北师大版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 9 Learning易混易错点辨析学案（含答案）

【名师原创】：Unit9 易混易错点辨析
●debate; argue; discuss; quarrel
【教材原句】
If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do. (教材P53)
There are also a lot of discussions and debates. (教材P65)
【辨析】
四个词都有 “辩论，争论，说理”之意。但各有侧重。
debate 往往侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩, 既可以作名词也可以作动词。
argue 表示提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护，着重说理、论证和企图说服。
discuss 表示就某一或某些问题表明观点、看法等，以便统一认识，解决问题，最常用词。
quarrel 表示两人之间或两个团体之间不友好的、大声争论某事，重点是“吵嘴、吵架”， 既可以作名词也可以作动词。
【例句呈现】
His comments are bound to add fuel to the debate.
他的话必将为争论推波助澜。
A full-scale debate is under way on what ails the industry.
关于工业为何陷入困境正在展开一场全面的讨论。
The senator argued with the President about the new tax bill.
参议员和新总统为新税法案争辩了。
One could argue that smoking, by its very nature, is addictive.
有人可能认为抽烟从本质上说就具有成瘾性。
They argue that only private capitalists can remake Poland's economy.
他们认为，只有私人资本家才能重振波兰经济。
The Politburo has been meeting in Peking to discuss the situation.
政治局已在北京召开会议讨论形势。
Senior politicians met today to discuss the future of European economic unity.
高级政要今天会晤，探讨欧洲经济一体化的未来。
The magazine's aim is to discuss topical issues within a Christian framework.
该杂志的宗旨是在基督教框架下讨论时下的热门话题。
They could quarrel quite legitimately with some of my choices.
他们大有理由不同意我的一些选择。
The monarchists are a small fringe group who quarrel fiercely among themselves.
君主主义者是一个内部争吵激烈的非主流的小团体。
【考点过关】
翻译下列句子
1. 这个医生论述了治疗癌症的不同方法。
2. 针对他是否能胜任最高职务展开了争论。
3. 这件事可能是在他们为娜奥米争吵的过程中发生的。
4. 有一些人认为真正独立的意见是不存在的。
【参考答案】
1. The doctor discussed different approaches to the treatment of cancer.
2. There is a debate about/over his fitness for the highest office.
3. It could have happened during a quarrel between them about/over Naomi.
4. There are those who argue that true independent advice is unattainable.
●agree with; agree on; agree to
【教材原句】
Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all. (教材P53)
【辨析】
agree with ①“同意…..的话/观点/看法/意见”②与…..相符/一致 ③（气候，食物等）适合…..。
agree on/upon 意思是“(双方) 就……达成一致意见/达成协议”，后接名词、代词或动名词，句子主语往往是复数。
agree to 意思是“同意计划/建议/安排等”，这时，to为介词.
温馨提示：agree to do sth. 意思是“答应/同意做某事”
【例句呈现】
The great majority of people seem to agree with this view.
大多数人似乎都同意这种观点。
Your account of the accident does not agree with hers.
你对事故的叙述与她的叙述不一致。
As the author of the proposal I cannot agree with you.
我作为提案的发起人不能同意你的意见。
I agree with what he says, but I'd have phrased it differently.
我赞同他说的，但我会以不同的方式表述。
First, they had to agree on which conflict was their most recent.
首先，他们必须就哪次冲突是最近的一次达成一致。
And we don't want businesses to agree on prices in the back office.
我们不希望企业背地里制定统一价格。
I can't agree to anything without my partner's approval.
没有合伙人的认可我什么也不能答应。
You and I are going to have to agree to disagree then.
那你我只能各自保留不同意见
I cannot but agree to your decision.
我不得不同意你的决定。
I fully agree to the arrangement and take delight in it.
