人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage巩固基础练习 语法填空 专项训练 （含答案）

高中英语 选择性必修三（人教2019版）
第四单元 巩固基础练习 语法填空 专项训练
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One day, Pierre, ___1___ worked in a government office, received an ___2___ (invite) to a palace ball. His wife, Mathilde, had no money for jewellery, so she ___3___ (borrow) a beautiful necklace from her friend, Jeanne. She looked very beautiful and they had a wonderful time that evening. She said that it was her ___4___ (good) moment in her life. But after the ball, she found the necklace ___5___ (miss). They had to borrow a lot of money ___6___ (buy) a new one for Jeanne. In order to pay ___7___ the money, they worked day and night for 10 years. Mathilde became ___8___ (extreme) old, so Jeanne didn’t recognize her ___9___ they met in a park 10 years later. From this story, we know a person shouldn’t ___10___ (affect) by vanity (虚荣心), otherwise it will cost him a lot.
语法填空
It ___11___ (happen) that I read about the Antarctic expedition in an advertisement. I was fit and ___12___ (vigour), so I applied to join the expedition. But Shackleton turned me ___13___ because he thought I was too young and was not ___14___ (qualify). I secretly went aboard but ___15___ (unfortunate) I was later discovered. The journey ___16___ Antarctica was not easy. Endurance ___17___ (stick) in the ice and we had to abandon our ship. This was no time ___18___ (panic). Soon after we settled on Elephant Island, Shackleton left us to find help as the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make ___19___ in our small boats. Though life was hard, Frank and Ermest’s genuine concern and ____20____ (persevere) filled me with hope.
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There are no precise ___21___ (criterion) that can be used to judge what is beautiful. As the anthropologist (人类学家) Margaret Mead once put ___22___, standards and ideas of beauty change across time. Nowadays, some costumes and actions once ___23___ (regard) as beauty in the 19th century are not considered healthy or attractive, while something ___24___ (fashion) now had different functions in the past.
There is no consistent view on beauty, as beauty is influenced by culture and it is even ___25___ (whole) different in the eyes of beholders. In some countries, young women follow slimming diets to lose extra kilos ___26___ preparation for their wedding day. In other cultures, looking thin for a husband-to-be is not ___27___ a woman desires at all.
__28__ different, one thing is certain-it is inner beauty that requires us to truly see. Beauty, that is to say, ___29___ (accompany) by an attraction to something deeper within a person, ___30___ can be found in a wide range of personal qualities.
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It’s tough to teach kids perseverance and mental strength in the modern world. Technology allows for instant satisfaction and our digital devices offer an easy escape when things get tough. Kids have less ____31____ (patient) than ever when things aren’t going their way. The good news is that perseverance is a skill that can ____32____ (learn), even in the age of electronics.
Although there are many mental strength exercises ____33____ will teach your kids to stay the course, the Batman Effect is a fun and simple way to show kids they're ____34____ (strong) than they think.
Telling your child ____35____ (pretend) to be Batman, Dora the Explorer, Bob the Builder, or another hardworking character could increase his ability to persevere, according ____36____ a 2016 study published in Child Development.
Identify one of your child’s favorite ____37____ (character) — make sure it’s someone who is hardworking, like Rapunzel. Then, you can say, “Pretend to be Rapunzel and do your work ____38____ same way Rapunzel would do it.” Check up on him regularly by ____39____ (ask), “How’s it going, Rapunzel ” You’ll probably find he’s able to perform better than usual.
Each time your child____40____ (successful) perseveres, he’ll build the mental strength he needs to do hard things. And the more confident he becomes, the more challenges he’ll tackle.
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Do you know that the eagle knows when a storm ____41____(approach) long before it breaks It will fly to some high spot ___42___ it waits for the winds to come. When the storm hits,it spreads its wings so that the wind will pick it up and lift ___43___ above the storm. While the storm rages below, the eagle is soaring above it.
The eagle does not escape the storm. Rather, it simply uses the storm to lift it much ___44___(high). It rises on ___45___ the storm brings.
When the storms of life come upon us-and all of us will experience them-we can rise above them by ___46___(set) our belief that we can make it. The storms do not have to overcome us. We can allow our inner power to lift us above them. We can enable ourselves to ride the winds of the storm that bring sickness, tragedy, ___47___ (fail) and disappointment in our lives. We can soar above the storm.
Remember, it is not the burdens of life ___48___ how we handle them that weigh us down.
To some people, the storm in life is ___49___disaster that leaves nothing but ruins: While others see the storm as a ____50____(turn) point in life. Sometimes it is not the hopeless situation that destroys you; it is the rain that has fallen into your heart that ruins you.
When hardship knocks on your door, how will you greet it
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Failures always come before success. You need only to look at history to see that countless failures always come before success. The world’s most outstanding inventors didn’t succeed the first time. Neither did famous architects, engineers, designers, painters, photographers, chefs, politicians, and so on. They____51____(fall), got injured and went on to design, create and found something better,____52____(strong), more memorable and valuable. For them, failure wasn’t the end, ___53___ the beginning of a journey to success. It gives you a starting point to move on.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Everybody wants success. Some people aim for it; others just talk____54____it. We all know what it looks like when someone else____55____ (have) it. Sometimes it just seems like something too far out of reach. The truth of success is ____56____ (close) than you think. It’s just on the____57____side you have to want it enough, and be willing enough to get it.
Fear is your biggest obstacle (障碍) when you try to get success, fear of ____58____ (fail), and fear of the judgment of others. It will trouble you every time. It will cause you to make decisions ____59____may seem “right” at the time, ____60____ they’re preventing you from actually____61____ (get) over that wall.
Success has no excuse. The minute you find a reason not____62____ (take) another step towards success is the moment you stop being_____63_____ (success). In the symphony of success, excuses are just noise.
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It was easy for us ____64____（imagine） the danger ahead of Shackleton. For us，____65____（stay） alive took all our time and energy. There were no trees ____66____（grow） on Antarctica and no oil，so we had to burn animal fat. ____67____ meat of sea creatures was what we had all，we would all starve if it ____68____（be） not for sea animals. The sweat could freeze very ____69____（quick） and we had to be careful not to go outside too often. Our discipline and team spirit kept us ____70____（optimism） and helped us deal with our fears ____71____ a positive and successful way. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. And he paid us back by his ____72____（commit） to save us from a slow _____73_____ painful death.
语法填空。
Cosmologists, astronomers and space engineers are predicting that 2021 will be a great year for space exploration. An ____74____ (increase) number of countries and commercial companies are investing in technology to venture into the heavens. Entrepreneurs like SpaceX’s Elon Musk and Virgin Galactic’s Richard Branson are setting their sights on space ____75____ (tour) and sending astronauts to Mars. ____76____ once seemed like science fiction is quickly becoming the fact. Such ____77____ (be) the advances in technology, and we might no longer be surprised at news of asteroids ____78____ (mine), Mars being colonised, or of new forms of holidays, such as getaway weekend breaks to the Moon.
The year will start ____79____ an exciting project that will help scientists better understand the universe. NASA will launch its Q-PACE probe on January the 15th. This will study the collision of small particles in space ____80____ (provide) an insight into how planets ____81____ (original) formed. A month later, NASA’s Perseverance rover will land on Mars. This mission will test for signs of possible past microbial life. NASA said: “Returning samples of Mars to Earth ____82____ (be) a goal of planetary scientists since the early days of the space age.” In October, the James Webb Space Telescope, _____83_____ mission is to observe the first galaxies that formed in the early universe, will launch into space.
