高中英语 选择性必修三（人教2019版）Unit 5 Poems 巩固基础练习 语法填空 专项训练 （含答案）

高中英语 选择性必修三（人教2019版）
第五单元 巩固基础练习 语法填空 专项训练
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is ____1____(wide) known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, ____2____ the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main ____3____(factor) has been the Chinese writing system.
At the beginning, ____4____(write) Chinese was a picture-based language. It Dates back several thousand years to the use of Longgu ---- animal bones and shells on which symbols ____5____(carve) by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi.
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols ____6____(become) a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, ____7____(lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty.
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country ____8____the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great ____9____ (important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, _____10_____ matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
As everyone know s, it is Jingdezhen in Jiangxi province ___11___ the local porcelain (瓷器 ) is highly desirable that is the center of world porcelain. Last year, my school ___12___ (hold) a two-day research activity, guided by the slogan, “Exploring ceramic(陶瓷 的)culture, traveling through ancient and modern times”. The aim was to build students’ ___13___ (aware) of traditional culture.
On our way to Jingdezhen, our guide introduced us to the basics of porcelain production. Our first stop was the Museum of Chinese Ceramics, which has ___14___ unique and exquisite collection of porcelain made from materials such as clay(陶土)and stone.
The guide told us of the great achievements in ceramics from ancient times until today. I listened carefully to everything. ___15___ (date) back to Neolithic(新石器时代)period, clay was used ___16___ (make) pottery(陶器), which people used to carry water and food. Today, we still use porcelain but our pottery is far more beautiful than the products of those times.
On the second day, the team leader took us to a small DI Y porcelain factory. Under the ___17___ (guide) of the teacher, we ___18___ (give) some clay and the chance to design a piece of pottery. Although our efforts w ere not as beautiful as the articles in the museum, they w ere our own work. The two-day activity was very ___19___ (enjoy) and meaningful. I learned a lot about porcelain and made an item _____20_____ my own. It meant a lot to me.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditional Chinese painting is the art of painting on a piece of Xuan paper or silk with a Chinese brush ____21____is soaked(浸湿) with black ink or colored pigments. It ____22____ (regard) as one of the three quintessence of Chinese culture, the other two being traditional Chinese medicine and Beijing Opera.
____23____(general) speaking, traditional Chinese painting can be classified into three types, figure painting, landscape painting and flower-and-bird painting.
Figure painting came into maturity as early as the Warring State Period and reached ____24____(it) peak during the Tang Dynasty. Famous figure painting artists include Gu Kaizhi and Wu Dao zi.
Landscape painting, as the name indicates, draws the outside scenery. It first appeared in the Qin Dynasty and became an ____25____ (independence) genre during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. By the time of the Song Dynasty, it ____26____(reach) a very high level.
Flower-and-bird painting concentrates ____27____the drawing of flowers, birds, fishes and insects, etc. in their natural state. It came into being in the Northern and Southern Dynasties and became a mature art during the Song Dynasty.
In ____28____(finish) works of traditional Chinese painting, inscriptions, poems and stamps often come side by side.Therefore, traditional Chinese painting is an art form ____29____(combine) poetry, calligraphy, painting and seal carving. Its artistic achievement and national features have won ____30____(recognize) of the people all over the world. Thus, traditional Chinese painting brings artistic enjoyment for people.
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Cao Zhi, a prince of the state of Cao Wei, ___31___(fall) in love with an official’s daughter. However, she married his brother, Cao Pi, and the prince became disappointed. Later, he composed an ___32___(emotion) poem about the love between the goddess and mortal. In the poem, he praises the nymph (女神) ___33___ her beauty.
“Gazing at her from afar,
She shines like the sun ___34___(rise) above the rosy mists (迷雾) of dawn;
Observing her close by,
She is as bright as a lotus emerging from clear ripples (涟漪).”
In the 4th century, Gu Kaizhi, a Chinese artist, ___35___(move) by the story. He illustrated the poem and created ___36___ we call the Nymph of the Luo River. Unfortunately, the original 4th painting was lost. However, artists made several copies of it, ___37___(probable) during the Song dynasty. The painting is in ___38___ form of a long scroll (卷轴), which describes the plot in sections. Let's unfold the scroll and find out about this beautiful story.
In the beginning, Cao Zhi travels with a group of attendants and has to cross the Luo River. Here, Gu Kaizhi gives full play to his artistic ___39___(imagine). Through clever composition and application of vivid colors, he describes the meeting between Cao Zhi and the nymph, Fu Fei. She flows lightly and stops when she wants to go. ____40____(attract) by her charm, Cao loses his heart to Fu Fei.
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Many people still remember the magic of Father Christmas from when they were children. As parents, they try to keep that magic alive for their children for as long as they can.
That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book for those ____41____ regard Christmas ____42____ a special time of year. The man who wrote these letters is one of the most famous ____43____ (name)in English literature—J. R. R. Tolkien, ____44____ English writer, poet and university professor. The letters were Tolkien’s way of keeping Father Christmas alive for his four children, over a period of more than twenty years.
Every Christmas, an envelope with a North Pole stamp arrived. It ____45____ (address)to Tolkien’s children. The children must have been very ____46____ (excite)as they opened the letter to see who ____47____ could be from. Inside, they would find a handwritten letter from Father Christmas. The letters were also ____48____ (beautiful)illustrated—each must have taken its true author, Tolkien, a long time ____49____ (complete).
Letters from Father Christmas tells us that as well as _____50_____ (enjoy)the adventures of Father Christmas, Polar Bear and other characters at the North Pole, we can all share the true spirit of giving at Christmas time.
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Words are like little gods. The pronoun “him” instead of “her”, if _____51_____ (use) often enough, can scare a girl away from science or math. The words you use _____52_____ (determine) the density of gray matter in your brain. They affect your _____53_____ (politics) ideas, influence how you see reality, decide your level of confidence _____54_____ thus, define what it means to be you. That’s what words do.
As important as your words are _____55_____ shaping your behavior, they are even _____56_____ (important) in the way they shape _____57_____ behavior of others. Your manner of speaking is, if nothing else, the central factor upon _____58_____ people form assumptions about you. Whatever is your final goal in life, chances are good that you’re going to have to communicate your way to it. And if _____59_____ (great) is your goal, well-spoken words are essential. Think about it. From Homer to Hemingway, Lincoln, Churchill, King, Obama—their words are _____60_____ you know them.
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Those days students were preparing for a singing contest actively. Paul, a music teacher, made ____61____(comment) on the students’ performance at the end of a rehearsal (彩排). ____62____ moment he dismissed the students, a girl named Fiona made a path straight toward him, looked him right in the eye and said angrily that she hated him. Paul ____63____(take) aback and frightened by the passion and honesty in her voice. ____64____entirely shocked, he was somehow able to collect himself and stay calm, saying, “Well, that’s a shame, but it’s my duty to remind you and ____65____(inspiration) you.” She didn’t react, but rather stormed away, her anger ____66____(change).
