人教版（2019）选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 巩固基础练习 语法填空 专项训练 （含答案）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 巩固基础练习 语法填空 专项训练 （含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-07 19:22:49 | ||
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高中英语 选择性必修二（人教2019版）
第一单元 巩固基础练习 语法填空 专项训练
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A SPECTRE is haunting workers—the rise of artificial intelligence (AI)
The fear is that smart computer programs will eliminate millions of jobs, condemning a generation to minimum-wage drudgery or ___1___ (enforce) idleness. Never mind the robots, fear the software. There is no need to be so gloomy, say Ken Goldberg of the University of California, Berkeley, and Vinod Kumar, the chief executive of Tata Communications, a unit of India’s biggest business house (which stands ___2___ (profit) from the spread of AI). They have produced a report that is much more optimistic about the outlook for ordinary employees. In many cases, it says, job satisfaction will be enhanced by the elimination of mundane tasks, giving people time to be ___3___ (creative). Their views are backed up by a survey of 120 senior executives, conducted for the report, which found that more of them (77%) thought that AI would create new roles than believed ___4___ would replace existing positions (57%; respondents could choose both options). Extra skills ___5___ be needed to cope with the new technology and more than half of the bosses are already taking steps to train their workforces. No previous technology shifts ___6___ (have) as negative effects on employment as was first feared. The authors note some well-known examples. Bar-code scanners did not eliminate the role of cashiers in America; jobs in the retail industry grew at an annual rate of more than 2% between 1980 and 2013. The arrival of automated teller machines (ATMS) spared bank employees the job of delivering cash and freed them to offer financial advice ___7___ customers. Some jobs could be made a lot easier by AI. One example is lorry-driving. Such is the fear ___8___truck drivers will be replaced by autonomous vehicles. But maneuvering a lorry around busy streets is far harder than driving down the motorway. So the driver could switch into automatic mode (and get some rest) when outside the big cities, and take over the wheel once again when ___9___ (near) the destination. The obvious analogy (类比) is with jetliners, ____10____ the pilots handle take-off and landing but turn on the computer to cruise at 35,000 feet. Using AI may prevent tired drivers from causing accidents.
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Did you ever wonder who invented Legos When you learn about the Lego story, you will be ____11____ (surprise)! Like many great inventions, the story is not just one of great idea ___12___ one of hard work and determination. The story starts off in Denmark. Ole Kirk Christiansen was a carpenter, _____13_____ was having a hard time with business. To make matters ____14____ (bad), his wife, the mother of four kids, died. To make his kids happy and look for new ways to make money, he started to make wooden toys. His sons helped him with his business. He had expected that he toys _____15_____ (sell) well but the result was disappointing.
Ole thought his toys needed a new name, so he chose the name “Lego”, ____16____ (mean) “play well” in Danish. Soon his toys became popular. Unluckily, his workshop caught a big fire one day and burned ____17____the ground. Everything was destroyed! Ole almost gave up. But he knew his kids were relying on ____18____ (they) father for food. So he started to make plastic toys. He then got the idea ____19____ (develop) a “system” of toys that would build kids’ imagination and _____20_____ (create). He made it. He decided to stop making wooden toys and centre only on the connected plastic toys. Now kids around the world enys.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has once again proved its ____21____ (able) to change the world with the “four great new inventions”: high-speed railways, electronic payments, shared bicycles and online shopping. They’re related to China’s high-tech innovation (创新), ____22____ has improved the quality of people’s lives, according to a survey ____23____ (make) by the Belt and Road Research Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University.
“My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone,” said ____24____ university student, adding that “even pancake sellers are using mobile payment.”
The bikes ____25____ (them) are not new, but the operating model of bike-sharing ____26____ (base) on satellite navigation system (卫星导航系统), mobile payment, big data and other high technologies.
China has entered a new innovative era, thanks to the large amounts of capital China has invested in ____27____ (encourage) innovation, said Bernhard Schwartlander, WHO Representative in China.
It is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas. This is especially true in mobile, where China is leading ____28____ many ways such as social messaging app WeChat, Rebacca Fannin, founder of Silicon Dragon, said. This is partly because China skipped over the PC era and went ____29____ (direct) to mobile. China has a _____30_____ (large) mobile use than any other country in the world.
阅读下面一段材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（每空一词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
This was not an easy task. The reason____31____this was difficult was that the team had____32____(limit) resources. They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory____33____they worked had poor air quality. However, after hundreds of failed____34____(experiment), they eventually____35____(come across) a promising chemical. It worked well in experiments on animals, but they had to know if it was safe for humans. Tu Youyou ____36____(brave) volunteered to be____37____ first human subject when they were ready____38____(start) testing and the rest of her team followed her. The test was a success. The medicine they discovered, artemisnin, has now become the world’s most____39____(effect) drug for____40____(fight) malaria.
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In 2015, Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize. She was the first Chinese female scientist ____41____(award) the prize for her great contributions to medicine. Tu Youyou and her team discovered artemisinin, the world’s most ____42____(effect) drug for fighting malaria. The drugs ____43____(save) the lives of millions so far. When ____44____(thank) the Committee for the honour, Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also ____45____(recognise) of and encouragement for all scientists in China.”
After graduating from Peking University Health Science Centre, Tu Youyou worked in China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and gained ____46____ deep knowledge about traditional practices. In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria. Across the world, scientists tested over 240,000 chemicals with no success. However, Tu Youyou had an idea ____47____ Chinese herbs might hold the secret. She and her team used modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.
This was not an easy work. However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they ____48____ (eventual) found a promising chemical. They tested themselves and the test was a success. The medicine they discovered was artemisinin. In 2019, Tu Youyou ____49____(select) by the BBC as one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th century. _____50_____ her age, Tu Youyou continues to conduct research.
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Leonora Buenviaje ____51____ (make) women’s clothes out of waste materials to date. She says wearing clothes made from waste materials can be both ____52____ (economy) and good-looking. To make her dresses, she uses a sewing machine to join together the waste materials. These include ____53____ (recycle) newspapers, plastic wrapping and rice.
Recycling is when something new is made from something that has been used before. The process that Buenviaje uses ____54____ (join) the materials together is called sewing. “The bubble wraps from ____55____ (deliver) packages are nice looking,” she said. Bubble wrap is ____56____ plastic product that is used to protect goods that are being delivered. She said white bubble wraps were good for making wedding dresses. The dresses are used for everything from coming-of-age parties for a woman’s 18th birthday, ____57____ weddings.
In Asia, there is plenty of waste material for Buenviaje to work with: about 80 percent of the world ocean plastic ____58____ (estimate) to come from Asian rivers.
“It’s important to recycle used materials so we can help our earth,” said Lalaine Alcalde, who buys clothes from Buenviaje. Buenviaje said her dresses were used in beauty competitions and ____59____ she got delighted whenever they won. “The designs are simple _____60_____ they still win,” she said.
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Science at school and at work
Concern has been expressed about a relative lack of interest in science as a school subject or future career. This report focuses___61___the views of students and puts forward suggestions for improving the image of science.
The vast majority of students who choose science subjects feel they have made the right decision. They enjoy___62___(conduct) experiments in the well-equipped laboratories and appreciate the fact___63___the teaching staff are more highly qualified than those in arts subjects. In consequence, science students believe they are learning in a more___64___(stimulate) environment.
Unfortunately, however, some students think twice before choosing sciences,____65____their reputation as comparatively difficult subjects that involve memorizing facts and figures. Moreover, the sciences are believed to be subjects___66___high marks are harder to obtain.
In addition, science has a serious image problem. Many are discouraged by the so-called lack of glamour of science as a profession, by film stereotypes(典型形象) of mad professors and computer geeks, and by the suspicion with___67___the media often treat scientific research, for instance concerning genetically modified(转基因) food.
To create a more positive impression___68___science, students should be invited to participate in Science Fair projects, scientific work experience programmes and virtual Open Days at university science faculty. They should also___69___(make) aware of the benefits of studying science, such as developing thinking skills, discovering____70____things work and -- one day -- finding real solutions to real problems.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词括号内单词的正确形式。
Many Greek philosophers were at the same time scientists. Thus Plato was a mathematician and Aristotle contributed to zoology. Aristotle, indeed, started methodical research, patiently ____71____ (collect) material and laying ____72____ (mass) foundations (基础) for modern science. Before Plato and Aristotle, there had been scientist-philosophers. After them, Greek science made further advances. Two men may be mentioned for ____73____ they did to push science forward. Both lived in the 3rd century B．C．
Euclid is even now well-known for his Elemerits, a textbook of geometry (几何学) , perhaps the most successful textbook ever ____74____ (write), because it was in use in English schools until the early years of the 20th century.