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The significant words found on____84____old key,"If I rest,I rust",would be an excellent motto for those____85____are affected by the slightest bit of idleness.Even the most industrious might adopt it with advantage to serve____86____a reminder that,if one allows his talents to rest, like the iron in the unused key,they will soon show signs of rust and,finally, cannot do the work____87____ (require) of them.
Those who would achieve the targets reached and kept by great men must keep their minds active by constant use,so that they may____88____ (lock) the doors of knowledge, the gate that guard the ____89____ (enter)to different professions,to science,art,literature,agriculture-every field of human effort.
Industry keeps bright the key that opens the treasury of achievement.If Hugh Miller,after____90____（work) all day,had devoted his evenings to rest and entertainment,he would never____91____ (become) a famous geologist.The____92____ (celebrate) mathematician,Edmund Stone,would never have published a mathematical dictionary, never have found the key to science of mathematics, ____93____he had given his spare moments to idleness.
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I recently became friends with a young man ___94___had just migrated to Australia to escape war in his homeland. He was unskilled and was finding life difficult as he was unemployed. I ___95___ (work) for a company in Australia for more than ten years before I found a better job. I knew that the manager would be disappointed when I was leaving.
The manager asked me to introduce someone who I thought could do the job just as well as me, so I took this opportunity ___96___ (arrange) an interview for my new friend. However, in the end, he was not offered the job after the interview.
Later, I asked the manager why my friend was turned ____97____ The manager thought that his English was not good enough for the position, but I suggested that my friend should be a ___98___ (suit) choice for the company since I could train him. I believed that once ___99___(give) the time to learn, he could do the job. After a ___100___ (week) training, he was employed and was happy with his position.
I knew how the terrible war had forced him to leave his homeland and ___101___ price he had paid for doing so. I appreciate ___102___ (be) able to live in Australia and believe that this ____103____ (appreciate) is best proved by offering acts of kindness to people in need of help.
Every year, butterfly(蝴蝶) lovers in California go out in November to count monarch butterflies. They ____104____(get) a worrying result from their fall monarch count in 2018—____105____ number of monarchs had dropped by 86% since 2017.
The orange and black monarch butterflies are famous _____106_____ their long migrations(迁徙)—they fly thousands of miles every year. In the spring and summer they fly north; in the fall they fly south again.
Monarchs, like most butterflies, are _____107_____(terrible) important for plants. They help create more plants by spreading pollen(花粉) between plants. In turn, monarchs depend on plants for food. And they depend completely on a plant called milkweed _____108_____(lay) their eggs.
But monarchs have been facing growing problems for years. As more and more wild land has been turned into large farms, the monarchs have had trouble _____109_____(find) enough milkweed. Many farms also use chemicals _____110_____ will kill insects in order to protect their plants. These chemicals also affect monarchs. Besides, pollution has made milkweed less _____111_____(health) for the monarchs than it used to be.
Scientists say monarchs will be in danger of dying out in the next 20 years if nothing ____112____(do) to save them.
___113___(thing) that people can do to help include planting milkweed, controlling the use of chemicals, protecting wild areas, and planting trees.
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Happiness Is an Attitude
The 92-year-old confident and proud lady, ___114___ is fully dressed each morning by eight o'clock, with her hair fashionably combed and makeup (化妆品) perfectly applied, though she’s completely blind, moved to a nursing home today.
Her husband recently passed away, ___115___ (make) the move necessary.
After many hours of waiting patiently in the hall of the nursing home, she smiled ___116___ (sweet) when told her room was ready. As she got into the elevator (电梯) in her wheelchair, I provided a description of her tiny room.
“I love it,” she started with the enthusiasm (激情) of ___117___ eight-year-old child having just been presented with a new dog.
“Mrs. Jones, you ___118___ (not see) the room... just wait.”
“That has nothing to do with it,” she replied. “Happiness is something you decide on ahead of time. ____119____ I like my room or not doesn’t depend on how the furniture ___120___ (arrange)... it’s how I arrange my mind. I already decided to love it, It’s a ___121___ (decide) I make every morning when I wake up. I have a ___122___ (choose): I can spend the day in bed thinking of the difficulty I have with the parts of my body that no longer work or get out of bed and be thankful for the ones working. Each day is a gift, and as long as my eyes open, I’ll focus _____123_____ the new day and all the happy memories I’ve stored away... just for this time in my life.”
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
What is happiness When __124__ (ask) about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get less as we get ___125___(old).
For kids, happiness has a magical quality. Winning a race or getting a new bike is ___126___(absolute) pleasant.
In the teenage years, __127__ concept of happiness changes. Their happiness _128_ (lie) in such things as excitement, love and popularity, ___129___ leave a good impression on them during their youth. I can still recall the excitement when I ___130___ (invite) to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.
In adulthood the things that bring deep joy--- love, marriage, birth--- also bring ____131____(responsible) and the risk of loss. For adults, happiness is complex. It depends ___132___ many aspects.
My definition for happiness is "the capacity for enjoyment". The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It is easy ___133___ (gain) the pleasure we get from the company of friends, the freedom to travel to anywhere we like, and even good health.
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When I first heard about the European Summer Course organized by the European Academy Otzenhausen, I was immediately attracted to the opportunity. I excitedly____134____(submit)my application in April without hesitation. After a month of anxious waiting, finally____135____ (receive)that confirmation email was one of the best moments of the year!
During a mere 10 days, I met 37 students from 21 different countries____136____(globe). Simply saying these young minds were friendly would not be enough____137____, beyond that, they were intelligent, curious and passionate about the study fields they were in____138____(pursue)of and the future of the European Union (EU) along with the whole world.
The program was ambitious, ____139____(fill)with various lectures and trips. We were enlightened about data protection, human rights, Brexit, climate protection, and the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
I undoubtedly learned many countless things from____140____academic perspective, but-even more importantly-I was overjoyed to realize my passion____141____law on this trip, which might turn out to be a life-changing moment when I look back on this later in life. Ultimately, the best part of this course was the people____142____I met along the way. Together, we managed to create so many _____143_____(forget)memories, just like a family. I know that I shall always miss the summer of 2022, those 10 days in Germany and those vivid people.
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Once upon a time, there was an old man ___144___ (live) in a village. Most people in the village disliked him since he was young. He always ___145___ (keep) complaining and was in a bad mood. He would ___146___ (rude) turn people away when they tried to cheer him up.
The ___147___ (long) he lived, the more bad-tempered he became. People were unwilling to stay with him because of his bad mood, ___148___ had a strong influence on others. Around him, feeling happy was even thought unusual and impolite. By this way, he made the others feel unhappy ___149___ well.
On the day of his ___150___ (eighty) birthday, an unbelievable thing happened. Some villagers found he had complained about nothing and that he was happy. ___151___ whole village went to see him and asked what had happened. He answered it was no use that he had been looking for ___152___ (happy) and then he was happy.
It is important to realize that ____153____ (you) mood can affect the moods of those around you. Everyone has bad days sometimes. If someone tries to cheer you up, just try to accept their help.
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Li Hong ___154___ (experience) a terrible earth-quake and his home ___155___ (destroy) completely in the disaster. Fortunately, he ___156___ (rescue) by the rescue workers. Since then he ___157___ (live) with his relatives and ___158___ (study) in a village school. His teachers ___159___ (encourage) him to carry on. He ___160___ (improve) greatly in his study. In return for people’s help, Li Hong ___161___ (volunteer) whenever possible. Next year he ___162___ (graduate) from school and he ____163____ (intend) to study medicine at university to assist more people.
