人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection巩固基础练习 语法填空 专项训练 （含答案）

高中英语 选择性必修三（人教2019版）
第三单元 巩固基础练习 语法填空 专项训练
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Rising sea levels are threatening coastlines in China, for example in ____1____ (city) such as Shanghai, Tianjin and Guangzhou. If sea levels rise by one meter, more than 92,000 square kilometers of China’s coast could be flooded. This could potentially force 67 million people ____2____ (move) away. Almost two-thirds of the ice in Asia’s glaciers (冰川) could disappear if average global temperature rises beyond 1.5℃ by the end of the century. If that happens, the impacts ____3____ China will be felt in multiple areas, from water availability, to agriculture, and to biodiversity.
The good news is ____4____ China is becoming a global leader on climate action. For example, over the last five years, China ____5____ (use) more solar and wind energy than any other country in the world. China is also the largest clean energy investor in the world — ____6____ (spend) some $130 billion in new energy in recent years.
The development of electric vehicles is particularly ____7____ (inspire) in China. More than 50 percent of electric vehicles in the world ____8____ (sell) in China every year. And China is now a world leader in the ____9____ (promote) of clean energy technologies.
Ecological civilization has become the cornerstone (基石) of China’s long-term development strategy, much like climate action is _____10_____ important part of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.
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Many years ago in a small village, an old man____11____ (hire) to clear the spring (泉水) up on the mountain. He patrolled (巡逻) the spring every day, and swept away all the leaves and other things that would dirty the fresh flow of water. Soon, beautiful swans (天鹅) came to the clear spring and with time ____12____ (go) on, the village became a popular____13____ (attract) for visitors.
Years passed. One evening the town leaders thought ____14____ unnecessary to keep this old man on year after year and so the old man was asked to leave.
For several weeks, nothing changed. By early autumn, the leaves began to fall ____15____ the trees, and the spring was covered with leaves. A few days later, the water was much ____16____(dark). Only a few months after the old man left, all the swans left, as did the tourists. Disease reached deeply into the village.
Quickly, the leaders held a special meeting. Realizing their decision to fire the man was not ____17____(reason), they rehired the old man. Since then, the village ____18____(enjoy) great popularity among the tourist.
So, ____19____ your work or your life seems to be small, never overlook it. Anything we can do will make ____20____difference
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Today, we buy more clothing ___21___ we did 20 years ago. Fast fashion causes 13.1 million tons of clothes to be thrown away each year, and only 15% are recycled. That’s a lot of waste if you take into ___22___ (consider) the fact that 700 gallons (加仑) of water ___23___ (use) to produce one T-shirt. What can you do about that Use the principle “less is more”.
Fast fashion clothing is designed to fall apart fast, ___24___ means that you’ll need more soon. In the long run, it’s cheaper to buy fewer clothes of higher quality. Besides, more and more ___25___ (store) have recycling programs, ___26___ (make) it easy to get rid of unwanted items responsibly.
Businesses can be environmental-friendly, too. For example, an online clothing store promises ___27___ (contribute) 5% of its income to ___28___ organization which protects elephants in Africa. ___29___ (actual), shopping in such similar businesses is certainly an ____30____ (amaze) way to be in harmony with nature. It creates a win-win situation where you can buy things you love, and at the same time, the environment has been improved because of your effort.
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Canadians are extremely enthusiastic about renewable energy, and public opinion is ____31____ (clear) moving towards a clean energy vision for the future. But when you look at the latest polls, there are still some major obstacles to aggressive climate action.
You’ve probably heard that most Canadians want governments to do more on climate. That’s what two-thirds of the public tell pollsters when ____32____ (ask). But the same two-thirds will tell you they’re pretty satisfied and think Canada is doing a decent job dealing ____33____ climate change.
It’s not because Canadians aren’t worried. Three quarters of the public are concerned and the level of worry is rising — half of us now describe climate change as a “very serious threat.” But most people think we’re already pulling ____34____ (we) weight. Just 25 percent of Canadians think we’re doing less than our “fair share.”
One of the really ____35____ (worry) trends in public opinion is the number of people who think tackling climate change is already a lost cause. About half the public think we won’t be able to limit climate impacts “before it’s too late.” Just 35 percent have ____36____ (confident) in governments creating policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
And another big obstacle is ____37____ the majority doesn’t yet have a mental picture of the possible pathways forward. ____38____ there is good news in the latest public research. Canadians’ vision of the future is shifting rapidly. There is ____39____ (mass) support for renewable energy, across all demographics and across party lines. Meanwhile, support for fossil fuel expansion _____40_____ (decrease).
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Scientists have found that air pollution may lead to a reduction in intelligence. Research ___41___(make) by the World Health Organization showed that air pollution was connected with notable falls in student test scores. The study is called “The impact of exposure to air pollution on performance”. It ___42___ (publish) in a journal. The study took place over a period of four years. Researchers said tests were taken by 20,000 people of all ages. They said, “Polluted air may influence ability and ___43___ (perform).”
Researchers say their study is ___44___warning to the rest of the world, ___45___(especial) to those ___46___live in cities. The WHO says over 91 per cent of the world’s population live in areas with harmful air. Air pollution is currently the fourth ___47___ (high) cause of deaths worldwide. The researchers discovered that the longer people were exposed to ___48___(pollute) air, the greater the damage to their intelligence was. They equated the influence of air pollution to losing a year’s worth of education. For those aged over 60, this could be the several years of lost education. Researcher Dr. Xi Chen warned, “There is no shortcut ___49___(solve) this issue. Governments really need to take practical _____50_____(measure) to reduce air pollution.”
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A new United Nations climate report predicts Africa’s rare glaciers ____51____ ( disappear ) in the next 20 years. ____52____ report, called State of the Climate in Africa, ____53____ ( release ) last Tuesday by the UN’s World Meteorological Organization ( WMO ) and other agencies.
The report warns that the melting glaciers at Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Kenya’s Mount Kenya and the Rwenzori Mountains in Uganda ____54____ ( be ) signs of widespread climate change to come. Data shows ____55____ ( temperature ) on the continent were 0.86 degrees Celsius ____56____ ( high ) than the average in the 30 years leading up to 2010.
Petteri Talas, Secretary-General of the WMO, said “ Massive displacement, hunger and increasing climate events such ____57____ droughts and flooding are likely ____58____ ( continue ). ”
It also came as African countries are demanding a new system to follow financing from ____59____ ( wealth ) nations that are failing to meet a $100 billion yearly target to help the developing world fight climate change. The demand shows the tensions ____60____ exist over climate change policies between the world’s 20 largest economies and developing nations.
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COP26, known as “Conferences of the Parties”, was the latest in a series of ___61___ (meeting) bringing together governments to protect the environment. Its main goal was to take measures ___62___ climate change—long—term changes in world weather patterns that are linked to human activities including farming, industry and transport. Gases such as carbon dioxide, ___63___ are produced by these activities, trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere and cause temperatures to rise, ___64___ (lead) to extreme floods, heatwaves and storms.