Several days later, they had an occasion to speak in private. Fiona went on to admit quite openly and honestly that ____67____ was herself, not him, who she hated. Because she began to feel a strong sense of fear and pressure when ____68____(stand) on the stage. She believed that no matter how well she prepared, she would perform terribly. Paul realized that she had serious stage fright and also ____69____ maybe he had done something improper several days ago. Then he talked to her patiently and _____70_____(sincere), hoping to help her build the confidence.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
Sometimes in life, you need to act quickly. Thinking too much about a problem ___71___(be)not always beneficial. It can hold us back. But many things in life require careful thought and preparation. "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure," is ___72___ great expression for that kind of behavior. This saying comes to us ___73___ Benjamin Franklin, who was one of the ___74___(found) of the United States. The word “ounce” means something really small, just two-one-hundredths of a kilogram ___75___ (exact). So, when you deal with a problem, spending a small amount of time and effort early on can save you more trouble in the end. For example, if a country announces strong measures for ___76___ (contain)a virus，we could say, “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” It is better ___77___ (take) severe precautions（预防）than to suffer severe consequences later.
Franklin was not talking about disease. ___78___ rather fire prevention. During a visit to Boston in 1733, Franklin ___79___ (impress) with the city’s fire prevention methods. He tried to bring some of those practices to the city of Philadelphia, ____80____he lived. From then on, this expression can be used in many serious situations.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sometimes we may hear from people that English is difficult ____81____(learn). I never thought about this until a small question from my little son changed ___82___(I) mind. He asked me whether ham was a hamburger, ____83____ reminded me that there is no egg in eggplant. What a crazy language English is!
Here _____84_____ (be) some examples that make learners ____85____(confuse). We can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo. We can travel in the car but on the train. And ____86____(speak) of home, homework and housework don’t refer ____87____ the same thing.
What’s more, the meanings of some words don’t follow our logic. Why are “hard” and “soft” an opposite pair while “softly” and “hardly” are not Why are “shameless” and “shameful” _____88_____(behavior) the same
No matter ____89____ crazy English is, it is certain that the language was created by people and therefor it reflects their _____90_____ (creative).
语法填空
Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance ___91___ （study）various living things in their natural environments. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar ___92___ each other.
At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and ___93___（change）since. But Darwin began to think differently.
When the ship reached the Galapagos Islands in 1835, it ___94___（be）the birds that interested him the most. He suspected that the different ___95___（finch）had evolved from a common ancestor, ___96___ had arrived on the islands a long time before.
It was a ___97___（complete）new idea—a theory of evolution. Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species. Many people refused to believe that living things, ___98___（include）humans, had evolved from lower forms of life. But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing ___99___ more and more people started to believe his theory.
Today, the book is regarded as one of the most important works ever ____100____（write）.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
While the Internet has guaranteed the place of English as the most used language, Chinese still holds the top position as the most used mother tongue. Since Shang dynasty, Chinese people ___101___ (use) a complete system of characters. One of the great advantages of using one single writing system is that people ___102___ speak different dialects can understand each other’s writing. Therefore, communication can go on ___103___ many troubles. People in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan still write traditional Chinese characters, while people on China’s mainland use ___104___ (simplify) Chinese characters, but it does not pose much ___105___ (difficult) in recognizing the characters. Some scholars believe that Chinese characters are one of the important ___106___ (factor) that keep South and North China unbroken for ___107___ very long time. Some scholars even consider Chinese characters ___108___ (be) the Fifth Great Invention of Ancient China, alongside the other Four Great Inventions, which are paper, the compass, gunpowder and movable typography (活版印刷术). Though pronunciation marks are ___109___ (slight) different, Chinese characters ___110___ (adopt) in other languages in ancient time, which indicates China`s cultural influence on these countries since ancient times, especially during the Tang(618—907) and the Song(960—1279) dynasties.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
___111___was needed was to make students aware of their learning process. On the surface, a class being taught by PEEL methods only differs from an ordinary class in being a little ___112___(noisy), because more people are talking. But there are some meaningful changes. Students __113__(give) much more time to express their views, and teachers don't make immediate judgment. The students are allowed ___114___ (decide) what is done in class and their own ideas are always respected. This draws their attention to the actual learning process, and they become responsible for their own progress.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As we all know, every sentence we speak____115____ (reflect) something about who we are as humans. Even people____116____ (speak) the same language have distinct dialects( 方 言 ) that ____117____ (root) in their history and culture. Language also throws light on____118____ (connect) between us and our natural environment. Plants and animals that are given names____119____ any language are generally ____120____ that are relevant to people who are speaking the language. While we might think of language as having ____121____ fixed set of words and rules that we learn in school, in fact language is always evolving. New words begin to emerge ____122____ others fall out of use and pronunciation changes over time. Languages are as diverse as the communities ____123____ speak them and there are about 7,000 languages around the world. Yet, as many as half of them could go_____124_____ (silence) by the end of this century.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The English word “dinner” used to refer to breakfast. It comes from the Old French word “disnar”, ___125___ in fact means “breakfast”.
So ___126___ did this word come to have a different meaning ___127___ (tradition), dinner (what we now refer to as breakfast) was the first meal of the day, eaten around noon. It also happened to be the ___128___ (big) meal of the day, with a lighter meal coming later ___129___ (know) as supper.
Today many people find ___130___ strange that the biggest meal of the day once centered around noon, ___131___ it made great sense at that time. Artificial lighting such as oil lamps and candles were expensive, and provided weak light at best. So people went to sleep at sundown, because it’s difficult ___132___ (work) and eat in the dark. The last meal of the day was a rushed affair, a quick snack before the lights went out.
Eventually, more meals ___133___ (add) to the day. This meant that people were eating smaller meals before the bigger meal. So the word that once ____134____ (refer) to our first meal, now refers to our last. However, it is true that in many Western cultures dinner still remains the biggest meal of the day.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。　
Some poems tell a story or describe something ______135______ a way that will give the reader a strong ______136______ (impress). Others try to convey certain ______137______ (emotion). Poets use many different forms of poetry to express ______138______ (them). For example, the language of nursery rhymes is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they have strong rhyme and a lot of repetition. And list poems have ______139______ flexible line length and ______140______ (repeat) phrases which give both a pattern and rhythm to a poem.
Another simple form of poem is the cinquain, ______141______ is made up of five lines and can convey a strong picture in just a few words. Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that ______142______ (make) up of 17 syllables.
And of course there are Tang poems from China which you may enjoy in particular.
With so many different forms of poetry ______143______ (choose) from, students may _______144_______ (eventual) want to write poems of their own.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
Why people have trouble ___145___ （learn）English I hadn't asked myself that until one day when my son asked me ___146___ （sudden）whether there was ham in a hamburger, which got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn. There are many words that can be ___147___ （confuse）and also can make us wonder ___148___ the unique madness of English. For example, we sculpt a ___149___ （sculpt）and paint a painting, but we take ___150___ photo. “Hard” and “soft" are opposite in meaning, but “hardly" and “softly" aren't. And do you read the ___151___ （capitalize） “WHO” in a medical report as the “who" in “Who's that " All the examples tell us that English ___152___ （invent）by people and it ___153___ （reflect）the creativity of the human race. That's ____154____ when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People say that the real culture of Beijing exists ____155____ the culture of hutong and siheyuan. The hutongs ____156____ (locate) in Beijing are formed by lanes of siheyuan, which is a type of residence in ____157____ houses are purposely built to form squares or rectangles.
