北师大版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 5 Humans and nature Lesson 2 Professional Rescue Team单元考点突破一学案（含答案）

名师原创：Unit5 单元考点突破（一）
●词汇精讲
1. result n. 结果，成果，成绩；vi. 发生，导致
【原句再现】
As a result, nature got hurt, felt pain, and finally turned its back on us. (教材P29)
【词块积累】
the football results 足球比赛结果
get good results 取得好成绩
as a result 因此
as a result (of) 作为…的结果
result from 由…引起/发生/产生
result in 造成，导致=lead to = bring about
【精品例句】
If you believe in yourself and work hard, you can achieve great results.
如果你相信自己并付出努力，你就会得到好结果
This book is the result of 25 years of research.
这本书是25年的研究成果
Alice overslept this morning. As a result, she was late for work.
爱丽丝今早上睡过了，结果上班迟到了
About 21million people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking.
二十世纪九十年代，大约有2100万人死于吸烟
Pollution and other serious problems have resulted from human progress.
人类的发展引起了污染和其它严重问题
I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster.
我认识到，叫嚣和威胁惩罚会导致祸端
【高考链接】
Jenny nearly missed the flight _____ doing too much shopping. (全国卷)
A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of (A)
【考点训练】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
My friend Martin was very sick with a stranger fever, ____, he could neither eat nor sleep.
A. as a result B. after all C. anyway D. otherwise
2. shock n.(爆炸、地震等引起的)剧烈震动; 冲击; 电击; 触电; 震惊; 打击; 令人震惊的事; 休克; vt.使震惊; 使气愤
【原句再现】
The two students were shocked at the lecture on nature. (教材P29)
【词块积累】
shocked adj. 震惊的;愤慨的
shocking adj.令人震惊的; 令人憎恶的
a shocked look/expression惊讶的样子/表情
shocking news令人震惊的消息
culture shock文化冲击
the shock wave 冲击波
【精品例句】
She was in (a state of) shock for about two weeks after the accident.
出事后差不多两个星期里，她都处于惊魂未定的状态
Mom hasn't gotten over the shock of Dad’s death
妈妈还没有从爸爸去世的打击中恢复过来
It came as a shock to hear that the factory would have to close.
听说工厂要关闭，人们感到很震惊
She was taken to hospital suffering from shock.
她因休克被送往医院
The news of Scott's death shocked the world.
斯科特的死讯让整个世界为之震惊
He seems to enjoy shocking people.
他好像以冒犯他人为乐
【高考链接】
They were deeply _____ (shock) at/ by her behavior. (山东卷) (shocked)
It’s ____ (shock) shocking that he refused to help his twin brother. （陕西卷）(shocking)
【考点训练】
翻译句子
地震引起的震动在数英里之外都能感觉得到
(The shock of the earthquake was felt miles away.)
别碰那根线，否则你会触电的
(Don 't touch that wire or you'll get a shock.)
3. command n. 指令；命令；控制；vt. 命令；控制
【原句再现】
We cannot command nature except by obeying her. (教材P14)
【词块积累】
acknowledge (doing/having done) sth. 承认 (做了) 某事
under the command of…＝under one's command由……指挥，由……控制
be in command of …. 控制……
take command of….控制……
have a command of...了解/掌握……
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command＋that从句，谓语动词使用“(should＋)动词原形”形式
【精品例句】
At present, the police are in command of the situation here.
目前，警察控制了这里的形势。
Actually, he has 1，000 men under his command
实际上，1 000人在他的指挥之下。
I advised him to command his temper．
我劝他控制自己的脾气。
He commanded us to stop.
他命令我们停下来。
The general issued a command that all of them should come at six o'clock.
将军发布了一道命令， 所有的人都要在六点钟到。
【高考链接】
He commanded that all the gates_______ (shut). (湖北卷)【(should) be shut】
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The captain commanded his men ______ (pack) up and march on. (to pack)
4. adapt vt&vi. 使适应，使适合；改编，改写
【原句再现】
You are going to read a text adapted from the short story “A Descent into the Maelstrom”. (教材P30)
【词块积累】
adaptation n. 适应；改编，改编的作品
adapt sth. from sth.根据……改编……
be adapted from ….由…改编而来
adapt to…适合，适应
adapt oneself to sth./doing sth.…. 使自己适应
adapt...to... 使……适应……
adapt...for/into... 将……改编为……
adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的
【精品例句】
I had difficulty adapting myself to life in the city.
我难以适应城市生活
All animals have to adapt to their environment.
