北师大版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 6 The admirable Lesson 1 A Medical Pioneer词汇精讲课堂课件(共55张PPT)

(共55张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
版本：新北师
单元：必修二 Unit 6 (TOPIC TALK — LESSON 1)
本单元词汇梳理
1. admire ad- (to 朝、向) + mir- (wonder, look 惊奇、看) → 惊奇地朝某人看 → 钦佩；羡慕；欣赏
词块：admire sb for sth, admire the moon
词族：admire, admirable, admiration, admirer
2. remarkable remark (谈论) + -able (可……的) → 可值得谈论的 → 非凡的
3. justice just (adj 公平的) + -ice (行为、状态) → 公平；公正
词源：罗马神话中正义女神朱斯提提亚(Justitia) 的塑像经常出现在法院中，其形象通常是身披白袍（象征道德无瑕、刚直不阿），双眼蒙布（代表理性判断），一手持天平（象征公平）、一手持宝剑（表示严厉制裁）。朱斯提提亚的名字Justitia在拉丁语中是“正义”的意思。英语词根jur- / just- (正义、法律) 来源于此。
4. generation 来自generate；隐喻：人的代 → 产品的代 (4G, 5G)
词块：the younger / older generation, from generation to generation, generation gap
5. reform re- (again 再、重新) + form (形状) → 重新形成形状 → 改革
6. mankind 合成词：man + kind → 人的种类 → 人类
7. intelligent 逆生法来自intelligence；近义词：clever, brilliant, bright
8. generous gener- (birth, produce 产生) + -ous → (不断) 产生 → 慷慨的；丰富的；派生词：generousity
9. creatively creative + -ly
词族：create, creative, creatively, creator, creature
10. effective effect (效果) + -tive
effect：ex- (out) + -fect (to do) → 做出来的结果 → 效果
词族：effect, effective, effectively, effectiveness
11. female 正式用语 (对应 woman)，联系male
12. award Oscar Award
词块：win / get / gain / receive an award；award sb sth / award sth to sb
mittee commit (委托) + -ee (人、物) → 委员会
14. honour 词块：in honour of, it’s an / one’s honour to do sth, feel honoured to do sth；名词动词化
15. recognition 来自recognise：re- (again 再、重新) + cogn (to get to know 认识) + -ise
基本义：“认出”，词源同 know
熟词生义：“表扬；表彰”
16. academy 词源故事：希腊神话中，绝世美女海伦在少女时期被雅典英雄忒修斯劫走。海伦的两个哥哥来到雅典，要求归还自己的妹妹。但雅典人说不知道海伦在哪里。两兄弟威胁要动用武力。在这危急时刻，农夫阿卡德摩斯 (Akademos) 告诉了他们海伦的位置，使得雅典避免了一场战争。阿卡德摩斯因此成为英雄，得到神灵的庇佑，他的橄榄树林年年丰收，这片橄榄树林被叫作Akademeia，意思是“Akademos的果园”。后来，哲学家柏拉图在这片橄榄树林里创建了学园，人们将他的学园称为Akademeia。英语单词academy就来源于柏拉图创建的学园Akademeia，后来词义进一步扩充，泛指各种学术研究性机构。
17. gain 一词多义：基本义“获得”
词块：gain confidence / weight; No pain, no gain.