In the mid 20th century, several hutongs in Beijing were torn down to pave the way for the ____158____ (develop) of the city. However, since then, thanks to efforts designed to safeguard this ____159____ (significance) aspect of the Chinese architectural culture, many hutongs ____160____ (preserve).
Because of the interlacement (交织) of the lanes, every house is connected to the other, making ____161____ easy for local people to keep in touch with their neighbors. ____162____, once one enters any of them, one can feel the deep and warm relationships among people, which is rarely found in this modern world.
Gossiping in these lanes ____163____ (be) a common scene as it is the main way for people _____164_____ (strong) their relationship. Where there is such a lane, there is a story.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As a kid, I spoke English to my Chinese immigrant parents, who ____165____ (reply) to me and my siblings mostly in kind. But my grandmother could communicate to us only ____166____ Mandarin Chinese; we’d figure out through gestures and facial expressions. A few phrases are ____167____ (particular) vivid to me: hulihutu, or “muddle-headed”; fa feng, or “to go crazy”; and most ____168____ (strike) of all, mamahuhu, which means “so-so” or “careless”. In Mandarin, ma means horse and hu means tiger; the idiom mamahuhu literally translates as “horse horse tiger tiger.”
Mamahuhu became ____169____ family in-joke for me and my siblings. But as we grew older, we realized mamahuhu also described our family. My parents and my grandmother could be precise when it mattered. My grandmother could make pork dumplings with grace and speed. When she packed my lunchbox, she stacked an inch of processed meat between white bread in imitation of the American ____170____ (sandwich) she rarely ate. My mother is a retired plant physiologist ____171____ research led to multiple patents related to improving plant growth. But when she helped me on an elementary-school project, she used ____172____ (steam) rice as an adhesive(黏合剂), instead of buying a glue stick. My tinfoil (锡纸) crown fell apart in class.
Neither my grandmother nor my mother ____173____ (school) in American norms before; they had to fake it to make it. When I was a child, the mamahuhu attitude sometimes embarrassed me. But it also taught me not to get hung up on mainstream ideals of perfection but _____174_____ (embrace) originality.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Not all cultures greet each other the same way. That is, every country ___175___ (have) its own way to express feelings. People communicate with unspoken language as well as ___176___
(speak) language. In Colombia, people touch one’s shoulder and kiss one on ___177___ cheek. In Britain, people don’t touch each other. In Japan, people bow to each other when they meet. In France, people shake hands and kiss each other ___178___ (two) on each cheek. In Jordan, men nod at women. People also express their feelings ___179___ (use) unspoken language through physical ___180___ (distant), actions or posture. For example, English people don’t usually stand very close to others or touch strangers. However, people from Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others very closely and are more likely ___181___ (touch) others.
These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in ___182___ cultures have developed.
___183___ general, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of ___184___ (culture) crossroads!
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There are several qualities of literature. One of them is its description of ___185___(true) and beauty. Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed ___186___a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention. A hundred men may pass a field and ___187___(see) only dead grass; but a poet stops, looks deeper, sees truth and beauty, and writes. “Yesterday’s flowers am I.” One ___188___(read) it is capable of seeing the beauty that ___189___(hide) from his eyes before. Another quality is its appeal to our feelings and imagination. Its attraction lies ___190___(much) in what it awakens in us than what it says. When Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus asks in ___191___presence of Helen, “Was this the face that launched a thousand ships ” he opens a door through ___192___our imagination enters a new world, a world of love, beauty and ___193___(hero). In general, literature is the written record of man’s ____194____(think) and feelings, and the history of the human soul.
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China is known for its brilliant civilization that ____195____(continue) since the ancient times despite the many ups and downs in its history. It is ____196____(wide) accepted that one of the reasons has been the Chinese writing system.
Several thousand years ago written Chinese was only symbols ____197____(carve) on animal bones or shells. During the Shang Dynasty, these symbols became a well-developed writing system in a ____198____(various) of forms. This, however, changed in the Qin Dynasty. Emperor Qin Shihuang united the seven major states into one unified country ____199____ the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was ____200____ great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
Written Chinese also serves as a vital way ____201____(connect) China’s present with its past. People in modern times can learn about the ancient Chinese by reading their classic works or ____202____(appreciate) Chinese calligraphy.
Today, with China playing ____203____ greater role in global affairs, the Chinese writing system has established _____204_____(it) as a window through which more and more international students can access China’s culture and history.
语法填空
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. With the world ___205___was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago_____206_____the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people ____207____started settling down to become farmers enabled their languages to became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries ____208____trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications increased in the past few decades, many languages came to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages the distribution ____209____ is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages ___210___ are often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers like Europe ___211___there are only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, _____212_____ Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, ____213____ means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon ___214___eight speakers remain , Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is 1969 in China’s Northeast ___215___ Zhou Zhigang, a construction worker, is sent to engage in a large –scale construction project. His eldest son and daughter become zhiqing, ___216___ （leave） the youngest son and his mother at home.
Focusing on the ups and downs of Zhou’s family over fifty years, the realistic drama “A Lifelong Journey” has been ___217___ huge hit on TV and online. ___218___ （adapt） from Liang Xiaosheng’s novel of the same name, which won the Mao Dun Literary Prize, the show ___219___ （explore） themes of family, friendship and romance in a bittersweet story. Many reviewers describe the show ___220___ a time machine to go back to the past, reflecting how we’ve got there. The ___221___ （major） of the story takes place in a Shantytown（棚户区）, Guangzipian representing ren, yi, li, zhi, and xin, the five virtues of Confucianism. In this drama, Zhou’s family has to deal with ___222___ （society） changes and fit in with the country’s rapid development. A lifelong Journey shows viewers ___223___ ordinary Chinese have experienced in China’s transforming from a poor country into a powerful one. It is the kind of show that touches our heartstrings with heartwarming stories and you can’t afford to miss ____224____ anyway.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Can you imagine making a structure (结构体) out of toothpicks that is strong enough ____225____（hold）up a student’s desk I can’t. But because of such a school project Stan Munro ____226____（throw）into his career as a “toothpick engineer” years ago.
One winter break in primary school, my brother’s schoolwork was writing thank-you notes while ____227____（I）was making a hut out of toothpicks! Facing a pile of toothpicks, I still remember I was totally at ____228____loss what to do next. Under some guidance of my father, I started the ____229____（pain）task. Finally, the countless toothpicks became a whole structure with everything ____230____（stick）together by glue. Though the process took a lot of patience and was rough for me, there were no words to describe the sense of ____231____（proud）after finishing it. Importantly, that helped me find I was better at other things, like writing and playing the piano. ____232____ Stan Munro, I wasn’t born to be a toothpick engineer!
