
B. Run a three-year-long test.
C. Find and make use of water.
D. Learn to live not far from home.
8. What can we conclude from the text
A. It is possible to live on another planet now.
B. The crew will reach the lunar surface from Orion.
C. NASA has sent the first woman astronaut to the Moon.
D. The Artemis program is of great help in Mars exploring.
II. 七选五
(2020浙江诸暨中学高二检测)
When thinking about placing a human being in space. one of the most important questions is how to design special clothing needed to protect the person from the dangers of the space environment. 1 The fierce heat of the sun can cause severe burns. The lack of the atmosphere can cause gases in the body to expand and even burst. With no oxygen to breathe，a human being will die in only a few moments. 2 So is damage from small pieces of rocks and objects like meteoroids（流星体）. In1933，an American flyer，Wiley Post，designed one of the first successful devices to protect a pilot at extreme heights. 3 Astronauts in the American space agency flew the first American space flights in the early 1960s. The clothing was similar to that invented by Wiley Post.
4 It lets them move do useful tasks and stay outside their spacecraft in comfort and safety for several hours. The spacesuit is called the shuttle extravehicular mobility unit or EMU. It was designed to endure longer and to permit more movement than earlier spacesuits. The EMU has a number of parts that an astronaut can link together by using only one hand which makes it possible for each astronaut to select the parts that fit correctly. Nowadays, NASA scientists are also considering the kind of spacesuit that would be needed for exploration on the planet Mars. 5 The equipment may also have to protect astronauts from particles carried in the wind on mars And, they must be easy to repair and keep clean during a longer fli ght to and from the red planet.
A. Radiation from the sun is another risk in space.
B. The cold of space will freeze skin in a short time.
C. Today, astronauts wear very different protective clothing.
D. Special spacesuits have been used for exploration of Mars.
E. EMU has many parts that can be linked together by using two hands.
F. It was a large device that looked like a can surrounded the pilots head.
G. Because of the gravity on Mars, spacesuits may have to be designed to be lighter than suits used in orbit or on the moon.
1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______
参考答案：
I. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述太空探索是人类共同的事业，这里没有政治、国家的边界，只有人类这概念。
1. C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句中 scientists from the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment CHIME）detected repeated radio signals from a galaxy 1. 5 billion light years away，possibly sent by intelligent aliens.来自加拿大氢强度测绘实验（CHME）的科学家检测到来自15亿光年外星系的重复无线电信号，可能是由有智慧的外星人发出的。由此可见，科学家们发现了来自遥远星系的重复无线电信号。故选C。
2. B 推理判断题。根据文章第五段可知，美籍华裔科幻作家兼翻译家刘肯（Ken liu）说：“当你进入太空时，你会成为这个被称为人类的集体的一部分，你不再是中国人、美国人俄罗斯人……你的文化被抛在了脑后。你现在只是’人类’的一个大写字母H’。”由此可见，作者引用 Ken liu的话是为了证明在太空中我们只是人类。故选B。
3. A 推理判断题。根据文章第六段中 And with the discovery of the Chime astronomers we re one step closer to answering a common question in science："Are humans alone in the universe？”可知，随着CHME天文学家的发现，我们离回答科学中的一个常见问题又近了一步：宇宙中只有人类吗？进步证实了作者的观点。故选A。
4. C 主旨大意题。根据这篇文章大意可知，本文主要讲述太空探索是人类共同的事业，这里没有政治、国家的边界，只有人类这一概念。故选C。
B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了NASA新的月球探索计划 Artemis。通过 Artemis计划，美国将用新技术以更好的方式研究月球，并为前往火星做准备。
5. B 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，Artemis是NASA新的月球探索计划。通过 Artemis计划，NASA将使用新技术以新的和更好的方式研究月球，并为人类前往火星的任务做准备，故选B。
6. A 细节理解题。根据文中的 The Artemis3 crew will visit the moon’s South pole可知选A。
7. C 细节理解题。根据文中的 Search for the moon’s water and use it可知选C。
8. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，月球是学习新科学的好地方。NASA将更多地了解月球、地球，甚至太阳。月球是火星的“试验台”。月球是一个表明宇航员有朝一日能够远离地球在火星上工作很长一段时间的地方。由此可推断出 Artemis计划对火星探索有很大帮助。故选D。
Ⅱ.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。当考虑把一个人放到太空时，最重要的问题之一是如何设计特殊的服装来保护这个人免受太空环境的危害。
1. B 第一段主要讲述了太空环境的危险因素，如空后讲的酷热、缺氧等。根据段意，B项符合语境，寒冷会在短时间内冻住皮肤，这是太空环境的一项危险因素。
2. A 该空仍旧是列举太空环境的危险因素，结合下一句信息So is damage from small pieces of rocks and objects like meteoroids（流星体）. 可知A项符合语境。
3. F 根据上一句的信息词 devices，并结合F项中的代词It和device等信息，可以判断F项符合语境。
4. C 该空是该段的主题句。由后文可知，该段介绍的是有关太空防护服的事情。因此C项符合语境。
5. G 根据该空前一句的信息词 the kind of spacesuit以及后一句的意思可知，此空也应该表示一项防护措施，因此G项符合语境。
能力提升练
I. 阅读理解
(2020山东潍坊一中高二检测)
We humans are a curious species. as NASA says on its website, Humans are driven to explore the unknown, discover new worlds, push the boundaries of our scientific and technical limits, and then push further.