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Scientists in Antarctica have made a surprising and welcome ____65____ (discover) — the world’s largest breeding ground for fish. Researchers from Germany came across the fish while ____66____ (make) a map of the seabed of the Antarctic Weddell Sea. They found around 60 million ice-fish breeding in an area about 240 square kilometers. The research team had been setting down a number of ____67____ (camera) to a depth of 530 meters under the Wed-dell Sea for months. “Such a huge breeding area of ice-fish in the Weddell Sea was ____68____ (previous) undiscovered, and it is totally attractive,” said Autun Purser, ____69____ deep-sea biologist.
The researchers have been exploring the region hoping ____70____ (establish) it as an official Marine Protected Area. They say the seas are a unique habitat that must ____71____ (preserve). They want to keep fishing and some other scientific research from ____72____ (pollute) the waters. A recent University of Cambridge study found that fishing in Antarctica is bringing millions of other species from 1,500 ports around the globe, ____73____ are threatening the area’s special eco-system. Antun said, “So far, the remoteness and difficult sea-ice conditions of Antarctica have protected it, but we must keep _____74_____ mind that we should be very careful with oceanic conservation.”
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With the development of science and technology, our life is becoming much better and more convenient. However, more garbage and pollution____75____(produce) at the same time, which____76____(lay) a heavy burden on our environment.____77____is known to all, environment plays a vital role in our daily life. In response to the severe situation, we should take effective____78____(measure) to protect the planet where we coexist. It is suggested that we should sort waste____79____(relieve) the situation.
Garbage classification, which is a good way to protect our environment, can’t be overemphasized. It can help separate recyclable waste, which can be____80____(full) used to help save the resources____81____a large degree. Not only can we make our environment clean and beautiful, but also recyclable waste can be made good use of to benefit us in return.
As garbage classification is significant, we should take____82____active part in putting it into practice. It’s a must for____83____(we) to learn to sort waste. It is the little things we do today that have a profound influence on the planet. Only if all of us make joint efforts can we make a big____84____(different) and have a good environment.
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The High Temperatures in Antarctica(南极洲)
Vostok station is a Russian weather station in Antarctica. It’s famous ____85____ having the coldest temperature ever recorded on Earth:-89.2℃. But last Friday, Vostok set ____86____ new record, this time for its warmest March temperature ever: -18℃. That may not sound very warm, but it’s 15℃ warmer than average. Other areas in Antarctica were even ____87____ (hot). A nearby weather station was 37℃ higher than average. Some ____88____ (place) in Antarctica were expected to be as much as 50℃ warmer than normal.
A scientist, ____89____ studies weather in Antarctica, said the temperatures had ____90____ (complete) changed our expectations about the Antarctic climate system. At this time of year, Antarctica is losing 25 minutes of daylight every day, and should be getting colder instead of warmer.
An “atmospheric river” of warm, wet air hit Antarctica last Tuesday. This kind of weather pattern isn’t that unusual. But once it got to Antarctica, it was stopped from ____91____ (leave) by a hight pressure system, called a “pressure dome (穹顶)”. A similar pressure dome ____92____ (cause) an extreme heat wave in North America’s northwest last summer.
Scientists say that the melting (融化) from this one event isn’t likely to cause big changes. And it’s too early ____93____(say) if climate change led to this event. But scientists say they are watching carefully to see whether this is a one-time event ____94____ part of a new pattern.
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China has formally made an announcement of its first five national parks of 230, 000 from Tibet to Hainan, focusing on ___95___ (preserve) of its most valuable bio-resources.
Giant Panda National Park will surely be ___96___ hit with the swells of tourists who come yearly for some of the world’s cutest animals. ___97___ (cover) three provinces (Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu), the region is the panda’s natural habitat.
The intersection (交汇处) of Jilin and Heilongiang provinces is home to Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park, which ___98___ (set) out to protect the habitats of those two species since its start. It is the unique area ___99___ live both wild Siberian tigers and Siberian leopards.
China’s best-preserved rainforest is in Hainan, the only place in the world ___100___ (find) the Hainan black-crested gibbon(黑冠长臂猿). Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park protects the gibbons and ___101___ (they) environment.
Unlike those three, Wuyishan National Park in Fujian Province and Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau focus ___102___ (much) on preserving multiple animals than ___103___ (specific) protecting one species. They serve various rare and endangered species and conserve biodiversity.
Now, with some tourist programs ____104____ place, these parks will be a good way for tourists to truly experience the natural originality as well as expansive Chinese landscape.
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With the days____105____( grow) colder, Pasang has made preparations for the winter by purchasing____106____generous amount of natural gas to warm his home.
“In the past, we burned cattle dung (牛粪) for heating. The rooms would be covered with dust, and the sky would sometimes get gray,” said Pasang, a resident of Lhasa, capital of southwest China’s Tibet Autonomous Region.
His home was connected by natural gas pipelines seven years ago. “With the gas, my home is warmer, and we are also contributing____107____bluer skies,” he said.
Now, the signature blue skies dotted with white clouds not only give local people a breath of fresh air but are also a vital part of the region’s charm for visitors from home and abroad. The wide use of natural gas is one of the keys behind the clean air in Tibet. “In Lhasa’s case, so far natural gas____108____(adopt) for heating in more than 90 percent of its urban area,” said a local company in charge of natural gas supplies.
Amid the country’s boom of new energy vehicles (NEVs),Tibet is also popularizing NEVs while phasing out (淘汰) older cars with high pollution and high energy____109____(consume).
Electric cars are also gaining____110____(popular) for their eco-friendly features and lower costs. Penpa, another resident in Lhasa, said he and many of his friends have replaced their traditional vehicles with electric ones. “Everyone should make an effort____111____(keep) the air clear in Lhasa,” Penpa said.
Atop a mountain over 5,000 meters above sea level, the Ali observatory — more than 1,400 km from Lhasa — is still frequented by astronomy lovers____112____brave (勇敢面对) a zigzagging road to get a much____113____(close) look at the stars.
Zhou Yunhe, director of the observatory, said more than 3,100 tourists have visited the observatory since the turn of the year.
Despite the impact of COVID-19, Tibet received 36.89 million tourists in the first three_____114_____(quarter) this year, up 15.2 percent year on year, and tourism revenue surged 26.6 percent, official data showed.
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China was once the world’s biggest recipient of overseas trash. Because of a __115__ (short) of enough raw materials, China began importing solid waste in 1980. The recycling of ___116___ (import) waste helped to fill that gap. Recycling foreign trash has support the development of China’s manufacturing sector and further boosted its economy. After ___117___ (process), garbage can be turned into materials that can be used to make products, such as chairs and bags. However, importing this waste has brought ___118___ (many) risks than benefits. Waste that can’t be ___119___ (proper) used is either burned or buried, ___120___ processing recyclables also leads to rivers, air and land pollution, as well as ___121___ (vary) diseases. But from Jan 1, 2021, China will make a sweeping ban ___122___ all imports of solid waste. According to China Daily, the ban taking effect in 2021 is the final stage of policies introduced in 2017, since ___123___, the volume of foreign waste ___124___ (fall) by 68 percent, from 42 million to 13 million tons in 2019. “The victory of realizing the goal of zero imports of solid waste is in sight,” said Qiu Qiwen, from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
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Oysters, soft-bodied animals without skeletons, are important for the underwater community they share with plants, fish, and other life. They are food ____125____ crabs and other animals. As new oysters grow, they attach their shells to older ones, ____126____ (form) bigger reefs with many small spaces ____127____ other animals live. Oysters eat algae (藻类). If algae grow too fast, they can exhaust oxygen from the water—and even fish need oxygen ____128____ (breath)!