所有动物必须适应环境
This new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane Austen.
这部新电影是根据简.奥斯汀的一部小说改编的
Three of the novels have been adapted for television.
他有三部小说已被改编成了电视剧
【高考链接】
The good thing about children is that they____ very easily to new environment.（浙江卷）
A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He can’t adapt himself to ______ (do) this kind of work. (doing)
5. effect n. 结果; 效力; 作用; 影响
【原句再现】
What effect die the terrible experience have on the storyteller (教材P30)
【词块积累】
effective adj.有效的;生效的
effectively adv有效地
efficiency 效率;效能
efficient adj. 高效能的；高效率的
an efficient secretary 高效率的秘书
fuel-efficient cars/energy-efficient light bulbs 节能汽车/节能灯泡
greenhouse effect温室效应
bring / put.. into effect实施;实行
in effect 在实施中;有效
take effective measures / steps 采取有效措施
take effect, 相当于come into effect 生效; 起作用
【精品例句】
Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.
全球变暖正在对世界上数百种动植物物种产生重大影响
Some laws from the eighteenth century are still in effect.
一些18世纪的法律至今仍然有效
These measures are just beginning to take effect.
这些措施刚开始见效
【高考链接】
With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seen as a(n) _____ way of reaching target customers. (福建卷)
temporary B. complex C. accurate D. efficient (D)
The more I understood fish, the more I became ______________ (effect) at finding and catching them. (广东卷) (effective)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
If you can find whatever learning method suits you, your learning _______ (effective) is likely to improve greatly. (efficiency)
It is uncertain what side ______ (effectively) the medicine will bring about. (effect)
6. experience n. 经验;实践; 经历; 阅历; vt. 体验(到);感受(到); 经历; 遭受
【原句再现】
What effect die the terrible experience have on the storyteller (教材P30)
【词块积累】
experience failure/success 经历失败/成功
experienced adj. 有经验的，经验丰富的
be experienced in sth./doing sth. 在某事/做某事上有经验
【精品例句】
I've got a lot of experience in teaching English.
有丰富的英语教学经验
From my personal experience, I know the traffic in Beijing is terrible.
根据我个人的经历，北京的交通状况很糟糕
Breaking my leg was a very bad experience.
腿骨折对我来说是一次糟糕的经历
I had many wonderful experiences, but I also had a sad one.
我有很多美好的经历，但也有一次糟糕的
Welcome you to come here to experience our Chinese traditional culture.
欢迎来这里体验我们中国的传统文化
Children need to experience things for themselves in order to learn from them.
儿童需要亲身经历事情以便从中学习
New companies often experience a loss in their first few years.
新公司在它们的最初几年中往往会遭受亏损
【高考链接】
If you come to visit China, you will a culture of amazing depth and variety. (安徽卷)
A. develop B. create C. substitute D. experience (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Jumping out of ______ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _____exciting experience.
(an; an)
7. risk doing...　冒险做……
【原句再现】
One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going and got more fish than others. (教材P30)
【词块积累】
risk one's health/life 以健康做赌注/冒着生命危险
at risk处在危险中
at the risk of (doing)... 可能导致(不快等)，冒(做)……的危险
at all risks 无论如何
run/take a risk/risks 冒险
run/take the risk of(doing)...冒(做)……的危险
【精品例句】
The crisis could well place the relationship at risk.
这场危机可能会使这一关系有破裂的危险。
If they have the virus they are putting patients at risk.
如果他们有这种病毒，就会将病人置于危险境地。
When a new flu infects one human being, all are at risk.
当一种新型流感感染了一个人，那么所有人都有危险。
【高考链接】
He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk _______ (lose) such a good chance. (湖南卷) (losing)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Which team is more willing to take ______ (risk) (risks)
He was determined to do it even at the risk of ________ (laugh) at. (being laughed)
8. frightened adj. 受惊的，害怕的
【原句再现】
The moment I heard the word I became very frightened. (教材P31)
【词块积累】
frightening adj.令人恐惧的；骇人的
frighten vt.使害怕（用法及意义与scare相同，scare 常用于口语中）
be frightened of sth./doing sth...害怕……
be frightened to do sth. 不敢做某事
be frightened to death 被吓得要死
frighten sb. to death 把某人吓得要死 = frighten the life out of sb.
frighten away/off 吓走
fright n.惊恐
【精品例句】
The little girl was frightened of the fierce dog.
小女孩儿很怕这只凶猛的狗
Spiders frighten her to death.