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Icebergs are giant blocks of ice that float in the sea. They come in many ____164____(shape), sizes, and colors. Some are deep blue or green. Some look like ____165____(float) sculptures. Old icebergs that have been worn down by the weather sometimes look like pillars of ice.
How is ____166____ iceberg formed Icebergs begin and end in the ocean. First, moisture from the ocean rises into the air and ____167____ (move) up into Earth’s atmosphere. Over Antarctica,____168____ air is cold, the water falls as snow. As layers of snow develop, their heavy weight presses down and turns the snow to ice in the polar climate. In fact, 90 percent of all the world’s ice is on the continent of Antarctica. Huge areas of ice ____169____ (call) ice sheets and glaciers move slowly across the continent toward the sea. The fastest-moving Antarctic glacier moves about 1.25 miles in a year.
____170____ (usual), only about one-fifth of an iceberg appears above the surface of the water. The other four-fifths of the “berg” ____171____ (hide) underwater, out of sight. Sometimes, an iceberg has ____172____ is called a “foot,” an extension completely underwater. These are especially ____173____ (danger) for ships. It was an iceberg “foot” that sank the Titanic in 1912, killing 1,503 people.
Every year, thousands of new icebergs are formed in the ocean around Antarctica. If you’re lucky, you’ll get to see one someday.
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If we take a close look ___174___successful people we can always see that they are usually not those ____175____never failed at all in their life. In fact, some of the most successful people in this world we have heard of ____176____（start）out poorly, and actually they have failed many times.
There are many great ____177____（fail）that famous people met with. For example, one of the ___178___（famous）basketball players of all time, Michael Jordan, was just an ordinary person before ____179____（join） the NBA and he was even cut out from his school basketball team because they said he was “lack of skill”. Albert Einstein, one of the greatest scientists in history, was thought as ____180____（mental） retarded（迟钝的） when he was young. He didn't speak until he turned four and didn't read until he was seven. ____181____poor were his grades in school that his teacher finally asked him to quit school.
When ____182____（trap） in the adversity, don't complain, Successful people accept the adversity as ____183____important part of life and never put the blame on others.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Did you know that what you think you like and don’t like is often the result of false ___184___ (believe) As humans, we tend to be ____185____ (ease) influenced when it comes to liking or disliking something, and we’re happy to have our existing opinions ____186____ (confirm). But once they became fixed, we often lose our ability to be ____187____(object) and we don’t like to have our ideas challenged. Generally speaking, human beings are not good at taking a balanced view of things. For instance, we unconsciously start to listen for and select information that ____188____ (match) our understanding and turn a blind eye to information that doesn’t, ____189____ (reject) it out of hand. We don’t always like to accept new information that doesn’t match up with what we already believe. As a result, we often don’t even consider the reasons behind ____190____ opposing point of view. Instead, we look for evidence that confirms ____191____ we have already thought, and which conforms to our own point of view. We’re more likely____192____ (give) meaning to information that matches those we’ve already believed. In other words, we are biased (偏见) towards certain information.______193______can come as a shock when information we trusted is actually exposed to be untrue.
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China’s most sophisticated and challenging space adventure ---- the Chang'e 5 robotic lunar mission---- ended successfully early Thursday morning with its load of rocks and dust from the moon ____194____ (land) on the grasslands in northern China.
The recovery team will make initial processing of the capsule and then use a plane to transport it to Beijing, ____195____ it will be opened for _____196_____(technique) to remove the container holding 2 kg of lunar samples from a _____197_____ (previous) unvisited area known as “Ocean of Storms”, the China National Space administration said.
Next, the sealed samples will be transferred to specially ____198____ (design) laboratories for analyses, experiments and tests so scientists can determine the extraterrestrial (地球以外的) substances’ composition, structure and traits. This can _____199_____ (deep) their knowledge about the history of the moon and the solar system. _____200_____ those scientific objectives, project planners also want the mission to help to foster the country's knowledge, technology and talent pool for its future manned lunar missions and other deep-space expeditions. Therefore, _____201_____ certain proportion of the samples will also be on public display to enhance science ______202______ (aware) among the public, especially young generations.
The successful landing marked the completion of the historic 23-day Chang'e 5 expedition, the first in more than 40 years ______203______ (bring) lunar samples back to Earth, also making China the third country to achieve this feat after the United States and the former Soviet Union.
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内所给单词的正确形式。
Surrounding _____204_____ (you) with positive people can have a great influence(影响) on your life.
When someone has a positive outlook(人生观) on life, they wake up in the morning _____205_____ energy and enthusiasm.
These are the kind of people _____206_____ are going to encourage you to have a great attitude. These people are confident that things will work out for them. They are _____207_____(hope) about the future and willing to do whatever is necessary to get things _____208_____ (do). That’s the exact kind of attitude and behavior you need to be exposed(接触) to on a regular _____209_____base).
As you watch how they push themselves, you will _____210_____(encourage) to do the same. You’ll start to wonder what you can do in your own life.
Moreover, positive people tend to think of new ideas and ways of seeing the world.
Clearly, ____211____ (attitude) that other people have can have a powerful influence. _____212_____ (fortunate) it doesn’t always have to be a bad thing. If you make sure to be surrounded with positive people, there’s no telling how greatly that influence ______213______ (shape) your life.
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My name is Adam. I find it a big challenge to be a freshman at senior high school. I am sure that there are a lot ____214____(explore), and I know I’ll have to study ____215____ (hard) than before and get used to taking responsibility for a lot more. Though I may meet with a lot of ____216____ (difficulty), I will try to be well prepared for university or whatever else comes.
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Despite losing one arm, Zhang Jiacheng hopes to never lose ___217___ (he) love for basketball or willingness to improve his skills on the court. The 13-year-old recently gained wide attention from netizens in China when a video of his excellent dribbling skills in a one-on-one situation ___218___ (post) online. “It’s so inspiring. How can you ___219___ (easy) give up your efforts after watching his video ” One netizen wrote on Sina Weibo. Born in southern Chinese province of Guangdong, Zhang lost his right arm owing ___220___ an accident when he was only five, ___221___ was a disaster for such a young kid. Zhang, however, decided to face up to the hardship, and not let the fate ___222___ (control) his life. Because he has a dream: to be a basketball player. “How can he play basketball with just one arm ” Zhang always had to face doubt from other kids around. “Hard work” is his only response. Whether it is rainy or windy, Zhang never stops ___223___ (play) basketball, and has witnessed huge improvement in his skills. “Your right hand has been taken away in a cruel way, but you have the best left hand. You are the real star in this game,” former CBA player Wang Jing said after watching Zhang’s ___224___ (perform). “Give it a try, ___225___ give it up,” Zhang wrote when releasing one video. Indeed, he ____226____ (choose) the former.
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An elderly carpenter was ready to retire. The employer asked if he could build just one more house for him ___227___a personal favor. The carpenter said yes,___228___in time it was easy to see that his heart was not in his work. He used bad workmanship and inferior materials. When the carpenter finished his work, the employer came to inspect the house and handed the front-door key to the carpenter." This is___229___ house, " he said, "my gift to you."
What a shock! If he___230___(know) he was building his own house, he would have done it all so differently. Now he had to live in the home he___231___(build) none too well.
So___232___is with us. We build our lives, a day at a time, often___233___( put) less than our___234___(good) into the building. Then, with a shock, we realize we have to live in the house we have built. Think of yourself as the carpenter. Every day you hammer a nail, place a board, or build a wall. "Life is___235___do-it-yourself project. "Your life tomorrow will be the result of your attitude and the choices you make today.
____236____, build wisely!
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Schoolwork can be stressful sometimes, especially in the final year of high school, which can affect our health. Therefore, finding a good way to deal ___237___ pressure is important. I just discovered my new favorite method: trampolining (蹦床运动)!