Because so many animals depend on them, oysters are called a keystone species. If a keystone species ____129____(disappear), other plants and animals may die off and not grow back.
That’s ____130____ (exact) what happened 100 years ago in New York Harbor—a group of rivers and bays around New York City. Before then, lots of oysters lived in these waters. The oysters were famous! They ____131____ (ship) to restaurants around the world. The oysters were delicious—maybe too delicious. By the early 1900s, people were eating them faster than they could grow.
The oysters were in trouble for ____132____ reason. Pollution was pouring into the waters of the growing city. The harbor became so ____133____ (pollute) that few types of animals could live in it. Since the 1970s, new laws _____134_____ (help) reduce toxic waste. Some fish started to swim through again. But oysters were still missing—until recently.
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The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, ____135____ (surround) by advancing deserts on three sides, is one of the major sources of sandstorms which threaten northern China. The region lacks water resources ____136____ faces extreme weather events. If no actions ____137____ (take), the region will face the threat of being buried by sand as no ____138____ (defend) can stop the advancing deserts and repetitive strong sandstorms.
More than four decades of efforts against desertification in Ningxia have helped develop crucial experience. Growing different trees based on different habitats is ____139____ (critic) to maintaining the forests’ quality and sustainability. In Shapotou District, Zhongwei City, wild shrubs (灌木) are planted because of the ____140____ (extreme) low groundwater. Shrubs help lower the wind speed, preventing the transportation ____141____ sands to neighboring areas. At the same time, the organisms ____142____ (live) on the shrubs gradually form biological soil coats to hold the sand firmly.
By the end of 2020, Ningxia ____143____ (grow) 510,000 hectares of forest, increasing forest coverage from 8.4 percent in 2000 to 15.8 percent. During _____144_____ “14th Five-Year Plan” period, Ningxia plans to create 96,000 hectares of forest and restore over 66,000 hectares of grassland.
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We all know the effect greenhouse gas emission is having on our planet. Most of us are doing our bit to reduce our impact ____145____ the environment, but despite our collective effort, are we doing enough ____146____(achieve) net zero by 2050
Many countries are doing their bit. They announced what further steps they were going to take at the recent COP26 summit in Glasgow. Another method is ____147____ big push towards there will be electric vehicles. To this end, taxes for car makers will be made lower, ____148____ there will be more charging points in streets.
But not all emission can be reduced to zero, so those ____149____(remain) will have to be made up for. One way to do this is to plant thousands of trees, ____150____ are good at absorbing carbon dioxide. There are other ____151____(idea) too, but ____152____ is certain is that those will cost money. Whether the UK or anyone else, reaching net zero remains to be seen. And there's some doubt about how this can be ____153____(accurate) measured anyway. But it's generally recognised that a global effort ____154____(need) to deal with climate change.
Therefore, net zero targets only make sense if every other country is moving in the same direction.
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Wang Yuheng is on a mission to protect the Antarctic. In February, after ____155____(join) Greenpeace on the Antarctic ship tour, where he came face-to-face with wildlife in the region, he returned to China with the message ____156____ the area must be protected.
Wang is one of thousands of people in China, including Olympic athletes and movie stars, who have promised support ____157____ the creation of an Antarctic protection zone. “Two things I experienced in the Antarctic Ocean left a deep ____158____(impress) on me,” Wang said. “The first was how seasick I ____159____(feel) as giant waves crashed into our ship heavily. But as I lay on my back, I thought about how the penguins can swim at 36 kilometer per hour in those icy waters, and I couldn’t help but ____160____(strike) by what a powerful animal the penguin is.”
In China, Wang became famous on the reality show “The Brain” when he amazed audiences with his ability ____161____(recognize) one in hundreds of seemingly identical objects. Now, Wang is focusing his brainpower on a task with ____162____(globe) importance—die creation of the largest protected area on Earth.
“The Antarctic is ____163____ only region in the world that has never been home to human civilization. It’s like the white space in an ink painting. We have a responsibility not to cause any _____164_____(far) damage,” Wang said.
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Leonora Buenviaje ____165____ (make) women’s clothes out of waste materials to date. She says wearing clothes made from waste materials can be both ____166____ (economy) and good-looking. To make her dresses, she uses a sewing machine to join together the waste materials. These include ____167____ (recycle) newspapers, plastic wrapping and rice.
Recycling is when something new is made from something that has been used before. The process that Buenviaje uses ____168____ (join) the materials together is called sewing. “The bubble wraps from ____169____ (deliver) packages are nice looking,” she said. Bubble wrap is ____170____ plastic product that is used to protect goods that are being delivered. She said white bubble wraps were good for making wedding dresses. The dresses are used for everything from coming-of-age parties for a woman’s 18th birthday, ____171____ weddings.
In Asia, there is plenty of waste material for Buenviaje to work with: about 80 percent of the world ocean plastic ____172____ (estimate) to come from Asian rivers.
“It’s important to recycle used materials so we can help our earth,” said Lalaine Alcalde, who buys clothes from Buenviaje. Buenviaje said her dresses were used in beauty competitions and ____173____ she got delighted whenever they won. “The designs are simple _____174_____ they still win,” she said.
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As the effects of global warming, rising sea levels and natural disasters become ____175____(serious) than before, some local communities are taking action. Among them is one community in Florida ____176____ local people and government officials are proving successful in protecting coastal cities from the dangers of rising sea levels.
The community has studied how much sea levels will rise and has suggested addressing the problem in some ____177____(effect) ways. It has persuaded the state government ____178____(ban) new developments on land near the coastline and recommended ____179____(build) sand dunes(沙丘) along beaches. Kristin Jacobs, one of the group's founders, decided to take action in 2008 after it became ____180____(gradual) clear that her state's 27 water authorities couldn't agree on joint action.
While some Florida government officials doubt ____181____ the climate will become hotter or colder, the people living in these ____182____(locate) are certain of the need to protect their communities.
At present, coming ____183____ with ways to fight against the effects of climate change under a limited budget _____184_____(be) a pressing concern. Only time will tell whether these communities will succeed in the end.
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Every day people throw away a lot of household garbage — paper, cans, kitchen waste, used batteries and glass___185___sorting it. There are many problems___186___(cause) by unsorted garbage. On one hand, it’s___187___ great waste of resources. On the other hand, the disposal of unsorted garbage can cause serious environmental pollution,___188___does harm to people’s health. Now our government has realized the importance of garbage sorting. So far many activities___189___( hold) to teach people how to sort garbage___190___(proper).
