北师大版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 7 Art易混易错点辨析学案（无答案）

【名师原创】：Unit7 易混易错点辨析
●whether; if（是否）
【教材原句】
Talk about whether you like them or not. (教材P6)
I wonder if you could also give me more information about how to apply to be part of this festival. (教材P19)
【辨析】
两者都表示“是否”，但用法有一定区别。
whether①引导主语从句可位于句首，if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾, 用it 做形式主语放句首。②介词之后宾语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if。③whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句, if则不能。④whether可以和动词不定式连用，if 则不能。⑤在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中, 一般不用if 。whether和if都可用it作形式主语从句中。⑥在discuss/consider等某些动词之后，只能用whether，不能用if引导宾语从句。
if 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether.
【例句呈现】
I don’t know whether they will come or not.
我不知道他们是否回来。
I don’t know if / whether it will snow tomorrow.
我不知道明天是否会下雪。
Can you tell me whether to go swimming after supper
你能告诉我饭后去哪儿游泳吗？
I worry about whether he will be angry with me.
我担心他是否生我的气。
You should consider whether the car you are interested in is good value.
你应该考虑你感兴趣的小汽车是否有价值。
I can’t decide whether to stay.
我不能决定是否留下。
I want to know whether it’s good news or not.
我想知道是否是好消息。
His father is worried about whether he will lose his work.
他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.
他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
I want to know whether/if he lives there.
我想知道是否他住在那儿。
【考点过关】
用whether和if填空
1. He asked me _______ I could help him.
2. ______ the 2000 Olympic Games will be in Beijing is not known yet.
3. Success depends on _______ we make enough effort.
4. It's uncertain he'll come this evening.
5. The question is ________ it is not worth doing.
6. The question ________ the students answered correctly should be decided by the teacher.
7. We are uncertain Mary will come.
8. Please tell us ________ to go or stay here.
9. We discussed ________ we should close the shop.
10. He asked me _______ I hadn't finished my work.
11. I can't decide ________ to buy this pen or that one.
12. My question is _______ the Chinese team can go further.
13. _______ I can pass the exam isn’t clear.
【参考答案】
1. whether/if; 2. Whether; 3. whether; 4. whether/if; 5. whether; 6. whether; 7. whether/if; 8. whether; 9. whether; 10. if; 11. whether; 12. whether; 13. Whether
●remain; stay
【教材原句】
However, the fact remains that The Starry Night is now one of the world’s most famous paintings. (教材P8)
However, traditional Chinese painting remained one of the great passions of his life, and he always considered himself part of that tradition. (教材P21)
【辨析】
两者都有“（系动词）保持，仍然是；停留”的意思，这时两者可以换用，但其它意义和用法有区别。
remain 意思是“保持，仍然是；遗留，剩下；停留，逗留；留待，尚待”，常构成以下结构：
①remain + adj. = stay + adj. 保持….
②remain + n = stay + n 仍然是…..
③remain + prep. + 地点 = stay + prep. + 地点 待在某地，但是，可以说stay (at) home，不能说remain at home, 只能用remain home，去掉at, 两词组可换用。
④sth. remain to be done 某事尚待做
⑤it remain to be seen + wh-从句 …..有待观察/看/尚待定论
⑥there remains ….尚有…..
remain 可以做名词，意思是“遗迹，残留物”
stay 意思是“保持，仍然是；停留，逗留；留宿，暂住”，常构成以下结构：
①stay for dinner 留下来吃饭
②stay at home 待在家里
③stay at/in a hotel 住旅馆
④stay the night = stay overnight = stay over 过夜
⑤stay away 走开，不打扰
⑥stay in = stay (at) home待在家里，不外出
⑦stay on 留下来继续（工作，学习）
⑧stay out 待在户外，不回家
⑨stay out of…. 避开，远离，不介入
⑩stay up 熬夜
stay 也可以作名词，表示“停留，暂住”等。
【例句呈现】
Most of the house remains intact even after two hundred years.
虽然过了两百年，这房子的大部分还保持完好。
The temperature remained constant while pressure was a variable in the experiment.
做这实验时温度保持不变，但压力可变。
It remains to be seen whether his project will fly.
他的计划能否成功尚需拭目以待。
The disease often remains undetected for many years.