Archimedes did important work not only in geometry, but also in arithmetic(算术), mechanic and hydro-static (静水力学). He discovered that when ____75____ body is immersed in water, its loss of weight is equal to the weight of the water displaced (排水). He invented machines which greatly helped his native city against the Romans. ____76____ (illustrate) the principle of the lever (杠杆), he is said to tell the king: “Give me a place to stand, and I ____77____ (move) the world.”
Greek science did not neglect ____78____ (apply). Mathematics, the purest of science was applied in at least five fields. Greek scientists collected a wealth of material and tried to find the proper method of doing scientific work. As a result, they were able to deduce (推断) theories and built up systems, ____79____ had a great influence on later scientists.
_____80_____ they failed to create conditions for the continuous growth of science. It is there that great changes began in the 17th and 18th centuries and it is this that set off modern from ancient science.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has once again showed its ability to change the world with its “four great new ___81___(invent)”—high-speed rail, electronic payment, shared bicycle, and online shopping.
China’s new-generation high-speed train, the Fuxing Hao, is now one of the ___82___(fast) trains in the world, which can travel at a speed of 350 km/h. Besides high-speed rail, China ___83___ (improve) people’s lives in many other innovative ways over the last decade.
Bike sharing, for example, is not new itself. But China has made ___84___much more convenient and popular both in China ___85___overseas. The leading Chinese bike sharing companies Mobike and Ofo are now operating in foreign countries such as Singapore and Britain.
And back in China, when riding a shared bike, you can stop ___86___ (buy) and eat whatever you want ___87___ (simple) with a tap on your phone. You could easily pay with your smartphone by ___88___(scan) the seller’s QR code. Cashless payment has grown into a ___89___(choose) for Chinese people — even a pancake seller is using Alipay.
As for Alipay, it was designed to serve the online shopping at first, ____90____ is now the most ways to make purchases in China. You can buy anything you need without leaving your homes.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Humans take a step closer to “flying cars”
In the 1880s, the first automobile was developed, and about two decades later, the Wright brothers in North Carolina invented the first successful airplane. “Today, the world is closer to ___91___ (combine) those two concepts.” said a Japanese tech company ___92___ completed a manned test flight of a “flying car”.
The company, SkyDrive, said in a news release on Friday that it ___93___ (complete) a flight test using “the world’s first manned testing machine,” its SD-03 model, ___94___ electrical vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicle. “The flight time was four minutes.” the company said.
The aircraft has one seat and operates with eight motors and two propellers (螺旋桨). It lifted about 10 ___95___ (foot) into the air and was operated by a pilot, the company said. Tomohiro Fukuzawa, SkyDrive’s chief executive, said that five years ago there were various prototypes (原型) of flying cars, usually with fixed wings. SkyDrive’s product, he said, was one of the most smallest in size and was lighter ___96___ (compare) with other designs.
___97___ (safe) is one of two challenges preventing the technology from becoming ___98___ (wide) used, said Derya Aksaray, an assistant professor of aerospace engineering and mechanics at the University of Minnesota. “Now, safe autonomous technology for eVTOL aircraft ___99___ (develop).” Aksaray said, “The other challenge is design—the vehicles should be powerful enough to carry any necessary weight, yet quiet enough to fly ____100____ undetermined low altitudes.”
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many of our beliefs about the universe are based on inductive reasoning, also known as the ____101____ (science) model. This means of arriving at the truth requires the observation of concrete events ____102____ (follow) by the development of a theory to explain ____103____ has been observed. In other words, it is a way to proceed from the particular to the general, from the specific to the abstract. However, it is in the nature of scientists to inquire ____104____ every possibility, and this means they often discover things no one has ever seen or noticed before. Our generalized theories therefore never cease to change.
In fact, most of our new knowledge ____105____ (gain) by the observation of things we have never seen before. Before the first black swan was seen, the assumption was that all swans were white,____106____ is known as the “black swan theory”. How could we have known otherwise There will always be “unknown unknowns” such as black swans, ____107____ some people criticize those who dare to suggest their ____108____ (exist). We should always be objective and question what we think we know.
The world in the future is bound to be different from now. ____109____ much we understand, there will always be _____110_____ remote possibility of discovering “a black swan”. Accordingly, our comprehension of the world will change. Therefore, we should keep up with new developments in all domains of knowledge —“black swans” can change history.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
William Campbell, Satoshi ōmura and Tu Youyou jointly won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work against parasitic diseases. 85-year-old Tu ____111____（award）this prize for her contribution to___112___（reduce）the death rate of malaria（疟疾）, minimizing patients" suffering and promoting mankind's health. This is ____113____science is all about.
As a matter of fact, Tu has won some attention when she ____114____（get）the Lasker Award in 2011. But there is no way to compare her popularity ___115___the attention she is receiving today. As the first Chinese mainland Nobel Prize Winner of the ___116___（nature）science award, Tu's winning ___117___（complete）surprised Chinese people, who had long been wondering when the first Chinese Nobel laureate in natural science would appear.
Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to win a Nobel Prize for work ____118____（carry）out within China. She has spent 40 years’ time on scientific research. Although the Nobel Prize did not come to her until four decades later, it is definitely one of ____119____most privileged rewards that recognize Tu's_____120_____（devote）and perseverance in discovering artemisinin（青蒿素）. Her record-breaking winning is a reminder that science is never about instant success. There is no way to measure how much you spend on scientific research and compare it with how much reward you get.
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AI can make our dreams __121__ (come)true, one aim of __122__ is to develop computer intelligence. Deep-learning Al has been developed and it can imitate the complex networks of the human brain. In fact, AI technology developed very slowly for a long time. A major breakthrough in AI came in 1997, __123__ Deep Blue beat the world chess champion. Then in 2017, AlphaGo defeated the best human Go player.
Nowadays, AI __124__ (apply)in many fields for it has __125__ unlimited number of applications. In short, AI has transformed the way __126__ we live. Machines with AI have become more and more intelligent. We should make the machines work to our advantage, and make sure that they don’t threaten the __127__ (exist) of humans. We should also think about the dangers __128__ (pose) by the advances in AI. We need to be sure that we will not fall victim __129__ AI, and we must be careful ___130___ we wish for.
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A white telephone booth (电话亭), known as the Phone of the Wind, ___131___(sit) in a garden on top of a hill. Though ___132___(disconnect), the phone serves a surprising purpose: helping people speak out what they feel embarrassed to say in front of others.
___133___(think) about the idea for a long time, Sasaki finally built the booth. “My thoughts can’t be relayed over a regular phone line, so I want them ____134____(carry) on the wind. I hope others can also express their feelings in the same way.”
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Distinguished scientist Lu Yuanju（陆元九）, 101, has urged China's scientists, researchers, engineers and technicians ___135___ （make）full use of their talents to contribute to the motherland and her people.
"People in my generation ___136___ （study）under enemy bombing and built our country from ruins," he said at his home in Beijing ___137___ （late）. "My comrades（同事）and I spent our ___138___ （young）in sending our country's rockets and satellites into space. Our successors have managed to place spacecraft on the moon and Mars, ___139___ （accomplish）our country's thousand-year dreams of exploring the universe. I am very ___140___ （hope）that our younger scientists, researchers, engineers and technicians can see their work ___141___ a long-distance race, stay true to their missions, and use all their passion and energy to advance the nation's science and technology."
One of the founders of China's space industry, Lu played ___142___ important role in the design and construction of the country's first satellite ___143___ was lifted into orbit in April 1970.
In recognition of his service and contribution to China, Lu ___144___ （award）the July 1 Medal.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
James Watt, born in Scotland in 1736, was an engineer, scientist and ____145____ (invent). As a child he was gifted in the areas of maths and science.
One day when he was 12 years old, he sat in his family kitchen, ____146____ (watch) a kettle boiling water. As the water boiled, the steam made the top of the kettle bounce ____147____ and down. He thought deeply about what was happening, as steam was only water ____148____ seemed to be powerful enough to lift a kettle top. He reflected ____149____ (far) on the process, estimating how much more power could ____150____ (create) by a large amount of water. Later he experimented with steam and eventually developed the steam engine. This was ____151____ great success in improving the Newcomen steam engine, ____152____ was commonly used at the time.
Watt’s invention changed the course of human history. Steam engines helped to power factories that started the Industrial Revolution. With this ____153____ (come) new types of jobs and the availability of new products at lower costs. In the area of transportation, steam engines were used _____154_____ (power) trains and boats, helping people to travel greater distance in much shorter times.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dear Dad，
On this date of your 50th birthday，Mom gave me the letter you wrote to me when I was born 18 years ago.In your letter，you ____155____ (wish) me to be strongminded and successful.You were looking forward to ____156____(see) me fight for my future bravely and do well for ____157____(me) and others.