18. establish 近义词：set up, found (found更强调注入资金)
19. chemical 同源词：chemistry, chemist
20. literature 词源：来自拉丁语litera (书写、字母)，词源同letter，引申词义文学作品。
21. limited limit + -ed (limited edition)
词族：limit, limitation, limiting, limited
22. resource re- (back 向后) + source (源泉)
词块：natural resources
23. eventually eventual (最终的) + -ly；同义词：finally
24. promising promise + -ing
25. renowned 构词法：renown — renowned
26. despite 同义词：in spite of
27. wisdom wise + -dom (联系freedom)
28. potential potential boss
词块 achieve / fulfil(l) / reach one’s (full) potential
29. advance 一词多义：基本义“前进”
词块：in advance (of)
派生词：advanced (分词形容词)
cure
一词多义
熟词生义
honour
一词多义
搭配义
一词多义
gain
重难点词精讲
award
辨析义
recognise & recognition
一词多义
熟词生义
establish
advance
辨析义
一词多义
cure
1873年，25岁的特鲁多医生罹患结核病，只身来到人烟稀少的撒拉纳克湖畔等待死亡。远离城市喧嚣的他沉醉在对过去美好生活的回忆中，间或上山走走，打打猎，过着悠闲的日子。渐渐地，他惊奇地发现自己的身体在恢复，不久居然顺利地完成了未竟的学业，获得了博士学位。于是，特鲁多继续回到城市里行医。奇怪的是，每当他在城里住上一段时间，结核病就会复发，而一旦回到撒拉纳克湖地区，又会恢复体力和激情。1876年，特鲁多迁居到了荒野之地撒拉纳克湖畔。1884年，特鲁多用朋友捐赠的400多美元，创建了第一家专门的结核病疗养院“村舍疗养院”，在19世纪末期的美国，走在了结核病治疗和研究领域的前沿。特鲁多成了美国首位分离出结核杆菌的人。他创办了一所“结核病大学”，对病人生理和心理上的许多照料方法至今仍被沿用着。1915年，特鲁多死于结核病——毫无疑问，他比当时人们预计的要活得长得多。他被埋葬在撒拉纳克湖畔，墓碑上刻着的话，即是他一辈子行医生涯的座右铭。
美国医生爱德华 特鲁多的墓志铭：
To Cure Sometimes, 有时，去治愈；
To Relieve Often, 常常，去帮助；
To Comfort Always. 总是，去安慰。
cure
vt
治好 / 治愈（疾病）to make an illness or medical condition go away：
We could use cloning to cure illness.
治愈（病人）to make sb well again after he has been ill：
Moving to the country cured her of the disease.
纠正；矫正；消除（弊病等）：
Many bad habits can be especially difficult to cure. 2015 湖北
n [C]
治疗；痊愈：
Prevention is better than cure.
His complete cure can’t be expected.
疗法；药物：
One day scientists will find a cure for AIDS.
对策：
a cure for rising prices
cure 语义网络图
“治愈”疾病
“治愈”人
疗法；药物
治疗；痊愈
治愈
cure
基本义
“治愈”坏习惯等
对策
v
n
治好 / 治愈（疾病）
治愈（病人）
纠正；矫正；消除（弊病等）
award
奥斯卡金像奖（Oscars），又名美国电影艺术与科学学院奖（Academy Awards，中文简称学院奖），是美国历史最为悠久、最具权威性和专业性的电影类奖项，也是全世界最具影响力的电影类奖项。。
award
n [C] 奖；奖金；奖品；奖状：
an award of $10,000
win / get / gain / obtain / receive an award
“Lifetime Achievement” award 2019 全国
The award for this year’s best actress went to Emma Stone.
reward 一指因工作、贡献等而得到的“回报”、“报酬”。
二指因给警方提供帮助或帮助他人找回失物而得到的“赏金”。
award 指因某种突出的成就而由官方颁发的奖赏或荣誉，可以是“奖 (品)”、“奖状”、“奖金”等。award比reward更正式，to officially give sb a prize or money。
prize 指因在某方面作出巨大的贡献或在竞赛、比赛中胜出而获得的“奖赏”、“奖品”。
辨析：reward, award, prize
vt 授予；给予；判给：
award sb sth / award sth to sb:
A Nobel Prize was awarded to Tu Youyou in 2015.
They awarded John the first prize. / They awarded the first prize to John.
The court awarded damages of $5,000 to the injured man.
hono(u)r
hono(u)r
n
[U] [常用单数][正式用语]荣幸；[U] 荣誉；[C] 荣誉称号：
I feel it a great honour to be invited.
It is my / an honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school. 2014 江西书面表达改
achieve / attain / gain honour
The athletes competed for the honour of their countries.
She was chosen for the national honour of Teacher
of the Year.
[U] 尊敬；敬意 great respect and admiration for sb / sth：
hold sb in honour
We had a great party to show honour to the famous scientist.
[U] 正义感；道义 the quality of knowing and doing what is morally right：
a man of honour
a matter / point / question of honour
[与不定冠词连用] 光荣的人 / 事：
She’s an honour to her family and her country.
have the honour of (doing) sth：
May I have the honour of this dance
in honour of sb / in sb’s honour：
We celebrate Mother’s Day in honour of our mothers.