The door opens and you are amazed ___238___ (see) people jumping and flying around like superheroes. The trampoline park is full of ___239___ (colour) trampolines. For beginners, it is the best area to start.
It was a little bit ___240___ (frighten) at the beginning, as we could hardly walk on the trampolines. ___241___ when I started to jump, I felt all the stress leave my body. After jumping for a while, I ___242___ (lie) down and closed my eyes, imagining I had become a bird that could touch the sky.
There were some other bouncing (弹跳) ___243___ (activity). My favorite one was the basketball dunking (扣篮) area, ___244___ included a basketball hoop above runway trampolines. With the power of bouncing, I could dunk like ___245___ NBA superstar. It was not only relaxing, but also fun!
While outdoor activities ____246____ (large) depend on the weather, indoor trampoline parks are really good places to go whenever you want to have a good time.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ___247___ ，through agriculture. Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ___248___ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person ___249___ hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children. And，as more children were born，more food ___250___(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ___251___(change)lives.
By about 6000 BC，people ___252___ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the ___253___ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， ___254___ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with ___255___ rise of science，changes began. New methods _____256_____ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so，these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式（注意：有的空格可能不止一词）。
Happiness is for everyone. You don’t need to admire _____257_____ who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have _____258_____ (value) cars and lots of money. _____259_____ (actual) happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble, your friends will lend you _____260_____ hand. When you are successful, you friends will provide you with _____261_____ (congratulate). When you do something wrong, people who love you will help you correct it. And doing something good for others makes you feel happy, too. Taking a look around you, you’ll see that you are surrounded with _____262_____ (happy).
Happiness is not necessarily related _____263_____ money. It is a feeling in your heart. When you are poor, you can also say you are very OPP because you have something else _____264_____ can’t be bought with money. When _____265_____(meet) with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances ______266______ (challenge) yourself. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and lucky person.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
My grandfather was a house_____267_____(paint).Once, when in college, I helped Grandpa paint a house.While working inside, I noticed he was very skilled at giving a wall a quality coat of paint so quickly._____268_____fact,during the time that he was painting,he could carry on a conversation with the home owner, _____269_____ (laugh) all the time.
At one point,he stopped to watch me.He noticed how I _____270_____ (dip) the brush in the paint bucket(桶) and how I carefully wiped off both sides of the brush as I pulled it out not to waste any paint.Then I spread the thin coat of paint on the wall without spilling(溢出)a drop.It was a long, _____271_____ (bore)process,but I dared not laugh or have a kidding for fear of making_____272_____mess.Finally,he gave me some_____273_____ (suggest).“Here, watch this,” he said, as he took the brush from my hand.“See, this is how you did it.Don’t worry about spills and messes.They can always_____274_____ (clean) up.Treat a wall like you treat people.Be generous and have fun.Always put together paint on the brush.” Yes,he did spill a few drops, but I noticed his wall looked much_____275_____ (good)than mine.I also noticed he was having great fun.
Life is not always perfect.Some days,we spill few drops;some days,we spill a lot.The only thing that really matters is _____276_____the wall looks like when we are done and how much fun we have painting it.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dear Myself,
Life is scary. One day you wake up feeling like you can take over the world, and the next day you wake up ____277____(feel) like all you want to do is to lay in bed and hide from everything.
People walk into your life, grab your hand, and lead you to ____278____(beautiful) path you've known, but sometimes the same people let go of your hand without warning, and you become ____279____ (trap) in a place where you never thought you'd feel lost.
Let's be honest, sometimes everything is going so great and it seems like nothing could go wrong , but right when you begin to think that, something so horrible comes ____280____ (crash) down and all of a sudden more problems come ricocheting(弹跳) around you and you just feel so hopeless cause it's so bad.
