北师大版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 8 Green living Lesson 3 "White Bikes" on the Road单元语法详解课件(共31张PPT)

(共31张PPT)
Unit 8 Green Living
单元语法详解
北师大版新教材必修三
本单元重点语法
→现在分词和过去分词
a. Well, say you leave the tap running while you brush your
teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece
of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up. （教材 P31）
b. Inspired by her example, he began to work harder. (教材
P33)
c. This institute was set up in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane
Goodall, a scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on
wild chimpanzees.(教材 P31)
d. One flowering plant. (教材 P33)
◆ 原句再现
现在分词
★
◆现在分词几种构成形式（根据含义划分）
●主动式
一般式：doing
完成式：having done
●被动式
一般式：being done
完成式：having been done
◆现在分词的否定形式
not/never having done
not/never doing
not/never being done
not/never having been done
◆现在分词的含义：表示动作正在发生或与谓语动作同时（或基本同时）发生，与所修饰的词是主动关系，请观察以下句子
a. Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.
(这里，play 这一动作正在进行)
b. The old man sat there reading the newspaper.
(这里，read 这一动作与 sat 同时发生)
c. The sleeping boy is smiling in his dream.
(sleep 这一动作与smile 同时发生，且为 the boy 主动发出
◆现在分词的语法功能：现在分词相当于形容词或副词，在句子中一般作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。
● 作定语
The smiling girl is his sister.
2. The man standing under the tree is Tom’s father.
※悄悄告诉您：单个现在分词作定语，放在被修饰的名词前面;分词短语作定语，放在被修饰的名词后面, 请观察以下句子
a. The flying plane is heading for Canada.
b. The running machine was imported from America.
c. The building being built now will be a teaching building.
The students, ______ in the classroom, come from England.
A. studying B. to be studying
C. studied D. to study
※试一下吧
A
※贴心告知：
①现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生,与修饰词是主谓关系。
②过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。
③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。
这里， studying in the classroom. = who are studying in the classroom
● 做表语
※ 轻轻告诉你：现在分词作表语时多说明主语所具有特征或属性；表示“令人…的”，这样的现在分词已经形容词化了，相当于一个形容词,常见有amazing, exciting, boring, annoying, interesting, tiring, surprising, worrying , satisfying, amusing等， 请观察以下句子
a. The result of the exam is annoying because he didn’t pass it.
b. The confusing problem made him completely confused.
c. They all heard of the exciting news.
d. This is a satisfying answer to him because he has been waiting for it.
e. The boring task failed at last.
● 作宾语补足语, 请观察以下句子
a. I found the workers painting the walls.
b. We saw these children swimming in the river then.
c. He kept us waiting for him for a long time.
d. The girl left her books lying on the floor.
e. I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
● 作状语
※ 轻轻告诉你：现在分词修饰谓语，表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语,请观察以下句子
1. 表示时间
Walking in the street, he saw an old man fall down.
=When he was walking, he saw an old man fall down.
2. 表示条件
Having time, I will attend the meeting.
= If I have time, I will attend the meeting.
3. 表示原因
Being ill, the girl didn’t go to school.
4. 表示伴随情况
They walked out of the house, laughing and talking.
= They walked out of the house, laughed and talked.
5.表示让步
Winning the game, they were still unhappy.
=
= Although they won the game, they were still unhappy.
= The girl didn’t go to school because he was ill
◆考点训练
1.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert.
A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cove
2.The flowers ______ sweet in the botanical garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
3. Will those _____ the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office
A. teaching B. teach C. who teaches D. who teaching
4. There are hundreds of visitors ________ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings.
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait
A
B
A
C
5. --Why did you go back to the shop --I left my friend ______ there.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits
6. Don’t leave the water ________while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
7. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
8. I found the game ________, and my Dad explained for the rules.
A. excited B. to excite C. excite D. exciting
9. When ________ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared
10. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ________advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken
A
B
B
D
C
A
11.He didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, ________ fun.