Isn’t it great that the school provides us with the chance to try different things, ____233____ gets us to discover our unknown talents It’s amazing to find what we try in school helps us figure out what we _____234_____（true）want to do when growing up.
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blanks with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Why Does Language Preservation Matter
One language dies every two weeks. This trend isn’t about to go away, either: about half of the world’s languages are at risk of extinction by the year 2100, ___235___ increasing globalization. According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), at least 43% of the 6,000 world languages are already endangered. UNESCO created International Mother Language Day, celebrated each year on February 21, ___236___ (increase) awareness of linguistic and cultural diversity and foster international understanding. This holiday reminds us that languages, whether ___237___ (use) by millions or just one person, have value.
Both social changes and extreme events spur language extinction. For example, about 40% of the world’s population does not have access ___238___ education in their mother tongue. ___239___ (feel) pressure to integrate into a more dominant culture, some parents choose only to teach their children a mainstream language.
___240___ a language disappears, we lose much of the history, culture, and heritage of the people who spoke it.
Latin has long been a dead language, ___241___ some schools still teach it. There are no native speakers left, no one can tell us ___242___ it should sound or explain the meaning of certain words and figures of speech.
We ___243___ take effective measures to retain the knowledge of a community. ___244___ (get) a head start is especially important for oral languages that don’t have any written records. Governments, professional organizations, and local communities are jointing together to protect and promote linguistic diversity.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The world of Chinese literature is one that is familiar ____245____ us all. But have you ever stopped to wonder ____246____ works are read outside of China and how they are received？Today，four Sinologists and translators share their experience of Chinese literature ____247____ us.
Petko: The Shaolin Temple I watched gave me so many reasons ____248____ fall in love with China. I particularly like classical Chinese literature, especially works from the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Annelous: I became interested in languages at a young age. ____249____ (start) high school, I began reading ____250____ (book) about Chinese history and culture.
Joachim: At the age of 15, my mother bought me a copy of the classic Shi Ji. After ____251____(read) it, I realised the true genius of China's “Grand Historian”, Sima Qian. His ____252____ (write) had a profound effect on me.
Mai: I ____253____ (gradual) fell in love with Chinese literature when I started working as a translator. I don't care if a writer is popular or not. What interests me most is the work _____254_____ (it).
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As a typical example of Chinese etiquette (礼仪), the coming-of-age ceremony ____255____(aim) at reminding young people entering adulthood that only by ____256____(assume)adult responsibilities and practicing good virtue can they become qualified for social roles.
With 100 days ____257____(go) before the college entrance examination, our school ____258____(hold) a coming-of-age ceremony for Senior 3 students. After the flag-raising, we students raised our right hands and articulated our oath(暂言) to become a qualified adult citizen.____259____(accompany) by a symphony, our parents beamed with pride and decorated us with coming-of-age medals.
The student representative gave a ____260____ (motivation) speech. Later, three students and I recited a poem-Everyone Has a Dream in the Youth and I’ll Help My Country Be Stronger. Affected by the poem, we felt the responsibility ____261____we should assume to strive for our motherland.
Our principal asked us to stand face-to-face with our parents.When I took my parents’ hands and ____262____(gentle) stroked them, I could not help but feel guilty for continuous complaints ____263____my parents and tears began to fall. My parents patted me on the back to comfort me.It was _____264_____warm scene for every family present.
语法填空
The poem Dream ____265____ Langston Hughes is very short with only 8 lines. When I read the poem aloud I can hear that the ends of the second and fourth sentences rhyme—“die” and “fly”. The last word from the sixth and ____266____(eight) sentences also rhyme—“go” and “snow”. These ____267____(rhyme) words sound nice and make the poem pleasing to read.
When I close my eyes, I can see different ____268____(image) from the poem. For example, I can see two hands being held. I can see a bird flying in the sky. I can see a field and I can imagine ____269____ it looks like with lots of snow. I start to feel cold when I read these lines!
I learnt ____270____ new phrase, “hold fast”, which ____271____(mean) to hold onto something. “Barren” is also a new word to me, which means empty.
I think the poet is giving us ____272____(advise). He wants us to keep dreaming, because life is much ____273____(good) when we dream and have something _____274_____(look) forward to.
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Charles Dickens
It has been 150 years since Charles Dickens died, 184 years since his first work was released to the public and 156 years since his last completed book came out. In all of this time, these novels have never been out of print. Dickens may have left us, but his work remains timeless, ____275____ (fascinate) the majority of those who open their pages.
Most people have read, watched or at least heard of Dickens’ stories, but what makes him and his work so popular Since he began novel writing in his 20s, Dickens constantly produced quality classics. Year after year his awaiting fans were not left ____276____ (disappoint) as their minds were fed with complex tales of romance, crime, hope and despair.
In the Victorian era he lived in, much of the work Dickens produced ____277____ (model) on the literature before him. He was one of the first writers of the time ____278____ (portray) honest examples of working-class people, giving many something to relate to. He focused on unfolding the good and bad qualities of characters which allowed his readers to follow their journeys and understand ____279____ they may have acted in the unusual or shocking ways that they did.
Any Dickens fans will know the diverse and outrageous (耸人听闻的) characters coming to life between the pages. ____280____ was special about this novelist’s ability in imagining these characters’ stories is that it comes from his own life’s path. ____281____ a young boy left to take care of himself in a workhouse to the wealthy figure he became through his writing successes, he knew what it was like to see in different lights. This deep understanding of his characters gave his fictional stories the strong element of believability ____282____ is needed in a good novel.
Over a century and a half later, Dickens’ themes can be relevant to today’s world problems. His words and imagery have been transformed further into the media of modern film, television and even musical adaptations. ____283____ set in a time unfamiliar to readers today, his work still enables everyone to relate to the love, hardship and sense of family that pours from the narratives. It is this aspect ____284____ has carried Charles Dickens into the 21st century.
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
English perfectly shows the “network effects” of a global tongue: the more people use it, the more useful it is. Parents expect ____285____ (they) children to master English, ____286____ is encouraging the growth of private schooling. Education authorities are switching to English medium, in part ____287____ (control) the outflow (外流) of children into the private sector.
____288____ (teach) children in English is fine if that is what they speak at home and their parents are fluent ____289____ it. But that is not the case in most public and low-cost private ____290____ (school). Children are taught in a language they don’t understand by teachers whose English is poor. The children learn neither English nor anything else.
Research shows that children learn more ____291____ they are taught in their mother tongue than they do when they are taught in any other language. In a study of children in 12 schools in Cameroon last month, those taught in their native language ____292____ (do) better than those taught in English in all subjects.
English should be an important subject at school, but not ____293____ (necessary) the language of instruction. Rather than switching to English-medium teaching, governments fearful of ______294______ (lose) custom (光顾) to the private sector should look at the many possible ways of improving public schools.