____281____ is so hard to understand why such things happen in life, and I personally wish I had an answer to that "why " You always ask yourself, but all I can say that is no matter ____282____ hard life gets, you have to keep going. The life around you will never stop going on.
I'll be honest and say that sometimes I feel a little bit worried and all I can think is "Will I be able to keep up What if everything goes too fast " But I realized ____283____being scared and living with that burden of running away from problems only slow me down even more.
And I've come to the point ____284____ I believe that because life never stops, I shouldn't stop either. It's okay to take break and to give yourself time ____285____ (heal), but you cannot give up and you cannot quit.
Keep positive, fill you heart with gratitude for what you already have, and always _____286_____(remind) yourself to be humble and true to who you are!
With Love
Your Soul
参考答案：
1．who 2．invitation 3．borrowed 4．best 5．missing 6．to buy 7．back 8．extremely 9．when 10．be affected
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章是著名小说《项链》的一个片段，作者以这篇文章告诫人们——一个人不应该受虚荣心的影响。
1．考查定语从句。句意：一天，在政府办公室工作的皮埃尔收到了参加宫廷舞会的邀请。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Pierre，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词who引导定语从句。故填who。
2．考查名词。句意同上。不定冠词an后需接可数名词单数，invite的名词为invitation“邀请”。故填invitation。
3．考查时态。句意：他的妻子玛蒂尔德没有钱买珠宝，所以她向她的朋友珍妮借了一条漂亮的项链。根据主句谓语动词had可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，所以空处谓语动词需用一般过去时。故填borrowed。
4．考查形容词最高级。句意：她说那是她一生中最美好的时刻。根据前一句“She looked very beautiful and they had a wonderful time that evening.( 她看起来很漂亮，那天晚上他们玩得很开心。)”可知，因为玩得很开心，由此可知，空处需用形容词good的最高级best，表示这是一生中最美好的时刻。故填best。
5．考查形容词。句意：但舞会之后，她发现项链不见了。分析句子结构可知，空处需用形容词作宾语补足语，表示项链不见了需用形容词missing“不在的，丢失的”。故填missing。
6．考查动词不定式。句意：他们不得不借很多钱给珍妮买一条新项链。本句已有谓语动词 borrow，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词，此处表示借钱来买项链，所以空处需用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to buy。
7．考查固定短语。句意：为了还钱，他们夜以继日地工作了10年。由后文“ they worked day and night for 10 years.”可知，空处需用动词短语pay back，表示为了还钱，夜以继日地工作了10年。故填back。
8．考查副词。句意：玛蒂尔德变得非常老了，所以10年后，当他们在公园相遇时，珍妮没有认出她来。空处需用副词作状语修饰形容词old，extreme的副词为extremely“很，非常”。故填extremely。
9．考查连词。句意同上。根据空后“10 years later”和句意可知，空处需用when“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句。故填when。
10．考查被动语态。句意：从这个故事中，我们知道一个人不应该受到虚荣心的影响，否则他会付出很多代价。根据空后“by vanity (虚荣心)”和句意可知，空处需用情态动词的被动语态：shouldn’t be done，表示不应该被虚荣心影响。故填be affected。
11．happened 12．vigorous 13．down 14．qualified 15．unfortunately 16．to 17．was stuck 18．to panic 19．it 20．perseverance
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者偷偷地跟随探险队到南极探险的经历，虽然旅途很艰难，但队员的关心和坚持让作者充满了希望。
11．考查时态。句意：恰好我在广告中读到了关于南极探险的消息。固定句型It happens that...“碰巧……”根据下文时态可知，文章描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填happened。
12．考查形容词。句意：我身体健康，精力充沛，所以我申请加入探险队。此处与形容词fit是并列成分，应用形容词vigorous，作表语。故填vigorous。
13．考查固定短语。句意：但沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他觉得我太年轻，不够条件。根据“because he thought I was too young”可知，沙克尔顿拒绝了作者，固定短语turn down“拒绝”。故填down。
14．考查形容词。句意：但沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他觉得我太年轻，不够条件。此处作表语，应用形容词qualified“有资格的”。故填qualified。
15．考查副词。句意：我偷偷上了船，不幸的是后来被发现了。此处修饰整句话，应用副词，作状语；根据“I was later discovered”可知，此处指“不幸的是后来被发现了”，应用unfortunately。故填unfortunately。
16．考查介词。句意：去南极洲的旅程并不容易。固定搭配the journey to“去……的旅程”，to是介词。故填to。
17．考查时态语态。句意：“坚忍号”被困在冰里，我们不得不放弃我们的船。根据语境可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主语Endurance与stick是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填was stuck。
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：这不是恐慌的时候。此处修饰名词time，常用动词不定式，作后置定语，time to do“做某事的时候”。故填to panic。
19．考查固定搭配。句意：我们在象岛安顿好后不久，沙克尔顿离开我们寻求帮助，因为航程太危险和太难了，我们所有人都无法乘坐小船上路。固定搭配make it“（经历艰难困苦后）成功做某事”。故填it。
20．考查名词。句意：虽然生活很艰难，但弗兰克和厄姆斯特真正的关心和坚持让我充满了希望。此处与concern是并列成分，应用名词perseverance，作主语，不可数。故填perseverance。
21．criteria 22．it 23．regarded 24．fashionable 25．wholly 26．in 27．what 28．However 29．is accompanied 30．which
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了因为受各种因素影响人们对美的评判标准不一样，但是内在美还是一样的。
【详解】1.考查名词单复数。句意：没有精准的标准可以用来评判什么是美丽的。根据设空前形容词precise及are可知，设空处要填名词复数，作主语。故填criteria。
2.考查代词。句意：正如人类学家Margaret Mead曾经说过的一样，美的标准和观念会随着时间推移而变化。固定句式：as sb. put it 意为“正如某人所说”。故填it。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，一些服饰和动作在19世纪曾被认为是美丽的，但现在却不被认为是健康的或有吸引力的，而一些现在流行的东西在过去有不同的功能。分析句子，本句的谓语动词为consider，once 　　　3　　　 (regard) as beauty in the 19th century为后置定语，修饰句子主语some costumes and actions，且与空前名词是被动关系，用过去分词，故填regarded。
4.考查形容词。句意同上。结合设空前something可知，此处要用形容词作后置定语。故填fashionable。
5.考查副词。句意：这里没有关于美的统一的观点，因为美是受文化影响，并且在旁人眼里它甚至是完全不同的。根据设空后的形容词different，可知设空处需要副词修饰形容词，故填wholly。
6.考查介词。句意：在一些国家，在准备婚礼过程中年轻女士要遵循减肥饮食来减掉额外的体重 。根据句意可知，设空处及其后文构成介词短语在句中作时间状语，所以设空处需填表示时间的介词，即“在……期间”，故填in。
7.考查表语从句。句意：在其他文化中，对于未婚夫来说，看起来苗条根本不是一个女士所想要的。分析句子，空处引导的从句在句中作表语，又从句中缺少宾语，根据句意可知，宾语指物，故填what。
8.考查副词。句意：无论多么不同，一件事是肯定的—内在美要求我们真正地看到。分析句子结构，可知，　　8　　 different在句中作让步状语，结合其后形容词different，根据句式however+ adj.，意为“无论......;不管......”因为其位于句首，所以首字母大写。故填However。
9.考查时态和语态。句意：美，也就是说，伴随着对一个人内心深处某种东西的吸引力，这种吸引力可以在广泛的个人品质中找到。描述一个客观的事实，用一般现在时；“Beauty”和“accompany”之间是被动关系，用被动语态；结合句子主语beauty，为抽象名词，不可数，谓语动词用单数。故填is accompanied。
10.考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，设空处及之后的内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为an attraction，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，所以用关系代词which引导该从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