这种疾病经常潜伏多年而不被察觉。
There remains the problem of finance.
财政问题仍然存在。
It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice.
这一想法能否付诸实践还有待于观察。
We went on to Paris and stayed/remained there eleven days.
我们接着去了巴黎，在那里停留了十一天。
We stayed/remained in a village where time has stood still.
我们待在一个时间似乎凝滞了的村子里。
She stayed at home, afraid to show her face.
她待在家里，不敢露面。
We stayed up all night, setting the world to rights.
我们一夜没睡，谈论着如何拯救世界。
I want you to stay away from my daughter.
我要你离我女儿远远的。
His parents won't allow him to stay out late.
他的父母不会允许他在外待得很晚。
【考点过关】
用remain, stay的适当形式填空
1. She _______ home while the children were young.
2. I went to Ningxia and _______ there for one year.
3. We promised ________ friends for ever.
4. We must ________ competitive in the competitive society.
5. I ________ on the job for five months when they left.
6. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _______ away.
7. You should leave those naughty boys _______ out of trouble.
8. Last month, Tom wrote two articles during his short _______ in hospital.
9. So far many of his songs _______ popular.
10. We were told ________ in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts fastened.
11. I never see what has been done; I only see what_______ to be done.
12. It ________ to be seen whether you are right.
13. There ________ one significant problem now.
14. Please _______ calm when you meet with some difficulties.
15. You should ________ quiet when someone is making a speech.
【参考答案】
1. stayed/remained; 2. stayed/remained; 3. to stay/remain; 4. stay/remain; 5. Stayed; 6. to stay; 7. to stay; 8. stay; 9. have remained/stayed; 10. to remain/stay; 11. remains; 12. remains; 13. remains; 14. remain/stay; 15. stay/remain
●be doing…when…；be about to do…when… = be on the point of doing…when…；had just done…when…
【教材原句】
I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set; suddenly the turned as read as blood… I stood there shaking. (教材P9)
【辨析】
三者都有“当….时突然….”的意思，但是有一定区别。
be doing…when…意思是“正在做某事突然发生了另外一件事”。
be about to do…when…= be on the point of doing…when…意思是“就要做某事突然发生了另一件事”。
had just done…when…意思是“刚做完一件事突然发生了另一件事”。
【例句呈现】
He was just about to dive when he saw the shark.
他刚要跳水，突然看见了鲨鱼。
He had just had his meal when a familiar voice came to his ears.
他刚吃完饭，突然听到一个熟悉的声音。
Jim was on the point of telling a funny story when he broke off to answer the telephone.
吉姆正要讲一个可笑的故事，突然停下来接了个电话。
He was on the point of giving up when his mother encouraged him.
他正要放弃时，母亲鼓励了他。
I was about to steal a few pieces of silver when I saw a man from the other side of the street come running into the shop.
我正要偷几块银子，突然看见一个男人从大街的另一边往店里跑来。
We had marched only a little way when we came upon a group of fifty horsemen.
我们刚走没多远就遇上了一个五十人的马队。
We were doing our homework when the light went out.
我们正在做家庭作业，灯突然熄了。
We were rolling along merrily when suddenly we had a burst tyre.
我们正乘车快乐地行进着，突然间轮胎爆了。
They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.
他们正看着世界杯比赛,突然灯灭了。
We were drinking beer and trading stories when suddenly my wife came back.
我们正在喝啤酒，互相侃着奇闻轶事，这时候我妻子突然回来了。
The headmaster was about to leave the office when suddenly a boy rushed in.
校长正要离开办公室,这时一个男孩冲了进来。
He was about to give up the question, when suddenly he found the answer.
当他正准备放弃这个问题时,突然找到了解决的答案。
He was talking away about his plans when suddenly the lights went off.
他还在喋喋不休地讲着他的计划，这时灯突然灭了。
One night I was having a good sleep, when suddenly I heard my dog yapping.
一天夜里我正在熟睡，突然听到狗狂吠起来。
We were having a picnic, when suddenly there came a downpour.
当我们正在举行野餐的时候, 忽然大雨倾盆。
We had just reached home when the petrol gave out.