A ceremony was held in those soldiers’ honour.
vt
使……感到荣幸；[正式用语] 给予……荣誉：
She has been honoured with the Star of the Week for her excellent work.
Two firefighters have been honoured for their courage.
向……表达敬意；尊重：
In a marriage, you need to honour one another.
Next month the city will open a new park to honour those who died in the terrible disaster.
be / feel honoured to do sth 做某事感到荣幸：
I was honoured to have been mentioned in his speech.
I feel very honoured to have been able to take on this role.
hono(u)rable adj 可敬的；光荣的：
honorable mention 2020 山东
honour的语义网络图
荣幸；荣誉；荣誉称号
光荣的人 / 事
尊敬；敬意
正义感；道义
honour
使……感到荣幸；给予……荣誉
向……表达敬意；尊重
n
v
recognise vt
［不用于进行时］认出；辨认出：
The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without being recognised. 2014 北京
（正式）承认；公认 (acknowledge)：
The British recognised America as an independent state.
Arthur Miller is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. 2011 山东
意识到 a firm promise that sth will be done or that sth will happen：
I was surprised by her words, which made me recognise what silly mistakes I had made.
表扬；表彰：
The Canadian National Institute for the Blind recognised Doris Low for her great contributions. 2014 天津
re- (again 再、重新) + cogn (to get to know 认识) + -ise
基本义
recognition n [U]
认出；认识；识别：
face / speech recognition
The town has changed beyond all recognition since I was last here.
［常用单数］承认；认可：
seek international / official / formal recognition
There is a general recognition that the study techniques
of many students are weak.
赞扬；表彰；嘉奖：
She has been awarded with many awards in recognition of her services to the society.
认出
（基本义）
recognise
“认出”某事实并正式接受和公开
内心“认出”或认清某个事实
“认出”某事迹的重要性，并予以公开嘉奖
意识到
（正式）承认；公认
表扬；表彰
recognise & recognition 语义网络图
程度递进
“认出”某人或某物
认出；辨认出
recognise
recognition
认出；认识；识别
承认；认可
赞扬；表彰；嘉奖
No pain, no gain.
gain v
vt（使）获得；赢得 to get or win sth, especially sth that is wanted or needed：
gain a degree
Her honesty gained her the trust of her teacher.
vt & vi 获（益）to get an advantage from (doing) sth：
gain advantages from
There’s nothing to be gained by losing your temper.
We gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit. 2009 安徽
gain较为正式
vt 增加 to gradually get more of sth 反 lose：
I have gained a lot of weight recently.
The young people gradually gain confidence in their abilities.
vt & vi（钟、表等走得）快 反 lose：
My watch gains (by) several minutes a day.
gain ground 变得更强大 / 更成功 / 更有效；逼近
gain n
[C] 好处；利益；[U] 利润：
The official’s illegal gains will be turned in to national treasury.
He will do anything for gain.
增加 反 loss：
a gain in earnings
Regular exercise is the best way of preventing weight gain.
gain 语义网络图
“获得”某物
钟表等“获得”时间
“获得”益处
“获得”体重、信心等
（使）获得；赢得
获（益）
增加
（钟、表等走得）快
获得
gain
（基本义）
好处；利益；利润
增加
v
n
写作高级用词，经常与抽象名词搭配使用：
1. We all gained a lot from the experience.
2. The plane rapidly gained height.
3. We managed to gain entry through a back window.
4. “Sense of gain”, which means the public share the fruits of reform with happiness, gains popularity rapidly.
5. No pain, no gain.
创业
start / set up
a business
establish a business
establish vt
建立；创立；设立 (set up):
establish contact / a relationship with
The company was established in 1980.
【辨析】
establish 公司、机构等（正式用语）
set up 公司、机构等（日常用语）
found 公司、机构等 （强调提供资金）
open 商店、餐馆、旅馆等（服务性质）
establish / set up / found a company / group / club
establish / set up a committee / project
open a restaurant / store
确立；立足；得到认可:
By 1909, Picasso had established himself as a painter of great talent in Paris.
By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California.