After reading this letter，I feel quite ____158____(shock) at your ____159____(expect) on me.I also feel shamed of not having performed well ____160____ (meet) your demand.I still remember when I was in primary school，I failed to apply myself to studying.I was addicted to computer games.As a consequence，I soon became the last one in my class.You didn't abuse me at all.___161___ the contrary，you taught me that studying was the most important object at the moment and encouraged me to study hard.Only ____162____ I read your letter did I realize that I behaved so badly at that time and you were so sad to see I didn't do well for myself.
I can't help expressing my gratitude and sending my best wishes to you.Wish you ____163____ (health) and happy.I promise that I will spare no effort to satisfy your demand of being ____164____brave and successful person.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填写适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I feel so ___165___ (bless) to be alive in such a beautiful and wide place. Nothing can be ___166___ (good) than breathing the fresh air and enjoying the adventure of ___167___ (hike) over the difficult land to the other side of the valley.
Body language ___168___ (vary) from culture to culture. For example, making eye contact is a way to display interest while in other countries, it is not always approved ___169___. On the other hand, some gestures seem ___170___ (have) the same meaning everywhere. ___171___, a good knowledge of body language is a must for better communication.
___172___ impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfill his dream. He succeed in producing a rice ___173___ could feed more people at home and abroad. His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a _____174_____ (real). Everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was estimated that around 1.2 million tons of artificial snow were produced for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics ___175___ (hold) in February this year. Previous games had seen people using artificial snow to create the ___176___ (condition) needed to host the competitions. Undoubtedly, this was another major use of technological advancements in sports.
The first time people used artificial snow to host a competition ___177___ (be) back in 1980. The 2014 Sochi Olympics used 80% artificial snow, ___178___ later rose to 90% at the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. However, this year’s competition had 100% artificial snow made for the Games.
The two snowboarding venues were Yanqing and Zhangjiakou, A nearly reservoir (水库) was the direct resource center for making snow. Water mist was sprayed ___179___ the air ,which was then crystallized (结晶) the snow with the ___180___ (freeze) air temperature. Ships from ___181___ Italy company delivered the equipment back in 2019 as they did not want any delay.
However, with huge amounts of water to use, it raised different ___182___ (environment) concerns. Accordingly different measures ___183___ (introduce) to solve these issues. This game adopted water ____184____ (conserve) and used other recycling materials to ensure the ecosystem was well protected. This was a great approach, as sporting fans could enjoy such a great Olympics.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。
In mid-September in 2022, to honor the 110th anniversary of the birth of nuclear physicist Wu Chien-shiung, ____185____ global online conference was held to mark this anniversary. Compared with physicists such as Marie Curie, Wu is not a household name in China or in the United States, ____186____ she was one of the most influential nuclear physicists of the 20th century.
Wu was born on May 31, 1912, in Liuhe town, Taicang, ____187____ the Yangtze River flows into the East Sea. Wu’s father, Wu Zhongyi, received a modern ____188____ (educate) in Shanghai, and in 1913, ____189____ (found) the first school for girls in Taicang. He aimed ____190____ (break) the old sexist advocacy that it was women’s virtue to have no talents.
The father, absorbing the merits of Western ideas while bearing the great thoughts rooted deep in Chinese culture in mind, had the most profound influence ____191____ Wu Chien-shiung’s life. She spent most of her life in the US, but always wore qipao. Working in the scientific world dominated by men, she never gave up or lowered her standards even if ____192____ (unequal) treated.
During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wu’s great ____193____ (achievement) won her nicknames such as “Chinese Madame Curie”. She was the first woman to be president of American Physical Society, and the first female winner of the Comstock Prize in physics ____194____ (give) by the US National Academy of Sciences.
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Future Inventions
Everyone has their favourite invention. Some of us even make lists of them. One survey, which asked for Britain’s greatest invention, named the bicycle, which received twice as many votes as the World Wide Web. That’s the past, but what about the future What inventions ____195____ (shape) our lives J.B．S. Haldane, a British scientist and not one of life’s optimists, once made his prediction for the future. He said that ____196____ hadn’t happened would happen and no one would be safe from it. Whether you agree or not, one thing is ____197____ doubt: human beings need to invent a few things pretty quickly. Here is our own list:
Number one is a new source of power. Oil is running out. A teenager, in a recent letter to a newspaper, wrote that it would take over a hundred years ____198____ (produce) fresh oil. He was wrong by a few million years. Once our oil is gone, it’s gone forever. We have about fifty years’ worth left, and even less ____199____ rates of industrialisation speed up. At a recent conference about the world’s future, scientist Hilary Craft said we had already found the answer: solar power. She said we could expect enormous mirrors in the sky ____200____ would reflect sunlight and provide the world’s electricity.
Number two on our list is a waste processor. Throughout most of history, the rubbish ____201____ (throw) out the back door. If the jungle didn’t swallow it, wild animals would get it. Once the jungles disappeared, we started burying our waste underground or dumping it into the sea. Now we’re running out of space. If we want to avoid ____202____ (destroy) the Earth, we’d better find a way to recycle more effectively. An inventor, Clara Petrovic, said she was working on equipment that would have waste ____203____ (turn) into bricks and other building material.
Finally, medicine. In the past, a cold killed you. Now we are examining people’s genes for signs of future illness. ____204____ (find) the disease early enough and you can prevent it. Glen Hiemstra of recently claimed that somewhere on Planet Earth there is a young child who will be the first person to live forever.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s BeiDou Navigation Satellite System ( BDS) has functioned effectively in the country’s flood-control operations，and has helped the country fight against floods, ____205____ (assist) in early warning and resident transfer (移民 ). Based on its ground stations and constellation (星座), the BDS system can provide centimeter-level and millimeter-level ____206____ (accurate) in real-time processing and post-processing. Debris flow (泥石流）can ____207____ (predict) through real-time danger monitoring to gain time for people to escape and rescue, which ____208____ (ensure) the safety of people’s lives and property.
____209____ function of the BDS system is short message communication, allowing users to send messages without the support of a mobile network. The BDS system can also aid international search and rescue with its bidirectional communication service. Ships in need ____210____ rescue can receive a reply from the ground station after sending a signal that is suffering and ____211____ (much) advanced than before.
China will attempt to provide legal and policy (政策) ____212____ (guarantee) and create a sound, open environment for the development of the BDS system. It is believed ____213____ the combination of BDS with _____214_____ (develop) technologies, including 5G, mobile communications and big data, will be further promoted to create new business models and growth points.
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Surprising Facts About At-Home DNA Tests
If you send your DNA to two different companies to find out about your ancestry, you may end up with two different results. That's _____215_____ there’s no certification required for DNA-testing companies. They may get the basic idea correct — that you are a little less than half northern European, for example, but when they say you’re 30 percent from here and 60 percent from there, it’s a statistical guess _____216_____(base) on their own database and method.
Your results will be less precise if you're not a native. The more people from your ancestral region in a company’s database are, the more accurate your results will be.
You can find out your risk of diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer’s from an at-home DNA test kit, but a laboratory authorized (授权) to do medical testing will give you _____217_____(conclusive) results.
The results of your genetic testing could affect your ability to get insurance. _____218_____ federal law prohibits health insurers from denying coverage based on genetic test results, the law does not apply to life, disability, and long-term-care insurance.
Law-enforcement agencies are increasingly using family tree DNA databases to solve crimes, _____219_____was done in the arrest of a former police officer accused of being the Golden State Killer. California detectives took the DNA results from various crime scenes, _____220_____(look) for partial matches on a public genealogy database, and eventually found their man.
The market is also exploding with companies _____221_____ (claim) they can pinpoint the right product — for your skin or your waistline, for instance — based on a DNA test. But consider them entertainment ____222____ real science, Greely says. A study found that diets based on genetic tests didn't help people lose weight.
Still, DNA tests can answer questions you've had about _____223_____ — and ones you didn’t know to ask. For example, for an additional cost, 23 and Me will include your results on more than 25 individual traits, _______224_______being a morning person.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Who invented the ATM There have been _225_ (argue) for years over who should officially go down in history as “the inventor of the ATM”. Now the UK government is _226_ (clear) saying it was James Goodfellow _227_ invented the ATM.
Back in the mid-1960s, James Goodfellow was working _228_ a development engineer for Glasgow firm Kelvin Hughes, and had been charged with inventing a way to enable customers to withdraw (取) cash from banks when Saturday opening ended. “Most people _229_ (work) during the week couldn’t get to the bank. They wanted a solution. The solution _230_ (be) a machine which would issue cash on demand to a _231_ (recognize) customer, ” he said. “I set out to develop a cash-issuing machine, and _232_ (make) this a reality, I invented the pin (personal identification number) and an associated coded token (代币).”
