北师大版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 8 Green living Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots词汇精讲课堂课件(共39张PPT)

(共39张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
版本：新北师
单元：必修三 Unit 8 (TOPIC TALK — LESSON 1)
本单元词汇梳理
1. tap tap 是英式英语，对应的美式英语是 faucet
词块：turn on / off the tap
熟词生义：轻拍；轻敲；开发；挖掘
2. ocean ocean 是美式英语，对应的英式英语是 sea
3. smog smog 是由 smoke（烟）和 fog（雾）组成的混合词。
1905年，在公共健康委员会的一次会议中，一名博士创造了该词，用来形容伦敦烟雾弥漫。
派生词：smoggy
4. desert de- (undo 去掉) + serere (to join together 加入) → 不加入 → 离开 → 抛弃；离弃
n 沙漠；n 和 v 发音不同
5. global globe (n 球体)+ -al；派生词：globally
词块：global warming
6. industrial 构词法：industry — industrial
词块：the Industrial Revolution
7. extinction 构词法：extinct — extinction
extinct：ex- (向外) + -stinct (刺) → 拔刺、拔出 → 连根拔起 → 灭绝
词块：in danger of extinction
8. solution 构词法：solve — solution
用法：a solution to sth (类似结构：way to, key to 等)
9. electricity 词块：cut off electricity, make / produce electricity, turn on / off electricity
词族：electric, electrical, electrically, electrician, electricity
10. transport trans- (across 横过、越过) + -port- (to carry 运输、携带)
词块：public transport
11. recycle re- (重复) + cycle (v 循环) → 重复循环 → 回收利用
词族：cycle, cycling, recycle, recycling
12. battery 词源：动词 bat（击打）的名词形式。battery 最初表示
“连续重击”，后衍生出“轰炸”之意。后来又被用来表示包含一组火炮或炮台，因为包含多门火炮的火炮组能够不间断地连续发射炮弹。电池问世后，美国科学家本 富兰克林将电池叫作 battery，因为电池能像火炮组一样连续发射电荷。
词块：dead / flat battery, the battery dies / goes dead
13. balance bi- (two 两个) + lanx (pans 盘) → 天平 → 平衡
词块：keep / have a balance between ... and …, keep / lose one’s balance, a sense of balance
派生词：balanced
词块：a balanced diet
14. flat flat 是英式英语，对应的美式英语是 apartment
词源：在英国，人们原本习惯居住在独立的房屋中。直到19世纪末期，随着城市化进程和人口增加，伦敦城中传统的独立房屋的价格日益昂贵，越来越多的人负担不起，因此出现了公寓楼。这种楼房由多层构成，每一层都是单独的一套居住单位，人们可以购买或租用楼房中的一层。在英语中，人们管这种楼房中的一套居住单位称为 flat，本意是“一层、一个平面”，而一栋公寓楼则称为 a block of flats。flat 中的一个房间称作 apartment，意思是 flat 中的一个 part （部分）。但到了美国，美国人逐渐用 apartment 来表示整个flat。但是在英国、新加坡等英联邦国家中，人们还是使用 flat 来表示一套公寓。
15. root 基本义：根；名词动词化
词块：be rooted in
16. shoot 一词多义：基本义“投射”
词块：shoot up
17. bothered 构词法：bother — bothered
词块：can’t be bothered to do sth
18. firm adj 一词多义：基本义“坚硬的”
n 近义词：business / company
派生词：firmly
19. foundation 词族：found, founder, founding, foundation
词块：lay the (firm) foundation for
20 all around the world 近义词：all over the world, globally
21. involve in- (进入、使) + -volve (卷入)，词源义和基本义是“使卷入”
词块：involve doing sth, involve sb / oneself in (doing) sth 派生词：involved, involvement
重难点词精讲
balance
一词多义
搭配义
shoot
一词多义
transport
bother & bothered
英语释义
involve
一词多义
英语释义
foundation
一词多义
一词多义
词根
■ n [C] [AmE transportation]
运输； 搬运：
The company will arrange transport of goods from the airport.
交通运输系统； 交通工具：
air / road transport
Which kind of public transport do you prefer to use: bus or train
■ vt
运输； 输送； 搬运：
At present, lots of food and medicine are being transported from all over China to the earthquake stricken areas. 2008 湖北改
transport
trans- (across 横过、越过) + -port- (to carry 运输、携带)
使进入特定境地：
Humour transports your mind away from your daily troubles. 2020 江苏改
transportation n [U] 运输； 客运； 货运； 运输工具 (BrE transport)