People in cities, like Beijing and Shanghai, are required to sort garbage into four categories— kitchen waste,___191___(harm) waste, recyclable waste and other waste. Also, they can get certain points for sorting their garbage. When they accumulate enough points, they can go to the community___192___(exchange) them for some gifts of daily use. However, still a lot of people in China lack the___193___(aware) of garbage sorting. Changing people’s mindsets and habits will take a long time. But once one person____194____(develop) the habit of garbage sorting, more may be influenced to do the same.
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To change bad habits is never easy, even with many ____195____ (attempt). There is a famous saying ____196____ (base) on the philosophy of Aristotle: “We are what we ____197____ (repeat) do.” In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made. We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much ____198____ (hard) to change. The good news ____199____ (be) that we can change, if we understand how habits work.
Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”, ____200____ has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact ____201____ heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, ____202____ (keep) Earth’s climate warm and habitable. Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy ____203____ (trap) in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature ____204____ (rise) quickly.
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Perhaps the finest nature writer of the Twentieth Century, Rachel Carson (1907-1964) ____205____ (remember) more today as the woman who challenged the idea that humans could obtain mastery over nature by chemicals, bombs and space travel than for her studies of ocean life. ____206____ (work) for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Washington, DC, ____207____ (primary) as a writer, she was always aware of the effect that humans had on the natural world. All her books were physical explanations of life, all ____208____ (fill) with miracle of what happens to life in and near the sea.
Carson wrote about how islands were formed, how ____209____ (current) change and merge (融合), how temperature affects sea life, ____210____ how erosion (侵蚀) affects not just shore lines but fish populations and tiny micro-organisms. But how, she wondered, would the educated public be kept informed of these challenges to life ____211____ (it) In Silent Spring, she asked the hard questions about whether and why humans had the right to control nature; to decide who lives or ____212____ (die), to poison or to destroy non-human life. In showing that all biological systems were dynamic and by urging the public ____213____ (question) authority, to ask "Who speaks and why " Rachel Carson became a social revolutionary, and Silent Spring became the handbook for ____214____ future of all life on Earth.
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As the largest rainforest, the Amazon rainforest plays a significant role ___215___ maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem. The Amazon River, from ___216___ the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6, 400 kilometres in ___217___ (long) — roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. The forest’s different ___218___ (level) provide food and shelter for an unbelievable ___219___ (vary) of wildlife. More ___220___ 1, 300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the Amazon rainforest’s plant life. The Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species ___221___ can be used for food or medicine. Over the past 50 years, about 17 percent of the rainforest ___222___ (disappear) due to human activities. As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of ___223___ (extinct) becomes longer, we are ___224___ (leave) with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Owing to global warming, sea levels are rising and rain forests are dying. It’s clear that humans ____225____(cause)most of the warming over the past century by releasing greenhouse gases, the levels of which are ____226____(high)now than at any time in the past.
Global warming is causing a set of changes to the earth’s climate ____227____ vary from place to place. Many people think that global warming is the same as climate change. However, scientists use “climate change” when describing the complex shifts now affecting ____228____(we)planet’s weather and climate systems—in part because some areas ____229____（actual）get cooler in the short term.
Climate change includes not only rising average temperatures but also extreme weather events and a range of other ____230____(consequence). All of them are appearing as humans continue to add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, ____231____(change)the rhythms(节奏)of climate that all living things have come to rely ____232____.
What shall we do and what can we do ____233____(slow) this human-caused warming How shall we deal with the changes we’ve already set into motion While we struggle to figure it all out, ____234____ future of the earth hangs in the balance.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier ____235____ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ____236____ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a ____237____ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ____238____ (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ____239____ 2. 1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain ____240____ (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ____241____ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed ____242____(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people ____243____ (live) in the countryside, including ____244____ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Boyan Slat, a Dutch inventor is cleaning the world’s most polluted rivers in an effort to save the oceans. He has made it his mission___245___(remove) plastic from the oceans. His organization, The Ocean Cleanup, has successfully started to clean the pollution that has been circling in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. But millions more tons of plastic enter the oceans every year, almost all of it ___246___ (flow) from rivers.
Just 10 rivers are responsible for around 90% of all that plastic, ___247___a 2017 study from the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. “So ___248___we focus on the worst rivers, we believe we can really have the fastest and most cost-effective way to close the tap and prevent more plastic from reaching the oceans in the first place,” Slat said.
The Ocean Cleanup is effectively using floating trash collectors called “Interceptors”. These solar-powered, autonomous systems use the rivers’ currents to guide the trash onto a conveyor belt that carry the waste to ___249___ (await) bins.
The first interceptor went to work in Jakarta, Indonesia, to pull plastic from a waterway called the Cengkareng drain. A second interceptor began collecting trash flowing down the Klang river in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. On the other side of the world, ___250___Interceptor has recently started removing river pollution near the mouth of the Rio Ozama in the Dominican Republic.
“___251___the river is polluted, the fish die. Every year there are less fish,” Luis Peguero, a local fisherman, explained. When Peguero is lucky enough to reel in (收线拉起) a catch, it ___252___not be safe for his family to eat. “You find stuff in the fish, especially the catfish. Trash, bottle lids, even a shoe. The fish can’t survive this,” said Peguero. To him, the modern trash-collecting catamaran (双体船) is a peculiar but welcome sight.
The Ocean Cleanup is working with the local governments and communities to help retrieve (取回) the plastic the Interceptors collect. “By stopping plastic in rivers, we hope to not only address the big global plastic pollution issue, but also really help make life better for the people___253___live near these problematic rivers,” said Slat.
The Ocean Cleanup’s goal is to tackle the thousand most polluted rivers within 5 years. Soon interceptors ____254____ (head) to Vietnam, Thailand, Jamaica and Los Angeles County in the United States.
“We are getting out tons of plastic every single day,” Slat said. “We accept that we won’t deliver magic in one go. But we’re doing this, step by step.”
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new group of free employees have been added to a French workforce. So far, a theme park in western France ____255____ (employ) six birds, more exactly six crows, to collect and deal with garbage — mainly cigarette ends and other small pieces. The birds take the _____256_____ (collect) trash to special bins where they can receive bird food in exchange _____257_____ putting away the litter.
Park president Nicolas said, “The purpose of employing the crows is to educate people to take up their social ______258______ (responsible). Since the birds are able to do _____259_____ we are much more able to do than them, we should do this by ourselves
Crows have long been observed for their various amazing _____260_____ (display) of intelligence. They are one of the _____261_____ (smart) groups of animals on earth, with remarkable problem solving, tool making, and deductive (演绎) reasoning skills.
In addition to inspiring humans to pick up trash, the clever crows currently ____262____ (work) at the park are pretty excited to put their intelligence to work.
“It has become ____263____ exciting game for them” Nicolas says. “They pick up the trash on the ground, and every day they _____264_____ (reward) for what they have done.”
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Miracles are occurring in northwest China where stretches of deserts are turning green with thriving trees and luxurious grass. Decades of efforts have resulted ____265____victory in the battle against desertification and China has not only achieved the UN sustainable development goal of zero net land degradation by 2030 well ahead of schedule，but also reversed（逆转）the trend of desertification and sandification.
