北师大版（2019）必修第二册 Unit5 Humans and nature Review Workshop 同步练习（含答案）

Unit5 Review Workshop 同步练习（原卷版）
完形填空、阅读、语法填空综合训练
完型填空（共15小题）
Though people have discussed the relationship between science and nature for many years, there is no consensual(统一的) explanation. While some view science as a powerful tool in 1 nature’s source of power, others view it as a danger. One example is Barry Commoner’s article, Unraveling(解开) the DNA Myth, which explains the recent developments in DNA technology and expresses 2 . Another example is Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, The Birthmark. It is a tale about a famous scientist, Aylmer, who seems to be unraveling nature’s deepest secrets one by one. Despite all of his 3 and vast understanding of science, Aylmer is unable to direct that knowledge into 4 free from nature’s grasp. He was unable to rid his wife of her birthmark and, in the end, killed her.
Despite the different presentations of the concepts, though time separated the two men, both pieces express a similar view on the relationship between science and nature. Both pieces suggest that nature is 5 and holds wonders, secrets, and powers that many scientists constantly dream about discovering. Although there is a gap of one hundred and sixty years, Commoner still shares and gives evidence to Hawthorne’s beliefs that there is a unique 6 in nature that cannot be discovered or understood through science and that the 7 to uncover nature’s secrets are 8 and can lead to disaster. According to Commoner, nature’s universal power continues to prevent and control their moner criticizes and 9 doubt on the true power of science.
As Commoner’s article suggests, nature only allows science to have limited power and success. Both men believe that complete trust in science is 10 , however wonderful and groundbreaking some scientific discoveries moner believes that people only seem to focus on the few achievements, while avoiding and ignoring all of the laws. For example, “most clones exhibit developmental failure before or soon after birth”. By stressing all of the 11 and shortcomings of science, he conveys the notion that nature’s secrets are well kept and far from being understood and 12 by man. The government and private companies have invested billions of dollars in mapping the human genome, but we still have no 13 for it. Such a discovery is useless, however interesting it might be.
Commoner’s article clearly represents science as weak and useless, but more importantly, dangerous. It gives evidence to support the suggested dangers 14 with science’s attempts to discover nature’s power. If the result is not 15 dangerous, it can still have harmful side effects.
1．A．building B．defining C．showing D．uncovering
2．A．concerns B．views C．findings D．achievements
3．A．interests B．ambitions C．discoveries D．thoughts
4．A．preventing B．earning C．destroying D．breaking
5．A．mysterious B．powerful C．fantastic D．special
6．A．prosperity B．perfection C．improvement D．integrity
7．A．beliefs B．experiences C．actions D．attempts
8．A．disappointing B．meaningful C．useless D．significant
9．A．throws B．expresses C．holds D．casts
10．A．improper B．unbelievable C．dangerous D．unwise
11．A．reforms B．failures C．experiments D．changes
12．A．controlled B．digested C．shared D．applied
13．A．question B．doubt C．hope D．use
14．A．provided B．supplied C．associated D．compared
15．A．directly B．especially C．definitely D．Necessarily
阅读理解（共8小题）
A
Scientists in Colombia have trained a team of rats to help remove land mines from the countryside. Land mines are small bombs hidden in the ground and designed to explode(爆炸) when someone steps on them. When trained, the rats can smell special metals in the mines and then signal(发信号) to their human team. Then why use rats for such an important job
In the past, dogs have been used to find bombs. Rats have a good sense of smell and can respond to orders, just like dogs do. But rats are much lighter than dogs. They stand less of a chance of setting off the mines, which explode under a certain amount of weight. What’s more, the best rats are cheaper to keep than dogs. It costs about the same amount of money to take care of one dog as it does 70 rats.
The rats have already been used in Tanzania, an African country with many land mines. Luisa Fernanda Méndez and her team in Colombia are training the even lighter Wistar rats. These are the white rats with red eyes that scientists often use in laboratory experiments. “They even train their babies to perform their jobs, which saves us a lot of time, ” Méndez said.
