北师大版（2019）必修第二册 学案Unit5 Humans and nature易混易错点辨析学案（有答案）

【名师原创】：Unit5 易混易错点辨析
●adapt, adopt
【教材原句】
You are going to read a text adapted from the short story “A Descent into the Maelstrom” (教材P30)
【辨析】
两者词形相似，但意义和用法完全不同。
adapt 修改，改装；改编，改写（使适应新用途或新情况）, 常构成以下结构：
adapt sth. for sth. 改编/改装/修改使用于……
adapt oneself to sth. 使某人适应….
adapt sth. from sth. 从….改编某物, 被动结构为: sth. be adapted from….
adapt to…. 适应…..
adopt 采纳，采用，采取；接受，批准；收养, 领养
【例句呈现】
We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.
我们不得不迅速适应新制度。
Three of her novels have been adapted for television.
她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。
Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
They have had to adapt themselves to a war economy.
他们不得不适应战时经济。
The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change
世界会变得不同，我们必须做好准备以适应其变化。
Shelves were built to adapt the library for use as an office.
为将图书馆改作办公室而做了一些架子。
Many corporate methods have been adopted by American managers in imitation of Japanese practice.
美国的管理人员效仿日本人的做法，采用了很多经营公司的方法。
She was a wonderful mother to both her natural and adopted children.
她对亲生的和领养的孩子一样好。
The company has adopted a firm policy on shoplifting.
那家公司对店内行窃采取了严厉的措施。
If you want to improve your situation you must adopt a positive mental attitude.
如果你打算改变自己的境遇，就必须树立一种积极的心态。
【考点过关】
用adapt和adopt的适当形式填空
1. Pupils should be helped to ________ a positive approach to the environment.
2. Recently, the film _______ from a play of the same title.
3. She produced a TV series about _______ children.
4. So far, he _______ the play for the screen.
5. She was forced to have her baby _______.
6. Mary has tried to _______ to local customs.
7. All three teams _______ different approaches to the problem yesterday.
8. It is through our nervous system that we _______ ourselves to our environment.
9. Obviously, a more objective method of description must _______.
10. Although these vegetables _______ well to our temperate climate, they tend to crop poorly.
【参考答案】
1. adopt; 2. has been adapted; 3. adopted; 4. has adapted; 5. adopted; 6. adapt; 7. adopted; 8. adapt; 9. be adopted; 10. adapt
●happen; occur; take place
【教材原句】
About three years ago, something terrible happened to me. (教材P30)
【辨析】
三者都有“发生”的意思，都是不及物动词，都没有被动语态，但是有一定区别。
happen 和occur一样 可以表示事情意外或偶然地发生，这种情况下两者常可换用；happen 常构成以下结构：
① sth. happen to sb./sth. 某人发生某事/某物怎么了
② sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事
③ it happened + that 从句 碰巧……
④ there happen to be …… 碰巧有…..
occur 除了表示意外或偶然发生某事外，也表示“想起，突然想起”，常构成以下结构：
① sth. occur to sb. 某人想起（突然想起）某事
② it occur to sb. to do sth. 某人想起（突然想起）做某事
③ it occur to sb. + that 从句 某人想起（突然想起）某事
take place 一般表示有准备或按计划安排要发生的事情，也可以表示“举行，举办”会议，运动会等
【例句呈现】
What happened to your truck
你的卡车怎么样了
There happened to be some people there then.
那时，碰巧有一些人在那里。
It never occurred to her to ask anyone.
她从未想到去问问别人。
It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble.
我怎么也没有想到他会遇上麻烦。
Didn't it occur to you that he was lying
你当时没想到他在撒谎吗？
How did the accident happen/occur
事故是怎样发生的
That plane crash occurred/happened only minutes after take-off.
空难在起飞几分钟后就发生了。
She hoped nothing bad would happen to him.
她希望不会有什么不幸的事发生在他头上。
Olympic Games take place every four years in the world.
奥运会每四年（每隔三年）举行一次。
Great changes have taken place in our country during the past forty years.
