北师大版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 4 Information technology Lesson 3 Internet and Friendships词汇精讲课堂课件(共46张PPT)

(共46张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
版本：新北师
单元：必修二 Unit 4 (LESSON 3 — READING CLUB 2)
本单元词汇梳理
1. harm：派生词：harmless, harmful
2. argument：argue + -ment；熟词生义：论据
词块：have an argument with sb = argue with sb
argue 熟词生义：论证 (argue for / against)
argue 词块：argue with sb about / over sth
3. replace：re- (back, again) + place (v 放置)，放回去 → 替代 = to take the place of
4. concentrate：con- (together 共同) + center (集中) + -ate → 使集中
词块：concentrate on
5. concerned：concern + -ed (分词形容词）
词块：be concerned with / about / for, as far as … be concerned
6. rewarding：reward + -ing
7. addition：add + -tion
词族：add, addition, additional, additionally
词块：in addition (to)
8. percent：亦作 per cent，单复数相同
percent of + 名词 / 代词”作主语，名词 / 代词为复数时， 谓语动词用复数；名词为不可数名词或代词为单数时，谓 语动词用单数。
9. opinion：词块：have / hold an opinion, ask for / seek sb’s opinion, in sb’s opinion, have a high / low / good / poor opinion of
10. focus：词源：来自拉丁语fireplace，壁炉。古罗马时代壁炉边
即 focus 被认为是家庭生活的中心，引申为
“集中点”“中心点”。
词块：focus on
11. maintain：main (= man-, hand 手) + -tain (to hold 拿) → 用手拿 → 维持
12. smartphone：smart + phone
13. limiting：词族：limit — limitation — limiting — limited
14. brief：词块：in brief；派生词：briefly
15. creative & creativity：词族：create, creative, creatively, creativity — creator
16. authority：author + ity；同义词：specialist
词块：in authority
17. profile：pro- (forth 向前) + fil (draw out a line 画出线条) + -e → 向前画出人或物的线条 → “侧面”“轮廓”
18. location：词族：locate — located — location
19. option：比choice稍正式
词块：have no option but to do sth
派生词：optional
20. imaginary：imagine + -ary
词族：imagine — imaginary — imaginative
21. series：词块：TV series, a series of
22. author：同义词：writer
23. amazing：amaze + -ing (分词形容词)
词族：amaze, amazed, amazing, amazement, amazingly
24. privacy：private (adj) + -cy
构词法：private — privately — privacy
25. accessible：access + -ible
argument
一词多义
replace
concentrate
一词多义
content
一词多义
搭配义
一词多义
basis
搭配义
opinion
focus
重难点词精讲
maintain
authority
表示感受类的分词形容词
一词多义搭配义
一词多义搭配义
一词多义
英语释义
熟词生义
argument
谈到“argument”一词，你可能会联想到怒气冲冲的人在“争吵”的画面。“争论；争吵”是你熟悉的argument的释义，但它还有另外一层释义——“论据”, 从某种程度上说，是常见释义“争论”在程度上的加深。通过其英语释义（a reason or set of reasons that sb uses to show that sth is true or correct）即“用来证明某事是真的或正确的理由”，也可以更好地理解这层释义。
argue v
vi 争论；争辩；争吵：
argue (with sb) (about / over sth)
Do you ever argue with your family about which TV programme to watch
Gun control is a subject about which Americans have argued for a long time. 2009 陕西
vi & vt 论证 to give reasons that support your opinion about sth：
The author argued for / against free university education. 2010 北京改
It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. 2011 广东
语义程度递进
argument n
[C] & [U] 争吵；争论；辩论：
have an argument (with sb) (about / over sth)（就某事）（与某人）发生争论 / 争吵
I got into an argument with a friend. 2013 重庆改
Settle the question by argument, not by fight.
[C] 论据；理由；论点：
This paragraph gives the arguments against cars.
We all found his argument convincing and interesting.
replace 词源解读：
replace由 re- + place (v) → to restore to a previous place or position，恢复到以前的位置 → “把……放回原处”
replace vt
把……放回原处：
Replace the magazines after reading.