And space exploration is where we’ve been “pushing” our furthest curiosity.
2019 began with two pieces of exciting space exploration news. On Jan. 3. China landed a spacecraft, Chang’e 4, on the moons far side-the side we can’t see from earth--for the first time in human history. and according to a report published on Jan. 9 in Nature. scientists from the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) detected repeated radio signals from a galaxy 1. 5 billion light years away, possibly sent by intelligent aliens.
However, what’s even more exciting than the news is the fact that whenever speaking of space exploration, we forget our political and cultural differences-the things that so obsess us.
“When you go into space, you become part of this overall collective called ‘humanity’,” Ken Liu a Chinese-American sci-fi writer and translator told a website. “You’re no longer Chinese. American Russian… Your culture is left behind. You’re now just ‘humanity’ with a capital ‘H’. ”
This magic has worked all the way along our journey into space. When the Us astronaut Neil Armstrong (1930--2012) became the first human to set foot on the moon in 1969, for example, he told the world: That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. Now, with Chang’e 4 touching down on new moon territory China’s aim is to help scientists from around the world find out more about Earth’s only satellite. And with the discovery of the CHIME astronomers, were one step closer to answering a common question in science: “Are humans alone in the universe ” It’s true that we are a curious species. But instead of being curious about the “unknown”, perhaps we’re really more eager to “push further” our own human" “boundaries” and “limits”.
1. Which of the following is the discovery of the CHIME Scientists
A. A galaxy with intelligent aliens.
B. Repeated radio signals sent by intelligent aliens.
C. Repeated radio signals from a distant galaxy.
D. Radio signals from a galaxy several light years ago.
2. Why does the author quote Ken Liu’s words
A. To introduce the famous writer Ken Liu.
B. To show that in space we are just humanity.
C. To emphasize that culture is not important.
D. To introduce the things that obsess us very much.
3. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 6
A. Further confirm his opinion.
B. Add some background information.
C. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
4. What’s the main idea of the text
A. China takes the lead in space exploration.
B. Humans are not alone in the universe.
C. Space exploration is a common cause of mankind.
D. Humans desire to push the boundaries of scientific limits.
B
（2020山东日照实验高中高二检测）
Artemis is NASA’s new lunar exploration program. Through the Artemis program，NASA will use new technology to study the moon in new and better ways，and prepare for human missions to Mars.
NASAS new rocket will carry the Orion spacecraft to the lunar orbit. Then，astronauts will dock（对接）Orion at a small spaceship called the Gateway，from which the crew will take trips to the lunar surface in a new human landing system and then return to the Gateway. The crew will return to Earth aboard Orion.
NASA Will test the rocket and the spacecraft in flight，and then send a crew for a test flight.
Artemis 1 will be a test flight of the SLS rocket with the Orion spacecraft with no crew.
Artemis 2 will fly SLS and Orion with a crew past the Moon，then circle it and return to Earth. This trip will be the farthest of the trips where any human has gone into space.
Artemis 3 will send a crew with the first woman and the next man to land on the moon by2024.
The Artemis 3 crew will visit the Moon’s South Pole. No one has ever been there. On the moon astronauts will:
Search for the moons water and use it.
Learn how to live and work on the surface of another celestial body（天体）where astronauts are just three days from home.
Test the technologies we need before sending astronauts on missions to mars which can take up to three years round trip.
The Moon is a good place to learn new science Nasa will learn more about the moon. Earth and even the sun The moon is a “test bed” for Mars. The Moon is a place to show that astronauts will one day be able to work away from Earth on Mars for long periods of time.
5. What is the aim of the Artemis program
A. To help astronauts return to Earth.
B. To be ready for the landing on Mars.
C. To study Mars using new science.
D. To test the Moon landing spacecraft, Orion.
6. Which will be the achievement of the Artemis series.
A Going to the moon’s South pole.