过去四十年里，我们的国家发生了巨大变化。
【考点过关】
用happen, occur 和take place的适当形式填空
1. Elections ________ every five years in the country now.
2. It _______ to me that going to Switzerland for traveling will be marvelous!
3. Great changes ________ here since last year.
4. It never _________ to me that he might be in trouble.
5. The severe car accident ________ in the street half an hour ago.
6. What has ________
7. A good idea __________ to them that day.
8. The meeting will ________ next week.
9. It ________ to me to visit my teacher.
10. It didn't _______ to him that she would refuse his invitation.
【参考答案】
1. take place; 2. occurs; 3. have taken place; 4. occurred; 5. happened/occurred; 6. has happened/has occurred; 7. occurred; 8. will take place; 9. occurred; 10. occur
●as if (=as though) ; even though (= even if)
【教材原句】
I felt sick, as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. (教材P31)
【辨析】
两者都可以引导状语从句，但意思完全不同。
as if (=as though)意思是“仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句；在look, seem, feel, sound等系动词后引导表语从句。
even though (= even if) 意思是“即使，尽管，纵然”，引导让步状语从句。
温馨提示：as if/though引导的从句有时用虚拟语气
①如果句子所述内容是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时, as if/though从句谓语动词用陈述语气。
②如果从句所述内容是不真实的或不可能发生或存在的情况时,as if/though从句谓语动词用虚拟语气, 即根据不同情况谓语动词用一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反）、过去完成时（与过去事实相反）和would/could/might + 动词原形（与将来事实相反）。
【例句呈现】
Children universally prefer to live in peace and security, even if/though that means living with only one parent
孩子们普遍愿意过平静安宁的生活，即便这意味着只能与单亲生活在一起。
Even if/though you are on a fairly strict diet you can still go out for a good meal.
即使是在严格地节食，也可以出去吃顿好的。
Even if/though you have had a regular physical check-up recently, you should still seek a medical opinion.
即使近期做过一次常规体检，也应当征求医生的意见。
Nevertheless, it's good to know you've had good notices, even if/though you don't read them.
不过，即便你不看，知道有一些对你的好评也挺好。
Even if/Though I'm overstating the case for nutrition, at least it will result in the woman being in charge of her own symptoms
即便我夸大了营养的重要性，但至少它会让这个女人知道关注自己的症状。
Actually, there's no guarantee of success even if/though you can get the money.
实际上，即使你能得到那笔资金，也不一定会成功。
It felt as if/though we had reversed our roles of parent and child.
感觉就像我们父母和孩子交换了角色。
He looked as if/though nothing could faze him.
他显得镇静自若，遇事不惊。
It was uncanny really, almost as if/though she knew what I was thinking.
真是不可思议，她好像知道我在想什么似的。
He behaved as if/though nothing had happened.
他表现得若无其事。
There was a huge bang as if/though someone had exploded a rocket outside.
突然一声巨响，仿佛有人在外面引爆了火箭似的。
Why must you do everything as if/though you have to win
你为什么做每件事情都跟你非要赢似的？
It sounds as if/though it is raining.
听起来像在下雨。
He talks as if/though he is drunk.
从他说话的样子来看他是醉了。
You look as if/though you didn’t care.
你看上去好像并不在乎。
He talked as if/though he knew what had happened.
他说话的样子,好像他知道发生了什么事情。
He opened his mouth as if/though he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as if/though it might snow.
看来好像要下雪了。
【考点过关】
用even though/if, as though/if填空
1. Old enemies can become new friends ______ all their national interests are not in complete accord.
2. The child talked to us ______ he were a grown-up.
3. I only take on work that excites me, ______ it means turning down lots of money
4. He talked about the Great Wall ______ he had been there before.
5. ______ you have dark skin, you still need protection from the sun.
6. The girl listened _______ she had been turned to stone.
7. _______ you did see someone, you can't be sure it was him.
8. He looked ______ he was ill.
9. _______ the weather's awful there's lots to do.
