北师大版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 7 Art Lesson 1 Masterpieces词汇精讲课堂课件(共54张PPT)

(共54张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
版本：新北师
单元：必修三 Unit 7 (TOPIC TALK — LESSON 1)
本单元词汇梳理
1. band：词源义“用来捆扎的细带子”，“乐队”义来自于旧时士兵绑一条带子在头上作为某种象征，而最早的乐队成员也有类似的动作。
派生词： bandage （绷带）；band-aid 邦迪
2. performance：perform (履行、表现) + -ance
词族：perform, performance, performer
词块：give / put on a performance = perform;
good / poor / bad performance
3. drama 戏剧 comedy 喜剧 opera 歌剧 tragedy 悲剧
4. talented：来自talent（talent词源故事：来自耶稣的一则寓言故事，讲的是主人要出远门，按能力依次给了三个仆人5个、2个和1个塔兰特币(talent) 。主人回来后，前两个仆人都通过投资挣了钱，得到了主人的夸奖。最后一个仆人把钱埋在地底下，主人很生气，没收了他的钱并交给最有能力的人。在寓言中，塔兰特币比喻上帝给予每个人的天资，所以talent也就有了“天资”的含义。）
5. professional：profession (n 职业) + -al
词族：profession, professional, professionally
6. atmosphere：词源：是17世纪一位科学家根据希腊语 atmos (蒸气) 加 sphaira (球面、天体) 所造的词，用以指“大气层”或“大气”，后引申为“气氛” 。
词块：create an atmosphere of
7. monthly：month + -ly (每隔……时间)
同类词：daily, hourly, weekly, yearly
8. figure：一词多义，基本义“形状”
figure 意为“认为，估计”时是非正式用语；
词块：figure out, trade figures, a leading figure
9. starry： star + -y (-y 形容词后缀)
10. mentally：mental (adj 心理上的) + -ly
词源同mind, mental；词根：men- (to think)
11. massive：mass (n 许多，大量) + -ive
12. beneath：正式用语，对应under
13. affect：af- (to 去) + -fect (= fact, make 做) → 对……起作用 → 影响
熟词生义：使感动；使感染 (疾病)
14. spot：一词多义：基本义“斑点”； 鼻子上的“斑点”→ 粉刺
名词动词化
15. failure：fail + -ure：反义词：success
一词多义：基本义“失败”
词块：failure to do sth
抽象名词具体化：意为“失败的人或事”时是可数名词
16. scream：词块：let out / give a scream
17. striking：strike + -ing
18. viewer：view (v 观看) + -er
19. burning：burn + -ing
20. cause：词源同 because
常用词块：cause and effect, cause sb to do sth
21. scene：一词多义：基本义“场景”；熟词生义“圈子”
词块：on the scene
派生词：scenery
22. visual：vis- (see 看) + -ual
同根词：visit, vision, revise
词块：visual effects
派生词：visually
23. reaction：re- + act + -ion；
react：re- + act → 相反行动 → 反应
词族：act, react, reaction
词块：reaction to
band
熟词生义
figure
一词多义
熟词生义
spot
一词多义
一词多义
failure
英语释义
辨析义
重难点词精讲
shade
一词多义辨析义
affect
英语释义辨析义
cause
scene
隐喻
一词多义熟词生义
形容词后缀-y
Band 本意是“用来捆扎的细带子”，乐队义来自于旧时士兵绑一条带子在头上作为某种象征，而最早的乐队成员也有类似的行为。
band
band n [C]
带；箍；条：
a rubber band
She always ties her hair back in a band.
群；帮；伙：
a band of volunteers
bands of soldiers
乐队：
a jazz / military band
She’s a singer with a band.
lampshadesunshadewindow shadeshade n
[C]& [U] 荫；阴凉处：
sit in the shade
In hot, sunny climate, wide-edged hats provide shade from the sun.