The eco warriors have come up with a series of ____266____（success）practices to end desertification，like the farmers' group in Minqin, ____267____county in Gansu Province. Their success in fighting the approach of the desert offers important experience for desertification prevention and treatment. It is also the Chinese ____268____（wise）for global ecological management.
China has the largest desert area in the world，with the largest number of people____269____（expose）to deserts and sandstorms. It is home to eight major deserts and four major sandy lands，which cover one ____270____（five）of its territory. The western and northwestern parts are ____271____（serious）affected by desertification.
Since 1949，the government ____272____(give）priority to the prevention and control of deserts，____273____ is listed as one of the strategic missions of the nation.
Major ecological projects have been carried out to green the country. The Great Green Wall is the biggest tree-planting project in the world，____274____（create）a green barrier to keep the encroaching desert in the north at bay.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Denmark wants to make all domestic flights fossil fuel-free by 2030. Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen announced the goal in a New Year speech. Denmark___275___ (be) known for its green qualification. It is famous as a heaven for cyclists and a huge destination for eco-minded food experts, and now it even has___276___ waste-to-energy plant complete with its own ski spot.
Most impressively of all, though, the country aims to reduce its carbon emissions___277___ 70 percent by 2030. In the speech,Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen said such changes were necessary ___278___ “to travel is to live and therefore we fly”. Researchers are already working on___279___ (find) alternative fuels for those flights, and hydrogen(氢) is the ___280___(likely) competitor.
___281___(fortunate), the Scandinavian country isn’t the only nation trying to make flying a greener travel option. By 2030, Sweden wants all airlines to have switched to bio-fuels. To make this happen, they___282___(tax) on the emissions of their fossil fuel-powered flights soon. In France, meanwhile, flights which could be replaced by a train trip that takes under two and a half hours are likely__283__(ban). That’s all great news,and hopefully a sign of even greater things to come. Could a big___284___(play) like the USA or China be next
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Polar bears are undergoing hunger in a world ____285____ (warm) than ever before.
Polar bears live in the environment too cold for most animals. For most of the year, they live and hunt on Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared ____286____ (they) for the cold conditions. But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger ____287____ threatens their only home.
Polar bears’ world is melting. Studies show that polar ice ____288____ (reduce) by 9.8% every 10 years since 1978. Now about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend ____289____ sea ice for their ____290____ (survive). “Sea ice is more than just the platform that the bears walk over,” says Andrew Derocher, ____291____ scientist who studies North American polar bear populations. “Without it, they can’t exist.”
____292____ (melt) and refreezing of polar ice is natural. But in a warmer world, the cycle speeds up, and polar bears have less time ____293____ (hunt). Normally, they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight. The extra fat will be used, when the bears are not _____294_____ (active) hunting.
参考答案：
1．cities 2．to move 3．on##upon 4．that 5．has used##has been using 6．spending##having spent 7．inspiring 8．are sold 9．promotion 10．an
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国面临的因气候变暖而导致的海平面上升等问题以及中国为缓解这些问题在清洁能源利用方面实施的举措。
1．考查名词的数。句意：海平面上升威胁着中国的海岸线，例如在城市如上海，天津和广州。city为可数名词，根据“such as Shanghai, Tianjin and Guangzhou”可知，此处应用其复数形式。故填cities。
2．考查固定搭配。句意：这可能迫使6700万人搬走。force sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“迫使某人做某事”。故填to move。
3．考查固定搭配。句意：如果发生这种情况，中国将在多个领域受到影响，从水资源供应，到农业，再到生物多样性。the impact on/upon...为固定搭配，意为“对……的影响”。故填on/upon。
4．考查表语从句。句意：好消息是中国正在成为全球气候行动的领导者。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句成分完整，上下文意思连贯，应用that引导该从句。故填that。
5．考查谓语动词。句意：例如，在过去的五年中，中国使用的太阳能和风能比世界上任何一个国家都要多。根据时间状语“over the last five years”可知，此处可用现在完成时表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，也可用现在完成进行时强调过程和可持续性；且主语为“China”，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填has used/has been using。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国也是世界上最大的清洁能源投资国——近年来在新能源方面的投资约为1300亿美元。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语动词为is，此处应用非谓语动词。主语“China”与动词spend之间为主谓关系，此处应用其现在分词形式作状语。此处也可用having spent表示动作已完成。故填spending/having spent。
7．考查形容词。句意：中国电动汽车的发展尤其鼓舞人心。此处作表语，且主语为“The development of electric vehicles”，指物，因此此处应用形容词inspiring，意为“鼓舞人心的”。故填inspiring。