10. It seems ______ it is going to rain.
11. ______ I had the talent to play tennis I couldn't stand the pressure
12. The house looked ______ it was about to fall down.
13. She travels around the world ______ money is no object.
【参考答案】
1. even if/though; 2. as if/though; 3. even if/though; 4. as if/though; 5. Even if/Though; 6. as if/though; 7. Even if/Though; 8. as if/though; 9. Even if/Though; 10. as if/though; 11. Even if/Though; 12. as if/though; 13. as if/though
●receive; accept
【教材原句】
While he was on the way to Antarctica, he received a message from the Norwegian explore Roald Amundsen which said he was going south, too. (教材P36)
【辨析】
两者都有“接受”的意思，，但用法有一定的区别。
accept意思是“接受，领受”， 表示当事人主观的态度和意愿，强调主观性。
receive 意思是“收到，接到”，表示客观事实，东西或物品等已经到手。
【例句呈现】
We cannot accept children above the age of 10.
我们不能接受10岁以上的儿童。
She's decided not to accept the job.
她决定不接受这项工作。
She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all.
经过审慎的思考，她决定还是接受他的提议。
You must learn to accept defeat with good grace.
你必须学会欣然承认失败。
Pride would not allow him to accept the money.
自尊心不容他接受这笔钱。
We are not prepared to accept these conditions.
我们无意接受这些条件。
We can receive up to 500 cable channels.
我们可以接收多达500个有线电视频道。
I haven't received a letter from him yet.
我还没有收到他的信呢。
He received a large reward, which was no more than his due.
他得到重赏，这也是他应该得到的。
When her husband died, she received 50 000 in insurance.
她丈夫去世，她得到了一笔5万英镑的保险金。
She received a summons to appear in court the following week.
她收到一张传票，让她下周出庭。
【考点过关】
用accept, receive的适当形式填空
1. It's possible that he ________ the letter already.
2. It is generally ________ that people are motivated by success.
3. He ________ 600 by way of compensation from the company yesterday.
4. You will ________ notification of our decision in the next week.
5. It may take years to be completely _______ by the local community.
6. He _______ the award in recognition of his success in the past.
7. She ________ to study music in the college last week.
8. They _______ the risks as part of the job.
9. You should ________ a reply within seven days.
10. I’ll regret to tell you that he didn't _______ the job.
【参考答案】
1. has received; 2. accepted; 3. received; 4. receive; 5. accepted; 6. received; 7. was accepted; 8. accept; 9. receive; 10. accept ( http: / / dict. / example / blng / eng / cause / " \o "点击发音 )
●destroy; damage; ruin
【教材原句】
Avoid bridges that have been damaged or may be damaged by the aftershocks. (教材P41)
【辨析】
三者都有“破坏；损坏”的意思，但有一定区别。
damage意为“损坏、破坏”。常表示损坏或破坏具体的事物，也可以指损坏抽象的东西，含有损坏后价值或效益降低的意味，破坏或损坏程度不太严重，以修复再用，还可用作可数或不可数名词，常构成以下结构：
do damage to….. 损害…., 破坏….
cause damage to…..损害…., 破坏…..
destroy 常指“毁灭性地破坏，摧毁；消灭；毁灭” 具体的事物或抽象的事物，程度极其严重，无法修复。另外，它既可表示毁坏具体的物品，也可表示毁坏抽指打破(希望, 计划等)。
ruin泛指一般性的破坏，多用于借喻之中，指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。使破产，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等，现多用于比喻用法中，在真正具体地摧毁或破坏某座建筑物时，通常不用 ruin，可做动词和名词。常构成以下机构：
bring sb. to ruin 使某人失败; 使倾家荡产
bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡
go/come/ fall to ruin毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉
ruin oneself毁掉自己
in ruins成为废墟，遭到严重破坏
【例句呈现】
Smoking will damage your health.
抽烟会损害你的健康。
The earthquake did a lot of damages to the city．
这场地震给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。
What they said and did damage the relations between the two countries．
他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系。
The Nazi wanted to destroy/ruined people's hopes, but in the end what was destroyed was the Nazi's dream by the power of people．
纳粹想摧毁人民的希望，最终是纳粹的梦想被人民的力量所摧毁。
The earthquake destroyed the village，so the local government decided to select another place to build a new one .
地震彻底摧毁了这个村庄, 因此当地政府决定选另一个地方建设一个新村子。
The heavy sandstorm destroyed/ruined their plan to seek for water in the desert.
一场非同一般的沙尘暴破坏了他们去沙漠里找水的计划。
All my hopes were destroyed/ruined by his letter of refusal.