蜘蛛把她吓得要死
The dog frightened the thief away/off.
狗把小偷吓跑了
【高考链接】
Don’t be ____ (frighten). We are not going to hurt you.（陕西卷）(frightened)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
These girls are ________ (frighten) of walking home at midnight. (frightened)
The ______ (frighten) movie frightened those boys. (frightening)
9. mean (meant,meant) vt ① (不用于进行时)表示…的意思，意思是，意味着(后面常接动名词)；②意欲，打算 (后面常接动词不定式)；adj. 卑鄙的，刻薄的
【原句再现】
I knew what he meant by that one word well enough. (教材P31)
【词块积累】
mean (sb. / sth.) doing sth. 意味着….
mean sth. to sb. 对某人来说意味着…
mean (sb. /sth.) to do sth.
be meant to be被普遍认为是:
I mean (用于解释或更正刚说过的话) 我 (的意 思) 是说….
meaning n. 意思；含义；意义；重要性
meaningful adj. 有意义的
meaningless adj.无意义的
the meaning of life生活的意义
【精品例句】
The flashing red light means there is a paper jam.
红灯闪烁表示卡纸了
If you nod your head, you usually mean yes.
如果你点头，通常表示你同意
I want to buy her something really special, if you know what I mean.
我想给她买个真正特别的东西，你明白我的意思吧
Spending too much now will mean a shortage of cash next year.
现在花费太多会导致明年现金短缺
Having a well-paid job does not mean giving up your interests.
拥有高薪的工作并不意味着要放弃你的爱好
The injury could mean him missing next week game.
这次受伤可能使他无法参加下周的比赛。
Her children mean the world to her.
孩子就是她的一切
Your friendship means a great deal to me.
你的友谊对我来说很珍贵
I didn't mean any harm. I was trying to drive a rat out.
我并没有恶意, 我只是想把老鼠赶出去
What did she mean by leaving so early
她为什么这么早就走了
The chair was clearly meant for a child.
这椅子显然是专门为儿童预备的
This is the last time I'm waiting for you. I mean it.
这是我最后一次等你。我说到做到!
I’ve been meaning to ask you if you want to come for a meal next week.
我一直想要问你，下个星期你来不来吃顿饭？
Festivals are meant to celebrate important times of year.
节目旨在庆 税一年中的重要日子
I didn’t mean you to read the letter.
我没打算让你读这封信
The restaurant is meant to be excellent.
大家都说这家饭店很棒
He has always been mean with his money.
他向来花钱小气
It is mean to speak ill of others.
说别人坏话是卑鄙的行为
This word has many meanings.
这个单词有多种意思
Life itself is meaningless unless you have a faith.
生活本身毫无意义，除非你有信仰
【高考链接】
-- Why haven’t you bought any butter (湖南卷)
-- I _____ to but I forgot about it.
liked B. wished C. meant D. expected (C)
Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more. (浙江卷) (giving)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Reading means ________ (take) in the information, digesting it and incorporating it into oneself. (taking)
If you think that treating a woman well means always ______ (get) her permission for things, think again. (getting)
10. edge n．边，边界，利刃，刀口；边缘；优势；怒气，厌烦
【原句再现】
We went round and round, nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool. (教材P31)
【词块积累】
on edge 　紧张不安的，烦躁的
at the edge of 靠近……的边缘
on the edge of 在……边缘上，快要发生(尤指不好的事)
on the edge of one's seat 极为激动
have/gain an edge on/over ….比…占优势；胜过
【精品例句】
The sun is pushing its way over the edge of the world.
太阳在天边缓缓升起。
I can’t beat you at tennis, but I have/gain an edge on/over you in ping-pang.
打网球我不如你，但打乒乓球比你强。
We stood at the water's edge and looked at the beautiful lake.
我们站在水边眺望美丽的湖泊。
Training can give you the edge over your competitors.
培训可以使你比你的竞争者更有优势。
She lived on the extreme edge of the forest．
她住在森林的最边缘。
【高考链接】
Although the old man was ___ the edge of death，he still fought with the disease bravely.