取代；接替；更换：
Personally, I think store shopping will exist along with online shopping but will never be replaced. 2011 安徽改
The student union will hold a special meeting in January to hire someone to replace the secretary.
We’d be happy to replace the radio for you.
replace ... with / by 用……替换：
They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars. 2015 浙江
replacement n [U] 更换；更替；[C] 替换的人 / 物：
Talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact.
生活中的 concentrate
当我们喝进口果汁的时候可以注意下商标，上面往往有“apple juice concentrate”“grape juice concentrate”等，那么大家知道concentrate在这里是什么意思吗？
浓缩
concentrate
词源解读：concentrate是由con- (together 共同, 一起) + center + -ate构成，来到一个共同的中心 →“（使）集中”。
concentrate
■ vt & vi
（使）聚集于；（使）浓缩：
Italian industry is concentrated mainly in the north.
专心；集中（注意力、思想等）：
When we miss a night’s sleep, we find it hard the next day to concentrate and learn new information.
“集中”具体的人或物
“集中”抽象的时间精力等
同义异构：focus
concentrate (sth) on (doing) sth:
We must concentrate our efforts on improving education.
When you concentrate on one task you can get it done faster and better.
■ n [C] & [U] 浓缩物；浓缩液：
orange juice concentrate
concentrated adj 浓缩的；聚集的；全神贯注的
【词汇拓展】
concentration n [C] & [U] 集中；专心：
Concentration on your studies will result in good grades.
Driving requires total concentration.
concentrate 语义网络图
（使）聚集于
（使）浓缩
专心；集中
（注意力、思想等）
（使）集中
concentrate
基本义
使人或物“集中”
使液体等“集中”
使时间、精力等“集中”
具体到抽象
一物到另一物
be lost in
devote oneself to
focus on
be occupied in
be absorbed in
devote … to
be involved in
be engaged in
be dedicated to
bury oneself in
be employed in doing sth
写作同义异构：你还能想到哪些表示“专注于 / 致力于做某事”的表达？
前缀 词根 单词
con- (together) -tribute: 贡品、贡金 contribute 贡献
-duct: to lead 引导 conduct 引导；带领
-flict: to strike 击打 conflict 战斗；冲突
-tain: to hold 拿 contain 包含；容纳
-nect: to blind 连接 connect 连接；连结
-struct: to build construct 建筑；构筑
-tact: to touch 接触 contact 触碰；接触
-tract: to draw 拉 contract 缩小；收缩
-test: to bear witness 见证 contest 比赛；竞争
-text: to weave 编织 context 上下文；语境
单词串串记 —— 前缀con-
content
高考链接
根据所给汉语，完成句子。
Andy _____________________________ the toy. It is the best he has ever got.（2015 四川）
is satisfied with
/ is content with
content1
■ adj［不用于名词前］满意的；满足的 happy and satisfied：
Happy is he who is content. 2013 天津
(be) content with:
I am content with second place, because I know that I tried my hardest.
Not content with a big house, a loving family, Selina still tries to build her own career.
(be) content (for sb) to do sth 乐得（让某人）做某事；满足于（让某人）做某事 (willing to do sth)：
She is content to live quietly by herself.
■ n [U] 满意；满足
to one’s heart’s content 尽情地；心满意足地
■ vt［正式用语］使满足；使满意：
We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only.
contented adj［常用于名词前］满意的；满足的
contentment n [U] 满足；满意
content2 n [C]
［用复数］（容器等）容纳的东西：
She dropped her handbag and the contents fell out on the floor.
［用复数］（书刊等的）目录：
It is advisable to look at the contents page of a book before buying it.
［用单数］（书籍、文章、演讲等的）主要内容：
The content of your essay is excellent, but it’s not very well expressed.
［常用单数］［用于名词后］含量：
food with a high fat content
basis
basis n [C] (pl bases) 根据；基础：
on a regular basis
Naismith later wrote 13 rules which are the basis of modern
basketball rules.
On the basis of those facts, we can reach the following conclusion.