我们刚到家汽油就没了。
【考点过关】
根据be doing…when…；be about to do…when…= be on the point of doing…when…；had just done…when…用法填空。
1. He had just sat down to think about what to do next ______ suddenly the cat began to speak!
2. They were on the point ______ driving down a country road when suddenly the bus ran off the road and crashed into an old farmer's barn.
3. He had just left when I arrived.
4. The remaining men were about _______ (leave) when suddenly a young man rushed into the house, almost too excited to speak.
5. I was lying awake on my bed ______ suddenly Sarah came inside and started screaming.
6. We were about to talk _______ he suddenly took his jacket and run away.
7. He was enjoying a bag of peanuts ______ he suddenly became short of breath.
8. The whole family was about ______ (have) a happy reunion on the eve of the Spring Festival when the power suddenly went off.
9. We had just fallen asleep ______ the telephone rang.
10. We were about _______ (get) on the train when the explosion occurred.
11. He was ______ the point of describing a rather terrifying experience when there was a loud crash from the bedroom above.
12. She had just finished dressing ______ her guests came in.
【参考答案】
1. when; 2. of; 3. to leave; 4. when; 5. when; 6. when; 7. when; 8. to have; 9. when; 10. to get; 11. on; 12. when
●cause (vt) ; lead to
【教材原句】
Many experts say that The Scream is connected to Munch’s mental health problems, which caused him a lot of pain. (教材P9)
【辨析】
两者都有“导致，引起”的意思，在这种意思前提下，一般可以互换，但是在其它意思上有一定区别。
cause 意思是“导致，引起”，一般导致的是坏的结果。也可以构成词组cause sb./sth. to do sth. 意思是“引起/导致某人或某物做某事”。
lead to …. 意思是“导致，引起；通向”，导致的后果可好可坏也可以是中性的，to 是介词，后面一般接名词。
温馨提示：
①lead sb./sth. to do sth. 引起某人/某物做某事
②lead sb./sth. to/into + 地点 把某人/某物领到某地/进入某地
③指坏的结果时，两者可以互换；做“通向” 讲时，不可互换。
【例句呈现】
He has warned that the serious rifts within the country could lead to civil war.
他已经发出了警告，国家内部严重的不和可能会引发内战。
Straining to lift heavy weights can lead to a rise in blood pressure.
用力提重物会导致血压升高。
He agreed that these policies will lead to gridlock in the future.
他认为这些政策将来会导致僵局。
Tampering with a single enzyme can lead to untoward effects elsewhere.
破坏一种酶可能会导致在别处出现异常。
There are recognized black spots in marriages which can lead to trouble
婚姻中有一些公认的容易引发问题的雷区。
So head northwest until you find a river which should lead to the coast.
一直向西北方向走，直到你发现一条小河，这条小河通向海岸。
Repairs and improvements can lead to higher rental rates.
修缮后可以提高租价。
Fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building.
大火导致那栋大楼里的东西严重损毁。
A combination of internal and external factors caused the company to close down.
内外因结合导致了公司的倒闭。
The drug may cause an aggravation of the condition.
这种药可能导致病情恶化。
The disease can cause sterility in men and women.
这种疾病可能导致男女不育。
Heavy snow has caused total chaos on the roads.
大雪导致道路上交通一片混乱。
Anxiety can be caused by lack of sleep.
睡眠不足可能导致焦虑。
Researchers are still trying to isolate the gene that causes this abnormality.