(湖北课改卷）(on)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She was a bit ____ edge till she heard he was safe. (on)
I could hear birds whistling at/on the edge of the woods. (at/on)
11. observation n. 观察; 观测
【原句再现】
I then made three important observations. (教材P31)
【词块积累】
observatory n.天文台;观象台;气象台
observer n.观察者;观察员
observe vt &vi. 察觉到; 注意到; 观察; 观测；遵守/奉行(法律、习俗等); 庆祝(节日)
observe the law遵守法律
observe the local customs遵循当地习俗
observe ... doing sth. 注意/观察到某人在某事
observe ... do sth. 注意/观察到某人做了某事
observe + that从句 据观察…
observe + wh-从句 观察…
【精品例句】
In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observe d a surprising behaviour:在猫和狗和平共处的家庭中，研究者们观察到一个奇怪的行为
The police officer observed him driving at l00 miles per hour.
警察发现他以100英里的时速驾车行驶
One student performs the experiment, while his partner observes.
一个学生做实验，他的同伴则观察。
The teacher required the students to observe how the people in the group interacted.
老师让学生们观察这个组内的人是如何交流互动的
Do you observe Christmas in your country
你们国家庆祝圣诞节吗
【高考链接】
______carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.(北京卷)
Observe B. To observe C. Observed D. Observing (A)
Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still the traditional customs. (湖北卷)
A. perform B. possess C. observe D. support (C)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The police observed the man ______ (enter) the bank. (enter/entering)
It was ______ (observe) that successful people spent a lot more time reading than they did watching. (observed)
12. equal adj. 相同的;同样的;相等的; 平等的; vi& vt等于; 比得上; n.同等的人/物
【原句再现】
…the second, between two subjects of equal extent, round objects fell down more rapidly… (教材P31)
【词块积累】
equal in size/length/height = of equal size/length/height 同等大小/ 长度/高度
be equal to …与…相等/平等; 与...同样出色; 比得上; 能胜任
equality between the sexes 男女平等
equally adv. 相等地; 同样地; 平等地
equality n. 相等; 平等
racial equality 种族平等
on equal terms 相同条件地
【精品例句】
They believe that all work is of equal value.
他们认为所有工作都具有同等价值
All human beings are equal.
人人平等
The rent was equal to half his monthly income.
这租金相当于他半个月的收入
The architecture here is equal to any in the world.
这里的建筑堪与世界上任何同类建筑相媲美
He is equal to anything.
他无所不能
Three times three equals nine.
3乘3等于9
No one equals him in strength.
论力气, 谁也比不上他
Let x be the equal of y.
设x等于y
When it comes to the art of war ants have no equal.
在战术方面谁也比不上蚂蚁
People are born equal and should be treated equally.
人生来平等， 应该同等对待
【高考链接】
Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be ______ (equal) respected. (福建课改卷) (equally)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
These workers are equal to ______ (do) this kind of work. (doing)
13. escape vt&vi. 逃走，逃跑，逃脱；（液体，气体等）泄漏； n. 逃跑，逃脱
【原句再现】
Without waiting, I jumped into the sea to try and escape. (教材P31)
【词块积累】
escape from…
escape sb’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意/被某人忽视
make one’s escape 逃走
escape doing sth. 逃脱…
a fire escape 安全门
【精品例句】
The hunter tried to escape from the forest, but he lost his way.
猎人试图逃出森林，但是他迷路了
A boy escaped unhurt when the five in his room exploded
房间里发生爆炸时男孩逃了出来，没有受伤
He narrowly escaped death in an earthquake.
他在一次地震中死里逃生
You are lucky to escape being punished.
你真走运，逃脱了惩罚
A small hole allowed smoke to escape from the top.
一个小孔能让烟从顶部冒出来
He had a narrow escape.
他九死一生
【高考链接】
This bear didn’t escape _______ (kill) by a cruel hunter. (山东卷) (being killed)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
They escaped _____ prison at last. (from)
14. decision n. 决定；决心
【原句再现】
As you can see, the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. (教材P31)
【词块积累】
decide vt&vi. 决定，决心
decide on/upon… 决定；选定
decide (wh-) to do 决定….
decide to do sth. 决定做…
decide + that＋从句 决定做……
decide + wh- 从句 决定做…
decide against sth./doing sth. 决定不做某事
make/take a decision 做出决定
come to/arrive at/reach a decision 做出决定
decisive adj. 决定性的；关键性的；果断的
【精品例句】
It’s difficult to decide between the two.
两者之间难易取舍
It’s the people who decide the fate of mankind.
决定人类命运的还是人类自身
We decided against going on a holiday abroad for lack of money.
因为缺钱，我们决定不去国外度假了
I can’t decide which to choose
我不能决定选哪一个
The last game will decide who is to be the champion.
最后一局将决定谁是冠军
After leaving university，Therese decided on a career in publishing.