The cash machine has become a world-conquering piece of technology. There are now 3 million ATMs worldwide, with _233_ number forecast to hit 4 million by 2020. The good news for Goodfellow is that people are beginning to know him for his invention. Even _234_ (good) for him, the Home Office has now officially recognized his other achievement.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One of the biggest misunderstandings about China’s tech market is that China is all about copying ideas. But if that ever was the case, it ____235____ ( certain) isn’t now. China’s entrepreneurs（企业家）____236____ (prove) that they can innovate（创新）. In fact,they’ve become so good at ____237____ that the West is now copying their ideas.
Here are a few examples. Facebook borrowed some ideas ____238____ China’s popular messaging app—Wechat when ____239____ US social media giant Facebook introduced group chats and private messaging. In bike-sharing, a similar transfer occurred. LimeBike copied one of China’s major bike-sharing ____240____ (company), Mobike.
China gained an advantage by being able to leapfrog（超越）some older ____241____ ( west) technologies and go straight to new tech such as QR codes, electric vehicles, high-speed trains, mobile payment, and super apps that combine all these functions. We are entering a new stage ____242____ separate universes are being created. This ____243____ (cause) by China’s fast rise, and a ____244____ (grow) gap between the US and China on technology innovations that matter for the future.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China successfully exploded its first atomic bomb on Oct. 16, 1964, ____245____(shock) the rest of the world. It ____246____ (follow) by the successful explosion of a hydrogen (氢)bomb in 1967. Later, a satellite with a recording of the tune of Dongfanghong declared to the world that China ____247____ (master) the satellite technology.
" It was the bombs and the satellite ____248____enabled China to take the lead in global ____249____ (science) and technological development and improve the strength of the country's national defense, " commented Xinhua news agency.
Many people made ____250____ (contribute) to these world-shaking events. Yu Min, a famous nuclear physicist who passed away in January at the age of 93, was one of them.
Yu was one of the leading scientists who were able to overcome difficulties in the design of the hydrogen bomb. ____251____ (know) as "the father of China's hydrogen bomb", he was presented ____252____ the Highest Science and Technology Award by President Xi Jinping in 2015. It is the nation's ____253____ (high) scientific honour.
However, Yu said the achievement belonged to the whole team.
"A man's name will disappear in time, but _____254_____will satisfy him is that he can contribute slightly to the nation's prosperity(繁荣)," said Yu, according to China Daily.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Humans take a step closer to “flying cars”
In the 1880s, the first automobile was developed, and about two decades later, the Wright brothers in North Carolina invented the first successful airplane. “Today, the world is closer to ___255___ (combine) those two concepts.” said a Japanese tech company ___256___ completed a manned test flight of a “flying car”.
The company, SkyDrive, said in ___257___ news release on Friday that it ___258___ (complete) a flight test using “the world’s first manned testing machine,” its SD-03model, an electrical vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicle. “The flight time was four minutes.” the company said.
The aircraft has one seat and operates with eight motors and two propellers (螺旋桨). It lifted about 10 ___259___ (foot) into the air and was operated by a pilot, the company said. Tomohiro Fukuzawa, SkyDrive’s chief executive, said that five years ago there were various prototypes (原型) of flying cars, usually with fixed wings. SkyDrive’s product, he said, was one of the most smallest in size and was lighter ___260___ (compare) with other designs.
___261___ (safe) is one of two challenges preventing the technology from becoming ___262___ (wide) used, said Derya Aksaray, an assistant professor of aerospace engineering and mechanics at the University of Minnesota. “Now, safe autonomous technology for eVTOL aircraft ___263___ (develop).” Aksaray said, “The other challenge is design—the vehicles should be powerful enough to carry any necessary weight, yet quiet enough to fly ___264___ undetermined low altitudes.”
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Thanks to the hard work of SpaceX, Virgin Galactic, and Blue Origin, space tourism is well on the way to becoming a ____265____ (real). Now, the Orbital Assembly Corporation (OAC) plans to give visitors a chance ____266____ (extend) their “out-of-the-world” experience by checking into a luxurious hotel in low Earth orbit. The team is currently building modules (舱) for a smaller prototype (原型) ring. The modules ____267____ (equip) in zero-gravity, using semi-automatic robotic tools made for the purpose. Once ____268____ (complete), engineers will attempt to create artificial gravity similar to that on Mars — about 40 percent that of Earth.
课文语法填空
Tu Youyou is famous around the world. She is the first Chinese female scientist ____269____ (win)a Nobel Prize. She studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre. After her ____270____ (graduate)from university, she became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. In 1969, she ____271____ (choose)to establish a team to find a cure ____272____ malaria—a disease that killed millions of people every year. It was not ____273____ easy task. They had limited resources and they did not have enough staff. Tu Youyou studied ancient Chinese medical literature and ____274____ (visit)experts in traditional Chinese medicine. Then she and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one. After hundreds of failed experiments, they ____275____ (eventual)came across a promising chemical. The medicine they discovered was artemisinin, ____276____ has now become the world’s ____277____(effective)drug for fighting malaria.
According to Tu Youyou, from their research experience in _____278_____ (discover)artemisinin, they learnt the wisdom behind both Chinese and Western medicine. And there is great potential for future advances if we integrate these two kinds of wisdom fully.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The first creature to orbit our planet was just three years old, saved from the streets of Moscow only more than a week ____279____ her historic travel. Her name was Laika. Her 1957 flight paved the way for space exploration at the time ____280____ scientists didn’t know if a space flight was deadly for living creatures.
Man is a born explorer. Since before the dawn of civilization, we’ve been trying ____281____ （go）over the horizon to find food or more space, or just to see what’s beyond those trees or mountains or oceans. Our ____282____ （able）to explore has reached new heights in the last hundred years. Airplanes could ____283____ （simple）our travel, shorten distances and show us Earth from a new angle. By the middle of the last century, we aimed even ____284____ （high）.
Laika ____285____ （follow）into orbit three years later by the first human, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. It was our first step into space. Then we turned our sights to the moon and the solar system. Manned space stations began shining brightly in the sky.
Space travel is ____286____ like that in the movies .Getting from planet to planet（or moon）across the solar system requires complex calculations ____287____ （involve）inertia（惯性）and gravity-literally, rocket science. Space is also _____288_____ （safe）. More than 20 astronauts have died, doing their job. However, that hasn’t stopped people from singing up and going into space.
参考答案：
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71．collecting 72．massive 73．what 74．written 75．a 76．To illustrate 77．will move 78．application 79．which 80．But
81．inventions 82．fastest 83．has improved 84．it 85．and 86．to buy 87．simply 88．scanning 89．choice 90．which
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215．because 216．based 217．much more conclusive 218．Although##While##Though 219．as 220．looked 221．claiming 222．instead of##rather than 223．yourself 224．including
225．arguments 226．clearly 227．that/who 228．as 229．working 230．was 231．recognized 232．to make 233．the 234．better
235．certainly 236．have proved##proved 237．i 238．from 239．the 240．companies 241．western 242．where 243．is caused 244．growing
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255．combing 256．that##which 257．a 258．had completed 259．feet 260．compared 261．Safety 262．widely 263．is being developed 264．at
265．reality 266．to extend 267．will be equipped 268．completed
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第一单元 巩固基础练习 语法填空 专项训练
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A SPECTRE is haunting workers—the rise of artificial intelligence (AI)
The fear is that smart computer programs will eliminate millions of jobs, condemning a generation to minimum-wage drudgery or ___1___ (enforce) idleness. Never mind the robots, fear the software. There is no need to be so gloomy, say Ken Goldberg of the University of California, Berkeley, and Vinod Kumar, the chief executive of Tata Communications, a unit of India’s biggest business house (which stands ___2___ (profit) from the spread of AI). They have produced a report that is much more optimistic about the outlook for ordinary employees. In many cases, it says, job satisfaction will be enhanced by the elimination of mundane tasks, giving people time to be ___3___ (creative). Their views are backed up by a survey of 120 senior executives, conducted for the report, which found that more of them (77%) thought that AI would create new roles than believed ___4___ would replace existing positions (57%; respondents could choose both options). Extra skills ___5___ be needed to cope with the new technology and more than half of the bosses are already taking steps to train their workforces. No previous technology shifts ___6___ (have) as negative effects on employment as was first feared. The authors note some well-known examples. Bar-code scanners did not eliminate the role of cashiers in America; jobs in the retail industry grew at an annual rate of more than 2% between 1980 and 2013. The arrival of automated teller machines (ATMS) spared bank employees the job of delivering cash and freed them to offer financial advice ___7___ customers. Some jobs could be made a lot easier by AI. One example is lorry-driving. Such is the fear ___8___truck drivers will be replaced by autonomous vehicles. But maneuvering a lorry around busy streets is far harder than driving down the motorway. So the driver could switch into automatic mode (and get some rest) when outside the big cities, and take over the wheel once again when ___9___ (near) the destination. The obvious analogy (类比) is with jetliners, ____10____ the pilots handle take-off and landing but turn on the computer to cruise at 35,000 feet. Using AI may prevent tired drivers from causing accidents.