8．考查谓语动词。句意：世界上超过50% 的电动汽车每年在中国销售。此处表示客观情况，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，主语“More than 50 percent of electric vehicles”与动词sell之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且主语“electric vehicles”为复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are sold。
9．考查名词。句意：中国目前在推广清洁能源技术方面处于世界领先地位。根据“the”和“of”可知，此处应用promote的名词形式作宾语。故填promotion。
10．考查冠词。句意：生态文明已经成为中国长期发展战略的基石，就像气候行动是17个可持续发展目标的重要组成部分一样。此处泛指“一个重要的部分”；且important是以元音音素开头的单词，其前应用不定冠词an。故填an。
11．was hired 12．going 13．attraction 14．it 15．off 16．darker 17．reasonable 18．has enjoyed 19．though 20．a
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位老人被雇来清理泉水时，村庄干净美丽，但是老人被解雇后，村庄很快变脏了，重新雇佣老人之后，村庄继续变得受游客欢迎。
11．考查时态和语态。句意：许多年前，在一个小村庄里，一位老人被雇来清理山上的泉水。根据时间状语Many years ago可知，动作发生在过去，句子应用一般过去时，结合语意，hire与主语an old man之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，an old man是单数，be动词应用was。故填was hired。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：很快，美丽的天鹅来到了干净的泉水边，随着时间的推移，这个村庄成了游客的热门景点。分析句子，空处作宾语补足语，go与逻辑主语time之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填going。
13．考查名词。句意：很快，美丽的天鹅来到了干净的泉水边，随着时间的推移，这个村庄成了游客的热门景点。分析句子，空处作动词became的宾语，应用名词形式，且空前出现不定冠词a，空处应填名词的单数形式。故填attraction。
14．考查it作形式宾语。句意：一天晚上，镇上的领导认为年复一年地雇用这位老人是没有必要的，因此要求这位老人离开。分析句子，不定式短语to keep this old man on year after year是真正的宾语，空处应用it作形式宾语。故填it。
15．考查介词。句意：到了初秋，树叶开始从树上落下，泉水被树叶覆盖。结合语意，空处应填介词off，构成fall off表示“从……落下”。故填off。
16．考查形容词比较级。句意：几天后，水变得更黑了。结合语意，此处表示泉水变得更黑了，且空前由much进行修饰，空处应填形容词的比较级形式。故填darker。
17．考查形容词。句意：意识到解雇这位老人的决定不合理，他们重新雇用了这位老人。分析句子，空处在be动词之后作表语，应用形容词形式，结合语意，空处应填reasonable，表示“合理的”。故填reasonable。
18．考查时态。句意：从那时起，这个村庄在游客中很受欢迎。句中since表示“自从”，句子应用现在完成时，主语the village是单数，所以谓语动词应用has enjoyed。故填has enjoyed。
19．考查让步状语从句。句意：所以，尽管你的工作或生活似乎很小，但千万不要忽视它。结合语意，空处表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，应用though引导从句。故填though。
20．考查冠词。句意：我们能做的任何事情都会有影响。make a difference为固定短语，表示“有影响”。故填a。
21．than 22．consideration 23．are used 24．which 25．stores 26．making 27．to contribute 28．an 29．Actually 30．amazing
【导语】这是一篇说明文。服装行业每年会产生大量的垃圾，本文从环保角度给我们提出了建议，告诉我们如何减少服装对环境的破坏。
21．考查比较级。句意：今天，我们买的衣服比20年前多了。根据句意和句中“more clothing”可知，句子为比较级，空格处应用“than”，意为“比”。故填than。
22．考查名词。句意：如果你考虑到生产一件T恤需要700加仑的水，那么这是一个很大的浪费。分析句子可知，“into”为介词，后接名词，“consider”意为“考虑”，动词词性，对应的名词为“consideration”，意为“考虑”，为不可数名词，“take into　consideration…”意为“考虑到……”。故填consideration。
23．考查时态和语态。句意：如果你考虑到生产一件T恤需要700加仑的水，那么这是一个很大的浪费。分析句子可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，且“water”和“use”为被动关系，故句子应用一般现在时的被动语态，“water”前有“700 gallons of”修饰，和“are”连用，“use”的过去分词为“used”，故空格处应填“are used”。故填are used。
24．考查定语从句。句意：快时尚服装的设计是为了快速破裂，这意味着你很快就会需要更多。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故填which。
25．考查名词。句意：此外，越来越多的商店都有回收计划，这使得人们很容易负责任地处理不需要的物品。分析句子可知，“store”意为“商店”，为可数名词，“more and more”后接可数名词复数，“store”的复数形式为“stores”。故填stores。
26．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，越来越多的商店都有回收计划，这使得人们很容易负责任地处理不需要的物品。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“have”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，句中应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，“make”的现在分词为“making”。故填making。
27．考查固定短语。句意：例如，一家在线服装店承诺将其收入的5%捐给一个保护非洲大象的组织。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“promise to do sth.”，意为“承诺做某事”，“contribute”意为“捐献”，动词词性，故空格处应填“to contribute”。故填to contribute。
28．考查冠词。句意：例如，一家在线服装店承诺将其收入的5%捐给一个保护非洲大象的组织。分析句子可知，句中泛指一个保护非洲大象的组织，空格处应用不定冠词，“organization”音标的第一个音素为元音音素，故应用不定冠词“an”。故填an。
29．考查副词。句意：事实上，在这样类似的商业购物肯定是一种与自然和谐相处的令人惊喜的方式。分析句子可知，空格处应用副词，作状语，“actual”为形容词，对应的副词为“actually”，意为“事实上”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Actually。
30．考查形容词。句意：事实上，在这样类似的商业购物肯定是一种与自然和谐相处的令人惊喜的方式。分析句子可知，“way”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，“amaze”为动词，“way”指物，故空格处应用“amazing”，意为“令人惊喜的”，形容词词性，修饰物。故填amazing。
31．clearly 32．asked 33．with 34．our 35．worrying 36．confidence 37．that 38．But 39．massive 40．is decreasing
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了加拿大人一部分人对于可再生能源的支持，然而另一部分人却认为气候变化已成定局，不太乐观。最近的一项研究有了好消息，大多数的人越来越支持可再生能源。
31．考查副词。句意：加拿大人对可再生能源极其热情，公众舆论显然朝着未来清洁能源的愿景发展。此处is moving为动词，应用副词修饰动词，故填clearly。
32．考查省略句。句意：这是三分之二的公众在接受民意调查时的回答。此处when引导时间状语，是一个省略句，ask与主语two-thirds of the public之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词，还原后为：when they are asked。故填asked。
33．考查介词。句意：但是同是这三分之二的人也会告诉你，他们很满意，认为加拿大在处理气候问题这方面做得很好。此处意为“处理，解决”，表达为deal with，故填with。
34．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：但是，大多数人认为我们已经努力做好了自己分内的工作。此处意为“努力做好某人分内的工作”，表达为pull one’s weight，且此处主语为we，故填our。
35．考查形容词。句意：公公众舆论中真正令人担忧的趋势之一是，许多人认为应对气候变化已经是一项失败的事业。此处trends为名词，指物，应用形容词修饰，故填worrying。
36．考查名词。句意：只有35%的人有信心，相信政府能制定出政策来减少温室气体的排放。此处have为谓语动词，后用名词作宾语，且confidence为不可数名词，故填confidence。
37．考查连接词。句意：另一大障碍是，大多数人还没有对未来可能的道路有一个清晰的认识。此处is为系动词，后跟表语从句，从句中不缺成分，且此处没有意思，故应用that引导表语从句，故填that。
38．考查连词。句意：但是，在最近的公众调查中，有好消息。此处空后的“有好消息出现”与前文“很多人认为没有可行的前进道路”构成转折关系，故填But。
39．考查形容词。句意：这是对可再生能源的巨大支持，跨越所有人口结构和党派界线。此处support为名词，应用形容词修饰，且意为“大量的”，故填massive。