我完全赞成并乐于接受这一安排。
【考点过关】
根据agree with, agree on/upon, agree to的用法填空
1. This kind of food here doesn’t agree _______ the old and so does the climate.
2. I strongly suspect that most ordinary people would agree ______ me
3. The author can report other people's results which more or less agree ______ hers.
4. If we cannot agree on a simple matter of that kind, we can never agree _______ anything of importance.
5. If you both agree _________ ground rules right from day one, it can last.
6. They agree _______ Russian entry into the World Trade Organization.
7. Do you think he'll agree ________ their proposal
8. The management is understood to be very unwilling to agree ______ this request
9. An objective set of rules which we all agree _______ (accept) is necessary for any ordered society.
10. What on earth had possessed her to agree _______ (marry) him
【参考答案】
1. with; 2. with; 3. with; 4. on/upon; 5. on/upon; 6. on/upon; 7. to; 8. to; 9. to accept; 10. to marry
●if not; if anything；if so; if any; if ever
【教材原句】
Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all. If not, at least you have “listened to” another point of view. (教材P53)
【辨析】
四者都是表示假设的省略句式，是英语中常见的一种句型
if not 表示“如果不那样的话”，是对前面所述内容的一种否定假设。if anything表示“如果有什么的话”，作补充说明，类似于if any.
if so 表示“如果那样的话”，是对前面所述内容进行的肯定假设。
if ever 表示“如果曾经做过….即使曾经做过….”，是对做过事情的省略叙述。一般是现在完成时的省略。
if any 表示“如果有的话或即使有的话”，用来加强语气。
【例句呈现】
Living together didn't harm our friendship. If anything it strengthened it
在一起住并没有损害我们的友谊。要说真有什么的话，它反而巩固了我们的友谊。
I didn't do it very well, but, if anything, he did it worse than I did.
我干得不太好，但其实他干得比我还糟。
If anything, Sloan's uneasiness deepened
如果说有什么不一样的话，那就是斯隆变得越来越不安了。
If anything, the information is overwhelming.
如果与之前有区别的话，我们能掌握的信息是巨大的。
There won't be much difficulty, if any.
就算有困难，也不会太大。
The object of these experiments was to find the connection, if any, between the two phenomena.
这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。
It is too early to say what effect, if any, there will be on the workforce.
如果会对劳动力产生一些影响，现在就说是什么影响还言之过早。
Please let me know how many are coming, if any.
请告诉我，如果有人要来的话，有多少？
If so, you're not alone-I'm the same way.
如果这样，你也不是一个人在这么做，我也是这样的。
If so, he may not be the ideal match for you.
如果他是这样的人，那么他可能不是你的真命天子。
But if so, where did the river get rerouted
但是，如果真是这样，那河流被改道到哪里去了呢？
Do you have a knack for coming up with ideas If so, we would love to hear from you.
你有什么能想出好点子的诀窍吗？如果有，我们很愿意收到你的来信。
Rarely, if ever, does he sidestep a question
他极少逃避问题。
She seldom, if ever, goes to the opera.
她很少去看歌剧。
And that rarely, if ever, caused anything like the Scientific Revolution.
而这些事件的结果却很难，或根本不能，与科学革命同日而语
But I say the threat is now, and there are rarely, if ever, perfect circumstances in which to deploy military forces.
但是我想说，威胁就在眼前，但出动军事力量这种事几乎不存在什么完美的前提。
Many, if not most, scientific papers are presented orally at scientific meetings
许多科学论文，即便不是大多数，都是以口头形式在科学会议上发表的。
Are you pressed for time, Mr. Bayliss If not, I suggest we have lunch.
你时间紧吗，贝利斯先生？如果不紧，不如我们一起吃午饭吧。
【考点过关】
用if anything, if so, if any, if ever和if not填空
1. Mary is too only ready to help others, seldom, ______, refusing them when they turn to her.
2. What kind of advertisements do you read or watch in this kind of magazines, _______？
3. I might be away next week. _______, I won’t be able to see you.
4. Have you ever read this chapter ______, we encourage you to read this chapter carefully.
5. Are there any mistake in my article ______, Correct mistakes, please．
6. -- Have you ever been to the Great Wall
-- Perhaps not in my memory. ______, it might have been during my early childhood.