Colombia has the second-highest rate(比率) of deaths from land mine accidents in the world. Last year, land mines killed 695 people — 56 of whom were children. A criminal group called the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, as well as other organizations, have placed the mines. FARC are strongly against Colombia’s government. The group has placed mines all around its own bases and in many places in the countryside.
In the past, the Colombian government hired peasants and poor farmers to find mines. Many of them died trying to find the well-hidden bombs.
Colombian police official Erick Guzmán hopes the team of rats can come to the rescue(援救). “These rats will be a great help,” he said.
1．How do rats help to find land mines
A．By their special sight. B．By their light weight.
C．By their sense of smell. D．By their excellent hearing.
2．The advantage of rats over dogs in finding bombs is that _____.
A．they are cleverer.
B．they run faster.
C．they have a better sense of smell.
D．they don’t make mines explode as easily.
3．The underlined word “They” may refer to ______.
A．scientists. B．Wistar rats.
C．dogs. D．Méndez and her team.
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．Specially-trained rats help clear land mines.
B．People in Tanzania are suffering from land mines.
C．Dogs are no longer used to find land mines.
D．Land mines have become a great danger to Colombians.
B
When you think of a national park, you generally picture fresh air and wild animals, right Well, now you're going to have to add tea shops and something called "the Tube" to your definition, because London, England has signed up to be the first "National Park City."
London was established by the Romans around 2,000 years ago and has been continually inhabited (居住于) since then. In all that time, however, nobody had the idea to replace all the parks with big box stores or high buildings, which means London already has a much lower urban density (密度)than most of the worlds cities. Nowadays about a third of the city is green space,
In July 2019, London announced its willingness to become the world’s first National Park City. Now the city is moving toward the goal of achieving 50% green space by the year 2050 by connecting and expanding public parks, greening up unused parking lots and the private yards of existing and new houses, fixing some green roofs on existing buildings and even cutting holes in fences for wildlife to pass through.
"Inspired by the aims and values of our precious rural national parks, the London National Park City is basically about making life better in the capital through both small everyday things and long-term strategic thinking," Daniel Raven-Ellison, who began the campaign to make London a National Park City six years ago said in a press release. "We've been doing that in London for centuries, which is why London is so green and diverse. "
London will have a much easier job achieving this type of green transformation than more densely-urbanized cities like Paris and New York, which have 10% and 27% greenspace, respectively. But that doesn't mean it's not possible——the National Park City Foundation hopes to employ 25 more cities in addition to London by the year 2025. Glasgow, Scotland and Newcastle upon Tyne in northeast England are both currently considering becoming National Park Cities.
5．What makes London more likely to become a national park city than other cities
A．Its smaller population. B．The government’s efforts.
C．Its less dense urbanization, D．Its citizens’ great support.
6．Where can we find the data on London’s measures to achieve its goal
A．In Paragraph 1. B．In Paragraph 2.
C．In Paragraph 3. D．In Paragraph 4.
7．What is Daniel Raven-Ellison trying to talk about in the fourth paragraph
A．London’s long-term strategic thinking.
B．The significance of London’s campaign.
C．The effects of national parks on London.
D．The resources of London’s green space.
8．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Trying to be a national park city is turning new trend.
B．National park cities are springing up around the world.
C．It is so easy for London to become a national park city.
D．National park cities are making improvements to our life.
语法填空（共10小题）
The heat wave that broke high temperature records in five European countries a week ago is now over Greenland, 1． (cause) the surface of the islands vast ice sheet to melt at near-record levels and a huge 2． (lose) of ice in the Arctic. On Wednesday alone, more than 10 billion tons of ice was lost to the oceans by surface melt, which is equal 3． about 4,000,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools, said Ruth Mottram, a climate scientist with the Danish Meteorological Institute.