40．考查时态。句意：与此同时，对于化石燃料的支持也在降低。此处support为主语，为不可数名词，此处为谓语动词，时间状语为“meanwhile”以及根据句意可知，故应用现在进行时，故填is decreasing。
41．made 42．was published 43．performance 44．a 45．especially 46．who 47．highest 48．polluted 49．to solve 50．measures
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述科学家们发现空气污染可能是导致智力下降的主要原因。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：世界卫生组织的研究表明，空气污染与学生考试成绩的显著下降有关。本句已有谓语，make用非谓语动词，Research和make之间是被动关系，应用过去分词短语，作后置定语。故填made。
42．考查时态和语态。句意：它被发表在一篇杂志上面。根据语境可知，该研究已经被发表，用一般过去时；主语It和动词publish之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was published。
43．考查名词。句意：他们说，“污染的空气可能会影响能力和表现。”and连接两个并列成分，在动词influence后面作宾语，用名词形式。故填performance。
44．考查冠词。句意：研究人员说，他们的研究对世界其他地区，特别是对那些生活在城市的人是一个警告。warning通常做可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
45．考查副词。句意：研究人员说，他们的研究对世界其他地区，特别是对那些生活在城市的人是一个警告。根据句意可知，此处应用强调副词especially。故填especially。
46．考查定语从句。句意：研究人员说，他们的研究对世界其他地区，特别是对那些生活在城市的人是一个警告。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是代词those，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
47．查形容词最高级。句意：目前，在世界范围内空气污染是第四大死亡原因。此处表示世界上最高死亡原因的中第四高的，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
48．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员发现，人们暴露在污染空气中的时间越长，他们的智力受到的损害就越大。本句已有谓语，pollute用非谓语动词，air与pollute之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填polluted。
49．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员陈博士警告说：“解决这个问题没有捷径可走。政府真的需要采取实际措施来减少空气污染。”被修饰的名词shortcut被no所限定，应用不定式，作定语。故填to solve。
50．考查名词。句意：政府真的需要采取实际措施来减少空气污染。此处应用名词measure，作宾语，表示“措施”，是可数名词，常用复数形式。故填measures。
51．will disappear 52．The 53．was released 54．are 55．temperatures 56．higher 57．as 58．to continue 59．wealthy 60．that##which
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。一份新的联合国气候报告预测，非洲罕见的冰川将在未来20年消失。文章讲述了造成这一现象的原因和应对之策。
51．考查时态。句意：一份新的联合国气候报告预测，非洲罕见的冰川将在未来20年消失。根据时间状语“in the next 20 years”可知，空处谓语动词需用一般将来时：will do，表示将要发生的动作。故填will disappear。
52．考查冠词。句意：这份名为《非洲气候状况》的报告于上周二由联合国世界气象组织(WMO)和其他机构发布。此处特指前文提到的报告，第二次提及这份报告，需用定冠词the，句首单词首字母需大写。故填The。
53．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意同上。由时间状语“ last Tuesday”可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时；此处主语report与release是被动关系，所以空处谓语动词需用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，主语是单数report，所以此处be动词需用was。故填was released。
54．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该报告警告说，坦桑尼亚乞力马扎罗山、肯尼亚山和乌干达鲁文佐里山的冰川融化是大范围气候变化即将到来的迹象。由主句谓语动词warns可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是复数 glaciers，所以空处be动词需用are。故填are。
55．考查名词的数。句意：数据显示，截至2010年的30年里，非洲大陆的气温比平均值高0.86摄氏度。由空后were可知，空处需用可数名词的复数作主语。故填temperatures。
56．考查形容词比较级。句意：同上。由空后than可知，空处需用形容词的比较级。故填higher。
57．考查介词和固定搭配。句意：世界气象组织秘书长佩特里·塔拉斯(Petteri Talas)说:“大规模流离失所、饥饿以及干旱和洪水等日益严重的气候事件可能会继续下去。”由空前such可知，空处需用介词as，such as例如，固定搭配，用于举例，符合题意。故填as。
58．考查动词不定式。句意：同上。be likely to do sth.可能做某事，固定搭配。故填to continue。
59．考查形容词。句意：与此同时，非洲国家正在要求建立一个新的体系，以跟踪富裕国家的融资，这些国家未能实现帮助发展中国家应对气候变化的1000亿美元年度目标。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词nations，wealth的形容词为wealthy“富有的”。故填wealthy。
60．考查定语从句。句意：这一需求表明，世界上最大的20个经济体和发展中国家之间在气候变化政策上存在着紧张关系。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是 tensions，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。故填that/which。
61．meetings 62．against
63．which 64．leading
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了“缔约方大会”主要目标是采取措施应对气候变化——世界气候模式的长期变化与包括农业、工业和交通在内的人类活动有关。由这些活动产生的气体，如二氧化碳，将热量困住在地球大气中，导致温度上升，导致极端洪水、热浪和风暴。
61．考查名词。句意：第二十六次缔约方大会是一系列政府为保护环境而召开的会议中最新的一次。a series of表示“一系列”，后面加名词复数，故填meetings。
62．考查介词。句意：它的主要目标是采取措施应对气候变化——世界气候模式的长期变化与包括农业、工业和交通在内的人类活动有关。介词against表示“对抗，应对”，故填against。
63．考查定语从句。句意：由这些活动产生的气体，如二氧化碳，将热量困住在地球大气中，导致温度上升，导致极端洪水、热浪和风暴。先行词是Gases，在定语从句中做主语，指代物，用which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
64．考查非谓语动词。句意：被由这些活动产生的气体，如二氧化碳，将热量困住在地球大气中，导致温度上升，导致极端洪水、热浪和风暴。此处表示一种自然而然的结果，用现在分词做结果状语。故填leading。
65．discovery 66．making 67．cameras 68．previously 69．a 70．to establish 71．be preserved 72．polluting 73．which 74．in
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们在南极洲发现了世界上最大的鱼类繁殖地，研究人员希望对该区域加以保护。
65．考查名词。句意：南极洲的科学家们已经有了一个令人惊讶和受欢迎的发现——世界最大的鱼类繁殖地。句中形容词surprising and welcome应修饰名词，所以空处应用名词discovery，表示“发现”。故填discovery。
66．考查状语从句的省略。句意：来自德国的研究人员在绘制南极威德尔海海床地图时发现了这些鱼。while引导时间状语从句，从句主语与主句主语Researchers一致，且从句应用过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作，即while they were making，状语从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填making。
67．考查名词。句意：几个月来，研究团队一直在威德尔海海域下530米处安装了大量摄像头。a number of表示“许多”，后接可数名词的复数形式。故填cameras。
68．考查副词。句意：深海生物学家奥顿·珀瑟说：“威德尔海有这么大的冰鱼繁殖区，以前从未被发现过，它非常吸引人。”分析句子结构，空处应用副词形式previously，表示“以前，先前”，在句中作时间状语。故填previously。
69．考查冠词。句意：深海生物学家奥顿·珀瑟说：“威德尔海有这么大的冰鱼繁殖区，以前从未被发现过，它非常吸引人。”deep-sea biologist作同位语，解释说明Autun Purser，biologist是名词的单数形式，且deep-sea是辅音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词a。故填a。
70．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员一直在探索该地区，希望将其确立为官方海洋保护区。hope to do sth.表示“希望做某事”，所以空处应用不定式形式。故填to establish。
71．考查语态。句意：他们说，海洋是一个独特的栖息地，必须加以保护。分析句子结构，that引导定语从句，修饰并指代先行词habitat，preserve与habitat之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，情态动词must后接动词原形形式，即be preserved。故填be preserved。