参考答案：
1．widely 2．despite 3．factors 4．written 5．were carved 6．had become 7．leading 8．where 9．importance 10．no
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的书写系统的发展历史。
1．考查副词。句意：中国因其古老的文明而广为人知，尽管历史上有许多起伏，但它一直延续到现代。修饰谓语动词is known用副词作状语，故填widely。
2．考查介词。句意：中国因其古老的文明而广为人知，尽管历史上有许多起伏，但它一直延续到现代。分析句子可知，空格后内容与空格前内容为让步关系，空格后“the many ups and downs”为名词短语，despite意为“尽管”，介词词性，后接名词或名词短语作宾语。故填despite。
3．考查名词。句意：有很多原因可以解释这一点，但其中一个主要因素是中国的书写系统。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“one of+名词复数”，意为“……中的一个”，应使用名词复数。故填factors。
4．考查非谓语动词或形容词。句意：一开始，书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词was且句中无连词，应用write的非谓语动词形式作定语，Chinese与write之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词作定语，written“书面的”也是形容词，修饰名词作定语。故填written。
5．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：它的历史可以追溯到几千年前的龙骨的使用，中国古代人在上面雕刻符号的动物的骨头和贝壳。分析句子可知， on which引导定语从句，carve作从句的谓语，与主语symbols是被动关系，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，且主语symbols是复数，故填were carved。
6．考查时态。句意：到商代时，这些符号已经成为一种发达的书写体系。分析句子可知，become是谓语动词，由时间状语“By the Shang Dynasty”可知，句子描述“过去的过去”存在的状态用过去完成时，故填had become。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来，因为那是一个人们在地理上分裂的时代，该系统发展成了不同的形式，导致了方言和文字的多样性。分析句子可知，lead to意为“导致”，句中有谓语动词developed且句中无连词，应用lead的非谓语动词形式。lead与“the system developed into different forms”为逻辑上的主动关系，应用lead的现在分词leading，在句中作结果状语，表示意料之中的结果。故填leading。
8．考查定语从句。句意：秦始皇将七个主要国家统一为一个国家，在那里中国的文字系统开始向一个方向发展。分析可知，“________ the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction”为之前名词“one unified country”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。
9．考查名词。句意：那种书写系统在团结中国人民和中国文化方面具有重要意义。形容词修饰名词作介词of的宾语，be of great importance“非常重要的”，important“重要的”，名词形式importance，故填importance。
10．考查连词。句意：即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么方言，他们都可以用书面形式交流。根据句意，空格处引导让步状语从句，no matter where“无论哪里”符合语境，故填no。
11．where 12．held 13．awareness 14．a 15．Dating 16．to make 17．guidance 18．were given 19．enjoyable 20．on
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了去年，作者学校举办了为期两天的研究活动，活动的口号是“探索陶瓷文化，穿越古今”。目的是培养学生的传统文化意识。以及作者参加活动的经过。
11．考查定语从句连接词。句意：众所周知，江西景德镇是世界瓷都的中心，当地的瓷器非常抢手。本句为定语从句修饰先行词Jingdezhen，且先行词在从句中做地点状语，故填where。
12．考查动词时态。句意：去年，我们学校举办了为期两天的研究活动，活动的口号是“探索陶瓷文化，穿越古今”。根据时间状语Last year可知应用一般过去时，故填held。
13．考查名词。句意：目的是培养学生的传统文化意识。根据上文students’为名词所有格，故填名词awareness“意识”。
14．考查冠词。句意：我们的第一站是中国陶瓷博物馆，它有一些独特的和精美的瓷器收藏材料，如粘土和石头。collection为可数名词，此处泛指，且collection首字母的发音为辅音音素，所以故填不定冠词a。故填a。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：追溯到新石器时代，粘土被用来制作陶器，人们用来携带水和食物。本句date与逻辑主语为主动关系，故填Dating。
16．考查固定短语。句意同上。短语be used to do“被用来做……”，故填to make。
17．考查名词。句意：在老师的指导下，我们得到了一些粘土和设计陶器的机会。根据上文the可知应填名词guidance“指导”。
18．考查动词时态语态。句意同上。事情发生在过去故用一般过去时，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，主语为we，故填were given。
19．考查形容词。句意：为期两天的活动是非常愉快和有意义的。根据上文was可知应填形容词作表语，故填enjoyable。
20．考查固定短语。句意：我学到了很多关于瓷器的知识，并自己制作了一件瓷器。短语on one’s own“独自地”，故填on。
21．that##which 22．is regarded 23．Generally 24．its 25．independent 26．had reached 27．on 28．finished 29．combining 30．recognition
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国的传统绘画。
21．考查定语从句。句意：中国传统绘画是用毛笔蘸着黑墨水或彩色颜料在宣纸或丝绸上作画的艺术。空处引导定语从句，先行词为a Chinese brush，关系词在定语从句中作主语，可用that或which引导。故填that/which。
22．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：它被认为是中国文化的三大国粹之一，另外两个是传统中医和京剧。句子是描述一个事实，且主语It（指代Traditional Chinese painting）与regard之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用is。故填is regarded。
23．考查副词。句意：一般来说，中国传统绘画可以分为三种类型，人物画，山水画和花鸟画。generally speaking是固定搭配，意为“一般来说”，首字母应大写。故填Generally。
24．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：人物画早在战国时期就已经成熟，在唐代达到顶峰。此处修饰名词peak，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
25．考查形容词。句意：它最早出现在秦朝，并在隋唐时期成为一个独立的体裁。空处应填形容词independent作定语，修饰名词genre。故填independent。
26．考查过去完成时。句意：到了宋朝，它已经达到了一个非常高的水平。by the time of..到……时间为止，of后跟过去的时间时，句子中的谓语动词用过去完成时。故填had reached。
27．考查介词。句意：花鸟画集中表现花、鸟、鱼、虫等自然状态。concentrate on是固定搭配，意为“集中于”。故填on。
28．考查过去分词。句意：在中国传统绘画的成品中，题词、诗歌和邮票往往是并列的。works与finish之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，表示被动。故填finished。
29．考查现在分词。句意：因此，中国传统绘画是集诗、书、画、篆刻于一体的艺术形式。an art form与combine之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填combining。
30．考查名词。句意：它的艺术成就和民族特色赢得了全世界人民的认可。动词won后用名词作宾语，recognition认可，不可数名词。故填recognition。
31．fell 32．emotional 33．for 34．rising 35．was moved 36．what 37．probably 38．the 39．imagination 40．Attracted
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述曹植创作洛神赋的故事。
