北师大版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 8 Green living单元考点突破二学案（含答案）

名师原创：Unit8 单元考点突破（二）
●词汇精讲
1. attitude n．态度；看法；姿势
【原句再现】
Last August, city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people’s attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
attitude to/toward(s) sth/doing sth. 对待…态度
have/take/adopt a positive attitude 采取积极的态度
【精品例句】
Everything depends on people’s attitude.
一切取决于人们的态度
Attitude is everything.
态度决定一切
We should develop a good attitude to life.
我们应该树立良好的生活态度
He knelt in an attitude of prayer.
他以祈祷的姿势跪着
【高考链接】
Despite such a big difference in ____ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. (湖北课改卷）
A. point B. idea C. attitude D. sight (C)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Do you know his attitude ______ the meeting. (to/toward/towards)
2. find out发现; 查明; 弄清 (情况)
【原句再现】
Last August, city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people’s attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
find (found, found) vt. (意外) 发现; 找回; 查明; 认为; 发觉
find a solution to the problem寻找解决问题的办法
find sb/ sth + doing sth. 发现某人/某物在….
find sb/sth +adj/adv/prep. 发现某人/某物…
find sth +adj/n (to do sth) 发现某物…做
find it + adj/n (to do sth) 发现做某事是….的
find out + wh-to do 查某事
find out+ that/wh-从句 查明某事
【精品例句】
Can you find me my bag /Can you find my bag for me
你能帮我找回包吗
It is quite common to find her reading the newspaper.
看见她读报是常事
I'm glad to find you in.
很高兴你在家
He tried the door and found it unlocked.
他推了推门，发现门没有锁
She woke up and found herself in a hospital.
她醒过来，发现自己躺在医院里
I enjoy learning English and find translation quite easy
我喜欢学英语，并且认为翻译非常简单
I need to find out more about these night courses.
我需要更多地了解这些夜校课程
You can go online and find out how to do it.
你可以上网查查怎么做
I found out that I have no artistic ability at all.
我发现自己根本没有艺术天赋
【高考链接】
As you go through this book, you ______ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience. (湖南课改卷) (will)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The two girls are so alike that strangers find ___ difficult to tell one fro m the other. (it)
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ (smoke) in the kitchen. (finding)
3. majority n. 多数；大多数，（反minority）
【原句再现】
Also, the majority of residents had cycled or walked. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
温馨提示：1. majority常与of连用，后接可数名词复数，当“majority +of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数；2.当majority后不接of短语时，如着眼于整体，谓语动词用单数; 如着眼于众多个体，谓语动词用复数
【精品例句】
We live in a country where women are in the majority.
在我们居住的国家里，妇女占大多数
The majority of people believe smoking is harmful to health.
大多数人认为吸烟有害健康
The majority was / were in favor of the proposal.
大多数人赞成这个提议
Who says the majority is always able to make the minority agree with their idea
谁说多数人总能使少数人同意他们的想法
【高考链接】
One-third of the country _____ (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _____ (be) black people. (湖南课改卷) (is, are)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The_______ (major) of students find it quite hard to learn German. (majority)
4. end n.末端;尽头; 结束;结局; vt&vi结束; 终止
【原句再现】
Even though the nation produces around four and a half million tones of household waste each year, less than 1% of that waste ends up in landfills. (教材P43)
【词块积累】
ending n. 结尾;结局;词尾
endless adj.无止境的;无休止的;
endlessly adv. 无休止地
at the end of在-的末梢;在.. 的尽头
at the end of the day最终;到头来
bring/put an end to结束;终止
the end of the story故事的结局
by the end of在..结束时; 到…末为止
come to an end告终; 结束; 完结
in the end最后;终于
make (both) ends meet使收支相抵; 量入为出
on end连续地
end up doing结束;告终
end in..相当于end up with…以…为结果;以告终
【精品例句】
Jo joined the end of the line.乔站到了队尾
There is a chair at either end of the long table.长桌的两端各有一把椅子
I'm at the end of my patience.我已忍无可忍
It's hoped that the talks may bring an end to the violence.
人们希望谈判能终结这次暴力事件
The government is determined to put an end to terrorism.政府决心遏止恐怖主义活动
We had learned all the songs by the end of last month.
到上个月月底，我们已学会了所有的歌曲
The summer vacation came to an end at last.暑假终于结束了
We can't make both ends meet this month.我们本月入不敷出
They argued for two hours on end.他们持续争论了两个小时
They ended the play with a song.他们以一首歌曲结束了这出戏
The meeting ended at ten o'clock.会议10点钟结束
All’s well that end s well结局好一切都好
Even a successful inventor makes many experiments that end in failure.