词根 port
词根 前缀 v / adj
port 拿；运输 to carry re-: 回 (back) report
sup-: 在下 (underneath) support
trans-: 横过 / 越过 (over / across) transport
ex-: 出 (out) export
im-: 入 (in) import
de-: 分开 / 离开 (away) deport
im-: 入 (in); -ant: ……的 important
根据所给提示，写出下列句子中画线单词的汉语释义。
1. We were greatly encouraged by the support we received. ________
2. The event was widely reported in the national press. ________
3. Blood transports oxygen around the body. ________
4. We export our products to countries as far afield as Japan and Canada.
_______
5. These are made mainly of rice, much of which is imported from other parts of the world. _______
6. Thousands of illegal immigrants（非法移民）are caught and deported every year. _______
支持
报道
出口
运输
驱逐出境
进口
balance
balance 最初的本意是“天平”。它源自古拉丁语 bilanx ，由 bi（two ，两个）+ lanx（pans，盘）构成，指的就是“由两个秤盘构成的天平”。后来，该词又逐渐衍生出“平衡”的比喻之意，再在财会领域中，由“财务平衡表的差值”而衍生出“余额”之意。
天秤座libra来自拉丁语，英语中也称作the Balance。古希腊神话中的公平女神阿斯特赖亚（Astraea），她手持一架天平（balance），象征公平公正的原则。后来众神之王宙斯将其秤的形象升上天空，用来警示世人要追求公平、平等，趋善避恶，使其成为天秤（平）座，即libra。
balance n
[C] 天平；秤：
Weigh it on the balance.
[U] [常用单数] 平衡；均衡：
keep / lose one’s balance
Athletes need a good sense of balance.
I think it’s important to have a balance between
study and a social life, so I’m going to join a few clubs.
[C] [常用单数] 余额；余款：
I have a balance of about $50,000 in my savings account.
【重要搭配】
on balance 总的说来：
On balance, I think we made the right decision.
vt & vi (使) 保持平衡；(使) 均衡：
The hospital needs to balance the budget each year.
Hobbies help people balance between work and play.
A group of women came along, each balancing a pot of water on her head.
【词汇拓展】
balanced adj [常用于名词前] 均衡的：
a balanced diet
balance 语义网络图
抽象的“平衡”
天平；秤
平衡；均衡
余额；余款
平衡
（基本义）
v
n
账户上的“平衡”
（使）保持平衡；（使）均衡
使物体“平衡” 的工具
New Balance
1906年，New Balance创始人William J.Riley先生在美国波士顿成立了一家脚弓支撑器公司，专门订做整形外科的脚弓支撑器和矫正鞋。有一天，他观察院子里的小鸡时发现，小鸡的三个爪子可以保持平衡。他受到启发，将这种平衡原理运用到脚弓支撑器的设计和研发上，并为其取了一个名字——New Balance，New Balance名字应运而生并沿用至今。New Balance还和整形外科有渊源，改变某种缺陷，使其重新达到平衡（balance）。
shoot
shoot 基本义是“投射”
■ (shot, shot) v
vi & vt 开（枪等武器）；射出；射击：
He shot the arrow from the bow.
He hit the target after he shot at it several times.
vt 射中；射死：
The police shot one suspect when he pulled a gun
on them.
vt & vi 拍摄：
The movie was shot in New Zealand.
shoot
vt & vi 射门；投篮：
The basketball player shot the last goal.
vi & vt（使）快速移动：
The pickpocket shot his hand into her bag.
One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle. 2016 全国
■ n [C] 嫩枝；新芽：
bamboo shoots 竹笋
The rose is putting out new shoots.
shooting n [C] 射击；枪杀；[U]（电影）拍摄
shoot 语义网络图
投射
shoot 基本义
“投射”弓箭、子弹等
“投射”导致受伤或死亡
开（枪等武器）；射出；射击
射中；射死
拍摄
（使）快速移动
射门；投篮
摄影机等“投射”光线而捕捉镜头
“投射”篮球、足球等
某人、某物从某处快速地“投射”
bother v
vi & vt [常用于否定句和疑问句] 费心；麻烦 to spend time and / or energy doing sth：
He didn’t bother to answer the question.
— I need to advertise for a roommate for next term.
— Why bother Mary is interested. 2011 天津
vt 使烦恼；使苦恼 (worry)；使疼痛 to annoy, worry or upset sb; to cause sb trouble or pain：
You needn’t bother yourself about / with small things.
My wrist has been bothering me.
vt 打扰 to interrupt sb (trouble)：
Don’t bother me while I’m reading.
Sorry to bother you, but the manager is on the line.
bothered adj［不用于名词前］担心的；烦恼的
can’t be bothered to do sth 懒得做某事；嫌麻烦不做某事：
My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me. 2020 浙江
看图猜词
foundation
foundation
[C] & [U] 基础；基本原则；根据 the idea, principle, or fact on which sth is based：
The foundation of every state is its education of its youth.
“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made,” Yang Zhenning recalled.
[U] 创建；创办 (establishment)：
the foundation of the first university
[C]［常用复数］地基；房基：
How long will it take to finish digging the foundations
[C] 基金会：
Children’s Foundation of China
词源：found (= fund, 底部、基础) + -ation，与fund同源
本杰明·富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin,
1706 — 1790），美国政治家, 美国独立战争时期重要的领导人之一。同时他也是一位物理学家，发明了避
雷针，最早提
出电荷守恒定律。
这是一句教育名言，有人说它出自本杰明 富兰克林，更多的人认为它是一句荀子经典语录的英文版。你能把这个句子翻译成中文吗？
荀子
involve
不闻不如闻之，闻之不如见之，见之不如知之，知之不如行之；学至于行之而止矣。行之，明也。
——《荀子·儒效》
包含；需要 to make sth necessary in an activity or situation：
involve (doing) sth:
A crosstalk performance involves talking, imitating, singing and telling jokes.