31．考查谓语动词。句意：曹植，曹魏的太子，爱上了一个官员的女儿。分析句子结构可知，这里描述的是过去的事实，所以需要一般过去时的谓语动词。故填fell。
32．考查形容词。句意：后来，他写了一首感人的诗，关于女神和凡人之间的爱情。分析句子结构可知，空格后面是名词poem，所以用形容词修饰。故填emotional。
33．考查介词。句意：在那首诗里，他因为女神的美而赞美了她。分析句子结构可知，这里需要“因为”的介词。动词短语praise sb. for sth.，意思是“因为某事而赞美某人”故填for。
34．考查非谓语动词。句意：从远处凝视着她，她像朝霞中的太阳一样闪耀。分析句子结构可知，动词rise是被修饰的名词sun主动发出的动作，所以用现在分词形式，表示主动。故填rising。
35．考查谓语动词。句意：在4世纪，中国艺术家顾恺之被这首诗打动。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词move和句子主语Gu Kaizhi是被动关系，这里描述的是过去的事实，所以需要一般过去时的被动结构的谓语动词。故填was moved。
36．考查宾语从句。句意：他为这首诗作了插图并创作了我们称之为洛神赋的诗。分析句子结构可知，　　6　　 we call the Nymph of the Luo River是宾语从句，从句中缺少动词call的另一个宾语，意思是“什么”。故填what。
37．考查副词。句意：然而，大概在宋朝的时候，艺术家们复制了几份。分析句子结构可知，这里需要副词来修饰后面的介词短语during the Song dynasty。故填probably。
38．考查冠词。句意：这幅画是以长卷轴的形式出现的，它以段落的形式描述了情节。分析句子结构可知，名词form后面有介词短语of a long scroll修饰，表示特指，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
39．考查名词。句意：在这里，顾恺之充分发挥了他的艺术想象力。分析句子结构可知，空格前面有形容词artistic修饰，所以要填名词形式imagination，表示“想象力”的意思，是不可数名词。故填imagination。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：被她的魅力所吸引，曹植爱上了宓妃。分析句子结构可知，动词attract和句子主语Cao是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Attracted。
41．who 42．as 43．names 44．an 45．was addressed 46．excited 47．it##that 48．beautifully 49．to complete 50．enjoying
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一本书《圣诞老人的来信》，它的作者是J.R.R.Tolkien。J.R.R.Tolkien用写信这种特别的方式在二十多年里让孩子们感受圣诞老人的魔力，他可能就是真正的圣诞老人。
41．考查定语从句。句意：这就是为什么对于那些把圣诞节视为一年中特殊时刻的人来说，《圣诞老人的来信》可能是一本完美的书的原因。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是those，从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词who，故填who。
42．考查固定短语。句意：这就是为什么对于那些把圣诞节视为一年中特殊时刻的人来说，《圣诞老人的来信》可能是一本完美的书。regard…as…“把……看做”是固定短语，故填as。
43．考查名词。句意：写这些信的人是英国文学史上最著名的人物之一——J. R. R.托尔金，一位英国作家、诗人兼大学教授。one of the+最高级+名词复数，是固定短语，表示“最……之一”，名词用复数，故填names。
44．考查冠词。句意同上。此处“ 4__ English writer, poet and university professor”作同位语，解释说明J. R. R.托尔金，表示泛指用不定冠词，English以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an，故填an。
45．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：它是写给托尔金的孩子们的。address是谓语动词，it指代上文提到的an envelope，与address之间是被动关系，根据句意描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填was addressed。
46．考查形容词。句意：孩子们拆开信看看是谁寄来的，一定很兴奋。空处作表语，说明主语的感受，表示“感动兴奋的”用形容词excited，故填excited。
47．考查代词。句意同上。根据语境，空处指代上文提的the letter，用代词it或者that，故填it/that。
48．考查副词。句意：这些信也加有很漂亮的插图，每张必须由它真正的作者——托尔金——很长时间才能完成。修饰动词用副词作状语，故填beautifullly。
49．考查不定式。句意：这些信也加有很漂亮的插图，每张必须由它真正的作者——托尔金——花很长时间才能完成。sth takes sb time to do sth“某事花费时间做某事”，故填to complete。
50．考查非谓语动词。句意：圣诞老人的来信告诉我们，除了享受圣诞老人、北极熊和其他角色在北极的冒险，我们都可以在圣诞节期间分享真正的奉献精神。as well as “也”是固定短语，第二个as是介词，接动名词作宾语，故填enjoying。
51．used 52．determine 53．political 54．and 55．in 56．more important 57．the 58．which 59．greatness 60．why/how
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了说话时语言的功能以及重要性。
51．考查状语从句省略。句意：如果代词“他”而不是“她”使用太频繁，会把一个女孩从科学或数学中吓跑。此句完整表达是if the pronoun is used often enough，在条件状语从句中，主句主语和从句主语一致，且从句谓语动词含有be动词，则可把从句中主语和be动词省略，就是if used，故填used。
52．考查时态。句意：你使用的语言决定了你大脑中灰质的密度。根据上下文语境，此空用一般现在时态，主语是the words，故填determine。
53．考查形容词。句意：他们影响你的政治观点，影响你看待现实的方式，决定你自信的程度，因此也定义了做你自己的含义。此空放在名词 ideas前，应该用形容词作定语，故填political。
54．考查连词。句意：参见上题。此句中，出现了affect，influence，decide，define 四个谓语动词，且前三个动词和空格动词是递进关系，故填and。
55．考查介词。句意：虽然你的言语在塑造你的行为上很重要，他们在塑造别人行为方面更重要。介词in指的是“在......方面”，根据句意，故填in。
56．考查比较级。句意：参见上题。空格前有even修饰，even常修饰比较级并且根据句意含有和上句“塑造自己行为”比较的含义，此空用比较级，故填more important。
57．考查定冠词。句意：参见第5题。此处特指“别人的行为”，所以在名词前用定冠词，故填the。
58．考查定语从句。句意：别的不说，你说话的方式是别人对你作出判断的主要依据。先行词是the central factor，代指物，定语从句用介词upon加关系代词引导，所以用upon which，故填which。
59．考查名词。句意：如果你追求伟大的成就，说话得体是基本的。此空用名词形式做主语，故填greatness。
60．考查名词性从句。句意：从荷马到海明威，林肯，丘吉尔，马丁·路德·金以及奥巴马，他们的语言就是你们知道他们的方式/他们的语言就是你知道他们的原因。空格引导表语从句，从句中不缺成分，应该用连接副词或连接词，再根据句意，可以表示原因，也可以表示方式，故填why/how。
61．comments 62．The 63．was taken 64．Though 65．inspire 66．unchanged 67．it 68．standing 69．because 70．sincerely
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了学生们积极准备一场歌唱比赛时发生的一件事情。
61．考查名词复数。句意：音乐老师保罗在排练结束时对学生们的表演作了评价。comment是可数名词，前无限定词，应用名词复数。故填comments。
62．考查冠词。句意：就在他让学生们下课的那一刻，一个叫菲奥娜的女孩径直朝他走来，直直地看着他的眼睛，愤怒地说她恨他。固定短语the moment“一……就”，引导时间状语从句。故填The。
63．考查。句意：保罗被她声音中的激情和诚实吓了一跳。take aback“使吃惊；惊吓”与主语Paul是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，由语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was taken。
64．考查让步状语从句。句意：他虽然大为震惊，但还是设法使自己镇定下来，并说:“嗯，真遗憾，但提醒你、激励你是我的责任。”根据句意可知，此处引导让步状语从句，应用though。故填Though。
65．考查非谓语动词。句意：他虽然大为震惊，但还是设法使自己镇定下来，并说:“嗯，真遗憾，但提醒你、激励你是我的责任。”此处与to remind是并列成分，省略不定式符号，使用动词原形。故填inspire。