Melting 4． (increase) in recent decades because of climate change and has been decreasing accumulation from snow. Previously, during the 1970s and the 1980s, Greenland lost 5． average of 50 billion tons of ice each year. From 2010 to 2018, that figure shot up to 290 billion tons 6． (annual). This summer, the extent of the melt could surpass (超过) the record set in 2012, 7． about 97% of the ice sheets surface began to melt. NASA-JPL Caltech reported at the time.
Greenland, the worlds largest island, 8． (lie) between the Atlantic and Arctic oceans, with 82 per cent of its surface 9． (cover) in ice. A June 2019 study by scientists in the U. S. and Denmark said melting ice in Greenland alone will add between 5 and 33 centimeters to the rising 10． (globe) sea levels by the year 2100. If all the ice in Greenland melted, which would take centuries, the world’s oceans would rise by 7.2 meters.
Unit5 Review Workshop 同步练习（答案解析版）
完形填空、阅读、语法填空综合训练
完型填空（共15小题）
Though people have discussed the relationship between science and nature for many years, there is no consensual(统一的) explanation. While some view science as a powerful tool in 1 nature’s source of power, others view it as a danger. One example is Barry Commoner’s article, Unraveling(解开) the DNA Myth, which explains the recent developments in DNA technology and expresses 2 . Another example is Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, The Birthmark. It is a tale about a famous scientist, Aylmer, who seems to be unraveling nature’s deepest secrets one by one. Despite all of his 3 and vast understanding of science, Aylmer is unable to direct that knowledge into 4 free from nature’s grasp. He was unable to rid his wife of her birthmark and, in the end, killed her.
Despite the different presentations of the concepts, though time separated the two men, both pieces express a similar view on the relationship between science and nature. Both pieces suggest that nature is 5 and holds wonders, secrets, and powers that many scientists constantly dream about discovering. Although there is a gap of one hundred and sixty years, Commoner still shares and gives evidence to Hawthorne’s beliefs that there is a unique 6 in nature that cannot be discovered or understood through science and that the 7 to uncover nature’s secrets are 8 and can lead to disaster. According to Commoner, nature’s universal power continues to prevent and control their moner criticizes and 9 doubt on the true power of science.
As Commoner’s article suggests, nature only allows science to have limited power and success. Both men believe that complete trust in science is 10 , however wonderful and groundbreaking some scientific discoveries moner believes that people only seem to focus on the few achievements, while avoiding and ignoring all of the laws. For example, “most clones exhibit developmental failure before or soon after birth”. By stressing all of the 11 and shortcomings of science, he conveys the notion that nature’s secrets are well kept and far from being understood and 12 by man. The government and private companies have invested billions of dollars in mapping the human genome, but we still have no 13 for it. Such a discovery is useless, however interesting it might be.
Commoner’s article clearly represents science as weak and useless, but more importantly, dangerous. It gives evidence to support the suggested dangers 14 with science’s attempts to discover nature’s power. If the result is not 15 dangerous, it can still have harmful side effects.