[C]（色彩的）浓淡；深浅；色度：
a delicate / pale / rich / soft shade of red
He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains
in many shades of blue. 2020 全国
[C]（绘画的）暗部；阴影部分
shade vs shadow
shade指阳光照不到的地方，如树下或墙边的阴凉处，一般没有具体的轮廓。
Let’s sit in the shade of the tree for a while.
shadow指某物遮住阳光或其他光源后形成的影子，可以引申为“不良的兆头或阴影”，也可指黑暗的地方。
My friend jumped out of the shadows and tapped on my shoulders.
figure
在《圣经》中，亚当和夏娃偷吃了禁果之后，有了羞耻感，于是夏娃就想找个树叶子来遮挡自己的身体。柳树叶子太小，梧桐叶子又太大，身边正好有无花果（fig）树，就摘了无花果的叶子作为贴身短衣。
因为fig是用来遮挡身体形状的，所以figure的含义引申为“形状”。
figure的前世今生
[常用复数]数字；位数；算术：
the latest trade figures
have a head for figures
He got a job, earning close to six figures.
(尤指女性的) 体形 / 身材 / 身影：
a tall figure in black
Every woman wants a slim figure these days.
figure n
人物；人士 a person who is important or famous：
a public / a leading / an authority figure
画像；塑像：
a bronze figure of a horse
图表；图形：
See Figure 1.
A triangle is a three-sided figure.
figure v
vi 是重要部分；是…的部分 to be an important part of sth：
My feeling about the matter didn’t seem to figure at all.
vt [非正式用语] 认为；估计 to think or guess sth：
From the way he behaved, I figured (that) he was drunk.
vt (AmE) 计算：
I’m just figuring my expenses.
figure out 弄清楚；弄明白；计算出：
I couldn’t figure out what I had done to annoy my boss.
Have you figured out how much the trip will cost 2012 福建
词源：
有了羞耻感的亚当和夏娃“认为”遮挡身体很重要，所以figure又引申出“是重要部分、是……的部分”的意思。
figure语义网络图
形状figure n
(基本义)
“数字”的形状
数字
体型；身材；身影
人物；人士
画像；塑像
位数
算术
图表
图形
“人或动物”的形状
“几何图形”的形状
是重要部分；是……的部分
认为；估计
计算
名词
动词
affect
affect vt
影响 to influence sb / sth：（基本义）
decisions which affect our lives
With the government’s aid, those (who were) affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. 2009 上海改
[常用于被动语态] 使感动；打动 to make sb have strong feelings of sadness, pity, etc.：
She was deeply affected by the story.
使感染（疾病）：
Diseases affect almost everyone at some time during their lives.
af- (to 去) + -fect- (make 做) → 对……起作用
affect 语义网络图
具
象
到
抽
象
影响
affect
基本义
对精神的
“影响”
对身体的“影响”
使感动；
打动
使感染
(疾病)
影响
对人或物的“影响”
词语辨析
affect / effect
effect（名词）= result, influence；作用；影响：
Does television have an effect on children’s behaviour
affect（动词）= to have an influence on sb / sth；影响某人 / 某事：
Does television affect children’s behaviour
spot
ink spot
My dog has some brown spots.
Teenagers might worry about their changing voice, weight problems or spots.
spot
点；斑点；污点；粉刺：
地点；场所：
A scenic / beautiful spot
The most beautiful spot on the Yangtze
River is the Three Gorges.
n [C]
on the spot 当场；立即；在现场：
The police were on the spot within a few minutes.