31．patience 32．be learned 33．that##which 34．stronger 35．to pretend 36．to 37．characters 38．the 39．asking 40．successfully
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何引导孩子提高自己的坚持不懈的能力。
31．考查名词。句意：当事情不尽如人意时，孩子们比以往任何时候都更没有耐心。设空处由less修饰，且做动词have的宾语，应填不可数名词；patient的名词为patience，意为“耐心”。故填patience。
32．考查语态。句意：好消息是，坚持是一种可以学习的技能，即使是在电子时代。skill为先行词，后接限定性定语从句，设空处为从句的谓语动词，learn与逻辑主语skill之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，情态动词后应用be+动词过去分词。故填be learned。
33．考查定语从句。句意：虽然有很多精神力量练习可以教会孩子坚持到底，但蝙蝠侠效应是一个有趣而简单的方式，让孩子们知道他们比自己想象的更强大。mental strength exercises为先行词，后接限定性定语从句，在从句mental strength exercises作主语，为物，设空处可用关系代词that或which引导从句。故填that/which。
34．考查形容词比较级。句意：虽然有很多精神力量练习可以教会孩子坚持到底，但蝙蝠侠效应是一个有趣而简单的方式，让孩子们知道他们比自己想象的更强大。设空处后前为be动词，后有than，设空处应用形容词比较级。故填stronger。
35．考查非谓语动词。句意：2016年发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项研究显示，告诉你的孩子假装自己是蝙蝠侠、探险家多拉、建筑师鲍勃或其他努力工作的角色，可以提高他坚持不懈的能力。动词短语tell sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“告诉某人做某事”，设空处应用动词不定式做补语。故填to pretend。
36．考查介词。句意：2016年发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项研究显示，告诉你的孩子假装自己是蝙蝠侠、探险家多拉、建筑师鲍勃或其他努力工作的角色，可以提高他坚持不懈的能力。此处考查介词短语according to，意为“根据，依据”，做状语。故填to。
37．考查名词复数。句意：找出你孩子最喜欢的角色之一——确保是一个勤奋的人，比如长发公主。根据“one of+名词复数”，设空处应用名词复数，故填characters。
38．考查冠词。句意：假装是莴苣姑娘，用莴苣姑娘会做的方法来做你的工作。same应与定冠词the搭配，the same意为“相同的，同样的”。故填the。
39．考查动名词。句意：定期对他进行检查，问他:“最近怎么样，乐佩 ”介词by后接动名词，作介词by的宾语。故用asking。
40．考查副词。句意：每次你的孩子成功地坚持下去，他就会建立起他需要的精神力量去做困难的事情。设空处在谓语动词persevere前，应用副词，修饰动词。形容词successful的副词为successfully，作状语。故填successfully。
41．is approaching 42．where 43．it 44．higher 45．what 46．setting 47．failure 48．but 49．a 50．turning
【分析】这是一篇议论文。论述了在生活中，面对挫折与困境，我们应该像雄鹰借助暴风雨一样，展翅高飞，而非畏畏缩缩，停滞不前。
41．考查动词时态。句意：你知道吗，早在暴风雨来临之前，鹰就知道暴风雨即将来临。此处表示“即将来临”用现在进行时表将来，主语为a storm，谓语动词用单数。故填is approaching。
42．考查定语从句。句意：它会飞到一个很高的地方，在那里等待风的到来。此处为定语从句修饰先行词spot，且先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
43．考查代词。句意：当风暴袭来时，它展开翅膀，这样风就会把它吹起，把它托起在风暴之上。此处指上文提到的雄鹰应用代词it。故填it。
44．考查比较级。句意：相反，它只是利用风暴让自己升得更高。much修饰比较级，表示“更高”应用higher。故填higher。
45．考查宾语从句。句意：它借着风暴带来的大风飞得更高。此处为介词后的宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的”应用what引导。故填what。
46．考查非谓语动词。句意：当生活中的暴风雨降临时——我们每个人都将经历它们——我们只要坚定可以成功的信念，就能凌驾于风暴之上。分析句子结构可知，set在句中应用非谓语动词形式，作介词by的宾语，应用动名词。故填setting。
47．考查名词。句意：我们可以乘着给我们生活带来疾病、悲剧、失败和失望的风暴，飞得更高。此处作bring的宾语，表示“失败”应填名词failure，且failure此处表示抽象概念，不可数。故填failure。
48．考查连词。句意：请记住，压垮我们的不是生活的重担，而是我们如何处理生活的重担。结合句意表示“不是……而是……”可知短语为not…but…。故填but。
49．考查冠词。句意：对一些人来说，生活中的风暴是一场灾难，只留下一片废墟；而另一些人则视风暴为人生的转折点。disaster为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且disaster是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。
50．考查名词。句意：对一些人来说，生活中的风暴是一场灾难，只留下一片废墟；而另一些人则视风暴为人生的转折点。结合句意表示“转折点”可知短语为turning point，名词turning作定语。故填turning。
51．fell 52．stronger 53．but
【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为失败是成功之母。
51．考查一般过去时。句意：他们摔倒了，受伤了，然后继续设计，创造，并发现了更好，更强大，更难忘和更有价值的东西。根据“got injured and went on to design”可知，应用一般过去时。故填fell。
52．考查比较级。句意：他们摔倒了，受伤了，然后继续设计，创造，并发现了更好，更强大，更难忘和更有价值的东西。根据“found something better... more memorable and valuable”可知，此处应用形容词比较级。故填stronger。
53．考查关联词。句意：对他们来说，失败不是终点，而是成功之路的开始。not...but...意为“不是……而是……”，为固定句式。故填but。
54．about 55．has 56．closer 57．other 58．failure 59．that/which 60．but 61．getting 62．to take 63．successful
【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要说明了获得成功的真谛比想象的要近。成功就在彼岸，必须对成功充满渴望，心甘情愿去实现它。指出恐惧是想成功的最大障碍，成功没有借口。
54．考查介词。句意：有些人以此为目标，其他人只是谈论而已。结合句意表示“谈论某事”可知短语为talk about sth.。故填about。
55．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们都知道别人拥有它是什么样子的。根据上文know可知应用一般现在时，且主语为someone else，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填has。
56．考查比较级。句意：成功的真谛比你想象的要近。根据后文“than you think”可知应用比较级closer。故填closer。
57．考查代词。句意：成功就在彼岸，你必须对成功充满渴望，心甘情愿去实现它。此处指两者中的另一个，应用the other。故填other。
58．考查名词。句意：恐惧是你想成功的最大障碍，害怕失败，害怕别人的评价。此处作介词of的宾语，应用名词failure，表示抽象概念，不可数。故填failure。
59．考查定语从句。句意：它会使你做出决定，这些决定在当时看起来是“正确的”，但它们却会阻止你真正去克服那堵墙。此处为定语从句修饰先行词decisions，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。
60．考查连词。句意：它会使你做出决定，这些决定在当时看起来是“正确的”，但它们却会阻止你真正去克服那堵墙。结合前后文语境可知，此处表转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：它会使你做出决定，这些决定在当时看起来是“正确的”，但它们却会阻止你真正去克服那堵墙。结合句意表示“阻止某人做某事”可知短语为prevent sb. from doing sth.。故填getting。
62．考查非谓语动词。句意：当你找到理由不朝成功再迈进一步时，就是你停止获得成功的那一刻。结合句意表示“找到理由不做某事”可知为find a reason not to do sth，动词不定式作后置定语。故填to take。
63．考查形容词。句意：当你找到理由不朝成功再迈进一步时，就是你停止获得成功的那一刻。根据上文being可知应填形容词successful，作表语。故填successful。
64．to imagine 65．staying 66．growing 67．Though/Although 68．were 69．quickly 70．optimistic 71．in 72．commitment 73．but
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。主要讲了面对沙克尔顿的危险，我们的乐观和信心帮助我们坚持活下去。
64．考查固定句式。句意：我们很容易想象沙克尔顿面临的危险。“it' s+ 形容词+for+sb.to do sth.”是一个固定句式，意为：对某人来说做某事是……的。故填to imagine。
65．考查非谓语动词。句意：对我们来说，活下去需要我们所有的时间和精力。分析可知空格处与alive共同构成句子的主语，故空格处填非谓语动词，表示一般性的动作用动名词作主语，故填staying。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：南极洲没有树木，也没有石油，所以我们必须燃烧动物脂肪。句子的谓语是were，故空格处填所给动词的非谓语形式，trees与grow是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填growing。
67．考查连词。句意：虽然海洋生物的肉是我们所有的食物，但如果没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死。空格所在的句子主干成分完整，且以逗号结尾，故空格处填连词。由句意可知，空格后的句子与后一句是让步关系，故此处用Though/Although引导让步状语从句。故填Though/Although。