1．A．building B．defining C．showing D．uncovering
2．A．concerns B．views C．findings D．achievements
3．A．interests B．ambitions C．discoveries D．thoughts
4．A．preventing B．earning C．destroying D．breaking
5．A．mysterious B．powerful C．fantastic D．special
6．A．prosperity B．perfection C．improvement D．integrity
7．A．beliefs B．experiences C．actions D．attempts
8．A．disappointing B．meaningful C．useless D．significant
9．A．throws B．expresses C．holds D．casts
10．A．improper B．unbelievable C．dangerous D．unwise
11．A．reforms B．failures C．experiments D．changes
12．A．controlled B．digested C．shared D．applied
13．A．question B．doubt C．hope D．use
14．A．provided B．supplied C．associated D．compared
15．A．directly B．especially C．definitely D．Necessarily
【答案和解析】
1-5 DACDA 6-10 BDCDD 11-15 BACCA
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些人对科学和自然界之间的关系的态度——自然界有一种独特的完美，是无法通过科学发现或理解的。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有人认为科学是揭开自然力量来源的有力工具，也有人认为科学是一种危险。A. building建造；B. defining定义；C. showing展示；D. uncovering揭开。上文说虽然人们多年来一直在讨论科学与自然的关系，但并没有达成共识的解释，因此有人认为科学是揭示自然力量来源的有力工具，也有人认为科学是一种危险，故D项正确。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个例子是布朗纳的文章《解开DNA之谜》，它解释了DNA技术的最新发展并表达了人们的担忧。A. concerns关心、担忧；B. views观点；C. findings发现；D. achievements成就。上文说有人认为科学是一种危险，因此DNA技术引起了一些人的担忧，故A项正确。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管艾尔默有了诸多发现，对科学也有了广博的理解，但他却无法引导这些知识从大自然的掌握中挣脱出来。A. interests兴趣；B. ambitions抱负；C. discoveries发现；D. thoughts想法。空前说著名科学家艾尔默似乎在一个接一个地解开大自然最深处的秘密，他自然是有很多发现，故C项正确。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. preventing防止；B. earning赢得；C. destroying破坏；D. breaking打破。根据表示让步的Despite可知，艾尔默无法将这些知识从大自然的掌握中解放出来，break free from表示“挣脱”，故D项正确。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这两个例子都表明，大自然是神秘的，蕴藏着许多科学家梦寐以求的奇迹、秘密和力量。A. mysterious神秘的；B. powerful有力的；C. fantastic极好的；D. special特别的。根据空后的“and holds wonders, secrets, and powers that many scientists constantly dream about discovering.”可知，大自然是神秘的，故A项正确。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然相隔一百六十年，但布朗纳仍然认同并证明了霍桑的观点，即自然界有一种独特的完美，无法通过科学发现或理解，而揭开自然界秘密的努力毫无用处，可能导致灾难。A. prosperity繁荣；B. perfection完美；C. improvement改进；D. integrity正直。空后说自然界是无法通过科学发现或理解的，下文又说自然的秘密被很好地保存着，并且远离人类的理解和控制，因此此处是说自然界是完美的，故B项正确。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. beliefs信仰；B. experiences经历；C. actions行动；D. attempts尝试、努力。上文说一直以来科学家都努力解开大自然的秘密，故D项正确。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. useless无用的；D. significant重要的。上文说自然界是无法通过科学发现或理解的，因此想要揭开自然界秘密的努力是没有用的，故C项正确。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：布朗纳批判和怀疑科学的真正力量。A. throws扔；B. expresses表达；C. holds持有；D. casts铸造、投。上文说布朗纳认为自然界有一种独特的完美，是无法通过科学发现或理解的，因此他对科学的真正力量表示怀疑，cast doubt on表示“对……表示怀疑”，故D项正确。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：两人都认为，无论某些科学发现多么精彩和有突破性，完全相信科学是不明智的。A. improper不正确的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. dangerous危险的；D. unwise不明智的。空前说正如布朗纳的文章所说，自然只允许科学拥有有限的力量和成功，所以他认为完全相信科学是不明智的，故D项正确。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过强调科学的所有失败和缺点，他传达了这样一种观念：自然的秘密被很好地保存着，并且远离人类的理解和控制。A. reforms履行；B. failures失败；C. experiments试验；D. changes改变。空前的举例说大多数克隆体在出生前或出生后不久就表现出发育失败，这是科学上的失败，故B项正确。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. controlled控制；B. digested消化；C. shared分享；D. applied应用。自然界的秘密被很好地保存着，是人类不能理解和控制的，故A项正确。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府和私人公司在绘制人类基因组图上投入了数十亿美元，但我们仍然没有希望。A. question问题；B. doubt怀疑；C. hope希望；D. use用途。空后说无论多么有趣，这样的发现都是无用的，因此在绘制人类基因组图上投入再多，我们仍然没有希望，故C项正确。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它提供了证据来支持科学努力揭开自然力量所带来的危险。A. provided提供；B. supplied供给；C. associated联系；D. compared比较。上文说用科学解开自然的力量是危险的，此处指“与科学努力揭开自然的力量相关的”，故C项正确。
15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果结果不是直接的危险，它仍然会有有害的副作用。
A. directly直接地；B. especially尤其；C. definitely 肯定地；D. necessarily必要地。与空后提到的“有害的副作用”相对的自然是“直接的（危险）”，故A项正确。
阅读理解（共8小题）
A
Scientists in Colombia have trained a team of rats to help remove land mines from the countryside. Land mines are small bombs hidden in the ground and designed to explode(爆炸) when someone steps on them. When trained, the rats can smell special metals in the mines and then signal(发信号) to their human team. Then why use rats for such an important job
In the past, dogs have been used to find bombs. Rats have a good sense of smell and can respond to orders, just like dogs do. But rats are much lighter than dogs. They stand less of a chance of setting off the mines, which explode under a certain amount of weight. What’s more, the best rats are cheaper to keep than dogs. It costs about the same amount of money to take care of one dog as it does 70 rats.
