(共46张PPT)
Unit 3 Language in use
Module 3 Life now and then
外研·九年级下册
Learning objects
By the end of the class, you will be able to …
Summarize and consolidate the use of adjectives and adverbs.
2. Summarize and consolidate the use of comparative degree and superlative degree.
3. Organise a class debate.
Let’s chant
Tall, taller, who is taller
I am tall. You are taller. You are taller than me.
Thin, thinner, who is thinner
He is thin. She is thinner. She is thinner than him.
Can you find out the comparative words
Tall, taller, who is taller
I am tall. You are taller. You are taller than me.
Thin, thinner, who is thinner
He is thin. She is thinner. She is thinner than him.
Funny, funnier. Who is funnier
You are funny. They are funnier.
They are funnier than you.
Outgoing. More outgoing. Who is more outgoing
Lucy is outgoing. Lily is more outgoing.
Lily is more outgoing than Lucy.
Funny, funnier. Who is funnier
You are funny. They are funnier.
They are funnier than you.
Outgoing. More outgoing. Who is more outgoing
Lucy is outgoing. Lily is more outgoing.
Lily is more outgoing than Lucy.
Language practice
People are wealthier today, and they live longer
than they did in the past.
But people don’t take as much exercise as they
used to.
More people have cars, and they walk or use their bikes less.
We eat better and we live longer.
一、形容词和副词的句法功能
1. 形容词的句法功能
Lina has a healthy lifestyle.
位于名词前作定语
That question sounds stupid.
位于连系动词之后作表语
The good news made us happy.
作宾语补足语
注意：当形容词修饰复合不定代词 (something, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等)时，形容词要放在复合不定代词的后面。
2. 副词的句法功能
(1) 副词一般作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
(2) often, usually, always, sometimes, never等频度副词位于实义动词之前，be动词、助动词或情态动词之后。
二、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
1. 形容词和副词的比较级的常用句型结构
(1)“A＋be＋形容词比较级＋than＋B”或“A＋实义动词＋副词比较级＋than＋B” 意为“A比B更……” 。
This jacket is smaller than that one.
Tom runs faster than Jim.
(2)“A＋be＋the＋形容词比较级＋of the two … ”意为“A是两者中较……的”。
Mary is the thinner of the two.
(3)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“more and more＋形容词/副词原级（多音节词或部分双音节词）”意为“越来越……”。
It’s getting colder and colder in winter.
(4)“the＋比较级..., the＋比较级...”“越……，越……的”。
The stronger our country gets, the happier the people will be.
(5)“A＋be＋形容词比较级＋than any other＋可数名词单数”＝“A＋be＋形容词比较级＋than the other＋可数名词复数”，“A比其他任何……都……”，表示在同一范围内进行比较。
He is taller than any other boy in his class.
=He is taller than the other boys in his class.
(6)“A＋be＋形容词比较级＋than any＋可数名词单数”，意为“A比任何……都……”，表示不在同一范围内进行比较。
China is larger than any country in Africa.
(7)“Which/Who＋be＋形容词比较级， A or B ” 或 “Which/Who＋实义动词＋副词比较级， A or B ” 意为 “A和B，谁/哪一个更……？” 。
Which is bigger, the sun or the moon
拓展：as… as … 意为“与……一样……”，用于同级比较，其否定结构为not as/so … as…，意为“不如……那样……”。as/so和as中间用形容词或副词的原级。
Time is as important as money.
2. 形容词和副词的最高级的常用句型结构
(1)“主语＋be＋the＋形容词最高级＋in/of短语”意为“……是……中最……的”。
Tony is the youngest of the three boys.
(2)“主语＋实义动词(＋the)＋副词最高级＋in/of短语”意为“……是……中最……的”。
Lily studies most carefully in our class.
(3)“主语＋be＋one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数＋in/of短语”意为“……是……中最……的……之一”。
Tea is one of the most popular drinks in the world.