The boy spotted a wallet on a bus seat and
gave it to the police.
spot
[不用于进行时]看见；看出；发现：
to see or notice
vt
spotted adj
有斑点的；有污迹的
failure
温斯顿·丘吉尔(Winston Churchill), 英国政治家、历史学家、演说家，1940年至1945年和1951年至1955年两度出任英国首相，被认为是20世纪最重要的政治领袖之一，领导英国人民赢得了第二次世界大战。
成功并不是终点，失败也不会致命，真正重要的是继续走下去的勇气。
—— 温斯顿·丘吉尔
failvvt& vi失败；没做成to not succeed in achievingsth（反succeed）：It is very important to find out why youfailed toachieve your goal.vi未做to not dosth：I neverfail tophone my parents on their birthdays.vt& vi没有通过（考试）；不及格；评定（某人）不及格（反pass）：I passed history but failed chemistry.Her work was so bad that the teacher had nochoice but to fail her.vi出故障；失灵to stop working：He saw a terrible accident in whicha tram’s brakes failed.vi[常用于进行时]（健康、体力、视力等）衰退；减弱to become weak：His eyesight is failing.She has suffered fromfailinghealth.vt使失望(let down)；使无能为力：When we needed his help, he failed us.Words failed me(= I could not express how I felt) when I wanted to express my thanks to him.n[C]（考试）不及格（反pass）without fail必定；总是；务必失败；未能做
fail
（基本义）
“未能” 完成某事
身体功能等
“失败”
考试“失败”
失败；没做成
没有通过（考试）；不及格；评定（某人）不及格
（健康、体力、视力等）衰退；减弱
fail语义网络图
“未能” 做某事
未做
机器等运转“失败”
出故障；失灵
“未能”达到期望
使失望 ；使无能为力
失败；没做成出故障；失灵失败；没做到故障失败的人/事failfailure抽象名词具体化未做没做到failuren[U]失败（反success）：Failure is the mother of success.All his effortsended in failure.She is depressed by her continuedfailure tofind a job.[C]失败的人/事（反success）：Never think of yourself as a failure.[U] & [C]没做到：Failure toobserve all Park rules could result in being driven out of the Park.2013江苏[U] & [C]故障；失灵：the power / engine failureParis had suffered a suddenheart failure.2017北京 Failure doesn’t mean you are a failure,
　　It does mean you haven’t succeeded yet.
　　Failure doesn’t mean you have accomplished nothing,
　　It does mean you have learned something.
　　Failure doesn’t mean you have been a fool,
　　It does mean you had a lot of faith.　　
Failure doesn’t mean you’ve been disgraced,
　　It does mean you were willing to try.
　　Failure doesn’t mean you don’t have it,
　　It does mean you have to do something in a different way.
　　Failure doesn’t mean you are inferior,
　　It does mean you are not perfect.
　　Failure doesn’t mean you’ve wasted your life,
　　It does mean you have a reason to start afresh.
　　Failure doesn’t mean you should give up,
　　It does mean you must try harder.
　　Failure doesn’t mean you’ll never make it,
　　It does mean it will take a little longer.
　　Failure doesn’t mean God has abandoned you,
　　It does mean God has a better idea.
失败并不代表你是个失败者，
　　它只表明你尚未成功。
　　失败并不代表你一无所获，
　　它只表明你吸取了一次教训。
　　失败并不代表你很愚蠢，
　　它只表明你信心百倍。
　　失败并不代表你无脸见人，
　　它只表明你百折不回。
　　失败并不代表你工夫白费，
　　它只表明你的做事方法尚待改进。
　　失败并不代表你低人一等。
　　它只表明你并非完人。　　
失败并不代表你浪费生命，
　　它只表明你有理由重新开始。
　　失败并不代表你应该放弃，
　　它只表明你要加倍努力。
　　失败并不代表成功永不属于你，
　　它只表明你要付出更多的时间。
　　失败并不代表上帝已经抛弃你，
　　它只表明上帝还有更好的主意。
Failure doesn’t mean
失败并不代表
cause
cause
effect
[C] 起因；原因 a person or thing
that makes sth happen：
cause and effect
Cars are one of the leading causes of air pollution
in the world today.
[U] 理由；缘由 a reason that makes you behave
in a particular way (reason)：
with / without good cause
The patient’s condition is giving cause for concern.
cause n
[C] 事业；理想；目标 an organization, belief,
or aim that people support or fight for：
The Nobel prizes would be awarded to people who made great contributions to the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences.
cause vt
引起；导致 to make sth happen, especially sth bad：
Unpunctual people seldom realise that their habit
causes problems to others. 2015 陕西
Everyone believes that global warming is
caused by human activities.