The rats have already been used in Tanzania, an African country with many land mines. Luisa Fernanda Méndez and her team in Colombia are training the even lighter Wistar rats. These are the white rats with red eyes that scientists often use in laboratory experiments. “They even train their babies to perform their jobs, which saves us a lot of time, ” Méndez said.
Colombia has the second-highest rate(比率) of deaths from land mine accidents in the world. Last year, land mines killed 695 people — 56 of whom were children. A criminal group called the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, as well as other organizations, have placed the mines. FARC are strongly against Colombia’s government. The group has placed mines all around its own bases and in many places in the countryside.
In the past, the Colombian government hired peasants and poor farmers to find mines. Many of them died trying to find the well-hidden bombs.
Colombian police official Erick Guzmán hopes the team of rats can come to the rescue(援救). “These rats will be a great help,” he said.
1．How do rats help to find land mines
A．By their special sight. B．By their light weight.
C．By their sense of smell. D．By their excellent hearing.
2．The advantage of rats over dogs in finding bombs is that _____.
A．they are cleverer.
B．they run faster.
C．they have a better sense of smell.
D．they don’t make mines explode as easily.
3．The underlined word “They” may refer to ______.
A．scientists. B．Wistar rats.
C．dogs. D．Méndez and her team.
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．Specially-trained rats help clear land mines.
B．People in Tanzania are suffering from land mines.
C．Dogs are no longer used to find land mines.
D．Land mines have become a great danger to Colombians.
【答案和解析】
这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了科学家们在哥伦比亚已经训练一组老鼠帮助在农村清除地雷。以前用狗来帮助清除地雷，老鼠的优势他有灵敏的嗅觉，能够闻出特殊的金属味，并且他们的体重轻引爆地雷的可能性小，还有养它们的费用比养狗的费用低。
1．C.细节理解题。根据the rats can smell special metals in the mines and then signal(发信号) to their human team.可知，老老鼠能闻到矿井里的特殊金属，然后向人类发出信号。所以老鼠通过嗅觉帮助发现地雷。故选C。
2．D 细节理解题。根据第二段But rats are much lighter than dogs. They stand less of a chance of setting off the mines,但是老鼠比狗更轻。他们的体重轻引爆地雷的可能性小。所以在寻找炸弹方面，老鼠比狗的优势在于他们不会让地雷那么容易爆炸。故选D。
3．B 词义猜测题。根据第三段Luisa Fernanda Méndez and her team in Colombia are training the even lighter Wistar rats. These are the white rats with red eyes that scientists often use in laboratory experiments可知，路易莎·费尔南达·门德斯和她在哥伦比亚的团队正在训练更轻的Wistar老鼠。这些是科学家在实验室实验中经常使用的红眼白鼠。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，they指的是上文提到的是Wistar老鼠。故选B。
4．A 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段“Scientists in Colombia have trained a team of rats to help remove land mines from the countryside”可知，本文介绍了科学家们在哥伦比亚已经训练一组老鼠帮助在农村清除地雷，所以短文主要是关于经过特殊训练的老鼠帮助清除地雷。故选A。
B
When you think of a national park, you generally picture fresh air and wild animals, right Well, now you're going to have to add tea shops and something called "the Tube" to your definition, because London, England has signed up to be the first "National Park City."