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Did you ever wonder who invented Legos When you learn about the Lego story, you will be ____11____ (surprise)! Like many great inventions, the story is not just one of great idea ___12___ one of hard work and determination. The story starts off in Denmark. Ole Kirk Christiansen was a carpenter, _____13_____ was having a hard time with business. To make matters ____14____ (bad), his wife, the mother of four kids, died. To make his kids happy and look for new ways to make money, he started to make wooden toys. His sons helped him with his business. He had expected that he toys _____15_____ (sell) well but the result was disappointing.
Ole thought his toys needed a new name, so he chose the name “Lego”, ____16____ (mean) “play well” in Danish. Soon his toys became popular. Unluckily, his workshop caught a big fire one day and burned ____17____the ground. Everything was destroyed! Ole almost gave up. But he knew his kids were relying on ____18____ (they) father for food. So he started to make plastic toys. He then got the idea ____19____ (develop) a “system” of toys that would build kids’ imagination and _____20_____ (create). He made it. He decided to stop making wooden toys and centre only on the connected plastic toys. Now kids around the world enys.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has once again proved its ____21____ (able) to change the world with the “four great new inventions”: high-speed railways, electronic payments, shared bicycles and online shopping. They’re related to China’s high-tech innovation (创新), ____22____ has improved the quality of people’s lives, according to a survey ____23____ (make) by the Belt and Road Research Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University.
“My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone,” said ____24____ university student, adding that “even pancake sellers are using mobile payment.”
The bikes ____25____ (them) are not new, but the operating model of bike-sharing ____26____ (base) on satellite navigation system (卫星导航系统), mobile payment, big data and other high technologies.
China has entered a new innovative era, thanks to the large amounts of capital China has invested in ____27____ (encourage) innovation, said Bernhard Schwartlander, WHO Representative in China.
It is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas. This is especially true in mobile, where China is leading ____28____ many ways such as social messaging app WeChat, Rebacca Fannin, founder of Silicon Dragon, said. This is partly because China skipped over the PC era and went ____29____ (direct) to mobile. China has a _____30_____ (large) mobile use than any other country in the world.
阅读下面一段材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（每空一词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
This was not an easy task. The reason____31____this was difficult was that the team had____32____(limit) resources. They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory____33____they worked had poor air quality. However, after hundreds of failed____34____(experiment), they eventually____35____(come across) a promising chemical. It worked well in experiments on animals, but they had to know if it was safe for humans. Tu Youyou ____36____(brave) volunteered to be____37____ first human subject when they were ready____38____(start) testing and the rest of her team followed her. The test was a success. The medicine they discovered, artemisnin, has now become the world’s most____39____(effect) drug for____40____(fight) malaria.
语法填空
In 2015, Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize. She was the first Chinese female scientist ____41____(award) the prize for her great contributions to medicine. Tu Youyou and her team discovered artemisinin, the world’s most ____42____(effect) drug for fighting malaria. The drugs ____43____(save) the lives of millions so far. When ____44____(thank) the Committee for the honour, Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also ____45____(recognise) of and encouragement for all scientists in China.”
After graduating from Peking University Health Science Centre, Tu Youyou worked in China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and gained ____46____ deep knowledge about traditional practices. In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria. Across the world, scientists tested over 240,000 chemicals with no success. However, Tu Youyou had an idea ____47____ Chinese herbs might hold the secret. She and her team used modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.
This was not an easy work. However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they ____48____ (eventual) found a promising chemical. They tested themselves and the test was a success. The medicine they discovered was artemisinin. In 2019, Tu Youyou ____49____(select) by the BBC as one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th century. _____50_____ her age, Tu Youyou continues to conduct research.
语法填空
Leonora Buenviaje ____51____ (make) women’s clothes out of waste materials to date. She says wearing clothes made from waste materials can be both ____52____ (economy) and good-looking. To make her dresses, she uses a sewing machine to join together the waste materials. These include ____53____ (recycle) newspapers, plastic wrapping and rice.
Recycling is when something new is made from something that has been used before. The process that Buenviaje uses ____54____ (join) the materials together is called sewing. “The bubble wraps from ____55____ (deliver) packages are nice looking,” she said. Bubble wrap is ____56____ plastic product that is used to protect goods that are being delivered. She said white bubble wraps were good for making wedding dresses. The dresses are used for everything from coming-of-age parties for a woman’s 18th birthday, ____57____ weddings.
In Asia, there is plenty of waste material for Buenviaje to work with: about 80 percent of the world ocean plastic ____58____ (estimate) to come from Asian rivers.
“It’s important to recycle used materials so we can help our earth,” said Lalaine Alcalde, who buys clothes from Buenviaje. Buenviaje said her dresses were used in beauty competitions and ____59____ she got delighted whenever they won. “The designs are simple _____60_____ they still win,” she said.
语法填空
Science at school and at work
Concern has been expressed about a relative lack of interest in science as a school subject or future career. This report focuses___61___the views of students and puts forward suggestions for improving the image of science.
The vast majority of students who choose science subjects feel they have made the right decision. They enjoy___62___(conduct) experiments in the well-equipped laboratories and appreciate the fact___63___the teaching staff are more highly qualified than those in arts subjects. In consequence, science students believe they are learning in a more___64___(stimulate) environment.
Unfortunately, however, some students think twice before choosing sciences,____65____their reputation as comparatively difficult subjects that involve memorizing facts and figures. Moreover, the sciences are believed to be subjects___66___high marks are harder to obtain.
In addition, science has a serious image problem. Many are discouraged by the so-called lack of glamour of science as a profession, by film stereotypes(典型形象) of mad professors and computer geeks, and by the suspicion with___67___the media often treat scientific research, for instance concerning genetically modified(转基因) food.
To create a more positive impression___68___science, students should be invited to participate in Science Fair projects, scientific work experience programmes and virtual Open Days at university science faculty. They should also___69___(make) aware of the benefits of studying science, such as developing thinking skills, discovering____70____things work and -- one day -- finding real solutions to real problems.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词括号内单词的正确形式。
Many Greek philosophers were at the same time scientists. Thus Plato was a mathematician and Aristotle contributed to zoology. Aristotle, indeed, started methodical research, patiently ____71____ (collect) material and laying ____72____ (mass) foundations (基础) for modern science. Before Plato and Aristotle, there had been scientist-philosophers. After them, Greek science made further advances. Two men may be mentioned for ____73____ they did to push science forward. Both lived in the 3rd century B．C．
Euclid is even now well-known for his Elemerits, a textbook of geometry (几何学) , perhaps the most successful textbook ever ____74____ (write), because it was in use in English schools until the early years of the 20th century.
Archimedes did important work not only in geometry, but also in arithmetic(算术), mechanic and hydro-static (静水力学). He discovered that when ____75____ body is immersed in water, its loss of weight is equal to the weight of the water displaced (排水). He invented machines which greatly helped his native city against the Romans. ____76____ (illustrate) the principle of the lever (杠杆), he is said to tell the king: “Give me a place to stand, and I ____77____ (move) the world.”
Greek science did not neglect ____78____ (apply). Mathematics, the purest of science was applied in at least five fields. Greek scientists collected a wealth of material and tried to find the proper method of doing scientific work. As a result, they were able to deduce (推断) theories and built up systems, ____79____ had a great influence on later scientists.
_____80_____ they failed to create conditions for the continuous growth of science. It is there that great changes began in the 17th and 18th centuries and it is this that set off modern from ancient science.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has once again showed its ability to change the world with its “four great new ___81___(invent)”—high-speed rail, electronic payment, shared bicycle, and online shopping.
China’s new-generation high-speed train, the Fuxing Hao, is now one of the ___82___(fast) trains in the world, which can travel at a speed of 350 km/h. Besides high-speed rail, China ___83___ (improve) people’s lives in many other innovative ways over the last decade.
Bike sharing, for example, is not new itself. But China has made ___84___much more convenient and popular both in China ___85___overseas. The leading Chinese bike sharing companies Mobike and Ofo are now operating in foreign countries such as Singapore and Britain.