尤指导致不好的事情发生
① cause sb sth / cause sth for sb:
His wound caused him great suffering.
The bad weather is causing problems for many farmers.
② cause sb / sth to do sth:
What caused you to change your mind
The heavy rain caused the river to rise.
cause
二者都可用作名词，都含“原因”之意。
cause 多指导致某事发生的“起因”，常用cause of 结构。
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death for American women in their forties.
reason 多指做某事或解释某事的“理由”、“借口”。常用 reason for, reason why 结构。
She gave no reasons for her decision.
We’d like to know the reason why she didn’t accept the job.
辨cause, reason
scene
场记板是上面写着场次(scene)、镜次、导演、片名、影片公司等资料的小木板。一端可以开合，打板时发出清脆的响声，以便剪接时使用。
Act I, Scene 3
The movie opens with a scene in a New York apartment.
scene n [C]
（戏剧等的）一场；(电影的) 一个镜头；场景：
[常用单数] 事发地点；现场：
The police were soon on the scene.
Doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident to carry out the rescue. 2009 上海
景色；景象 a view that you see：
He photographed a wide range of street scenes.
情景；场面：
[非正式用语] [单数] 活动领域；圈子：
The little boy came riding full speed down the road on his bicycle. What a dangerous scene it was!
The Beatles became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. 2019 浙江
The Beatles 甲壳虫乐队，英国摇滚乐队(rock band)，由
约翰·列侬 (John Lennon)、林戈·斯塔尔 (Ringo Starr)、
保罗·麦卡特尼 (Paul McCartney) 和乔治·哈里森 (George Harrison) 四名成员组成。1960年，乐队于英格兰利物浦市 (Liverpool) 成立，其音乐风格 (style) 源自20世纪50年代的摇滚乐(rock and roll)，并开拓了迷幻摇滚、流行摇滚等曲风。
scene的语义网络图
场景
scene
(基本义)
舞台 / 影视里的一个场景
案发现场的场景
自然景色的场景
事件的场景
社会活动的场景
(戏剧等的) 一场；
(电影的) 一个镜
头；场景
事发地点；现场
景色；景象
情景；场面
活动领域；圈子
形容词后缀 -y
形容词后缀-y 可加在名词后构成形容词，意为“充满……的 (full of)”或“有……特质的（characterised by）”。
sun（太阳）+ -y → sunny adj
storm（暴风雨）+ -y → stormy adj
star（星星）+ -y → starry adj
trick（诡计；花招）+ -y → tricky adj
health（健康）+ -y → healthy adj
scare（恐惧）+ -y → scary adj
sleep（睡眠）+ -y → sleepy adj
skin（皮肤）+ -y → skinny adj
rose（玫瑰）+ -y → rosy adj
mess（混乱）+ -y → messy adj
晴朗的
暴风雨的
布满星星的
棘手的 / 难对付的
健康的
困倦的
极瘦的 / 皮包骨的
红润的 / 美好的
凌乱的
可怕的
英语中的 metaphor（隐喻）来源于希腊语 metaphora，该词由 meta- (over) 和 pherein (to carry) 合成，合起来意思是 to carry over（拿过来）。因此，隐喻的本质是用一种事物来理解另一种事物，并且多是参照熟悉的、有形的、具体的事物来认识和表达无形的、抽象的事物。隐喻是一种思维方式，无处不在，它是多义词产生词义的主要理据。建立隐喻思维能更好地理解和掌握由基本义到衍生义这一思维。
隐喻 metaphor
本单元典型词
单词 基本义 比喻义
band 带子 乐队
stage 舞台 阶段
shade 阴凉处 （色彩的）浓淡深浅
atmosphere 大气 气氛
spot 斑点 地点
scene 场景 现场
随堂检测
一、写出下列句子中画线单词的汉语释义。
1. She wore a simple band of gold on her finger. ___________
2. It manages to travel the Information Highway so fast by using a broad-band connection.（2011 安徽改） ___________二、根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。
1. 他劝服了一小批志愿者来帮忙。
He persuaded _______________________ to help.