London was established by the Romans around 2,000 years ago and has been continually inhabited (居住于) since then. In all that time, however, nobody had the idea to replace all the parks with big box stores or high buildings, which means London already has a much lower urban density (密度)than most of the worlds cities. Nowadays about a third of the city is green space,
In July 2019, London announced its willingness to become the world’s first National Park City. Now the city is moving toward the goal of achieving 50% green space by the year 2050 by connecting and expanding public parks, greening up unused parking lots and the private yards of existing and new houses, fixing some green roofs on existing buildings and even cutting holes in fences for wildlife to pass through.
"Inspired by the aims and values of our precious rural national parks, the London National Park City is basically about making life better in the capital through both small everyday things and long-term strategic thinking," Daniel Raven-Ellison, who began the campaign to make London a National Park City six years ago said in a press release. "We've been doing that in London for centuries, which is why London is so green and diverse. "
London will have a much easier job achieving this type of green transformation than more densely-urbanized cities like Paris and New York, which have 10% and 27% greenspace, respectively. But that doesn't mean it's not possible——the National Park City Foundation hopes to employ 25 more cities in addition to London by the year 2025. Glasgow, Scotland and Newcastle upon Tyne in northeast England are both currently considering becoming National Park Cities.
5．What makes London more likely to become a national park city than other cities
A．Its smaller population. B．The government’s efforts.
C．Its less dense urbanization, D．Its citizens’ great support.
6．Where can we find the data on London’s measures to achieve its goal
A．In Paragraph 1. B．In Paragraph 2.
C．In Paragraph 3. D．In Paragraph 4.
7．What is Daniel Raven-Ellison trying to talk about in the fourth paragraph
A．London’s long-term strategic thinking.
B．The significance of London’s campaign.
C．The effects of national parks on London.
D．The resources of London’s green space.
8．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Trying to be a national park city is turning new trend.
B．National park cities are springing up around the world.
C．It is so easy for London to become a national park city.
D．National park cities are making improvements to our life.
【答案与解析】
本文为说明文。文章就英国伦敦已经签约成为第一个“国家公园城市”为话题，介绍伦敦市民为实现这一目标而努力，同时其他城市也考虑成为国家公园城市。
5．C细节理解题。根据第二段中的nobody had the idea to replace all the parks with big box stores or high buildings, which means London already has a much lower urban density (密度)than most of the worlds cities. Nowadays about a third of the city is green space（没有人想到要把所有的公园都换成大型商店或高楼大厦，这意味着伦敦的城市密度比世界上大多数城市低得多，如今城市的三分之一是绿地）和最后一段London will have a much easier job achieving this type of green transformation than more densely-urbanized cities like Paris and New York, which have 10% and 27% greenspace, respectively.（与巴黎和纽约等人口密度更高的城市相比，伦敦实现这种绿色转型要容易得多，巴黎和纽约的绿化面积分别为10%和27%），可判断出，伦敦的低密度城市化是其优势。故选C项。
6．C推理判断题。根据第三段中的by connecting and expanding public parks, greening up unused parking lots and the private yards of existing and new houses, fixing some green roofs on existing buildings and even cutting holes in fences for wildlife to pass through.（通过连接和扩展公共公园，绿化未使用的停车场和现有和新建房屋的私人庭院，在现有建筑上固定一些绿色屋顶，甚至在栅栏上开洞让野生动物通过）可知，第三段列出伦敦为实现目标采取了很多措施。故选 C 项。
7．B推理判断题。根据第四段中的the London National Park City is basically about making life better in the capital（伦敦国家公园城的基本宗旨是让首都的生活更美好）可判断出，第四段旨在说明项目的意义。故选B项。
8．A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的the National Park City Foundation hopes to employ 25 more cities in addition to London by the year 2025. Glasgow, Scotland and Newcastle upon Tyne in northeast England are both currently considering becoming National Park Cities.（国家公园城市基金会希望，到2025年，除了伦敦之外，还能再入选25个城市。苏格兰的格拉斯哥和英格兰东北部泰恩河畔的纽卡斯尔都正在考虑成为国家公园城市）可推断出，越来越多城市想成为国家公园城市，这将成为一种趋势。故选A项。
语法填空（共10小题）
The heat wave that broke high temperature records in five European countries a week ago is now over Greenland, 1． (cause) the surface of the islands vast ice sheet to melt at near-record levels and a huge 2． (lose) of ice in the Arctic. On Wednesday alone, more than 10 billion tons of ice was lost to the oceans by surface melt, which is equal 3． about 4,000,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools, said Ruth Mottram, a climate scientist with the Danish Meteorological Institute.