The work of a teacher involves love and devotion. 2010 上海改
词源解读：
involve 由词缀in- + 词根-volve 组成，in- 意为“进入；使”，-volve 意为“卷入”。involve的词源义和基本义是“使卷入” 。
involve vt
同义异构：include
涉及；影响 to affect or be related to sb / sth：
If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their positions. 2009 上海
How many vehicles were involved in the crash
使参加 to make sb take part in sth：
involve sb / oneself (in sth):
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 2014 福建
同义异构：affect, influence
同义异构：take part in / participate in
involved adj 参与的；投入的：
be / get involved (in / with):
Whatever you do, don’t be a bystander. Get involved. 2016 四川
Children can get a lot out of being involved in volunteer work.
Fathers are encouraged to be more involved with their children.
involvement n [U] 参与
【词汇拓展】
同义词：participation
involve 语义网络图
包含
需要
“使卷入” 因而包含
涉及；影响
“使（人）卷入” 某项活动
使参加
“使卷入” 因而是必要组成部分
“使卷入”因而与之有关联
involve
使卷入
随堂检测
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. His bike is his only means of transport. __________
2. The bus’s function is to transport customers to and from the shopping mall.（2014 天津） __________
3. Blood transports oxygen around the body. __________
4. The goods were damaged during transport. __________
二、根据所给汉语完成句子。
1. Driverless cars may end up being a form of _________________（公共交通工具）rather than vehicles you own and fell on my face. （2017 天津)
2. The statue was __________________（运去）London.
交通工具
运送
输送
运输
transport
public transport
transported to
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Mothers should balance their time for work and rest.（2015 四川） __________
2. Researchers have found wolves and their prey（猎物）living in balance.（2010 江苏） __________
3. When do we need to pay the balance （2006 北京） __________
4. I thought she was going to fall, but she recovered her balance and carried on walking. __________
二、根据所给汉语完成句子。
1. I _____________________________（失去平衡）and fell on my face. （2015 湖北)
2. Be sure to __________________（保持平衡）and don’t let your body shake. （2014 辽宁）
平衡
平衡
余款
恢复 / 找回平衡
balance
lost my balance / was off balance
keep your balance
3. I’ve got _____________________（良好的平衡感）and learnt to ski
quite quickly.（2013 陕西）
4. Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this ________________________________________（城市和农村间的平衡）.
（2013 北京）
三、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. His wife’s death disturbed the balance of his mind. _______________
2. The question caught him off balance. _______________
3. He turned around, balancing awkwardly on one foot. _____________
4. His lack（缺乏）of experience was balanced by a willingness to learn. _____________
a good sense of balance
balance between the city and the country
使他心神不宁
使他不知所措 / 使他乱了方寸
站稳 / 站立
弥补
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. A bird flew away so quickly that no one was able to shoot it.（2012 全国）
___________
2. There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees.（2012 四川） ___________
3. Usually new shoots can be picked from the plants about every ten or fifteen days. ___________
4. It was not until at the end of 19th century that shooting earned its status（地位）as a sport.（2008 广东改） ___________
5. A cat shot out into the road in front of him. ___________
6. Reporters were shooting questions at the candidates. ___________
新芽
射箭
射中
射击
shoot
猛地窜出来
向……发问
bother & bothered
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. — I’ll go to the post office to mail this parcel to Ann.
— Why bother I’ll see her at dinner this evening. __________
2. — I’m afraid you have the wrong number.
— Sorry! I hope I didn’t bother you.（2013 辽宁） __________
3. Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat bothers us.（2013 湖南） __________
4. I couldn’t be bothered to clean the room today; I’ll do it tomorrow. __________
5. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it.（2011 上海） __________
6. Don’t bother your father about it now; he’s very tired. __________
不必麻烦
打扰
使烦恼
懒得打扫房间
懒得去看
别拿这事打扰你父亲
根据句意写出foundation的汉语释义。
1. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse.（2016 江苏）__________
2. Starting learning English from childhood will help students lay a firm foundation for their future English learning. ___________
3. Jackscrews（螺旋千斤顶）are used to separate the large, heavy structures from their foundations.（2015 湖南改） ___________
4. Since the foundation of New China, the development of the Chinese nation has entered a new era. ___________
foundation
地基
成立
基金会
基础
involve
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.（2014 福建） ___________
2. Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending quite a lot of time with students.（2013 福建） ___________
3. “Genius” is a complicated concept（复杂的概念）, involving many different factors.（2012 上海） ___________
4. The test will involve answering questions about a photo. ___________
参加
需要
涉及
包含
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. Parents should ______________________（参与）their child’s education.
2. More than 100 people ______________________ （参与）the project.
3. I was so ______________________ （全神贯注看书）that I didn’t hear you knock.
involve themselves in
were involved in
involved in my book
谢
谢
观
赏