他回信拒绝，使我的希望完全破灭。
My new coat is ruined．
我的外套不能再穿了。
The storm ruined the crops.
暴风雨毁坏了庄稼
She poured water all over my painting, and ruined it.
她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。
【考点过关】
用destroy, damage和ruin的适当形式填空
1. The terrible hurricane ________ the whole town completely last week.
2. He _______ his future by carelessness.
3. The fire _______ all my books.
4. He knocked over a bottle of ink and ______ the table cloth.
5. The whole city was in ________ after the earthquake.
6. Badly ______ in the accident, but the car can be repaired and reused.
7. The heavy rain _______ all hope of a picnic.
8. The fire _______ the building, and the government had to rebuild it.
9. These young people _______ themselves due to not listening to advice.
10. The flood caused ________ to the country.
【参考答案】
1. destroyed; 2. ruined/destroyed; 3. destroyed; 4. ruined; 5. ruins; 6. damaged; 7. destroyed/ruined; 8. destroyed; 9. ruined; 10. damage
●climate; weather
【教材原句】
New Zealand has a varied climate that changes a lot from place to place. (教材P43)
【辨析】
三者都与气象有关，但含义上有一定区别。
climate意思是“气候;气候区;倾向;思潮;风气;环境气氛”。做“气候”讲时，指某一地区常年长期的天气情况，包括气温、干旱程度、降雨量等。
weather意思是“天气，气象”， 通常指某一地区短期内具体的气象变化，包括晴雨寒暖等情况, 属于气候内容的一种表现。
【例句呈现】
He was not used to the local climate.
他不习惯当地的气候。
For most of the year, we have a dry climate in Beijing.
一年中大部分时间，北京的气候都很干燥。
The climate in this region is unwholesome.
这个地区的气候于健康不利。
It is difficult to find work in the present economic climate.
在目前这种经济大气候下很难找到工作。
You'll soon get used to the climate here.
你会很快习惯这儿的气候的。
This will not be possible in the changed economic climate.
这在经济气候已经改变的条件下是不可能的。
Social norm requests that the translation motivation be in accordance with the social climate.
社会规范是指社会思潮要求翻译目的与之吻合。
The biggest ranking criteria in the whole survey is political and social climate.
美世调查报告最重要的一项标准就是政治和社会风气。
There's going to be a change in the weather.
天气将有变化。
Gas and oil consumption always increases in cold weather.
燃气和燃油的消耗量在天冷时总会增加。
The bad weather is causing problems for many farmers.
恶劣的天气给许多农民造成了困难。
The weather was very kind to us.
天气非常宜人。
The weather got so bad that we had to turn back.
天气变得非常恶劣，我们不得不循原路折回。
Weather satellites have observed a ring of volcanic ash girdling the earth
气象卫星观测到一个环绕地球的火山灰带。
According to the weather forecast, frost is expected tomorrow morning.
据气象预报，明晨将有霜冻。
【考点过关】
用climate和weather填空
1. What was the ________ like on your vacation
2. _______ change of the whole world is still very much a subject for debate.
3. You should go outdoors in such fine _______.
4. The article puts forward a new theory to explain changes in the ___________ of the world.
5. The _______ is very changeable at this time of year.
6. We need to create a ________ in which business can prosper.
7. The game was called off because of bad _______ weather.
8. The ________ of political confusion has only reinforced the country's economic decline.
9. It would be dangerous to risk going out in this ________.
10. The religious ________ at the time refused new ideas.
11. A red sky at night often indicates fine ________ the next day.
12. The warm _______ favors many types of tropical plants.
13. The _______ at the moment is not typical for July.
14. If the _______ in the world changes continue, we will suffer the consequences.
15. Work on the building was impeded by severe _______.
16. As a new psychological ________, positive psychology advocates that psychology should research positive traits of mankind itself.
17. According to the ________ forecast, there will be a gale tomorrow.
18. To maintain a positive school ________ the community follows these guidelines for student behavior.
19. ________ stations are scattered all over the vast plains and the mountain regions.