7. The weather forecast says there will be heavy rain tomorrow. ______, we’ll stay at home.
8. There are few, ______, mistakes in the book.
9. His children rarely, ______, see him at his place of work.
10. If it clears up this afternoon, we’ll go camping; ______ , we will have classes.
11. She seldom, ______ , goes to the cinema.
12. If the food tastes good, we’ll buy some; ______, not.
13. The island is seldom, ______, visited by ships.
14. ______, now would be a good time to expand its balance sheet.
15. _______, gender(性别) plays a very important role in the brain even though we are not clear exactly how.
16. _______, we want to show the code,
17. _______, swimming will appeal to her most strongly
【参考答案】
1. if ever; 2. if any; 3. If so; 4. If not; 5. if any; 6. If ever; 7. If so; 8. if any; 9. if ever; 10. if not; 11. if ever; 12. if not; 13. if ever; 14. If anything; 15. If anything; 16. If anything; 17. If anything
●attempt to do sth. ; manage to do sth.
【教材原句】
They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea. (教材P53)
【辨析】
两个词组都可表示“设法做”之意，均可接动词不定式作宾语。但表示的含义有区别。
attempt to do sth. “努力/试图/设法做某事”，但未必一定会能成功，只强调努力的过程，对其结果无限制, 所做之事不一定有困难, 相当于try/do one’s best to do sth.或try to do sth. 是比较正式的书面用语（try 用法更普遍，更口语化）。attempt也可以做名词，意思是“尝试，努力”。
manage to do sth. “设法做成某事”，强调所做事情的结果，相当于succeed in doing sth. 或be successful in doing sth.
【例句呈现】
I am attempting to finish my homework.
我正努力完成我的家庭作业。
I attempt not to convince myself that she doesn't love me anymore.
我尽量不让自己相信她不再爱我了。
He didn’t attempt to do it.
他不肯努力去干
please attempt to finish this work in thirty minutes.
请尽量在30分钟完成这项工作。
I managed to get in contact with the lady, who’s in charge of this project in the company.
我成功地同那家公司负责这个项目的女士取得了联系。
He managed to save her in time.
他设法及时挽救了她.
He attempted to open the box with a knife.
他试图用刀子打开箱子。
Time given to us defines how long we will stay with our families, how many good things we will manage to do, and how much interesting things we will see and learn.
时间决定了我们能与家人厮守多久，我们能完成多少美妙的事情，以及我们能看到听到多少有趣的事情。
It should be possible for most people to manage to do it.
大多数人应该都能做到。
【考点过关】
根据 attempt to do sth. ; manage to do sth.用法用其适当形式填空
1. He ______ to climb the tree, but he could not.
2. If you don't ______ to do everything, it doesn't matter. Move any incomplete tasks from today onto tomorrow's list.
3. I see what you mean, but if you _______to do it, you won’t regret.
4. Fantastic! Ho does Beijing Municipal Government ______ to do it
5. How did you _______to do it without help
6. How on earth did they _______ to do that
7. If you can ________ to do all three, you'll raise your intelligence by leaps and bounds.
8. How do you ________ to do such a thing
9. I feel the same way. But if we insist on speaking, we can _______ to do it.
10. Although you may fail, when you start to race for a new team, you ______to be successful as soon as possible.
【参考答案】
1. attempted; 2. manage; 3. attempt; 4. manage; 5. manage; 6. manage; 7. manage; 8. manage; 9. manage; 10. attempt
●no matter how…; however…
【教材原句】
If you try to find out the source of an idea, no matter how crazy it seems, you will increase your chance of learning something. (教材P53)
【辨析】
两者都有“无论怎样，不管怎样” 的意思，意思基本一致，但用法稍有区别。
no matter how… 只能引导让步状语从句，此时可以和whenever互换。
however…. 既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。
温馨提示：whatever/no matter what; wherever/no matter where; whichever/no matter which; whoever/no matter who; whenever/no matter when的用法与however/no matter how的用法基本相同。
【例句呈现】
However/no matter how you look at it, it's going to cost a lot.
不管你怎么看，它都要花很多钱。
She has the window open, however/no matter how cold it is outside.
不管外面多冷她都开着窗户。
However go there is a matter.