And back in China, when riding a shared bike, you can stop ___86___ (buy) and eat whatever you want ___87___ (simple) with a tap on your phone. You could easily pay with your smartphone by ___88___(scan) the seller’s QR code. Cashless payment has grown into a ___89___(choose) for Chinese people — even a pancake seller is using Alipay.
As for Alipay, it was designed to serve the online shopping at first, ____90____ is now the most ways to make purchases in China. You can buy anything you need without leaving your homes.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Humans take a step closer to “flying cars”
In the 1880s, the first automobile was developed, and about two decades later, the Wright brothers in North Carolina invented the first successful airplane. “Today, the world is closer to ___91___ (combine) those two concepts.” said a Japanese tech company ___92___ completed a manned test flight of a “flying car”.
The company, SkyDrive, said in a news release on Friday that it ___93___ (complete) a flight test using “the world’s first manned testing machine,” its SD-03 model, ___94___ electrical vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicle. “The flight time was four minutes.” the company said.
The aircraft has one seat and operates with eight motors and two propellers (螺旋桨). It lifted about 10 ___95___ (foot) into the air and was operated by a pilot, the company said. Tomohiro Fukuzawa, SkyDrive’s chief executive, said that five years ago there were various prototypes (原型) of flying cars, usually with fixed wings. SkyDrive’s product, he said, was one of the most smallest in size and was lighter ___96___ (compare) with other designs.
___97___ (safe) is one of two challenges preventing the technology from becoming ___98___ (wide) used, said Derya Aksaray, an assistant professor of aerospace engineering and mechanics at the University of Minnesota. “Now, safe autonomous technology for eVTOL aircraft ___99___ (develop).” Aksaray said, “The other challenge is design—the vehicles should be powerful enough to carry any necessary weight, yet quiet enough to fly ____100____ undetermined low altitudes.”
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Many of our beliefs about the universe are based on inductive reasoning, also known as the ____101____ (science) model. This means of arriving at the truth requires the observation of concrete events ____102____ (follow) by the development of a theory to explain ____103____ has been observed. In other words, it is a way to proceed from the particular to the general, from the specific to the abstract. However, it is in the nature of scientists to inquire ____104____ every possibility, and this means they often discover things no one has ever seen or noticed before. Our generalized theories therefore never cease to change.
In fact, most of our new knowledge ____105____ (gain) by the observation of things we have never seen before. Before the first black swan was seen, the assumption was that all swans were white,____106____ is known as the “black swan theory”. How could we have known otherwise There will always be “unknown unknowns” such as black swans, ____107____ some people criticize those who dare to suggest their ____108____ (exist). We should always be objective and question what we think we know.
The world in the future is bound to be different from now. ____109____ much we understand, there will always be _____110_____ remote possibility of discovering “a black swan”. Accordingly, our comprehension of the world will change. Therefore, we should keep up with new developments in all domains of knowledge —“black swans” can change history.
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William Campbell, Satoshi ōmura and Tu Youyou jointly won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work against parasitic diseases. 85-year-old Tu ____111____（award）this prize for her contribution to___112___（reduce）the death rate of malaria（疟疾）, minimizing patients" suffering and promoting mankind's health. This is ____113____science is all about.
As a matter of fact, Tu has won some attention when she ____114____（get）the Lasker Award in 2011. But there is no way to compare her popularity ___115___the attention she is receiving today. As the first Chinese mainland Nobel Prize Winner of the ___116___（nature）science award, Tu's winning ___117___（complete）surprised Chinese people, who had long been wondering when the first Chinese Nobel laureate in natural science would appear.
Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to win a Nobel Prize for work ____118____（carry）out within China. She has spent 40 years’ time on scientific research. Although the Nobel Prize did not come to her until four decades later, it is definitely one of ____119____most privileged rewards that recognize Tu's_____120_____（devote）and perseverance in discovering artemisinin（青蒿素）. Her record-breaking winning is a reminder that science is never about instant success. There is no way to measure how much you spend on scientific research and compare it with how much reward you get.
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AI can make our dreams __121__ (come)true, one aim of __122__ is to develop computer intelligence. Deep-learning Al has been developed and it can imitate the complex networks of the human brain. In fact, AI technology developed very slowly for a long time. A major breakthrough in AI came in 1997, __123__ Deep Blue beat the world chess champion. Then in 2017, AlphaGo defeated the best human Go player.
Nowadays, AI __124__ (apply)in many fields for it has __125__ unlimited number of applications. In short, AI has transformed the way __126__ we live. Machines with AI have become more and more intelligent. We should make the machines work to our advantage, and make sure that they don’t threaten the __127__ (exist) of humans. We should also think about the dangers __128__ (pose) by the advances in AI. We need to be sure that we will not fall victim __129__ AI, and we must be careful ___130___ we wish for.
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A white telephone booth (电话亭), known as the Phone of the Wind, ___131___(sit) in a garden on top of a hill. Though ___132___(disconnect), the phone serves a surprising purpose: helping people speak out what they feel embarrassed to say in front of others.
___133___(think) about the idea for a long time, Sasaki finally built the booth. “My thoughts can’t be relayed over a regular phone line, so I want them ____134____(carry) on the wind. I hope others can also express their feelings in the same way.”
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Distinguished scientist Lu Yuanju（陆元九）, 101, has urged China's scientists, researchers, engineers and technicians ___135___ （make）full use of their talents to contribute to the motherland and her people.
"People in my generation ___136___ （study）under enemy bombing and built our country from ruins," he said at his home in Beijing ___137___ （late）. "My comrades（同事）and I spent our ___138___ （young）in sending our country's rockets and satellites into space. Our successors have managed to place spacecraft on the moon and Mars, ___139___ （accomplish）our country's thousand-year dreams of exploring the universe. I am very ___140___ （hope）that our younger scientists, researchers, engineers and technicians can see their work ___141___ a long-distance race, stay true to their missions, and use all their passion and energy to advance the nation's science and technology."
One of the founders of China's space industry, Lu played ___142___ important role in the design and construction of the country's first satellite ___143___ was lifted into orbit in April 1970.
In recognition of his service and contribution to China, Lu ___144___ （award）the July 1 Medal.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
James Watt, born in Scotland in 1736, was an engineer, scientist and ____145____ (invent). As a child he was gifted in the areas of maths and science.
One day when he was 12 years old, he sat in his family kitchen, ____146____ (watch) a kettle boiling water. As the water boiled, the steam made the top of the kettle bounce ____147____ and down. He thought deeply about what was happening, as steam was only water ____148____ seemed to be powerful enough to lift a kettle top. He reflected ____149____ (far) on the process, estimating how much more power could ____150____ (create) by a large amount of water. Later he experimented with steam and eventually developed the steam engine. This was ____151____ great success in improving the Newcomen steam engine, ____152____ was commonly used at the time.
Watt’s invention changed the course of human history. Steam engines helped to power factories that started the Industrial Revolution. With this ____153____ (come) new types of jobs and the availability of new products at lower costs. In the area of transportation, steam engines were used _____154_____ (power) trains and boats, helping people to travel greater distance in much shorter times.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dear Dad，
On this date of your 50th birthday，Mom gave me the letter you wrote to me when I was born 18 years ago.In your letter，you ____155____ (wish) me to be strongminded and successful.You were looking forward to ____156____(see) me fight for my future bravely and do well for ____157____(me) and others.
After reading this letter，I feel quite ____158____(shock) at your ____159____(expect) on me.I also feel shamed of not having performed well ____160____ (meet) your demand.I still remember when I was in primary school，I failed to apply myself to studying.I was addicted to computer games.As a consequence，I soon became the last one in my class.You didn't abuse me at all.___161___ the contrary，you taught me that studying was the most important object at the moment and encouraged me to study hard.Only ____162____ I read your letter did I realize that I behaved so badly at that time and you were so sad to see I didn't do well for myself.
I can't help expressing my gratitude and sending my best wishes to you.Wish you ____163____ (health) and happy.I promise that I will spare no effort to satisfy your demand of being ____164____brave and successful person.
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I feel so ___165___ (bless) to be alive in such a beautiful and wide place. Nothing can be ___166___ (good) than breathing the fresh air and enjoying the adventure of ___167___ (hike) over the difficult land to the other side of the valley.
Body language ___168___ (vary) from culture to culture. For example, making eye contact is a way to display interest while in other countries, it is not always approved ___169___. On the other hand, some gestures seem ___170___ (have) the same meaning everywhere. ___171___, a good knowledge of body language is a must for better communication.
___172___ impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfill his dream. He succeed in producing a rice ___173___ could feed more people at home and abroad. His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a _____174_____ (real). Everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next.