乔治·戈登·拜伦（George Gordon Byron，1788 — 1824），是英国19世纪初期伟大的浪漫主义诗人（a romantic poet），代表作品有《恰尔德·哈洛尔德游记》（ Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage）、《唐璜》（Don Juan）等。他不仅是一位伟大的诗人，还是一个为理想战斗一生的勇士，积极而勇敢地投身革命，参加了希腊民族解放运动，并成为领导人之一。
opinion
Opinions are made to be changed — or how is truth to be got at
— George Gordon Byron
观念生来就是要被改变的，否则真理如何产生呢？
[C] 意见；看法；主张 what you think about sb / sth (view)：
have / hold an opinion
ask for / seek sb’s opinion
express / give / offer / voice an opinion
In my opinion, learning English is a step-by-step process.
I was wondering if you could share your opinion about / on this topic.
I’ve changed my opinion of her.
opinion n
个人的“意见”
[U]（群体的）观点；舆论 what people in general think about sth：
legal / medical opinion
Public opinion is in favour of change.
[C] 专家意见；专业意见：
get a lawyer’s opinion on the question
I’d like a second opinion (= advice from another person) before I make a decision.
have a high / low / good / poor opinion of 对……评价高 / 低 / 好 / 差
群体的“意见”
专家的“意见”
个人的“意见”
群体的“意见”
专家的“意见”
意见；看法；主张
观点；舆论
专家意见；专业意见
opinion语义网络图
意见
opinion
基本义
focus词源
来自拉丁语fireplace，壁炉。古罗马时代壁炉边即focus被认为是家庭生活的中心，引申为“集中点”“中心点”。
focus
focus
■ n [C] & [U] (pl focuses / foci)
焦点；焦距 ：
The focus on my camera isn’t working properly.
中心点；关注点：
The focus of attention has changed.
We shall maintain our focus on the needs of the customer.
come into focus 成为焦点
in focus 焦点对准的；清晰的
out of focus 焦点未对准的；模糊不清的
成像的中心点
注意力的中心点
focus
■ vt & vi
（使）调节焦距；调节（……的）焦距：
She turned the camera and focused on Martin’s face.
（使）集中（注意力、精力等）：
The other team was brilliant and we really had to focus.
focus (...) on / upon 集中（……）于；聚焦（……）于：
You should stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to improve the situation. 2010 广东改
By focusing on saving oil, water, paper, food, and clothing, we are playing a part in cutting down on waste. 2014 福建
focus(s)ed adj 注意力集中的：
Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time. 2016 北京
maintain
词源解读：maintain由man- (hand，手) + -tain (to hold，拿着) 构成，用手拿着 → “维持” “保持” 。
maintain R3 vt
保持；维持 to make sth continue at the same level, standard, etc.：
Social media tools let us see what our friends are up to and maintain friendships.
维护；保养 to keep sth in good condition by checking and repairing it：
maintain machinery
He is responsible for maintaining all the buildings.
坚持认为 to keep saying that sth is true even when others disagree or do not believe it (insist)：
He maintained that such things should never be done again.
maintain语义网络图
维持;保持 maintain
（基本义）
“维持”抽象事物
“维持”具体事物
保持；维持
维护；保养
坚持认为
“维持”观点
authority词源解读
在古欧洲，能解决争端的书或文章等都是有权威的，而能写出这些书籍和文章的人即作者也都是很有权威的人。在历史发展过程中，由“有权威的篇章”这一具体的概念衍生出抽象释义“权威；权力”等。authority的各层释义都与“权威”有关，故各释义衍生的基础即基本义为“权威”。
author (n 作者) + -ity
authority n
[C] 权威人士；专家；泰斗 (specialist)：
He is an authority on vocabulary.
[U] 权威；权力；当权 the power to give orders to people：
Teenagers, when they grow up, begin to question their parents’ authority and wisdom.
In Singapore, rank is important and authority is respected. 2014 浙江改
Could I speak to someone in authority (= who has a position of power) here, please
[U]（正式的）许可；授权 the official right or permission to do sth：
No one may enter without my authority.
[C]［常用复数］官方；当局：
health authorities
We reported the train accident to the authorities.
随堂检测
一、写出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。
1. It is no use arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. ______________
2. Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is cruel to eat animals, but others argue that they can eat meat and still be kind to animals.（2012 广东） ______________
3. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, saying nothing about the argument.（2011 全国） ______________
4. His strong arguments persuaded me to accept his conclusions.
______________
argument
争论 / 争吵
论证 / 争辩
争论 / 争吵
论据 / 理由
二、在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. They have argued ___________ each other for years ___________ the best way to grow potatoes.