【参考答案】
1. weather; 2. Climate; 3. weather; 4. climate; 5. weather; 6. climate; 7. weather; 8. climate; 9. weather; 10. climate; 11. weather; 12. climate; 13. weather; 14. climate; 15. weather; 16. climate; 17. weather; 18. climate; 19. Weather
●be composed of…. = be comprised of…. = be made up of… = consist of…; be made of….; be made from….; be made up of….
【教材原句】
In fact, one third of the country is made up of national parks, which are full of hiking trails and beautiful campsites. (教材P43)
【辨析】
be made up of…. = be composed of….= be comprised of….= consist of…意思是“由….组成/构成”，表示由若干部分组成。
be made of…. 意思是“由….做成”，一般所成之物可以看出原材料。
be made from… 意思是“由….制成”，所成之物一般看不出原材料。
【例句呈现】
It may be composed of multiple person records from different source systems.
它可能会包含来自不同源系统的多人记录。
Each group should be composed of at least ten members.
这个团队应该组成一个三人团队。
Some composite applications may be composed of several pages.
某些复合应用程序可能由一些页面组成。
Facial perception can be composed of face analysis and synthesis.
人脸感知可由分析与合成人脸两部分构成。
In some conditions the new manufacture system can be composed of many atom enterprises.
它可以同其它原子企业在一定的外界条件下构成一种新的生产体系结构。
In an assembly, services can be composed of other services.
在装配中，服务可由其他服务组装而成。
Services can be composed of other services.
服务可由其它的服务来组成。
Navy must be composed of surface ship unit and submarine unit.
海军一定是由水面舰艇部队和潜艇部队组成。
The traffic accident crime subjective element shall only be composed of fault.
The development will consist of 66 dwellings and a number of offices.
新建楼区将由66栋住房和一些办公用房组成。
The division will consist of two tank companies and one infantry company
这个师的组成部队将包括两个坦克连和一个步兵连。
The lungs consist of millions of tiny air sacs.
肺由数百万个小气囊组成。
A healthy diet should consist of wholefood.
健康饮食应由全天然食物构成。
All bodies consist of molecules and molecules consist of atoms.
一切物质都由分子组成，而分子由原子组成。
Most of them consist of only one cell.
他们中大部分是单细胞生物。
In short, the building would consist of two floors.
简而言之，办公楼将由两层构成。
The pipes should be made of plastic.
这些管子应该是用塑料制作的。
These houses are made of bricks.
这些房屋是砖造的。
The wine is made from grapes.
酒是用葡萄酿的。
Butter is made from milk.
奶油是用牛奶做的。
The fruit can be made into jam.
这种水果可以制成果酱。
Her bestseller 'Peachtree Road' is soon to be made into a television mini-series.
她的畅销小说《桃树路》不久将被拍成一部电视系列短剧。
The new R& D centre will be made up of both new and existing staff.
这家新研发中心所需的人手将来自新招募的员工和现有员工。
Plato conjectured each of these elements to be made up of a certain Platonic solid.
柏拉图推测每一种元素都是由某些理想立方体组成。
As with the first two seasons, the third will most likely be comprised of 10 parts, which will bring its overall count to 30.
和前两季一样，第三季很可能由10集组成，总集数将达到30集。
While it was believed that they were a single species, recent research indicates that they may, in fact, be comprised of several different species of Orca.
此前一直认为虎鲸只有一种，但最近的调查显示虎鲸种类繁多。
【考点过关】
根据be made of….; be made from….; be made up of….; be comprised of….用法填空
1. These pellets （可燃球）will be made _______ various metals and elements so that they give off different colors.
2. The taps appeared to be made _______ solid gold.
3. They used to be made _________ pigskin.
4. But those piles of metals in the warehouses(仓库) are waiting to be made _____ pipes.
5. Hydration is an essential part of maintaining beautiful skin, and cucumbers happen to be made up ______ about 96 percent water-more than most solid foods, including watermelon.
6. Then it will be made ______ strawberry-flavored, chocolate-coated fudge(草莓牛奶巧克力夹心软糖).
7. These studies may be comprised ______ either basic animal or human research or both.
8. The full text is supposed to be comprised ______ five parts in detailed elaboration.
【参考答案】
1. from; 2. of; 3. of; 4. into; 5. of; 6. into; 7. of; 8. of
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