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It was estimated that around 1.2 million tons of artificial snow were produced for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics ___175___ (hold) in February this year. Previous games had seen people using artificial snow to create the ___176___ (condition) needed to host the competitions. Undoubtedly, this was another major use of technological advancements in sports.
The first time people used artificial snow to host a competition ___177___ (be) back in 1980. The 2014 Sochi Olympics used 80% artificial snow, ___178___ later rose to 90% at the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. However, this year’s competition had 100% artificial snow made for the Games.
The two snowboarding venues were Yanqing and Zhangjiakou, A nearly reservoir (水库) was the direct resource center for making snow. Water mist was sprayed ___179___ the air ,which was then crystallized (结晶) the snow with the ___180___ (freeze) air temperature. Ships from ___181___ Italy company delivered the equipment back in 2019 as they did not want any delay.
However, with huge amounts of water to use, it raised different ___182___ (environment) concerns. Accordingly different measures ___183___ (introduce) to solve these issues. This game adopted water ____184____ (conserve) and used other recycling materials to ensure the ecosystem was well protected. This was a great approach, as sporting fans could enjoy such a great Olympics.
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In mid-September in 2022, to honor the 110th anniversary of the birth of nuclear physicist Wu Chien-shiung, ____185____ global online conference was held to mark this anniversary. Compared with physicists such as Marie Curie, Wu is not a household name in China or in the United States, ____186____ she was one of the most influential nuclear physicists of the 20th century.
Wu was born on May 31, 1912, in Liuhe town, Taicang, ____187____ the Yangtze River flows into the East Sea. Wu’s father, Wu Zhongyi, received a modern ____188____ (educate) in Shanghai, and in 1913, ____189____ (found) the first school for girls in Taicang. He aimed ____190____ (break) the old sexist advocacy that it was women’s virtue to have no talents.
The father, absorbing the merits of Western ideas while bearing the great thoughts rooted deep in Chinese culture in mind, had the most profound influence ____191____ Wu Chien-shiung’s life. She spent most of her life in the US, but always wore qipao. Working in the scientific world dominated by men, she never gave up or lowered her standards even if ____192____ (unequal) treated.
During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wu’s great ____193____ (achievement) won her nicknames such as “Chinese Madame Curie”. She was the first woman to be president of American Physical Society, and the first female winner of the Comstock Prize in physics ____194____ (give) by the US National Academy of Sciences.
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Future Inventions
Everyone has their favourite invention. Some of us even make lists of them. One survey, which asked for Britain’s greatest invention, named the bicycle, which received twice as many votes as the World Wide Web. That’s the past, but what about the future What inventions ____195____ (shape) our lives J.B．S. Haldane, a British scientist and not one of life’s optimists, once made his prediction for the future. He said that ____196____ hadn’t happened would happen and no one would be safe from it. Whether you agree or not, one thing is ____197____ doubt: human beings need to invent a few things pretty quickly. Here is our own list:
Number one is a new source of power. Oil is running out. A teenager, in a recent letter to a newspaper, wrote that it would take over a hundred years ____198____ (produce) fresh oil. He was wrong by a few million years. Once our oil is gone, it’s gone forever. We have about fifty years’ worth left, and even less ____199____ rates of industrialisation speed up. At a recent conference about the world’s future, scientist Hilary Craft said we had already found the answer: solar power. She said we could expect enormous mirrors in the sky ____200____ would reflect sunlight and provide the world’s electricity.
Number two on our list is a waste processor. Throughout most of history, the rubbish ____201____ (throw) out the back door. If the jungle didn’t swallow it, wild animals would get it. Once the jungles disappeared, we started burying our waste underground or dumping it into the sea. Now we’re running out of space. If we want to avoid ____202____ (destroy) the Earth, we’d better find a way to recycle more effectively. An inventor, Clara Petrovic, said she was working on equipment that would have waste ____203____ (turn) into bricks and other building material.
Finally, medicine. In the past, a cold killed you. Now we are examining people’s genes for signs of future illness. ____204____ (find) the disease early enough and you can prevent it. Glen Hiemstra of recently claimed that somewhere on Planet Earth there is a young child who will be the first person to live forever.
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China’s BeiDou Navigation Satellite System ( BDS) has functioned effectively in the country’s flood-control operations，and has helped the country fight against floods, ____205____ (assist) in early warning and resident transfer (移民 ). Based on its ground stations and constellation (星座), the BDS system can provide centimeter-level and millimeter-level ____206____ (accurate) in real-time processing and post-processing. Debris flow (泥石流）can ____207____ (predict) through real-time danger monitoring to gain time for people to escape and rescue, which ____208____ (ensure) the safety of people’s lives and property.
____209____ function of the BDS system is short message communication, allowing users to send messages without the support of a mobile network. The BDS system can also aid international search and rescue with its bidirectional communication service. Ships in need ____210____ rescue can receive a reply from the ground station after sending a signal that is suffering and ____211____ (much) advanced than before.
China will attempt to provide legal and policy (政策) ____212____ (guarantee) and create a sound, open environment for the development of the BDS system. It is believed ____213____ the combination of BDS with _____214_____ (develop) technologies, including 5G, mobile communications and big data, will be further promoted to create new business models and growth points.
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Surprising Facts About At-Home DNA Tests
If you send your DNA to two different companies to find out about your ancestry, you may end up with two different results. That's _____215_____ there’s no certification required for DNA-testing companies. They may get the basic idea correct — that you are a little less than half northern European, for example, but when they say you’re 30 percent from here and 60 percent from there, it’s a statistical guess _____216_____(base) on their own database and method.
Your results will be less precise if you're not a native. The more people from your ancestral region in a company’s database are, the more accurate your results will be.
You can find out your risk of diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer’s from an at-home DNA test kit, but a laboratory authorized (授权) to do medical testing will give you _____217_____(conclusive) results.
The results of your genetic testing could affect your ability to get insurance. _____218_____ federal law prohibits health insurers from denying coverage based on genetic test results, the law does not apply to life, disability, and long-term-care insurance.
Law-enforcement agencies are increasingly using family tree DNA databases to solve crimes, _____219_____was done in the arrest of a former police officer accused of being the Golden State Killer. California detectives took the DNA results from various crime scenes, _____220_____(look) for partial matches on a public genealogy database, and eventually found their man.
The market is also exploding with companies _____221_____ (claim) they can pinpoint the right product — for your skin or your waistline, for instance — based on a DNA test. But consider them entertainment ____222____ real science, Greely says. A study found that diets based on genetic tests didn't help people lose weight.
Still, DNA tests can answer questions you've had about _____223_____ — and ones you didn’t know to ask. For example, for an additional cost, 23 and Me will include your results on more than 25 individual traits, _______224_______being a morning person.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Who invented the ATM There have been _225_ (argue) for years over who should officially go down in history as “the inventor of the ATM”. Now the UK government is _226_ (clear) saying it was James Goodfellow _227_ invented the ATM.
Back in the mid-1960s, James Goodfellow was working _228_ a development engineer for Glasgow firm Kelvin Hughes, and had been charged with inventing a way to enable customers to withdraw (取) cash from banks when Saturday opening ended. “Most people _229_ (work) during the week couldn’t get to the bank. They wanted a solution. The solution _230_ (be) a machine which would issue cash on demand to a _231_ (recognize) customer, ” he said. “I set out to develop a cash-issuing machine, and _232_ (make) this a reality, I invented the pin (personal identification number) and an associated coded token (代币).”
The cash machine has become a world-conquering piece of technology. There are now 3 million ATMs worldwide, with _233_ number forecast to hit 4 million by 2020. The good news for Goodfellow is that people are beginning to know him for his invention. Even _234_ (good) for him, the Home Office has now officially recognized his other achievement.
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One of the biggest misunderstandings about China’s tech market is that China is all about copying ideas. But if that ever was the case, it ____235____ ( certain) isn’t now. China’s entrepreneurs（企业家）____236____ (prove) that they can innovate（创新）. In fact,they’ve become so good at ____237____ that the West is now copying their ideas.
Here are a few examples. Facebook borrowed some ideas ____238____ China’s popular messaging app—Wechat when ____239____ US social media giant Facebook introduced group chats and private messaging. In bike-sharing, a similar transfer occurred. LimeBike copied one of China’s major bike-sharing ____240____ (company), Mobike.
China gained an advantage by being able to leapfrog（超越）some older ____241____ ( west) technologies and go straight to new tech such as QR codes, electric vehicles, high-speed trains, mobile payment, and super apps that combine all these functions. We are entering a new stage ____242____ separate universes are being created. This ____243____ (cause) by China’s fast rise, and a ____244____ (grow) gap between the US and China on technology innovations that matter for the future.