This novel established the reputation he still enjoys today as one of America’s greatest writers.
established adj 已确立的；确定的：
an established fact
分词形容词（表示动作已完成），如advanced, developed, learned等
同族词 *establish, *established, *establishment
巴勃罗·毕加索（Pablo Picasso，1881-1973），西班牙画家、雕塑家。是现代艺术的创始人，西方现代派绘画的主要代表，是当代西方最有创造性和影响最深远的艺术家之一。其代表作有《梦》（Portrait of D.M ），《和平鸽》（Dove of Peace），《亚威农少女》（Avignon girl）等。
文化拓展
文化拓展——Hollywood
在第一次世界大战之前以及之后的一段时间内，格里菲斯和卓别林等一些电影大师们为美国电影赢得了世界名誉，华尔街的大财团插手电影业。好莱坞电影城由此迅速形成并兴起，电影产业恰恰适应了美国在这一时期的经济飞速发展的需要，电影也进一步纳入经济机制，成为谋取利润的一部分，资本的雄厚，影片产量的增多，保证了美国电影市场在世界上的倾销。洛杉矶郊外的小村庄最终成为一个庞大的电影城，好莱坞也在无形中成为美国电影的代名词。
好莱坞（Hollywood）位于美国西海岸加利福尼亚州（State of California）洛杉矶郊外，是一个依山傍水，景色宜人的地方。最早是由摄影师寻找外景地时发现的，大约在20世纪初，这里便吸引了许多拍摄者，而后是一些为了逃避专利公司控制的小公司和独立制片商们纷纷涌来，逐渐形成了一个电影中心。
He who does not advance falls backward. 不进则退。
advance & advanced
vi（尤指士兵）前进；向前移动：
The army advanced across the plain.
vt & vi（使）进展；（使）进步：
We have advanced greatly / significantly / considerably in our knowledge of the universe.
This research has done much to advance our understanding of language learning.
advance
v
advance 词源义：前进 → 基本义：前进
vt & vi（时间）提前；（价格）上涨；预支（钱）：
The date of the meeting was advanced from July 10 to July 1.
We are willing to advance the money to you.
vt 促进；推动 (further)：
She decided to go back to college to advance her career. 2020 山东
vt［正式用语］提出：
advance an idea / a theory / a plan
n
[U] 前进
[C] 进步；进展：
make great advances
technological / scientific / medical advances
[C] [常用单数]预付款：
pay sb a $500 advance
in advance (of ) 提前（于……）；预先（于……）；超前于：
Thank you in advance. 2013 全国书面表达
When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy. 2011 北京
对应动词释义记忆名词释义
位置“前进”
科技、知识等“前进”
时间“前进”
价格“前进”
支付“前进”
（尤指士兵）前进；向前移动
（使）进展；（使）进步
（时间）提前
（价格）上涨
预支（钱）
advance语义网络图
前进
advance
（基本义）
advanced adj
先进的；高级的 very modern and highly developed：
Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. 2015 北京
（课程）高深的；高级的 (of a course of study) at a high or difficult level:
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
分词形容词
She was educated at Peking University, after which she went on to have her advanced study abroad.
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. 发达国家 a __________ (develop) country
2. 发展中国家 a __________ (develop) country
3. 落叶 __________ (fall) leaves
4. 正在落下的树叶 __________ (fall) leaves
5. 先进技术 __________ (advance) technology
6. 白开水 __________ (boil) water
7. 沸水 __________ (boil) water
8. 学识渊博的人 a __________ (learn) man
9. 受过教育的孩子 an __________ (educate) child
developed
advanced
fallen
falling
developing
boiled
boiling
learned
将所填的分词形容词分类：
表示动作已完成：
表示动作正在进行：
developed, fallen, advanced, boiled, learned, educated
developing, falling, boiling
educated
（尤指士兵）前进；向前移动
（使）进展；（使) 进步
（时间）提前；（价格）上涨；预支（钱）
前进
进步；进展
预付款
v
n
adj
预先的
advanced adj
先进的；高级的
（课程）高深的；高等的
释义归纳
随堂检测
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. There is no effective cure for colds except rest. ___________
2. When I left the hospital I was completely cured. ___________
3. He tried to cure his child of the habit. ___________
4. The doctors stuck to their research until they discovered how to cure the disease. ___________
5. What is the cure for the plight（困境）of the homeless
___________
cure
疗法
矫正
痊愈
治疗疾病
摆脱困境的对策
award
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award. (2018 全国) ________
2. He received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996. (2013 重庆) ________
3. The virtual choir was the idea of award-winning composer and conductor Eric Whitacre. ________
二、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。
1. He was nominated (提名) for ____________________________ (最佳男演员奖).
2. Learning that he _______________________________ (因……获奖) his album, the composer felt very proud of himself. (2008 上海改)
奖
获奖的
终身成就奖
was awarded / won an award for
the best actor award
honour
一、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. Earlier this year, I ________________ （有幸）meeting the President.