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
12. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since April, ________a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
13. He glanced over at her, ________that though she was tiny, she was very well put together.
A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted
14. Alice returned from the manager’s office, ______ me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling
15. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked
D
B
A
D
A
过去分词
★
◆过去分词的语法功能：过去分词在句子中一般作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语
● 作定语
English is a widely used language.
2. This is one of the schools built in 1980s.
※悄悄告诉你：单个过去分词作定语，放在前面;分词短语作定语，放在后面, 例如：
a. The broken vase is lying on the ground.
b. The lost pen is valuable.
c. The building built last year is a teaching building.
The Olympic Games, __________ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.
A. first played B. to be first played
C. first playing D. to be first playing
※试一下吧
A
※贴心告知：
①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。
②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。
③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。
在这里 first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.
※ 小操练
1. Did you attend the meeting ______ yesterday
A. to be held B. having been held
C. held D. being held
2. Do you know the name of the play _________ in the hall now
A. to be put on B. being put on
C. put on D. putting on
3. I borrowed a book _____ by Mark Twain from the library last week.
I like it very much.
A. written B. writing C. was written D. to write
4. Please don’t forget him. He is one of _______.
A. those invited B. invited those
C. those inviting D. inviting those
C
B
A
A
● 做表语
※ 轻轻告诉你：过去分词作表语：①表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词 ②被动语态后面常跟 by 短语
① The glass is broken. ( 表状态 )
The glass was broken by Tom. (表被动 )
② The windows are closed. (表状态 )
The windows are closed by Jack. (表被动 )
※ 温馨告知：表“心理感受” 分词 interested, surprised, lost, excited, frightened, shocked 和 dressed, drunk, known devoted, 用作表语, 有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。
① How did the audience receive the new play
They got very excited.
② --How did Bob do in the exams this time
--Well, his father seems pleased with his results.
③ She was very disappointed to hear the result.
④ He’s quite experienced in teaching beginners.
※ 试一下吧
Cleaning women in big cities usually get __________ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
c
※ 轻轻告诉你：该题考查分词作表语的用法。“paid sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的情况还有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.
※小操练
1. As soon as he entered the city, he _________.
A. was losing B. got losing C. grew lost D. got lost
D
2. The rooms are ___________ now, so you can’t move in.
A. painted B. painting
C. being painted D. to be painted
3. What he has done is really __________. Now his parents
are _____ him.
A. disappointing; disappointed at
B. disappointing; disappointed about
C. disappointing; disappointed with
D. disappointed; disappointing by
C
C
● 作宾语补足语
※ 温馨告知：过去分词作宾补①时间上表动作已经完成②语态上:表被动.
a. I found the countryside changed a lot.
b. I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.
※ 词汇特征
1.表“希望，要求”的动词：
want, wish, expect, like, order + (to be) done
a. I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday.
b. Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned.
2.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：
See/hear/feel/watch/notice/find + 宾语 + 过去分词
a. We saw the thief caught by the police.
b. People found the water polluted
3.与众不同的几个动词：使役动词
make, get, have
I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.
= I want to get the barber to cut my hair.
= I want to let the barber cut my hair.
4. with复合结构：with, without + 名词 + 过去分词
The murderer was brought in , with his hands _____
behind his back .
A .being tied B .having tied
C .to be tied D .tied
D
● 作状语
※ 轻轻告诉你：过去分词修饰谓语，表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。
1. 表示时间
Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.
=When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.
2. 表示条件
Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.
= If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.
3. 表示原因
Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.
4. 表示伴随情况
She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.
= She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.
5.表示让步
Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.
=
= Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.
※ 试一下吧
____ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
C
※ 温馨告知：①这里分词作状语，逻辑主语应是主句的主语②.“陷入深思”有两种表达法: lose oneself in thought;
be lost in thought
※ 小操练
1. ________ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
C
b. Before _____, the machine must be checked.
being used B. using it
C. being used to D. using
c. _____ better attention , the vegetables could have grown
better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and ________
them light.
Giving; given B. Given; given
C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving
A
D
That’s all!
Thank you!