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China successfully exploded its first atomic bomb on Oct. 16, 1964, ____245____(shock) the rest of the world. It ____246____ (follow) by the successful explosion of a hydrogen (氢)bomb in 1967. Later, a satellite with a recording of the tune of Dongfanghong declared to the world that China ____247____ (master) the satellite technology.
" It was the bombs and the satellite ____248____enabled China to take the lead in global ____249____ (science) and technological development and improve the strength of the country's national defense, " commented Xinhua news agency.
Many people made ____250____ (contribute) to these world-shaking events. Yu Min, a famous nuclear physicist who passed away in January at the age of 93, was one of them.
Yu was one of the leading scientists who were able to overcome difficulties in the design of the hydrogen bomb. ____251____ (know) as "the father of China's hydrogen bomb", he was presented ____252____ the Highest Science and Technology Award by President Xi Jinping in 2015. It is the nation's ____253____ (high) scientific honour.
However, Yu said the achievement belonged to the whole team.
"A man's name will disappear in time, but _____254_____will satisfy him is that he can contribute slightly to the nation's prosperity(繁荣)," said Yu, according to China Daily.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Humans take a step closer to “flying cars”
In the 1880s, the first automobile was developed, and about two decades later, the Wright brothers in North Carolina invented the first successful airplane. “Today, the world is closer to ___255___ (combine) those two concepts.” said a Japanese tech company ___256___ completed a manned test flight of a “flying car”.
The company, SkyDrive, said in ___257___ news release on Friday that it ___258___ (complete) a flight test using “the world’s first manned testing machine,” its SD-03model, an electrical vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicle. “The flight time was four minutes.” the company said.
The aircraft has one seat and operates with eight motors and two propellers (螺旋桨). It lifted about 10 ___259___ (foot) into the air and was operated by a pilot, the company said. Tomohiro Fukuzawa, SkyDrive’s chief executive, said that five years ago there were various prototypes (原型) of flying cars, usually with fixed wings. SkyDrive’s product, he said, was one of the most smallest in size and was lighter ___260___ (compare) with other designs.
___261___ (safe) is one of two challenges preventing the technology from becoming ___262___ (wide) used, said Derya Aksaray, an assistant professor of aerospace engineering and mechanics at the University of Minnesota. “Now, safe autonomous technology for eVTOL aircraft ___263___ (develop).” Aksaray said, “The other challenge is design—the vehicles should be powerful enough to carry any necessary weight, yet quiet enough to fly ___264___ undetermined low altitudes.”
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Thanks to the hard work of SpaceX, Virgin Galactic, and Blue Origin, space tourism is well on the way to becoming a ____265____ (real). Now, the Orbital Assembly Corporation (OAC) plans to give visitors a chance ____266____ (extend) their “out-of-the-world” experience by checking into a luxurious hotel in low Earth orbit. The team is currently building modules (舱) for a smaller prototype (原型) ring. The modules ____267____ (equip) in zero-gravity, using semi-automatic robotic tools made for the purpose. Once ____268____ (complete), engineers will attempt to create artificial gravity similar to that on Mars — about 40 percent that of Earth.
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Tu Youyou is famous around the world. She is the first Chinese female scientist ____269____ (win)a Nobel Prize. She studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre. After her ____270____ (graduate)from university, she became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. In 1969, she ____271____ (choose)to establish a team to find a cure ____272____ malaria—a disease that killed millions of people every year. It was not ____273____ easy task. They had limited resources and they did not have enough staff. Tu Youyou studied ancient Chinese medical literature and ____274____ (visit)experts in traditional Chinese medicine. Then she and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one. After hundreds of failed experiments, they ____275____ (eventual)came across a promising chemical. The medicine they discovered was artemisinin, ____276____ has now become the world’s ____277____(effective)drug for fighting malaria.
According to Tu Youyou, from their research experience in _____278_____ (discover)artemisinin, they learnt the wisdom behind both Chinese and Western medicine. And there is great potential for future advances if we integrate these two kinds of wisdom fully.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The first creature to orbit our planet was just three years old, saved from the streets of Moscow only more than a week ____279____ her historic travel. Her name was Laika. Her 1957 flight paved the way for space exploration at the time ____280____ scientists didn’t know if a space flight was deadly for living creatures.
Man is a born explorer. Since before the dawn of civilization, we’ve been trying ____281____ （go）over the horizon to find food or more space, or just to see what’s beyond those trees or mountains or oceans. Our ____282____ （able）to explore has reached new heights in the last hundred years. Airplanes could ____283____ （simple）our travel, shorten distances and show us Earth from a new angle. By the middle of the last century, we aimed even ____284____ （high）.
Laika ____285____ （follow）into orbit three years later by the first human, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. It was our first step into space. Then we turned our sights to the moon and the solar system. Manned space stations began shining brightly in the sky.
Space travel is ____286____ like that in the movies .Getting from planet to planet（or moon）across the solar system requires complex calculations ____287____ （involve）inertia（惯性）and gravity-literally, rocket science. Space is also _____288_____ （safe）. More than 20 astronauts have died, doing their job. However, that hasn’t stopped people from singing up and going into space.
参考答案：
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11．surprised 12．but 13．who 14．worse 15．would sell 16．meaning 17．to 18．their 19．to develop 20．creativity
21．ability 22．which 23．made 24．a 25．themselves 26．is based 27．encouraging 28．in 29．directly 30．larger
31．why 32．limited 33．where
34．experiments 35．came across 36．bravely 37．the 38．to start 39．effective 40．fighting
41．to be awarded 42．effective 43．have saved 44．thanking 45．recognition 46．a 47．that 48．eventually 49．was selected 50．Despite
51．has been making## has made 52．economical 53．recycled 54．to join 55．delivery 56．a 57．to 58．is estimated 59．that 60．but
61．on 62．conducting 63．that 64．stimulating 65．owing to/because of/due to 66．where 67．which 68．of 69．be made 70．how
71．collecting 72．massive 73．what 74．written 75．a 76．To illustrate 77．will move 78．application 79．which 80．But
81．inventions 82．fastest 83．has improved 84．it 85．and 86．to buy 87．simply 88．scanning 89．choice 90．which
91．combining 92．that##which 93．had completed 94．an 95．feet 96．compared 97．Safety 98．widely 99．is being developed 100．at
101．scientific 102．followed 103．what 104．into 105．is gained 106．which 107．though 108．existence 109．However 110．a
111．was awarded 112．reducing 113．what 114．got 115．to 116．natural 117．completely 118．carried 119．the 120．devotion
121．come 122．which 123．when 124．is being applied 125．an 126．that 127．existence 128．posed 129．to 130．what
131．sits 132．disconnected 133．Having thought 134．to be carried
135．to make 136．studied 137．lately 138．youth 139．accomplishing 140．hopeful 141．as 142．an 143．that 144．was awarded
145．inventor 146．watching 147．up 148．but 149．further 150．be created 151．a 152．which 153．came 154．to power
155．wished 156．seeing 157．myself 158．shocked 159．expectation 160．to meet 161．On 162．when 163．healthy 164．a
165．blessed 166．better 167．hiking 168．varies 169．of 170．to have 171．Therefore##Thus 172．What 173．that##which 174．reality
175．held 176．conditions 177．was 178．which 179．into 180．freezing 181．an 182．environmental 183．were introduced 184．conservation
185．a 186．but 187．where 188．education 189．founded 190．to break 191．on 192．unequally 193．achievements 194．given
195．will shape 196．whatever 197．without##beyond 198．to produce 199．if 200．that##which 201．was thrown 202．destroying 203．turned 204．Find
205．assisting 206．accuracy 207．be predicted 208．ensures 209．Another 210．of 211．more 212．guarantees 213．that 214．developed
215．because 216．based 217．much more conclusive 218．Although##While##Though 219．as 220．looked 221．claiming 222．instead of##rather than 223．yourself 224．including
225．arguments 226．clearly 227．that/who 228．as 229．working 230．was 231．recognized 232．to make 233．the 234．better
235．certainly 236．have proved##proved 237．i 238．from 239．the 240．companies 241．western 242．where 243．is caused 244．growing
245．shocking 246．was followed 247．had mastered 248．that 249．scientific 250．contributions 251．Known 252．with 253．highest 254．what
255．combing 256．that##which 257．a 258．had completed 259．feet 260．compared 261．Safety 262．widely 263．is being developed 264．at
265．reality 266．to extend 267．will be equipped 268．completed
269．to win 270．graduation 271．was chosen 272．for 273．an 274．visited 275．eventually 276．which 277．most effective 278．discovering
279．before 280．when 281．to go 282．ability 283．simplify 284．higher 285．was followed 286．nothing##not 287．involving 288．unsafe