无论如何去那里都是个问题。
Whenever/no matter when you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
无论何时你搬到一个新的地方, 你都应该找到火警报警站和离你房间最近的两个出口。
Whenever they go abroad depends on the passports.
不管他们什么时候出国，都要取决于签证。
He hired himself out to whoever needed his services.
他以前从事临时服务业。
Come out of there, whoever/no matter how you are.
不管你是谁，从那里出来吧。
A media circus surrounded the royal couple wherever/no matter where they went.
无论王室夫妇走到何处，他们的身后都会跟着一大群媒体记者。
Wherever he goes is unimportant.
不管他去哪里都不重要。
Whatever/no matter what system you choose, it must be run in properly.
不管你选择什么样的体系，都必须经过适当的磨合。
The United States will do whatever it can to help Greece
美国将竭尽所能帮助希腊。
The situation is an awkward one, whichever/no matter which way you look at it.
无论从哪一方面看，这个局面都很尴尬。
Whichever/no matter which they choose, we must accept their decision.
无论他们如何选择，我们都必须接受他们的决定。
Just be sure to be aware of the safety regulations in whichever country you happen to be buying your eggs in.
你只需要留意你要买鸡蛋的那个国家的食品安全规定就行。
【考点过关】
用whenever/no matter when; whatever/no mater what; wherever/no matter where; whichever/no matter which; whoever/no matter who; however/no matter how填空
1. ________ you come here, please call me first.
2. I don't care _______ they will come from.
3. _______ he has put these books is unimportant.
4. ________ a problem arrives, do three things – face it, fight it and finish it.
5. _______ you start, it is important that you do not stop after starting.
6. _______ happens, I'll always be there for you.
7. _______ goes there, we’ll agree.
8. ______ they are, they will be helpful.
9. _______ you do, try your best.
10. We'll try our best to do _______ is right.
11. _______ is worth doing is worth doing well.
12. ________ wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I'm busy.
13. _______ does best will get the prize.
14. _______ they select, we will disagree.
【参考答案】
1. No matter when/Whenever; 2. wherever; 3. Wherever; 4. Whenever/No matter when; 5. No matter when/how/Whenever/However; 6. No matter what/Whatever; 7. Whoever/No matter who; 8. Wherever/No matter where; 9. Whatever/No matter what; 10. whatever; 11. Whatever; 12. Whoever/ No matter who; 13. Whoever; 14. No matter which/Whichever
●mean doing sth. ; mean to do sth.
【教材原句】
Getting to know the secrets of our memory means learning not only the facts about, but also the ways to improve it. (教材P62)
【辨析】
两者意思完全不同。
mean doing sth. 意思是“意味着…..；意思是….”。
mean to do sth. 意思是“打算做某事；有意做某事”，相当于intend to do sth、design to do sth.和plan to do sth.
【例句呈现】
Taking this job means taking a lot of risks.
接受这份工作意味着会遇到很多危险。　
Being a student means studying hard.
当学生意味着要努力学习。
Success means working hard.
成功意味着工作努力。
Missing this train means waiting for another hour.
错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。
Doing one thing well doesn't mean doing exactly one thing.
做好一件事并不意味着仅仅做一件事。
Wasting time means killing life.
浪费时间意味着浪费生命。
Don't be too hard on the boy; he didn't mean to do it.
对这个小男孩不要太严厉了，他不是故意这么做的。
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.
我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。
What do you mean to do with it
你打算把它怎样处理
He has always meant to get it repaired.
他一直是想请人修一修的。
I mean to stay here for a long time.
我打算在这儿呆很久。
Breaking the vase is purely accidental; she does not mean to do it.