66．考查动词。句意：她没有反应，而是怒气冲冲地走开了，她的怒气没有变。根据but rather stormed away可知，她的怒气没有变，由语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填unchanged。
67．考查强调句。句意：菲奥娜接着非常公开而诚实地承认，她恨的是她自己，而不是他。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是强调句型It’s+被强调部分+who+其他。故填it。
68．考查状语从句的省略。句意：因为当她站在舞台上时，她开始感到强烈的恐惧和压力。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，此处完整句子为Because she began to feel a strong sense of fear and pressure when she was standing on the stage.省略she was，保留现在分词。故填standing。
69．考查原因状语从句。句意：保罗意识到她有严重的怯场，也可能是因为几天前他做了什么不合适的事情。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处引导原因状语从句，原因because“因为”引导。故填because。
70．考查副词。句意然后他耐心而真诚地和她交谈，希望能帮助她建立信心。：此处与patiently是并列成分，修饰动词talked，应用副词，作状语。故填sincerely。
71．is 72．a 73．from 74．founders 75．Exactly 76．containing 77．to take 78．but 79．was impressed 80．where
【分析】本文是记叙文，讲述了“一盎司的预防胜过一磅的治疗”这句名言的由来和意义。
71．考查动词。句意：对一个问题想得太多并不总是有益的。本句主语是Thinking too much about a problem，动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数形式，此处是描述事实，需要用一般现在时，故be动词需要用单数is，故填is。
72．考查冠词。句意：“一盎司的预防胜过一磅的治疗”是对这种行为的一个很好的表达。expression表示“具体的表达”时是可数名词，此处是泛指，表示一种表达，需要用不定冠词，great 的发音以元音音素开头，故填a。
73．考查介词。句意：这句话是美国的开国元勋之一本杰明·富兰克林说的。come from表示“来自”，是固定搭配，故填from。
74．考查名词复数。句意：这句话是美国的开国元勋之一本杰明·富兰克林说的。此处表示“创立者”，one of+名词复数，表示“…之一”，故填founders。
75．考查副词。句意：“盎司”这个词的意思是非常小的东西，仅仅是一千克的百分之二。此处副词修饰整个句子，故填exactly。
76．考查动名词。句意：例如，如果一个国家宣布了遏制病毒的强硬措施，我们应该说“一盎司的预防胜过一磅的治疗”。空前有介词for，介词后面加动名词作宾语，故填containing。
77．考查不定式。句意：与其以后遭受严重的后果，不如采取严厉的预防措施。It is+形容词+to do sth表示“做某事是……样的”，是固定句式，it作形式主语，不定式是真正的主语，故填to take。
78．考查连词。句意：富兰克林说的不是疾病，而是防火。前后是转折关系，not...but rather表示“不是……而是”，故填but。
79．考查时态和语态。句意：在1733年访问波士顿期间，富兰克林对这座城市的防火方法印象深刻。be impressed with对……印象深刻，本句主语是Franklin，谓语动词用单数，根据in 1733，时间发生在过去，故用一般过去时。故填was impressed。
80．考查定语从句。句意：他试图把这些做法带到他居住的费城。______ he lived是非限定性定语从句，先行词是the city of Philadelphia，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
81．to learn 82．my 83．which 84．are 85．confused 86．speaking 87．to 88．behaviors 89．how 90．creativity
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过大量的例子介绍了英语的独特和巧妙之处，让读者们体会到英语词汇的灵活性、多样性和丰富性。
81．考查非谓语动词。句意：有时我们可能会听人说英语很难学。分析句子，句中be+形容词+ to do为固定结果，不定式作原因状语。故填to learn。
82．考查代词。句意：我从未想过这个问题，直到我小儿子的一个小问题改变了我的想法。分析句子，设空处应该使用形容词性物主代词，修饰mind作定语。故填my。
83．考查定语从句。句意：他问我火腿是不是汉堡包，这使我想起茄子里没有鸡蛋。英语是一门多么疯狂的语言啊！分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代前文的事实。故填which。
84．考查动词。句意：下面是一些让学习者感到困惑的例子。分析句子，设空处在句中作谓语，句中的主语some examples为复数，同时句子表述的是客观事实。故填are。
85．考查形容词。句意同上。分析句子。设空处使用形容词作宾补。confuse意为“使……困惑”，修饰人的形容词为confused，意为“使人感到困惑的”。故填confused。
86．考查非谓语动词。句意：说到家，作业和家务并不是指同一件事。分析句子，设空处使用非谓语动词。句中speaking of为固定短语，意为“提及，说起”，在句中作状语。故填speaking。
87．考查介词。句意同上。句中refer to为固定短语，意为“涉及，指的是”。故填to。
88．考查名词。句意：为什么“shameless”和“shameful”的行为是一样的？behavior为名词，意为“行为”，谓语动词为are，主语用复数。故填behaviors。
89．考查连词。句意：无论英语多么疯狂，可以肯定的是，这门语言是由人创造的，因此它反映了他们的创造力。分析句子，设空处引导的是让步状语从句，表示“无论多么”用no matter how。故填how。
90．考查名词。句意同上。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语。句中creative为形容词，意为“有创造力的”，其名词为creativity。故填creativity。
91．to study 92．to 93．hadn’t changed 94．was 95．finches 96．which 97．completely 98．including 99．that 100．written
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了达尔文创作《物种起源》的经历和过程。
91．考查非谓语动词。句意：这次旅行让他有机会研究自然环境中的各种生物。句中gave为谓语动词，设空处使用动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰chance。故填to study。
92．考查介词。句意：他注意到有些种类的动物彼此非常相似。此处为be similar to结构，意为“和……类似”。故填to。
93．考查时态。句意：那时，人们认为所有的物种同时出现在地球上并且此后没有变过。根据had appeared和since判断用过去完成时的否定形式。故填hadn’t changed。
94．考查时态和强调句型。句意：当船在1835年到达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，他对鸟类最感兴趣。此处为强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分。根据前后文可知为一般过去时态。故填was。
95．考查名词复数。句意：他怀疑不同的雀类是由一个共同的祖先进化而来的，这个祖先在很久以前就来到了岛上。由空前the different可知用名词复数。故填finches。
96．考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处为非限制性定语从句，指代先行词a common ancestor，指物，并在从句中作主语，故填which。
97．考查副词。句意：这是一个全新的想法——进化论。此处用副词修饰形容词new。故填completely。
98．考查介词。句意：许多人不相信包括人类在内的生物是从较低级的生命形式进化而来的。根据句子结构，设空处使用介词短语作状语。此处including意为“包括……在内”。符合句意。故填including。
99．考查状语从句。句意：但是达尔文的科学研究非常有说服力，越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。设空处填写的是状语从句的引导词。根据句意，此处so…that…的结构意为“如此…以至于…”，that引导结果状语从句。故填that。
100．考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，这本书被认为是有史以来最重要的作品之一。is谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意此处为过去分词作后置定语，works与write之间为被动关系。故填written。
101．have been using##have used 102．who##that 103．without 104．simplified 105．difficulty 106．factors 107．a 108．to be 109．slightly 110．were adopted