研究人员仍然在试图分离导致这种畸形的基因。
【考点过关】
根据lead to和cause的用法, 用其适当形式填空
1. A faulty connection _______ the machine to stop that day.
2. If you string these experiences together, you can find a new life road will ______ your future.
3. The poor harvest ________ prices to rise sharply during those days.
4. He still believed that honesty and industry would ______ success.
5. Vitamin deficiency in the diet can ________ illness.
6. Excuse me, does this road _______ the railway station
7. Heavy seas can _______ cancellation of ferry services.
8. There were fears that privatization would _______ job losses.
9. Defeat could _______ one side to escalate the conflict.
10. Abuse can _______ both psychological and emotional problems.
11. Strong coffee or tea late at night may _______ sleeplessness
12. A poor diet will ultimately ________ illness.
13. Generally, a lack of magnesium _______ muscles to go into spasm.
14. Excessive drinking can ________ stomach disorders.
15. In its present form, the law could _______ new injustices.
【参考答案】
1. caused; 2. lead to; 3. caused; 4. lead to; 5. lead to/cause; 6. lead to; 7. lead to/cause; 8. cause/lead to; 9. cause; 10. cause/lead to; 11. lead to/cause; 12. cause/lead to; 13. causes; 14. cause/lead to; 15. cause/lead to
●for the first time; the first time
【教材原句】
The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years. (教材P15)
【辨析】
for the first time 意思是“第一次”，是介词短语，做状语，不能引导从句。
the first time (that)…. 意思是“当第一次….的时候”，是从属连词，引导时间状语从句。
温馨提示：
① 以上结构中的first 可根据情况换成不同的序数词。
② any time, each time, every time, the first time, (the) last time, next time等也可以作连词，引导时间状语从句。
【例句呈现】
For the first time in years, she felt in command of her life.
多少年来第一次，她觉得生活掌握在自己的手里。
In the distance we spied the Pacific for the first time.
在远处，我们突然第一次看到了太平洋。
I'll never forget hearing this piece of music for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。
He was married for the second time, this time to a Belgian
他第二次结婚，这一次是和一个比利时人。
Long enough to see them switch for the second time.
已经看着他们换第二次班了
The cock has crowed for the third time.
鸡唱三遍。
Michael is alive and he’s got himself locked up for the third time.
新剧中，迈克还活着，而且第三次身陷狱中。
I'm warning you for the last time ─ stop talking!
我最后一次警告你——闭嘴！
You have annoyed me for the last time.
这将是你最后一次惹恼我
You can come up and see me any time (that) you like.
你什么时候想来看我就来好了。
Any time you come to London do look me up.
你无论什么时候到伦敦来，一定要来看我。
Any time you want a babysitter, dear, you only have to ask.
亲爱的，你什么时候需要人帮忙照看孩子，只要开口说一声就行。
The colors gently fade each time you wash the shirt.
衬衣每洗一次都会褪点色。
They complimented me on the way I looked each time they saw me.
每次见到我，他们都称赞我的外貌。
Each time I returned I was struck by the uniqueness of Australia and its people.
每次返回，我都会惊讶于澳大利亚及其国民的与众不同。
You don’t have to go running upstairs every time she rings.
用不着她一来电话你就往楼上跑。
The child is afraid of dogs and cries every time one comes close by.
那孩子怕狗，每当有狗靠近他就哭。
Every time she travels on the bus it’s delayed by at least three hours.
每次她乘公车出行都至少耽搁3个小时。
The first time I came here, I had the best night’s sleep for months.
我第一次来到这里就睡了数月来头一个晚上的好觉。
The company struck out the first time it tried to manufacture personal computers. 该公司初次尝试生产个人电脑时就失败了。
Last time I took my pulse, it was a bit fast.
我上次量脉搏的时候有点快。
The last time we moved house there were very few breakages.
我们上次搬家几乎没什么物品被破损。
Do look me up the next time you’re in London.
你下次到伦敦，务必来找我。
Next time you go shopping, throw in a few extra fruit and vegetables.
下次你去买东西，多买点水果蔬菜。
He didn't confide anything to you the last time he saw you
他最后一次见到你时，没有向你吐露任何事吗？
I knew that the next time I saw my niece she would be walking and talking.
我知道下一次看到侄女时，她就会走路会说话了。
The first time I saw Todd, I didn't notice him at all.
我第一次见到托德时， 根本没注意他 。
He fell in love with Mary the first time he saw her.
他对玛丽一见钟情.
The first time I saw him, he was reading a book.
我第一次见到他时，他正在读书。
The last time I saw him he was in New York.
我最后一次看见他时,他在纽约。
Next time you come, you will see the scientist.
你下次来时就会见到那位科学家。
Every time I see her, she wears different clothes.
我每次见到她，看见她总是穿不同的衣服。
Each time the tourist traveled by boat he got seasick.
这位旅客每次坐船行时都晕船。
【考点过关】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
1. Come and see us _______ that you're in town.
A. any time B. until C so that D. even if
2. ______ I ask you to do something. you always say you're too busy.