68．考查if条件句中的虚拟语气。句意：虽然海洋生物的肉是我们所有的食物，但如果没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死。分析可知if引导的条件句描述的内容与现在事实相反，故此处是对现在的虚拟，谓语用一般过去式，be用were，故填were。
69．考查副词。句意：汗水可能很快就会结冰，所以我们必须小心不要太频繁地外出。空格前是动词freeze，故空格处填副词修饰该动词。故填quickly。
70．考查形容词。句意：我们的纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，帮助我们以积极和成功的方式处理我们的恐惧。“keep sb. +形容词”意为：让某人保持……。故空格处填形容词，此处指让我们保持乐观。故填optimistic。
71．考查固定搭配。句意：我们的纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，帮助我们以积极和成功的方式处理我们的恐惧。“in a+形容词+way”是一个固定搭配，意为：以一种……的方式。故填in。
72．考查名词。句意：他以他的承诺来回报我们，将我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救出来。空格前是形容词性物主代词his，故空格填名词，表抽象意义，不可数，故填commitment。
73．考查连词。句意：他以他的承诺来回报我们，将我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救出来。根据句意可知slow和painful之间是转折关系，故填but。
74．increasing 75．tourism 76．What 77．are 78．being mined 79．with 80．to provide 81．originally 82．has been 83．whose
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了2021年世界各国的主要太空项目。
74．考查形容词。句意：越来越多国家和商业公司正在投资探索外太空的技术。作定语，修饰名词number，表示“越来越”应用increasing。故填increasing。
75．考查名词。句意：太空探索技术公司的埃隆·马斯克和维珍银河的理查德·布兰森等企业家正将目光投向太空旅游业，将宇航员送往火星。结合句意，表示“旅游业”应用tourism，space tourism“太空旅游业”。故填tourism。
76．考查主语从句。句意：曾经只可能在科幻小说发生的事情如今迅速成为现实。分析句子结构可知，该句谓语是is becoming，宾语是the fact，所以设空处引导主语从句，从句充当该句主语，指代“……的事情”，应用what引导。句首字母要大写。故填What。
77．考查主谓一致。句意：这是技术的进步，我们可能不再对小行星开发、火星移民或新式度假（例如到月球度假）的消息感到惊讶。由设空处后是名词fushuthe advances可知，设空处的系动词需用复数形式are。故填are。
78．考查非谓语动词。句意：这是技术的进步，我们可能不再对小行星开发、火星移民或新式度假（例如到月球度假）的消息感到惊讶。分析可知，介词of后为动名词的复合结构，且asteroids与mine之间是被动关系，所以此处需用动名词的被动语态，故填being mined。
79．考查介词。句意：今年将以一个激动人心的项目开始，该项目将帮助科学家更好地了解宇宙。start with是固定短语，意为“从……开始”。故填with。
80．考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目将研究空间中小粒子的碰撞，以深入了解行星最初是如何形成的。分析句子结构可知，该句谓语是will study，并结合句意，设空处应填不定式to provide，充当目的状语。故填to provide。
81．考查副词。句意：该项目将研究空间中小粒子的碰撞，以深入了解行星最初是如何形成的。分析句子结构可知，设空处应填副词originally作状语，修饰动词formed。故填originally。
82．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自太空时代以来，将火星样本送回地球一直是行星科学家的目标。由时间状语“since the early days of the space age”可知，该句时态应为现在完成时。因为主语是动名词短语Returning samples of Mars to Earth，所以此处助动词用has。故填has been。
83．考查定语从句。句意：今年十月，詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜将发射升空，其任务是观测宇宙形成后最初出现的星系。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句。先行词the James Webb Space Telescope与mission之间是所属关系，所以此处需用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。
84．an 85．who 86．as 87．required 88．unlock 89．entrances 90．working 91．have become 92．celebrated 93．if
【分析】这是一篇议论文。短文告诉读者如果一个人让他的才能休息，就像废弃钥匙上的铁一样，他的才能很快就会生锈，最后就不能完成安排给他的工作了。
【详解】1.考查冠词。句意：在一把旧钥匙上发现了这句意味深长的话:“如果我休息，我就会生锈。”对于那些懒散而懒散的人来说，这将是至理名言。old key在文中首次出现，old首字母的发音为元音音素，冠词为an，故填an。
2.考查定语从句。句意：在一把旧钥匙上发现了这句意味深长的话:“如果我休息，我就会生锈。”对于那些懒散而懒散的人来说，这将是至理名言。定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词是those（那些人），所以关系代词只能用who。故填who。
3.考查介词和固定搭配。句意：甚至最勤勉的人也以此作为警示:如果一个人让他的才能休息，就像废弃钥匙上的铁一样，这些才能就会很快生锈，最后，就无法完成安排给自己的工作了。serve as意为“充当，起……作用”，为固定搭配，故填as。
4.考查过去分词。句意：甚至最勤勉的人也以此作为警示:如果一个人让他的才能休息，就像废弃钥匙上的铁一样，这些才能就会很快生锈，最后，就无法完成安排给自己的工作了。动词require（要求）和work构成被动关系，所以用过去分词required作work的后置定语。故填required。
5.考查动词。句意：有些人要达到伟人所达到并保持的目标，他们就必须不断运用自己的头脑，使之保持活跃，以便开启知识的大门，即那些通往人类努力工作的各个领域的大门，这些领域包括各种不同的职业:科学、艺术、文学、农业。根据宾语“知识的大门”可知，是要打开知识的大门。may后接动词原形。故填unlock。
6.考查名词。句意：有些人要达到伟人所达到并保持的目标，他们就必须不断运用自己的头脑，使之保持活跃，以便开启知识的大门，即那些通往人类努力工作的各个领域的大门，这些领域包括各种不同的职业:科学、艺术、文学、农业。动词guard（保卫）后应用名词，且是指“各个领域的大门”，所以应用复数形式。故填entrances。
7.考查动名词。句意：如果休·米勒在工作了一天之后，晚上休息娱乐的话，他就不会成为著名的地质学家。介词after之后动词应用动名词形式。故填working。
8.考查虚拟语气。句意：如果休·米勒在工作了一天之后，晚上休息娱乐的话，他就不会成为著名的地质学家。米勒实际上是成为了著名的地质学家，所以此处是对过去事实的虚拟语气，且此处是主句。故填have become。
9.考查形容词。句意：著名数学家埃德蒙·斯通如果闲暇时无所事事，就不会出版数学词典，也不会发现开启数学之门的钥匙。修饰名词mathematician（数学家）应用形容词。故填celebrated。
10.考查虚拟语气。句意：著名数学家埃德蒙·斯通如果闲暇时无所事事，就不会出版数学词典，也不会发现开启数学之门的钥匙。埃德蒙·斯事实上是勤勤恳恳，所以此处是对过去事实的虚拟语气，所以此处是if引导的虚拟从句。故填if。
94．who##that 95．had worked 96．to arrange 97．down 98．suitable 99．given 100．week's 101．what 102．being 103．appreciation
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过作者为朋友介绍工作的经历，说明了作者很感激能够在澳大利亚生活，作者相信这种感激最好的证明就是向需要帮助的人提供善意的帮助。
94．考查定语从句。句意：我最近和一个年轻人成为了朋友，他刚刚移民到澳大利亚，以逃避他祖国的战争。　　1　　had just migrated to Australia to escape war in his homeland.是一个定语从句，先行词是a young man，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，所以填who/that。
95．考查时态。句意：在我找到一份更好的工作之前，我在澳大利亚的一家公司工作了十多年。表示发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时，所以填had worked。
96．考查常见用法。句意：经理让我介绍一个我认为和我一样能胜任这份工作的人，所以我利用这个机会为我的新朋友安排了一次面试。take this opportunity to do sth. 抓住这个机会去做，该用法是常见用法，所以填to arrange。
97．考查固定短语。句意：后来，我问经理为什么我的朋友被拒绝了。turn down拒绝，该短语是固定短语，所以填down。
98．考查形容词。句意：经理认为他的英语水平不适合这个职位，但我建议我的朋友应该是公司的合适人选，因为我可以培训他。该空修饰名词choice，用形容词，所以填suitable。
99．考查非谓语动词。句意：我相信只要给他时间学习，他就能做好这份工作。“他”和“给”之间是被动关系，用过去分词作条件状语，所以填given。
100．考查名词所有格。句意：经过一周的培训，他被录用了，对自己的职位很满意。文中表示“一周的培训”，用名词所有格，所以填week's。
101．考查宾语从句。句意：我知道可怕的战争是如何迫使他离开祖国的，也知道他为此付出了什么代价。　　8　　 price he had paid for doing so.是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，表示“付出了什么代价”，用what引导，所以填what。
102．考查固定用法。句意：我很感激能够在澳大利亚生活，我相信这种感激最好的证明就是向需要帮助的人提供善意的帮助。appreciate doing感激，该用法是固定用法，所以填being。
103．考查名词。that this 　　10　　 (appreciate) is best proved by offering acts of kindness to people in need of help.是一个宾语从句，该空在从句中作主语，用名词，所以填appreciation。
104．got 105．the 106．for 107．terribly 108．to lay 109．finding 110．which/that 111．healthy 112．is done 113．Things