Melting 4． (increase) in recent decades because of climate change and has been decreasing accumulation from snow. Previously, during the 1970s and the 1980s, Greenland lost 5． average of 50 billion tons of ice each year. From 2010 to 2018, that figure shot up to 290 billion tons 6． (annual). This summer, the extent of the melt could surpass (超过) the record set in 2012, 7． about 97% of the ice sheets surface began to melt. NASA-JPL Caltech reported at the time.
Greenland, the worlds largest island, 8． (lie) between the Atlantic and Arctic oceans, with 82 per cent of its surface 9． (cover) in ice. A June 2019 study by scientists in the U. S. and Denmark said melting ice in Greenland alone will add between 5 and 33 centimeters to the rising 10． (globe) sea levels by the year 2100. If all the ice in Greenland melted, which would take centuries, the world’s oceans would rise by 7.2 meters.
【答案和解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在五个欧洲国家打破高温记录的热浪导致格陵兰岛表面巨大的冰盖以接近纪录的水平融化。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：一周前在五个欧洲国家打破高温记录的热浪现在正在格陵兰岛上空，导致这些岛屿表面巨大的冰盖以接近纪录的水平融化，北极地区的冰层大量流失。cause的逻辑主语为the heat wave，为主谓关系，表示主动，故用现在分词作结果状语，故填causing。
2．考查名词。句意同上，作动词causing的宾语用名词，故填loss。
3．考查介词。句意：仅在星期三，就有超过100亿吨的冰被融化到海洋中，相当于大约400万个奥运会规模的游泳池，be equal to为固定搭配，意为“等同于”，故填to。
4．考查时态。句意：近几十年来，由于气候变化，融化现象有所增加，雪的累积也在减少。
in recent decades暗示此处应使用现在完成时（表示过去的动作对现在的影响）或现在完成进行时（强调动作从过去一直持续到现在并有可能继续下去），故填has increased/ has been increasing。
5．考查冠词。句意：在20世纪70年代和80年代，格陵兰岛每年平均损失500亿吨冰。an average of表示“平均……”，故填an。
6．考查副词。句意：从2010年到2018年，这一数字每年飙升至2900亿吨。修饰动词短语shot up to用副词，故填annually。
7．考查定语从句。句意：今年夏天，融化的程度可能超过2012年创下的纪录，当时约97%的冰原表面开始融化。此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词为2012，指时间，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。
8．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：格陵兰岛是世界上最大的岛屿，位于大西洋和北冰洋之间，82%的表面覆盖着冰。陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为Greenland，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填lies。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意同上，此处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，82 per cent of its surface与cover之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作宾补，故填covered。
10．考查形容词。句意：2019年6月，美国和丹麦科学家的一项研究称，到2100年，仅格陵兰岛的冰川融化就将使全球海平面上升5到33厘米。修饰名词sea levels用形容词，故填global。
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