即使是成功的发明家也有很多以失败告终的实验
If you try to remember everything you will end up remembering nothing.
如果你想记住所有内容, 结果反而会什么也记不住
When eating a meal, Americans begin with the soup and end up with fruits.
美国人用餐时先喝汤、最后吃水果
A good ending is better than a good beginning.好的结尾胜过好的开头
There was a happy ending to the story. 故事有个美满的结局
Nature has provided Shangri-la with endless natural treasures, making the land a happy home for the local people.
大自然给香格里拉提供了取之不尽的天然宝藏， 使得这片土地成为当地居民的幸福家园
Online learning resources seem to be endless.网上的学习资源似乎无穷无尽。
【高考链接】
Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just sweet dreams. (江西卷)
A. keep up with B. put up with C. end up with D. catch up with (D)
Those who'd shared the wealth felt much happier ___ the end of the day than those who'd spent it on themselves. (卷安徽) (at)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it ___ the end.(安徽卷) (in)
Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion and ended up as a manager.(天津卷) (as)
5. contain vt. 包含，容纳，含有
【原句再现】
According to the Swedish government, three tones of waste contains as much energy as one tone of fuel oil. (教材P43)
【词块积累】
container n. 容器，器皿，集装箱
辨析：include与 contain
include 指一个事物包括几部分；而contain 指事物本身所包含的固有的成分
【精品例句】
Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people.
有些动植物体内含有对人类有害的天然毒素
A CD-ROM is a separate disk that contains lots of information.
只读光盘是一个可容纳大量信息的独立碟片
The medical team is composed of 12 people, including 3 children.
这个医疗队有十二个人组成，其中包括三个孩子
This kind of stone contains much salt.
这种石头含有盐
【高考链接】
Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it ___. (全国卷)
A. collected B. contained C. loaded D. saved (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Sea water ______ (contains/includes) a lot of salt. (contains)
6. opportunity n. 机会，时机, 良机
【原句再现】
Where most people see problem, a few clever individuals have seen opportunities. (教材P43)
【词块积累】
grasp/seize an opportunity 抓住机会；
miss a splendid opportunity 错过一次良机
make an opportunity of doing/to do sth. 创造做某事的机会
have the opportunity of doing / to do sth. 有机会做某事/有做某事的机会
have no/little opportunity of doing/ to do sth. 没有/很少有机会做某事
【精品例句】
I’m glad to have the opportunity of speaking to you. 我很高兴有这个机会给你说话
Mary seized the splendid opportunity to go to a key university last year.
去年玛丽抓住了那个绝佳机会进入一所重点大学学习
【高考链接】
To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as we can. (江苏卷.完型)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Nowadays everyone should grasp opportunity _____ (improve) themselves.
( of improving/to improve)
7. make the best (use) of …
【原句再现】
They’re also setting a great example for others about how to make the best of a bad situation. (教材P43)
【词块积累】
联想同意词组：
make the most of… 充分利用…
make full/good use of …
take full advantage of …
get the most of …
【精品例句】
I hope you will all make the most of this chance to share information and opinions.
我希望你们大家都充分利用这个机会分享信息，交流意见
We should make good use of these materials to build a small house.
我们应该充分利用这些材料建一座小房子
【高考链接】
If you ______ full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker. ( 北京卷) (take)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
这个女孩儿正在充分利用网络挣钱
(The girl is making the most of the Internet to earn money. )
我们应该充分利用闲暇时间提高我们的英语水平
(We should take full advantage of spare time to improve our English.)
8. cause vt. 引起；导致；n. 原因，起因；理由，缘由；事业，理想，目标
【原句再现】
The main cause of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels by vehicles and power plants. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
cause and effect 因果
with/without good cause 有充分理由；毫无理由
cause sb/sth. to do sth. 使/引起某人或某物做…..
cause sb. sth. = cause sth. for sb. 给某人带来；使某人…..
【精品例句】
Cars are one of the leading causes of air pollution in the world today.
汽车是当今世界空气污染的主要原因之一
Money is thought to be the root cause of all evils.
金钱被认为是万恶之源
The patient’s condition is giving cause for concern.
病人的状况令人担忧
The Nobel Prize s would be awarded to people who made great contributions to the causes of peace.
诺贝尔奖将颁发给为和平、文学和科学事业做出巨大贡献的人
The club is raising a fund in support of this good cause.