打碎花瓶纯粹是偶然失手; 她无意弄坏它。
【考点过关】
根据mean doing sth., mean to do sth.的用法填空
1. Reading means _______ (take) in the information, digesting it and incorporating it into oneself.
2. Sometimes _______ (give) up a little can mean getting more.
3. Please forgive me. I didn't mean _______ (do) that.
4. Her son’s lying to her meant _______ (kill) her.
5. Breaking the dish was accidental; he didn't mean _______ (do) it.
6. To take it apart now would mean _______ (waste) a lot of labor.
7. Revolution means ________ (liberate) the productive forces.
8. What do you mean ________ (do)
9. He still didn't understand that I meant ________ (pay) money first.
10. Do you really mean _________ (do) it sooner
11. Doing that means _______ (waste) time.
12. I meant ________ (give) you this book today, but I forgot.
13. To raise wage means ________ (increase) purchasing power.
14. I meant _______ (come) to see you yesterday, but something happened to me.
15. Having a well-paid job does not mean _______ (give) up your interests.
16. His injury means _______ (miss) next week’s game.
【参考答案】
1. taking; 2. giving; 3. to do; 4. killing; 5. to do; 6. wasting; 7. liberating; 8. to do; 9. paying; 10. to do; 11. wasting; 12. to give; 13. increasing; 14. to come; 15. giving; 16. missing
●主语 + be/get used to doing sth.;主语 + used to do; 主语 + be used to do sth.
【教材原句】
Everyone shared the food, which was nice, but I’m used to ordering my own meal. (教材P65)
【辨析】
主语 + be/get used to sth./doing sth. 表示“习惯于做某事”，to是介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词，be是系动词,可以用于过去、现在、将来的多种时态, 还可以用get, become等词来代替。
主语 + used to do sth. 表示“过去常常”，说明过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，但现在已经不那样做或已经不存在了。其中的to是不定式符号,后面要接动词原形。它只有过去式一种形式,可以用于所有人称。
主语 + be used to do sth. =主语 + be used for doing sth. 表示“被用来做某事”，是use sth. to do sth. 和use sth. for doing sth.的被动结构。
温馨提示：
①used to do sth. 的疑问式为Did … use to … 或Used … to … 构成；否定式为didn’t use to do sth. 或 usedn’t to do sth.
② there used to be… 表示“过去有….”
【例句呈现】
This powerful drug is used to tranquilize patients undergoing surgery.
这种强效药剂被用来麻醉手术病人。
The test is used to diagnose a variety of diseases.
此项化验可用于诊断多种疾病。
They used to buy ten kilos of beef in one lump.
他们过去常买10公斤重的整块牛肉。
The old-timers used to recall how hot 1886 was.
老人们常常回想起1886年的酷热。
I used to watch TV, but now I don’t like it.
我过去常常看电视,但现在不喜欢了。
He didn’t use / used not to go home by bus.
他过去不常坐公共汽车回家。
-- Did you use to be a teacher / Used you to be a teacher 你过去是老师吗
-- Yes, I did. 是的。
There used to be an old temple behind my house, didn’t there
过去我家房子后面有一个古寺，是吗？
He is used to air travel.
他习惯坐飞机旅行。
She is not used to eating Chinese food.
她不习惯吃中餐。
You’ll soon be/get/become used to our way of living.
你不久就会习惯我们的生活方式的。
Wood is often used to make desks and chairs.
木材常常被用来制作桌椅。
Coal can be used to keep warm.
煤可以用来取暖。
I am used to getting up early.
我习惯早起。
【考点过关】
根据“主语 + used to do; 主语 + be/get used to doing sth.; 主语 + be used to do sth. ”用法填空
1. My cousin is used to ________ (study) with his new friends in Australia.
2. I never used to ___________ (eat) cakes, but I eat a lot now.
3. My mother is used to ________ (get) up early to cook breakfast for us.
4. I used to ___________ (go) swimming on Saturdays.
5. Jim has lived in Australia for two years. He is used to _________ (drive) on the left.
6. Didn’t she use to ____________ (live) in Germany
7. You’ll soon get used to ___________ (live) in the country.
8. I’m not used to _____________ (treat) like this.
9. My parents used to ________ (get) up at 7, but now they get up at 6 and cook breakfast for me.
10. Knives are used for _________ (cut) things.
【参考答案】
1. studying; 2. eat; 3. getting; 4. go; 5. driving; 6. live; 7. living; 8. being treated; 9. get; 10. cutting
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