(4)“疑问词＋be＋the＋形容词最高级， A, B or C ”意为 “……是最……的，A、B还是C？”。 ……的”。
Who is the tallest, Li Ming, Wang Tao or Zhang Liang
(5)“疑问词＋助动词＋主语＋动词原形(＋the)＋副词最高级， A, B or C ”意为 “……最……，A、B还是C？。
Which do you like best, the pink one, the red one or the white one
(6)“主语＋be＋the＋序数词＋形容词最高级＋可数名词单数＋in…”意为“……在……中是第几……的……”。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
拓展：比较级表示最高级的含义
“形容词/副词比较级＋than any other＋可数名词单数”意为“比其他任何一个……都……”。
Jack sings songs more beautifully than any other student in our class.
Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in brackets.
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For many people, life is a lot (1) ______ (easy) today. Medicine and diet are improving, and people are getting (2) _________ (healthy) and living (3) _______ (long). But communication is changing (4) _______ (fast) of all.
easier
healthier
longer
fastest
Today, with the Internet, people can communicate (5) __________ (easily) than ever before with friends all over the world.
Not all the changes are (6) ______ (good) ones. More people drive cars instead of riding bikes, so they are not as (7) ____ (fit) as they were. Increasing traffic makes the roads (8) ____________ (crowded) than ever, and it also makes pollution (9) ______ (bad). We must all work harder to reduce pollution.
more easily
good
fit
more crowded
worse
Work in pairs. Look at the two pictures and talk about how the town has changed.
Use the words in the box to help you.
2
big building busy house modern more shop street tall traffic tree
1. The buildings are much taller, much more
beautiful and much newer.
The sample answers
2. There are more cars in the street today than it was 50 years ago.
3. The streets are much wider and cleaner.
4. The environment is much better.
5. People are much busier than before.
6. The life is much better than before.
7. There are more shops than before.
Complete the sentences with the words or expressions in the box.
3
heat more than seldom spare speak up
1. We ______ have time to go on holiday.
2. We do not have much _____ time because we
have important exams this year.
seldom
spare
heat more than seldom spare speak up
3. Never go out in the ____ of the day without a hat.
4. You have to ________ because the students in the
back cannot hear you.
5. Mr Smith is ___________ a teacher. Most of his
pupils think of him as their friend.
heat
speak up
more than
Read the email and find three examples that show life was harder in the past than it is today.
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FROM: Gran
To: Christine
SUBJECT: The lives of children in Victorian Britain
Dear Christine,
You asked me for help about your school project—the lives of children in Victorian Britain.
I was also interested. I searched online and found out the following.
In Victorian Britain, thousands of people came to the cities to work in the factories. Instead of the green, open countryside, people lived in very small houses, very close to each other, with no space for children to play. Families in those days were quite big. Often, there were four or five children in one family, and they all had to sleep in houses of just two rooms.
be interested in doing sth.
有兴趣做某事
好几千；成千上万
代替，而不是
near 接近， 靠近
发现；查明；弄清
Sometimes, a whole street had to share one outside toilet. Can you imagine that
Most of the big cities were dirty and unhealthy. The pollution from factories filled the air. People put their rubbish outside in the streets. As a result, there were many illnesses. And life was harder for children in those times. They didn’t always go to school, because they had to work instead. Many children started work in factories when they were only four or five years old.
共用一个室外的厕所
结果；因此
许多疾病
They worked twelve hours a day in dangerous jobs for very little money. Many were hurt in accidents with machines.
I hope this is helpful. Write to me if you need more information.
With love,
Gran
Read the email again. Find sentences that tell us:
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1. There was not enough living space for people.
2. Most of the big cities were dirty and unhealthy.
3. Life was harder for children in those times.
Write examples.
1. People lived in very small houses, very close to
each other, with no space for children to play.
2. The pollution from factories filled the air.
People put their rubbish outside in the streets.
As a result, there were many illnesses.
3. They didn’t always go to school, because they had
to work instead. Many children started work in
factories when they were only four or five years
old. They worked twelve hours a day in
dangerous jobs for very little money. Many were
hurt in accidents with machines.