72．考查介词。句意：他们希望阻止捕鱼和其他一些科学研究不污染水域。此处为短语keep…from doing sth.表示“阻止……做某事”。故填from。
73．考查定语从句。句意：剑桥大学最近的一项研究发现，在南极洲捕鱼正从全球1500个港口带来数以百万计的其他物种，这正在威胁该地区的特殊生态系统。分析句子结构，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰空前的整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导从句。故填which。
74．考查介词。句意：到目前为止，南极洲的偏远和困难的海冰条件保护了它，但我们必须记住，我们应该非常小心地保护海洋。结合句意表示“记住”可知短语为keep in mind。故填in。
75．are produced 76．lays 77．As 78．measures 79．to relieve 80．fully 81．to 82．an 83．us 84．difference
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了垃圾分类是保护环境的好方法，我们都应该积极参与实践。
75．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：然而，更多的垃圾和污染同时产生，这给我们的环境带来了沉重的负担。句子描述现在的一般性情况，且结合上下文，句子应用一般现在时，produce与主语more garbage and pollution之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语more garbage and pollution是复数，be动词应用are。故填are produced。
76．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，更多的垃圾和污染同时产生，这给我们的环境带来了沉重的负担。句子描述现在的一般性情况，且结合上下文，句子应用一般现在时，分析句子结构，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前边的整个句子，从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填lays。
77．考查连词。句意：众所周知，环境在我们的日常生活中起着至关重要的作用。as is known to all为固定搭配，表示“众所周知”，首字母大写。故填As。
78．考查名词。句意：面对严峻的形势，我们应该采取有效措施，保护我们共存的地球。take measures to do sth.为固定短语，表示“采取措施做某事”，名词复数表泛指。故填measures。
79．考查非谓语动词。句意：有人建议我们把垃圾分类以缓解这种情况。结合语意，把垃圾分类是为了缓解这种情况，空处应用不定式形式做目的状语。故填to relieve。
80．考查副词。句意：它可以帮助分离可回收的废物，这些废物可以充分利用，有助于在很大程度上节约资源。空处修饰动词used，应用副词形式作状语，fully是副词，表示“充分地”。故填fully。
81．考查介词。句意：它可以帮助分离可回收的废物，这些废物可以充分利用，有助于在很大程度上节约资源。to some degree为固定短语，表示“在某种程度上”，to a large degree表示“在很大程度上”。故填to。
82．考查冠词。句意：由于垃圾分类很重要，我们应该积极参与实践。take an active part in表示“积极参与”，active是元音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词an。故填an。
83．考查代词。句意：我们必须学会垃圾分类。空处作介词for的宾语，应用代词的宾格形式us，表示“我们”。故填us。
84．考查名词。句意：只有我们大家共同努力，我们才能有影响，才能拥有一个良好的环境。make a difference为固定短语，表示“有影响”。故填difference。
85．for 86．a 87．hotter 88．places 89．who 90．completely 91．leaving 92．caused 93．to say 94．or
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。上周五，Vostok气象站创造了一项新纪录，这一次是有史以来最热的3月份温度：-18℃。
85．考查介词。句意：它因拥有地球上有记录以来最冷的温度而闻名：-89.2℃。 根据“having the coldest temperature ever recorded on Earth”可知，此处是指因拥有地球上有记录以来最冷的温度而闻名，be famous for意为“因……而著名”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词for。故填for。
86．考查冠词。句意：但上周五，东方站创造了一项新纪录，这一次是有史以来最热的3月份温度：-18℃。此处“new record”为第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词表示泛指，且new的发音为辅音音素开头，故填a。
87．考查比较级。句意：南极洲的其他地区更热。在even后应用比较级。故填hotter。
88．考查名词复数。句意：南极洲的一些地方预计将比正常温度高出50℃。 根据were可知，主语为复数。故填places。
89．考查定语从句。句意：一位在南极研究天气的科学家说，这些气温完全改变了我们对南极气候系统的预期。 在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为scientist，所以应用关系代词who。故填who。
90．考查副词。句意：一位在南极研究天气的科学家说，这些气温完全改变了我们对南极气候系统的预期。修饰动词changed应用副词completely表示“完全地”，作状语。故填completely。
91．考查动名词。句意：但一旦到达南极洲，它就被一种叫做“压力穹顶”的高压系统阻止了。 stop...from doing意为“阻止……做某事”，为固定搭配，此处用动名词作宾语。故填leaving。
92．考查一般过去时。句意：去年夏天，一个类似的圆顶压在北美西北部引发了一场极端热浪。 根据“last summer”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填caused。
93．考查动词不定式。句意：现在说气候变化是否导致了这一事件还为时过早。 “it be+adj+to do”意为“做某事是……的”，为固定句式，此处用it作形式主语，to do不定式为真正的主语。故填to say。
94．考查连词。句意：但科学家们表示，他们正在仔细观察，以确定这是一次性事件还是一种新模式的一部分。 “whether...or...”意为“是……还是……”，为固定句式。故填or。
95．preservation 96．a 97．Covering 98．has set 99．where 100．to find 101．their 102．more 103．specifically
104．in
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国第一批五个国家公园的情况及其意义。
95．考查名词。句意：中国已正式宣布从西藏到海南的首批五个国家公园，占地 23万平方公里，重点保护其最宝贵的生物资源。分析句子可知，介词on之后，应该加上名词作为宾语，根据提示，此处应用名词preservation(保护)，且为不可数名词，故填preservation。
96．考查冠词。句意：大熊猫国家公园每年都会吸引大批游客前来观赏世界上最可爱的动物。hit此处泛指“受欢迎的事物”应用不定冠词，且hit是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
97．考查非谓语动词。句意：该地区覆盖四川、陕西、甘肃三省，是大熊猫的自然栖息地。分析句子结构可知cover在句中应用非谓语动词形式作状语，与逻辑主语the region构成主动关系，故用现在分词。句首单词首字母要大写，且根据提示，故填Covering。
98．考查时态。句意：吉林省和黑龙江省交汇处的交汇处是东北虎豹国家公园的所在地，该公园从一开始就着手保护这两种物种的栖息地。根据后文since its start可知从句用现在完成时，从句谓语与先行词Northeast Chins Tiger and Leopard National Park保持一致，助动词用has。故填has set。
99．考查定语从句。句意：这是一个独特的地区，同时生活着野生东北虎和东北豹。此处为定语从句修饰先行词area，从句为倒装句，关系副词where在从句中作状语，相当于in this area。故填where。
100．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国保存最完好的热带雨林在海南，世界上唯一发现黑冠长臂猿的地方。place前有the only修饰，后面的定语用to do形式。故填to find。
101．考查代词。句意：海南热带雨林国家公园保护长臂猿和它们的生存环境。修饰后文名词environment应用形容词性物主代词，且这里表示“长臂猿的生存环境”。故填their。
102．考查形容词。句意：与这三个国家不同的是，福建省武夷山国家公园和青藏高原三江源国家公园更注重保护多种动物，而不是专门保护一个物种。结合后文than可知应用much的比较级形式。故填more。
103．考查副词。句意：与这三个国家不同的是，福建省武夷山国家公园和青藏高原三江源国家公园更注重保护多种动物，而不是专门保护一个物种。修饰后文动词protect应用副词specifically，作状语。再根据提示，故填specifically。
104．考查介词。句意：现在，随着一些旅游项目的准备就绪，这些公园将成为游客真正体验自然原创性和广阔中国景观的好方法。短语in place意为“到位”，符合句意，故填in。
105．growing 106．a 107．to 108．has been adopted 109．consumption 110．popularity 111．to keep 112．who##that 113．closer 114．quarters
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了近年来西藏在能源、环保和旅游方面的情况。
105．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着天气越来越冷，帕桑为过冬做了准备，购买了大量的天然气来温暖他的家。提示词作with复合结构中宾语补足语，应用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语the da