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲了帝王蝶这种蝴蝶的数量在下降，造成它们数量下降的原因、它们的重要性以及人们可以做些什么去拯救它们。
104．考查动词时态。句意：他们在2018年秋季的帝王蝶得到了一个令人担忧的结果。2018年是过去时间，谓语动词用过去式，故填got。
105．考查固定短语。句意：自从2017年帝王蝶的数量已经下降了86%。短语the number of...“......的数量”，故填the。
106．考查固定短语。句意：橙色和黑色相间的帝王蝶因它们的长途迁徙而闻名。短语be famous for...“因......闻名”，故填for。
107．考查副词。句意：帝王蝶和大多数蝴蝶一样，对植物非常重要。terrible意为糟糕的、非常严重的，是形容词，important意为重要的，是形容词，用副词修饰，terrible的副词形式是terribly，意为很、非常，故填terribly。
108．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们完全依赖一种叫做乳草的植物产卵。短语depend on...to do...“依靠......去做某事”，to do不定式表目的，故填to lay。
109．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着越来越多的野生土地变成大型农场，帝王蝶很难找到足够乳草。have trouble doing...“做某事有困难”，故填finding。
110．考查定语从句连接词。句意：许多农场也使用杀虫剂来杀死昆虫，以保护他们的植物。chemicals在此指化学药品，是定语从句的先行词，定语从句中少主语成分，用关系代词，代指前面的名词并且指物应该用关系代词which/that，故填which/that。
111．考查形容词。句意：此外，污染使得乳草对帝王蝶的健康状况不如从前。less后接形容词原形，health意为健康，是名词，其形容词形式是healthy，意为健康的。故填healthy。
112．y考查动词时态语态。句意：科学家表示，如果不采取措施拯救帝王蝶，它们将在未来20年面临灭绝的危险。此处事情是被做，用被动语态，结构为be done，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，nothing意为什么也没有，谓语动词用单数，be动词的单数形式是is，故填is done。
113．考查名词的数。句意：人们可以做的事情包括种植乳草，控制化学品的使用，保护野生地区，植树。后面列举出了很多人们可以做的事情，故此处可数名词thing用其复数形式，句首单词首字母大写，故填Things。
114．who 115．making 116．sweetly 117．an 118．haven’t seen 119．Whether 120．is arranged 121．decision 122．choice 123．on
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位92岁的老人积极乐观地面对生活，故事告诉我们幸福是一种态度。
114．考查定语从句。句意：这位92岁的自信骄傲的女士，虽然她完全失明，但她每天早上8点就穿好衣服，头发梳得很时髦，妆容也很完美，今天她搬到了一家养老院。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为lady，指人，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。
115．考查非谓语动词。句意：她丈夫最近去世了，这使她不得不搬去养老院。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“passed away”且句中无连词，故应用make的非谓语动词，句中“使她不得不搬去养老院”为自然而然的结果，故应用make的现在分词making，在句中作结果状语。故填making。
116．考查副词。句意：在养老院的大厅里耐心地等了好几个小时后，当她被告知自己的房间已经准备好时，她甜甜地笑了。分析句子可知，句中“smiled”意为“微笑”，动词词性，应用副词修饰，sweet意为“甜的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为sweetly，意为“甜美地”。故填sweetly。
117．考查冠词。句意：“我喜欢它，”她满怀激情地说，就像一个八岁的孩子刚被送了一只新狗一样。分析句子可知，句中“child”意为“孩子”，为可数名词，句中泛指一个八岁的孩子，应用不定冠词修饰，“eight”单词音标的第一个音素为元音音素，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
118．考查时态。句意：“琼斯太太，你还没看过房间……等等。”分析句子可知，句中指从过去到现在为止，琼斯太太还没有看过房间，由此可知，句子应用现在完成时，you与have连用，“have not”可缩写成“haven’t”，see意为“看见”，动词词性，过去分词为seen。故填haven’t seen。
119．考查固定短语。句意：幸福是你提前决定的事情。我是否喜欢我的房间并不取决于家具的布置……它取决于我是如何安排我的思想的。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“whether……or not”，意为“是否”，故空格处应用连词whether，句首单词首字母大写。故填Whether。
120．考查时态和语态。句意：幸福是你提前决定的事情。我是否喜欢我的房间并不取决于家具的布置……它取决于我是如何安排我的思想的。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，句子主语“furniture”与“arrange”之间为被动关系，即家具被布置，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，furniture为不可数名词，与is连用，arrange意为“布置”，动词词性，过去分词为arranged。故填is arranged。
121．考查名词。句意：我已经决定爱它了，这是我每天早上醒来时做的决定。根据句意和句中不定冠词“a”可知，空格处应用名词，在句中作表语，decide意为“决定”，动词词性，对应的名词为decision，意为“决定”，根据空格前不定冠词“a”可知，应用decision的单数形式。故填decision。
122．考查名词。句意：我有一个选择：我可以在床上度过一天，思考我身体中那些不再工作的部分的困难，或者起床，并感谢那些工作的部分。根据句意和句中不定冠词“a”可知，空格处应用名词，在句中作宾语，choose意为“选择”，动词词性，对应的名词为choice，意为“选择”，根据空格前不定冠词“a”可知，应用choice的单数形式。故填choice。
123．考查固定短语。句意：每一天都是一份礼物，只要我睁开眼睛，我就会关注新的一天和我储存的所有快乐的回忆……就为了生命中这一时刻。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“focus on”，意为“关注，聚焦于”，故空格处应用介词on。故填on。
124．asked 125．older 126．absolutely 127．the 128．lies 129．which 130．was invited 131．responsibility 132．on 133．to gain
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了随着年龄的增长，人们对幸福的理解会有所不同，以及作者对幸福的定义。
124．考查非谓语动词。句意：当被问及幸福时，我们总是想到一些不同寻常的事情，一种绝对的快乐，而随着年龄的增长，这种快乐似乎会越来越少。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词和when一起构成时间状语，逻辑主语we和ask之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填asked。
125．考查形容词。句意：当被问及幸福时，我们总是想到一些不同寻常的事情，一种绝对的快乐，而随着年龄的增长，这种快乐似乎会越来越少。分析句子，结合上文的less可知，此处应用old的比较级作从句表语。故填older。
126．考查副词。句意：赢得一场比赛或者得到一辆新的自行车是绝对令人愉快的。分析可知，此处应用副词修饰形容词pleasant，作状语。故填absolutely。
127．考查冠词。句意：在青少年时期，幸福观发生改变。concept“观念”为可数名词，此处指青少年时期的幸福观，是特指，应用定冠词。故填the。
128．考查时态。句意：他们的幸福在于诸如兴奋、爱情和受欢迎等事情上，这些在他们年轻时给他们留下了美好的印象。分析可知，设空处为句子谓语动词，结合语境可知此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语their happiness不可数，故谓语动词用单数形式。故填lies。
129．考查定语从句。句意：他们的幸福在于诸如兴奋、爱情和受欢迎等事情上，这些在他们年轻时给他们留下了美好的印象。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词 things在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
130．考查时态和语态。句意：我依然能够回忆起当我在学校的派对上被最有魅力的男生邀请跳舞时的那种兴奋。分析可知，设空处为时间状语从句的谓语动词，结合语境可知此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语I和invite之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was invited。
131．考查名词。句意：成年后，带来深深喜悦感的事情——爱情、婚姻和生育——同时也带来责任和失去的风险。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作bring的宾语，responsibility“责任”符合语境，此处为抽象概念，不可数。故填responsibility。
132．考查介词。句意：它取决于很多方面。此处为固定短语depend on“取决于”。故填on。
133．考查不定式。句意：我们很容易从朋友的陪伴中、从去任何地方的旅行中、甚至从良好的健康中获得快乐。分析可知，此处为固定句型It is + adj. + to do sth.“做某事是......”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。故填to gain。
【点睛】
134．submitted 135．receiving 136．globally 137．because##as##for 138．pursuit 139．filled 140．an 141．for 142．who##whom##that 143．Unforgettable
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了我去参加了一次欧洲夏季课程，并且给我留下深刻难忘的回忆。
134．考查动词时态。句意：我在4月份毫不犹豫地提交了我的申请。分析句子可知，空格处为句子的谓语，整篇文章在讲述过去的事情，为一般过去时态，此处谓语为一般过去时态。故填submitted。
135．考查