2. 这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去三个月里已经演出了十场。
The musician __________________________ has given ten performances in the last three months.（2019 江苏）
along with his band members
a small band of volunteers
band
一枚戒指
宽带连接
shade
根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。
1. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.（2017 全国） ___________
2. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall.（2012 四川改） ___________
3. There is not enough light and shade in your drawing. ___________
4. I bought a new shade for the lamp. ___________
5. Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice.（2020 天津） ___________
阴凉处
浓淡深浅 / 色度
暗部 / 阴影部分
灯罩
一点 / 略微
figure
一、根据句意写出figure的汉语释义。
__________ 1. As for my favourite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. （2016 北京书面表达）
__________ 2. The way you design your home may have an effect on your figure. （2015 全国）
__________ 3. It’s important for the figures to be updated regularly. （2011 北京）
人物
身材
数字
二、完成句子。
1. ________________________ (当一名公众人物) today is a lot more difficult than it used to be. (2013 北京)
2. In order to _______________________ (有一个好身材), most women try everything to lose weight.
Being a public figure
have a good figure
一、根据句意选出 affect 的最佳释义。
__________ 1. Welch examined a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly disease mainly affecting children.（2016 北京改）
__________ 2. With the government’s aid, those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.（2009 上海改）
__________ 3. I was deeply affected by the film.
影响
[常用于被动语态] 使感动；打动
使感染 (疾病)
affect
二、选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
(affect, effect)
1. I tried to persuade（说服）him, but with little or no __________.
2. When I was 50, my weight problem began to ____________ me seriously.（2017 天津改）
effect
affect
根据句意选出句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. A bright spot for me turned out to be reading.(2020 浙江) _________
2. In fact, grouses (松鸡) are hard to spot, because they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching.（2014 四川） _________
3. Cowles loved the story and bought it on the spot. （2014 陕西） _________
4. The woman called her again in order to recommend her a new scenic spot.
（2009 江苏） _________
5. As they entered the cool, shadowy woods, they began to search for a suitable camping spot. （2009 江西） _________
spot
c
e
d
a
b
a. 景点 b. 地点 c. 困境中使人高兴的事
d. 当场 e. 发现
failure
根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。
1. William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight
__________________（开始衰退）. （2011 全国）
2. They _______________（未能达成）an agreement, because they disagreed too much with each other. （2014 陕西改）
3. When he lost his job, he felt he had __________________________
（让他的家人失望）.
was beginning to fail
failed to reach
failed his family
4. He _________________（数学不及格）but passed
all his other subjects.
5. While some people are motivated（激励）by a need for success,
others are motivated by ___________________（惧怕失败）. （2016 江苏）
6. He broke down as he thought of his ______________（没能卖
出）all his papers. （2015 湖北）
a fear of failure
failure to sell
failed (in) maths
cause
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. It rained heavily in the south, __________ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces. （2010 天津）
2. It couldn’t be the vocabulary that _____________ (cause) you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words. （2013 安徽）
3. Most air pollution __________ (cause) by the burning of fuels like coal, gas and oil. （2008 天津）
4. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause __________ some mental illnesses. （2015 北京）
5. Watching violence（暴力）on TV is one of the major __________ (cause) of crime（犯罪）in society. （2008 上海）
causing
caused / causes
is caused
of
causes
根据句意写出句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The band is famous in the music scene. _________
2. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion（重聚）. （2015 天津） _________
3. You can take a couple of breaths and think of the beautiful scenes in nature. （2013 辽宁改） _________
4. Firefighters were on the scene immediately. _________
5. The movie opens with a scene in a New York apartment. _________
scene
音乐界 / 圈
场景
景色
事发现场
(电影的) 一个场景
谢
谢
观
赏