B. Making the first trip into space.
C. Sending the first man to the moon.
D. Flying to the Moon with four persons.
7. What will Artemis astronauts do on the moon
A. Send astronauts to mars.
B. Run a three-year-long test.
C. Find and make use of water.
D. Learn to live not far from home.
8. What can we conclude from the text
A. It is possible to live on another planet now.
B. The crew will reach the lunar surface from Orion.
C. NASA has sent the first woman astronaut to the Moon.
D. The Artemis program is of great help in Mars exploring.
II. 七选五
(2020浙江诸暨中学高二检测)
When thinking about placing a human being in space. one of the most important questions is how to design special clothing needed to protect the person from the dangers of the space environment. 1 The fierce heat of the sun can cause severe burns. The lack of the atmosphere can cause gases in the body to expand and even burst. With no oxygen to breathe，a human being will die in only a few moments. 2 So is damage from small pieces of rocks and objects like meteoroids（流星体）. In1933，an American flyer，Wiley Post，designed one of the first successful devices to protect a pilot at extreme heights. 3 Astronauts in the American space agency flew the first American space flights in the early 1960s. The clothing was similar to that invented by Wiley Post.
4 It lets them move do useful tasks and stay outside their spacecraft in comfort and safety for several hours. The spacesuit is called the shuttle extravehicular mobility unit or EMU. It was designed to endure longer and to permit more movement than earlier spacesuits. The EMU has a number of parts that an astronaut can link together by using only one hand which makes it possible for each astronaut to select the parts that fit correctly. Nowadays, NASA scientists are also considering the kind of spacesuit that would be needed for exploration on the planet Mars. 5 The equipment may also have to protect astronauts from particles carried in the wind on mars And, they must be easy to repair and keep clean during a longer fli ght to and from the red planet.
A. Radiation from the sun is another risk in space.
B. The cold of space will freeze skin in a short time.
C. Today, astronauts wear very different protective clothing.
D. Special spacesuits have been used for exploration of Mars.
E. EMU has many parts that can be linked together by using two hands.
F. It was a large device that looked like a can surrounded the pilots head.
G. Because of the gravity on Mars, spacesuits may have to be designed to be lighter than suits used in orbit or on the moon.
1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______
参考答案：
I. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述太空探索是人类共同的事业，这里没有政治、国家的边界，只有人类这概念。
1. C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句中 scientists from the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment CHIME）detected repeated radio signals from a galaxy 1. 5 billion light years away，possibly sent by intelligent aliens.来自加拿大氢强度测绘实验（CHME）的科学家检测到来自15亿光年外星系的重复无线电信号，可能是由有智慧的外星人发出的。由此可见，科学家们发现了来自遥远星系的重复无线电信号。故选C。
2. B 推理判断题。根据文章第五段可知，美籍华裔科幻作家兼翻译家刘肯（Ken liu）说：“当你进入太空时，你会成为这个被称为人类的集体的一部分，你不再是中国人、美国人俄罗斯人……你的文化被抛在了脑后。你现在只是’人类’的一个大写字母H’。”由此可见，作者引用 Ken liu的话是为了证明在太空中我们只是人类。故选B。
3. A 推理判断题。根据文章第六段中 And with the discovery of the Chime astronomers we re one step closer to answering a common question in science："Are humans alone in the universe？”可知，随着CHME天文学家的发现，我们离回答科学中的一个常见问题又近了一步：宇宙中只有人类吗？进步证实了作者的观点。故选A。
4. C 主旨大意题。根据这篇文章大意可知，本文主要讲述太空探索是人类共同的事业，这里没有政治、国家的边界，只有人类这一概念。故选C。
B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了NASA新的月球探索计划 Artemis。通过 Artemis计划，美国将用新技术以更好的方式研究月球，并为前往火星做准备。
5. B 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，Artemis是NASA新的月球探索计划。通过 Artemis计划，NASA将使用新技术以新的和更好的方式研究月球，并为人类前往火星的任务做准备，故选B。
6. A 细节理解题。根据文中的 The Artemis3 crew will visit the moon’s South pole可知选A。
7. C 细节理解题。根据文中的 Search for the moon’s water and use it可知选C。
8. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，月球是学习新科学的好地方。NASA将更多地了解月球、地球，甚至太阳。月球是火星的“试验台”。月球是一个表明宇航员有朝一日能够远离地球在火星上工作很长一段时间的地方。由此可推断出 Artemis计划对火星探索有很大帮助。故选D。
Ⅱ.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。当考虑把一个人放到太空时，最重要的问题之一是如何设计特殊的服装来保护这个人免受太空环境的危害。
1. B 第一段主要讲述了太空环境的危险因素，如空后讲的酷热、缺氧等。根据段意，B项符合语境，寒冷会在短时间内冻住皮肤，这是太空环境的一项危险因素。
2. A 该空仍旧是列举太空环境的危险因素，结合下一句信息So is damage from small pieces of rocks and objects like meteoroids（流星体）. 可知A项符合语境。
3. F 根据上一句的信息词 devices，并结合F项中的代词It和device等信息，可以判断F项符合语境。
4. C 该空是该段的主题句。由后文可知，该段介绍的是有关太空防护服的事情。因此C项符合语境。
5. G 根据该空前一句的信息词 the kind of spacesuit以及后一句的意思可知，此空也应该表示一项防护措施，因此G项符合语境。