2. When you present reasons why you believe in something, you argue ________ it.
3. Father argued ___________ an increase in my pocket money. His ___________ (argue) is that I used to spend all my pocket money on clothes and snacks
4. The child had an argument ___________ his friend ___________ what game to play.
against
with
about / over
for
argument
with
about / over
一、写出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。
1. The house I grew up in has been taken down and replaced by an office building.（2009 江西） ____________
2. You may read any of these magazines, only you must replace it after reading.
____________
二、在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced ___________ a modern hotel or not.（2011 重庆）
2. My magic water bottle will be a ___________ (replace) of the traditional one which can change the temperature of the inside water automatically（自动地）according to the changes of the outer environment.（2014 湖南）
取代
放回原处
with / by
replacement
replace
一、在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Listening well also requires total ____________ (concentrate).（2013 江西）
2. He made a ___________ (concentrate) effort to improve work.（2011 上海）
3. To be effective, you need to identify your strengths and concentrate ________ them.（2009 浙江）
concentration
concentrated
on
concentrate
二、根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1. Be quiet — let me _______________（专心做）my homework.
2. In that country, women _______________（集中在）a small number of occupations.
3. I’m ___________________________（集中精力于）writing a book.
concentrate on
concentrate in
concentrating my efforts on
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The calorie（卡路里）content in this ice cream is very high.
__________
2. I am very content with my life at present. __________
3. A bag with its precious contents was missing. __________
4. The content of your essay is excellent, but it’s not very well expressed. __________
5. We cannot go abroad this year, so we’ll have to content ourselves with a holiday in London. __________
6. You can read to your heart’s content in the library. __________
content
含量
满意 / 满足
东西 / 物品
主要内容
使满足 / 使满意
尽情地
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Honesty is the basis of friendship. __________
2. We’re going to be meeting there on a regular basis.
__________
3. She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications（资历）and ideas. __________
4. On the basis of evidence we deduced（推断）that he was guilty. __________
5. This article will form the basis for our discussion. __________
basis
友谊的基础
定期地 / 经常地
由于 / 因为
根据
作为……的基础
一、翻译下列词块。
1. 在某人看来 _________________________
2. 征求某人的意见 _________________________
3. 某人的个人观点 _________________________
二、根据汉语提示，完成下列句子。
1) Everyone has the right to _________________________（表达观点）.
2) The media has a powerful influence on _______________（舆论）.
3) Whether or not this is useful is __________________（看法问题）.
ask (for) / seek sb’s opinion
sb’s personal opinion
public opinion
opinion
in sb’s opinion
express an opinion / an idea
a matter of opinion
focus
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed (揭露) about human nature （2015 湖北） _________
2. I think Dave likes to be the focus of attention. _________
3. These topics have recently come into sharp focus. _________
4. The children’s faces are badly out of focus in the photograph. _________
聚焦；关注
关注的焦点
成为焦点
模糊不清
一、写出下列句子中maintain的汉语释义。
1. The building is maintained by a private nonprofit organization. _____________
2. Some people maintain that watching violence on TV is one of the major causes of aggressive behaviour and crime in society.（2008 上海） _____________
3. The fifty-two-week money challenge is simple and if it is maintained, it will result in 1378 dollars in your savings account each year.（2016 上海） _____________
4. They barely earn enough to maintain themselves and their four children. _____________
保持；维持
坚持认为
维护；保养
maintain
养活；供养
二、根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。
1. Twenty-five percent of the savings are used to ________________（维护系统）.
2. The choice is clear: eat food with empty calories and you will gain weight, eat nutritious food and you will ____________________（保持体重）or lose weight.
maintain the system
maintain your weight
authority
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The authorities have refused to let him enter the country.
__________
2. We need to get the support of someone in authority. __________
3. He has the authority for handling this matter. __________
4. She is one of the world’s leading authorities on fish. __________
5. I’ll give my lawyers authority to act on my behalf. __________
当局
权威
权利
专家
授权
谢
谢
观
赏