大学毕业后，特蕾泽决定从事出版行业。
We're still trying to decide on a venue.
我们仍然尽力选定一个会场。
I am already an adult，so I should decide on my own life.
我已经是个成年人了，我应该决定自己的生活。
【高考链接】
They have chewed the problem over for hours and hope to reach a ______ (decide) soon.
(福建卷) (decision)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Choosing your future career is an extremely important ______ (decide). (decision)
Now that you decide _______ (go)，you'd better go at once. (to go)
15. recognise/ recognize vt. (不用于进行时) 认出; 辨认出; 承认; 认识到
【原句再现】
The fishermen were my old friends, but they were unable to recognize me. (教材P31)
【词块积累】
recognition n. 认出；认识
beyond (all) recognition 认不出来
be recognized to be/as...　被认为是……
It is recognized that... 人们公认……
温馨提示：表示“认为，把……看作”的词组还有：
regard...as/to be...
consider...as/to be...
think of...as...
look on/upon…as…
take…as…
【精品例句】
The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping with out being recognized.这位影星戴着太阳镜,这样他就可以去购物而不被认出来
The British recognized America as an independent state.
英国承认美国为一个独立的国家
I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize what silly mistakes I had made.
我对她的话感到惊讶, 那些话让我意识到自己犯了多么愚蠢的错误
The town has changed beyond all recognition since I was last here.
自从我上次离开这里，这座小城已变得让人认不出来了
It was recognized that the meeting shouldn’t be held.
大家都承认这次会议不该召开
Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.
巴赫于1750年去世，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被充分地认可
It is recognized that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems.
人们一致认为环境污染已经成了最严重的问题之一
He recognized that he had made mistakes.
他承认自己犯了错误
【高考链接】
I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ____. (安徽卷)
A. hearing B. strength C. recognition D. measure (C)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
There is general ____ that the study techniques of many students are weak. (recognition)
●本单元重要词组
16. all at once 突然间；刹那
All at once, the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm. (教材P30)
All at once, his name came into my mind.
17. be covered with…. 被….覆盖；覆盖着….
All at once, the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm. (教材P30)
The garden is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.
18. pick up 接载；搭载
In the end, a boat picked me up. (教材P31)
The survivors were picked up by fishing boats from a nearby village.
●句型点拨
1. as if引导方式状语从句
【原句再现】
I felt sick, as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. (教材P31)
句式分析：句中as if相当于as though，是从属连词，意为“似乎，仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句。
【能力拓展】
as if也可用在seem，smell，sound，taste等系动词后引导表语从句。
※当as if/though从句表示的情况是事实或可能发生的真实情况时，从句用陈述语气。
※当as if/though从句表示的情况与事实相反或不可能发生时，从句用虚拟语气。
①从句表示的情况与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)。
②从句表示的情况与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
③从句表示的情况与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
【精品例句】
Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going to leave．
快点！火车好像要开了。
He behaved as if nothing had happened.
他表现得若无其事。
The teacher treats her students very well，as if they were her own children.
这位老师对她的学生非常好，就好像他们是她自己的孩子。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
【高考链接】
It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ______ (do) it
(陕西卷) (had done)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She walked here and there on the playground as ______ she was looking for something. (if/though)
He talks about Rome as if he _______ (be) there before. (had been)
2. as 引导非限制性定语从句
【原句再现】
As you can see, the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. (教材P31)
句式分析：句中as we know 是关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容，作know的宾语。
【能力拓展】
※ as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句的内容，置于主句的前、中、后均可，意为“正如……”。
※ as在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，通常可用it作形式主语，后接that引导的主语从句或用what引导的主语从句来转换。
※ 引导限制性定语从句。这时，其先行词的前面通常有such，the same 修饰，构成the same...as，such...as结构。
【精品例句】
Einstein，as is well known，is a famous scientist.
＝It is well known that Einstein is a famous scientist.
＝What is well known is that Einstein is a famous scientist.
众所周知，爱因斯坦是位著名的科学家。
As you can imagine，running out of memory is a bad thing.
正如您可以想象的，内存耗尽是一件很糟糕的事情。
As you know，if you do the same thing over and over again，you begin to do it automatically.
正如你所知道的，如果你反复做同一件事，你就会不自觉地做它。
As is known to all，China is a country with the largest population in the world.
众所周知，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。
【高考链接】
He borrowed the same book _____ the one I am reading. (陕西卷) (as)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
This man，______ you know，is good for nothing. (as)
●定语从句几种特殊 情况（详见语法课件）
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