Listen and complete the table.
6
Grandmother Mother
Age to start school
Age to start work
Age to get married
Number of children
Age to stop working
8
14
18
4
50
6
22
24
1
55
stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，指停止正在做的事。
stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”，指停止正在做的事，去
做另一件事。
Tapescript
My grandmother had eight brothers and sisters. She started school when she was eight years old and left when she was fourteen. She didn’t go to university. She started work after she left school. She worked very hard in a factory. She went to work at eight o’clock in the morning and finished at six o’clock in the evening.
She worked six or even seven days a week and had only a few holidays. She got married when she was eighteen and had a baby the following year. She had four children. She continued working until she was fifty years old.
My mother started school when she was six years old. At eighteen, she went to university. She started work when she was twenty-two. She works as a teacher.
She works five days a week and has a long holiday in summer and winter. She got married when she was twenty-four and had a baby the next year. She only has one child —me! My mother will continue to work until she’s fifty-five.
When you do a listening or reading exercise, you should read the instructions carefully. Then you can focus your attention just on the information you need. You don’t have to understand every word.
Write a passage comparing the lives of the speaker’s grandmother and mother in Activity 6.
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The speaker’s grandmother and mother have lived very different lives. Her grandmother had a much bigger family…
Possible answer
The speaker’s grandmother and mother have lived very different lives. Her grandmother had a much bigger family of four children. The speaker’s mother has only one child. Her grandmother and mother had different childhoods. Her grandmother started school later. She didn’t start school until she was eight.
Her mother started school earlier, when she was six. Her grandmother didn’t have many years of education. She started work when she was fourteen. Her mother was luckier because she went to university at eighteen and started work when she was twenty-two.
Around the world
Cars
The modern car has changed life a great deal. Before the invention of the car, people had to travel by rail, on horseback or by horse-drawn carriage, or on foot. Using horses for travel was slow, and of course walking was even slower. Cars allow people to travel long distances quickly, in comfort and convenience.
a great deal 大量；许多
可单独使用，也可用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级。
a great deal of 大量的
只能修饰不可数名词。
The car also solved an enormous problem caused by using horses for transport in cities: manure! There were so many horses in large cities that it was almost impossible to get rid of the manure. Modern people are used to the idea that cars cause pollution, but the first cars actually made cities cleaner!
粪便
摆脱；丢弃；扔掉
Read and fill in the blanks.
1. The modern car has changed life a ______ deal.
2. Using horses for travel was _____, and of course
walking was even _______.
3. Cars allow people to travel long distances ________,
in comfort and ___________.
great
slower
quickly
slow
convenience
4. It was almost __________ to get rid of the manure
of the horses.
5. The cars may cause _________, but the first cars
actually made cities _______.
impossible
pollution
cleaner
In the past Modern
Ways
Features
rail, horse, horse-drawn
carriage, on foot
slow, too much
manure
cars
quick,
comfortable,
convenient,
cleaner than
horse carriage
Read and fill in the table.
Module task: Organising a debate
Work in groups. Read the motion of the debate.
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Health is more important than wealth.
Now decide who is for the motion and who is against it. You can use some of the following ideas:
For:
Without health, wealth means nothing.
You can enjoy life better if you are healthy.
Against:
It is hard to be healthy without wealth.
You can enjoy life better if you are wealthy.
Prepare your arguments. Give examples to support your ideas.
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Examples:
1. A healthy scientist can achieve more success in
his scientific research.
2. Money can’t help cure all diseases, like cancer
or AIDS and so on.
Hold the debate.
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Those for the motion give their opinions.
Those against the motion give their opinions.
Take turns to say what you think about each other’s arguments.
Discuss and find out whether most people are for or against the motion.
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Summary
一、形容词和副词的句法功能
1. 形容词的句法功能
2. 副词的句法功能
二、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
1. 形容词和副词的比较级的常用句型结构
2. 形容词和副词的最高级的常用句型结构
1. Review the grammar in this unit.
2. Choose an opinion and prepare for the debate.
Homework