A. Now that B. even though C. Each time D. In case
3. He felt nervous _______ she spoke to him.
A. so that B. each time C in case D. now that
4. You must present your library ticket _______ you borrow books.
A. every time B. in case .C. even if D. if only
5. They spoil their child by buying him a toy they go shopping.
A. even if B. now that C. so that . D. every time
6. _______ I've found myself in a social situation with my boss, we seem to run out of conversation after two minutes!
A. Ever since B. Soon after C. Every time D. In case
7. She was so attractive and he fell in love with her ________ that he met her.
A as long as B. now that C. the first time D in order that
8. _______ we made a claim on our insurance they paid up really quickly.
A. Last time B. In case C. Even if D. Now that
9. _______ I went to the pub with you, I ended up seriously out of pocket!
B. Even although C. The last time D. Ever since A. In order that
10. Why don't you drop in for a drink _______ you're over this way
A. next time B. in case C. ever since D. so that
11. _______ you decide to take some action, kindly inform me.
A. Now that B. In case C. Next time D. If only
12. He goes through the whole performance of checking the oil and water ______ he drives the car.
A. so that B. every time C. even though D. Since then
【参考答案】
1-5 ACBAD 6-10 CCACA 11-12 CB
●主语 + used to do; 主语 + be/get used to doing sth.; 主语 + be used to do sth.
【教材原句】
New Yorkers used to see the graffiti on the walls of poor neighborhoods and subway trains as something threatening and as an example of urban decay. (教材P22)
Kel Rodriguez, who used to paint New York subway trains, now works as an art director for one of the biggest newspapers in the United States. (教材P23)
【辨析】
主语 + used to do sth. 表示“过去常常”，说明过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，但现在已经不那样做或已经不存在了。其中的to是不定式符号,后面要接动词原形。它只有过去式一种形式,可以用于所有人称。
主语 + be/get used to sth./doing sth. 表示“习惯于做某事”，to是介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词，be是系动词,可以用于过去、现在、将来的多种时态, 还可以用get, become等词来代替。
主语 + be used to do sth. =主语 + be used for doing sth. 表示“被用来做某事”，是use sth. to do sth. 和use sth. for doing sth.的被动结构。
温馨提示：
①used to do sth. 的疑问式为Did … use to … 或Used … to … 构成；否定式为didn’t use to do sth. 或 usedn’t to do sth.
② there used to be… 表示“过去有….”
【例句呈现】
This powerful drug is used to tranquilize patients undergoing surgery.
这种强效药剂被用来麻醉手术病人。
The test is used to diagnose a variety of diseases.
此项化验可用于诊断多种疾病。
They used to buy ten kilos of beef in one lump.
他们过去常买10公斤重的整块牛肉。
The old-timers used to recall how hot 1886 was.
老人们常常回想起1886年的酷热。
I used to watch TV, but now I don’t like it.
我过去常常看电视,但现在不喜欢了。
He didn’t use / used not to go home by bus.
他过去不常坐公共汽车回家。
-- Did you use to be a teacher / Used you to be a teacher 你过去是老师吗
-- Yes, I did. 是的。
There used to be an old temple behind my house, didn’t there
过去我家房子后面有一个古寺，是吗？
He is used to air travel.
他习惯坐飞机旅行。
She is not used to eating Chinese food.
她不习惯吃中餐。
You’ll soon be/get/become used to our way of living.
你不久就会习惯我们的生活方式的。
Wood is often used to make desks and chairs.
木材常常被用来制作桌椅。
Coal can be used to keep warm.
煤可以用来取暖。
I am used to getting up early.
我习惯早起。
【考点过关】
根据“主语 + used to do; 主语 + be/get used to doing sth.; 主语 + be used to do sth. ”用法填空
1. My cousin is used to ________ (study) with his new friends in Australia.
2. I never used to ___________ (eat) cakes, but I eat a lot now.
3. My mother is used to ________ (get) up early to cook breakfast for us.
4. I used to ___________ (go) swimming on Saturdays.
5. Jim has lived in Australia for two years. He is used to _________ (drive) on the left.
6. Didn’t she use to ____________ (live) in Germany
7. You’ll soon get used to ___________ (live) in the country.
8. I’m not used to _____________ (treat) like this.
9. My parents used to ________ (get) up at 7, but now they get up at 6 and cook breakfast for me.
10. Knives are used for _________ (cut) things.
PAGE
2 / 2