该俱乐部正为赞助这项有益的事业而集资
Unpunctual people seldom realize that their habit causes problems to others.
不守时的人很少会意识到他们的习惯给别人带来不便
Everyone believes that global warming is caused by the activities of humans.
人们普遍认为全球变暖是有人类活动引起的
What caused you to change your mind
是什么让你改变了主意？
His wound caused him great suffering.
他的伤让他深受痛苦
【高考链接】
The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major _____ of global climate change. (福建卷)
result B. cause C. warming D. reflection (B)
According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily ________ and effect. (湖南卷)
reason B. impact C. fact D. cause (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The heavy rain caused the river ________ (rise). (to rise)
The bad weather is causing problems ______ many farmers. (for)
9. relate vt&vi. (使) 互有关系；叙述，讲；理解，认同
【原句再现】
According to the World Health Organization, 2.4 million people die annually from causes directly related to air pollution. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
relation n. 关系，联系
related adj. 相关的，有关的
relative n. 亲戚，亲属； adj. 相对的，比较的
relationship n. 关系，联系
a distant relation 远亲
the relationship between teachers and students 师生关系
in close relationship with 与… 有密切关系
have a direct relationship with ….与…. 直接关系
a question relative to my plan 与我的计划有关的问题
in relation to 与…. 相比，关于
be related to 与….有关
【精品例句】
The report seeks to relate the rise in crime to an increase in unemployment.
这篇报告试图证明犯罪的增加与失业人数的增加有关
He related how the accident happened.
他叙述了事故发生的经过
Tiredness is directly related to a driver’s response time.
疲劳和司机的反应时间密切相关
The relationship between them is that of teacher and pupil.
他们是师生关系
He has established good relationship with his neighbors.
他和邻居建立了良好的关系
I have a lot to say in relation to this affair.
关于这件事我有很多话要说
Everyone seemed to be a relative of Tom’s.
每个人都像是汤姆的亲戚
【高考链接】
The accident was related ____ the driver’s carelessness. (山西卷) ( to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Women’s earnings are still low in relation _____ men’s. (to)
10. contribute vt.&vi. 捐助; 捐献; 贡献; 造成/促使(某事发生); 投(稿); 撰(稿)
【原句再现】
You can easily contribute to reducing air pollution by only using a car to make journeys when it’s absolutely necessary. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
contributor n 捐款人; 撰稿人; 起作用的因素
contribution n. 捐款; 捐献物; 贡献; 稿件; 作品
contribute (sth) to sth 对….奉献…；投稿
contribute (money) to the Red Cross向红十字会捐钱
contribute to …对…做出贡献，对….起作用
【精品例句】
It was generous of her to con tribute such a large sum of money.
她很大方，捐了这么一大笔钱
He never contributes (ideas) to the discussion.
他在讨论时从不发表意见
Alcohol contributes to 100, 000 deaths a year in the US.
在美国，酒精每年造成10万人死亡
Stress is a contributing factor in many illnesses.
压力是诸多疾病的致病因素
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
她给这家杂志撰写了许多文章
I gave a contribution of $100 to / toward the church.
我给教堂捐了1 00美元
This is a magazine with contributions from well-known travel writers.
这是一本由著名旅行作家撰稿的杂志。
【高考链接】
I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution ________ the world. (湖南卷)
(to/toward)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Immigrants have contributed ________the British culture in many ways. (to/toward)
11. supply n. 供应量; 补给量; 生活必需品; 补给品; 供应; 供给; vt. 供给; 供应; 提供
【原句再现】
When this happens, the chances of dangerous chemicals in the waste entering our water supply increase. (教材P45)
【词块积累】
school/ medical / relief supplies学校用品/医疗用品/救援物资
supply and demand供应与需求
cut off the electricity supply切断电力供应
supply sth to sb / supply sb with sth.
【精品例句】
There was a plentiful supply of cheap labor
有大量的廉价劳动力
The media supplies lots of information to us every
媒体每天给我们提供很多信息
【高考链接】
As the world's population continues to grow, the ______ of food becomes more and more of a concern. (浙江卷)
A. worth B. supply C. package D. list (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The bookstore supplied the school ______ many science book. (with)
12. apart from 除了……外(还)；此外
【原句再现】
Apart from the three Rs (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle), some experts have begun advocating the fourth R—Responsibility. (教材P45)
【词块积累】
apart from具有下列三层含义：
※ 相当于as well as/in addition to/besides…指“除……之外(还)；此外；加之”，强调“另外还有”；
※ 相当于aside from…指“除了……外”；
※ 相当于except for…指“除了……外(都)；要不是”，是在对某人或某物整体上肯定的同时，特别指出其不足之处。
※ take...apart　将……拆开
※ tell sb./sth. apart 把某人/某物区分开
【精品例句】
Apart from the boring fight between the two heroes，it is a really good movie.