2. A party will be held ________________ （为向……表示敬意）the prince.
二、根据所给词块或提示，将下列句子译成英语。
1. 我们为我们国家的荣誉而战。
We fought ________________________ our country.
2. 大驾光临，深感荣幸。(it is one’s / an honour to do sth)
__________________________________________
for the honour of
It is my / an / a great honour to have you here.
had the honour of
in honour of
一、用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
1. The actor is used to ______________________ (recognise) in the street.
2. Having problems with facial ______________ (recognise) is in a way known as face blindness.
二、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。
1. I can go to the airport and meet Professor Smith for you. ______________________ （我怎样才能认出他来） （2009 陕西改）
2. Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift ______________________（得到充分的肯定）.（2015 重庆）
3. The city has been built up really fast; it’s ___________________________（已经变得认不出来了）.
being recognised
recognition
recognise & recognition
How can I recognise him
was fully recognised
changed beyond recognition
三、翻译下面各句中画线的部分。
1. While we are confident in ourselves, we should recognise strengths in others and show respect for them.（2008 北京改） ________________
2. One of the processes（过程）of growing up is being able to recognise and overcome our fears. ________________
3. The man from Croatia was officially recognised as the new record holder by Guinness World Records after he managed to put on 245 different T-shirts in less than two hours.（2012 浙江） ________________
4. She suggested that Dale join the debating team, believing that practice in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.（2014 江苏） ________________
认识到 / 承认别人的优点
承认并克服我们的恐惧
官方认可 / 承认
认可 / 肯定
gain
一、用gain把下列汉语译成英语。
1. 获得信心 __________________________
2. 获得广泛的支持 __________________________
3. 我的表快两分钟。 __________________________
4. 最近我胖了。 __________________________
二、将下列各句中的画线部分或句子译成汉语。
1. As American fast food gains acceptance in France, more and more French children are overweight.（2014 陕西改） _______________
2. I gained strength every time I said, “Yes, I’ll try that.”（2011 天津） _______________
gain confidence
I’ve gained weight recently.
gain popular support
My watch gains (by) two minutes.
得到认可 / 被接受
获得力量
三、将下列短语和句子译成汉语。
1. gain access to the building _____________________
2. Why not give it a go You have nothing to lose and everything to gain.
_________________________________________
3. We all gained a lot from the experience.
_________________________________________
为什么不试试呢？你不会有任何损失，却会收获一切 / 只赚不赔。
（得以）进入大楼
我们从这次经历中受益良多。
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Our goal is to establish a new research centre in the north. __________
2. He’d already begun to establish a reputation as a journalist. __________
3. He has just set up his own business, but it will take him a while to get established. __________
二、根据汉语提示，完成下列句子。
1. The purchase price could also be a signal that an ___________________ （老牌公司）is buying a new-born threat.（2017 江苏）
2. A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before _______________
______________（正确建立）.（2019 天津）
(it is) properly
established company
establish
建立
确立声誉
站稳脚跟
established
一、翻译下列词块。
1. 预先订购
__________________________________________________________
2. 取得很大进展
__________________________________________________________
3. 科学进步
__________________________________________________________
4. 提前（于……）；预先（于……）
__________________________________________________________
advance booking / book in advance
make great advances
scientific advances / advances in science
in advance (of)
advance & advanced
二、完成句子。
1. We live in an age of ___________________________（技术飞快进步）. (n)
2. The army ___________________________________（正向城市前进）. (v)
3. _________________________（我们取得了很大的进步）in our knowledge of the universe. (v)
三、根据句意写出advanced的最佳释义。
The course has two levels, the beginners and the advanced.（2015 湖南改） ____________________
2. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities.（2013 北京） ___________________
rapid technological advance
is / was advancing on / towards the city
We have advanced greatly
（课程）高深的；高级的
先进的；高级的
谢
谢
观
赏