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汉字的地位及作用，旨在增加学生对中国汉字的自豪感。
101．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：从商朝开始，中国人一直在使用一个完整的汉字系统。根据“Since Shang dynasty”可知，此处应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去持续到现在，或者动作从过去持续到现在并且还将继续下去；且主语“Chinese people”和use二者之间是主动关系，主语是复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have been using/have used。
102．考查定语从句。句意：使用单一的书写系统的最大优势之一是说不同方言的人可以理解彼此的书写（内容）。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是people，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，用 who/that引导定语从句。故填who/that。
103．考查介词。句意：因此，交流不会有很大的难度。结合句子结构和句意，此处应用介词without连接，表示“没有”。故填 without。
104．考查形容词。句意：香港、澳门和台湾地区的人们仍使用传统的汉字，而中国大陆的人们则使用简体汉字。修饰名词短语“Chinese characters”应用形容词，simplified“简化的”符合题意。故填simplified。
105．考查词名词。句意：香港、澳门和台湾地区的人们仍使用传统的汉字，而中国大陆的人们则使用简体汉字，但是（使用简体字的人）在识别这些（传统）汉字的方面并没有太大的困难。作动词pose的宾语应用difficult的名词形式，difficulty“困难”符合题意，此处为抽象概念，不可数。故填difficulty。
106．考查名词的单复数。句意：一些学者认为，汉字是使中国南北方在很长一段时间内保持统一的重要因素之一。factor“因素”是可数名词，one of +可数名词复数，意为“......中之一”，所以此处应用factor的复数形式。故填factors。
107．考查冠词。句意：一些学者认为，汉字是使中国南北方在很长一段时间内保持统一的重要因素之一。固定搭配 for a long time 意为“很长一段时间内”。故填a。
108．考查非谓语动词。句意：有的学者甚至将汉字视为和造纸术、指南针、火药和活字印刷术这四大发明并列的第五大发明。固定搭配 consider…to be 意为“把……视为”，不定式作宾补。故填to be。
109．考查副词。句意：尽管汉字的读音略有不同，但中国汉字在古代也在其他语言中被使用。此处应用副词修饰形容词“different”，副词slightly意为“稍微”。故填slightly。
110．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：尽管汉字的读音略有不同，但中国汉字在古代也在其他语言中被使用。根据“in ancient time”可知，此处应用一般过去时；且主语“Chinese characters”与动词 adopt 之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态；又因主语为复数，谓语动词也应用复数形式。故填were adopted。
111．What 112．noisier 113．are given 114．to decide
【分析】这是一篇说明文。简要介绍了PEEL这种教学方法。
111．考查主语从句连接词。句意：我们需要的是让学生意识到他们的学习过程。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，根据句意可知此处表示“什么”，因而用what，该词位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。
112．考查形容词比较级。句意：从表面上看，采用PEEL方法授课的班级与普通班级的不同之处在于噪音稍大，因为有更多的人在讲话。根据句意及后文中出现的比较级“more”可知，设空处也用比较级。故填noisier。
113．考查时态和语态。句意：学生有更多的时间表达自己的观点，而老师不会立即做出评价。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少谓语，动词give与主语Students之间是动宾关系，因而用被动语态be done，本句在陈述一般事实，因而用一般现在时，主语Students为复数，be动词也用复数形式。故填are given。
114．考查不定式。句意：学生们可以决定在课堂上做什么，他们的想法总是受到尊重。be allowed to do表示“被允许做”，本句中缺少不定式to do。故填to decide。
115．reflects 116．speaking 117．are rooted 118．connections 119．in 120．those 121．a 122．while 123．that 124．silent
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍语言的影响以及发展。
115．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我们都知道，我们所说的每句话都反映了我们作为人类的身份。根据后文“ who we are as humans.”可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为单数名词every sentence，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填reflects。
116．考查非谓语。句意：即使是说同一种语言的人，在他们的历史和文化中也有不同的方言。此处应填非谓语作 people的后置定语修饰，people和speak是主动关系，用现在分词。故填speaking。
117．考查动词语态。句意同上。分析句子可知，“ that 3 (root) in their history and culture”为定语从句，修饰先行词 dialects，且先行词与root是被动关系，所以本句为一般现在时的被动语态。故填are rooted。
118．考查名词。句意：语言也揭示了我们与自然环境之间的联系。根据上文“ throws light on”以及后文“between us”可知，此处应填复数名词connections作 throws light on的宾语，connection是可数名词，用复数形式表示多种联系。故填connections。
119．考查介词。句意：在任何一种语言中被命名的植物和动物，通常都是与使用该语言的人相关的。in language意为“用语言”。故填in。
120．考查代词。句意同上。分析句子可知，“ that are relevant to people who are speaking the language”是定语从句，设空处是先行词，指代上文的names，故用those指代。故填those。
121．考查冠词。句意：虽然我们可能会认为语言有一套固定的单词和规则，我们在学校里学习，但事实上，语言总是在不断进化。分析句子可知，此处是泛指“一套固定的单词和规则”fixed首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
122．考查连词。句意：随着时间的推移，新词开始出现，而其他词则不再使用，发音也会发生变化。根据上文“New words begin to emerge”以及“others fall out of use and pronunciation changes over time”可知，前后是对比关系，应用while。故填while
123．考查定语从句。句意：语言与使用语言的社区一样多样化，全世界大约有7000种语言。分析句子可知，“speak them”是定语从句部分，修饰communities，从句缺主语，用that指代。故填that。
124．考查形容词。句意：然而，到本世纪末，他们中有多达一半的人可能会沉默。分析句子可知，go在此是半系动词，意为“变得”，后接形容词，故填silence的形容词silent。故填silent。
125．which 126．how 127．Traditionally 128．biggest 129．known 130．it 131．but 132．to work 133．were added 134．referred
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英文中“dinner”一词的含义是如何从“早餐”成为了如今“晚餐”的含义的。
125．考查定语从句。句意：它来自古法语单词disnar，实际上意思是“早餐”。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词disnar，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
126．考查疑问词。句意：那么这个词是如何有了不同的含义的呢？此处对方式提问，表示“如何”应用疑问词how。故填how。
127．考查副词。句意：传统上，晚餐（我们现在所说的早餐）是一天中的第一顿饭，大约在中午吃。修饰后文整个句子，应用副词traditionally作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Traditionally。
128．考查形容词最高级。句意：这顿饭碰巧也是一天中最丰盛的一餐，稍后的清淡饭菜则被称为晚餐。根据上文定冠词the