除了两个主人公之间乏味的打斗以外，这部电影还真的不错
Apart from being a painter，she is also a yoga coach.
除了是位画家，她还是个瑜伽教练
Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.
除了以上提到的结构，你也学会了下面的词组
【高考链接】
Apart natural and cultural wonders, Hangzhou is also famous for its culinary delights. (山东卷) (from)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Except ______ the ending，it's a really good film. ( for)
They are so alike，and it's difficult to tell them _______．(apart)
13. promise v. 许诺；答应；保证； 有….希望/可能； n. 诺言；承诺；有指望，有前途
【原句再现】
Some cities, such as Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai, among others, are leading the way and have promised to send “zero waste to landfill” by 2020. (教材P45)
【词块积累】
break/make a promise 违背诺言/做出承诺
carry out one’s promise 履行承诺
keep/live up to one’s promise 信守承诺
promising adj. 有希望的有前途的
a promising lawyer 一个有前途的律师
promise to do sth. 答应/承诺做某事
promise + that 从句 答应/承诺….
promise sb. that…. 答应某人某事
promise sb. sth.= promise sth. to sb. 答应给某人某物
sth. promise to do sth. 某物有望/预示着…..
【精品例句】
Don’t forget your promise to visit me next week.
别忘了你答应下周来看我
Give me your promise that you’ll never be late again.
答应我你绝不再迟到了
Her work shows great promise.
她的工作很有前途
I promise that you will get all your money back.
我保证你会拿回你所有的钱
She has been promise a new bike.
有人答应给她买辆自行车
Those clouds promise rain tomorrow.
那些云预示着明天可能有雨
【高考链接】
The new movie ______ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time. (辽宁卷)
A. promises B. agrees C. pretends D. declines (A)
The young man made a _______ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation. (湖北卷)
A. prediction B. promise C. plan D. contribution (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I’ve promise the book to Susan. (to)
It promises ______ (be) a fine day. (to be)
They promised _______ (help) the boy with his studies. (to help)
●本单元重要词组
14. take action to do sth. 采取行动/措施做某事
Last August, city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people’s attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken. (教材P40)
We should take action to protect the newly developed technology.
●句型点拨
1. 特殊疑问词＋不定式 结构
【原句再现】
They’re also setting a great example for others about how to make the best of a bad situation. (教材P43)
句式分析：句中how to make the best of a bad situation为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，作介词on的宾语。
【能力拓展】
※ 常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问副词how，when，where等。
※ 语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。
※ 通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式。
【精品例句】
We can't decide what to eat for dinner.
我们决定不了晚饭吃什么。
I don't know when to hand in my homework.
我不知道什么时候交我的家庭作业。
Can you tell me how to solve this math problem
你能告诉我如何解这道数学题吗？
【高考链接】
The teacher taught the students _______ to do the experiment．（山东卷） (how)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The problem is _____ to put this computer． (where)
I have no idea _____ to say about this. (what)
2. sth. be used for sth./doing sth. = sth. be used to do sth. 表示“某物被用于某事或做某事”
【原句再现】
Landfills are used for waste disposal in many countries around the world. (教材P38)
句式分析：句中are used for waste disposal …. 表示“某物被用于…”
【能力拓展】
used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”
否定形式：didn't use to或used not (usedn't) to
疑问形式：Did...use to...？或Used... to...
反意疑问形式：肯定句，usedn't/didn't＋主语？
※ be/get used to (doing) sth.表示“习惯于(做)某事”，现在依旧在做
※ used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
【精品例句】
You used to go there，usedn't/didn't you
你过去常到那里去，是吗？
I used to cook，but I don't have time to cook now.
我以前经常做饭，但是现在没时间做了。
Tom used to be a couch potato，but he works out every day now.
汤姆过去是个电视迷，但现在每天都健身。
On Sundays he used to get up early and go fishing.
在星期天，他过去常常早起去钓鱼。
【高考链接】
Robots can be used _______ (do) the different thing. (湖南卷) (to do)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Let your body get/be used to (take) exercise! (taking)
He used to get the mail early in the morning, ________ he (usedn’t/didn’t)
●现在分词和过去分词（详见语法课件）
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