专题九情态动词-2023年初中英语中考复习专项突破（含解析）

专题九 情态动词
一对一“梳理”知识点
高效复习法
中考对于情态动词的考查主要是其基本用法和表推测的用法.对于考查基本用法的试题,考生应首先看有无涉及各情态动词的常用句型,如“May I... ”“Can/Could you... ”.如果没有,先分析各选项的含义,然后根据语境确定正确答案;如果有,则根据问句中的常用句型选择相应的答语或正确的情态动词.
对于考查情态动词表推测的试题,考生可从以下两方面着手:①表示否定的推测:根据语境,对空格处若判断是否定,此时用can't;如果语气不是很肯定,常用may not或might not表否定推测,意为“可能不,也许不”.②表示肯定的推测:如果语境有非常明显的表示肯定的提示词,则直接选must;如果是表示不能十分肯定或拿不准,此类题一般也会有相关的语境提示,如:I'm not sure, who knows,此时用may或might.
知识突破
知识点1情态动词
一、定义:情态动词表示说话人的语气和观点,有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须与动词原形一起构成谓语,没有人称和数的变化.
二、用法
1.情态动词的基本用法
情态动词 含义及用法 示例
can 表示能力,意为“能,会” I can play the violin.我会拉小提琴.
表示允许,意为“可以” You can play basketball on weekends.你可以周末去打篮球.
表示请求 Can I borrow your bike 我能借一下你的自行车吗
can't 表示否定,意为“不会,不能” I can't go shopping with you.我不能和你去购物了.
could can的过去式,意为“能,会”,表示过去的能力 She could speak English when she was a child. 她小时候就会说英语.
在疑问句中表示委婉的请求,答语用can,不用could -Could I use. your book 我可以用你的书吗 -Yes, you can.是的,你可以.
couldn't 意为“不会,不能” I couldn't drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我不会开车.
may 表示请求、许可,意为“可以” May I go now 现在我可以走了吗
用于祈使句,表示祝福和祝愿,用法和wish相似 May your dream come true. 愿你的梦想成真.
might may的过去式 He said he might come tomorrow.他说他明天可能会来.
表示请求、许可,语气比may 更委婉 Might I borrow your book 我可以借你的书吗
mus 表示主观看法,意为“必须, 一定” You must finish the project by Friday. 周五之前你必须完成这个项目.
mustn't must的否定形式,意为“一定 不要,禁止” You mustn't play on the road. 你一定不要在马路上玩.
have to 意为“不得不,必须”,多表示客观需要,有人称、时态和数的变化 I have to go now. My mother is waiting for me. 我现在得走了,我妈妈在等我.
don't have to 意为“不需要”,回答用must 提问的问句 -Must I clean the room now 我必须现在打扫房间吗 -No, you don't have to.不,你不必.
should/ought to 意为“应该”,表示要求或命令,也可以表示劝告或建议 We should protect the environment. 我们应该保护环境.
表示征询某人意见,常用于疑问句中 Should I trust him 我应该相信他吗
shouldn't 意为“不应该” You shouldn't be so careless.你不应该这样粗心大意.
need 作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,意为“需要” You needn't come if you are busy. 如果忙,你就不必来了.
needn't need的否定式,意为“不需要, 没必要”,常用于must提问的 否定回答 -Must I go with them 我必须跟他们走吗 -No, you needn't.不,你不必.
will 表示询问,请求,用于疑问句中,常用于第二人称 Will you join us for a drink 和我们一起喝一杯好吗
won't will的否定形式 His parents won't let him come.他父母不会让他来的.
would 表示自愿做或主动提出做某 事,如意志,愿望或决心等 She said she would try her best to help me. 她说她愿意尽自己最大努力来帮助我.
shall 表示请求或征求对方的意见,多 用于第一人称的疑问句中 Shall I send you the book 我把书给你寄过去好吗
had better 意为“最好”,简略形式为＇d belter,多用于第二人称,否定形式为 had better not You'd better stay at home now. 你现在最好待在家里.
2.情态动词表推测的用法
情态动词 含义及用法 示例
can't 表示否定推测,意为“一定不,不可能”(可能性几乎为零),语气强烈 Li Ming can't be in the classroom. I just saw him in the library.李明不可能在教室,我刚刚在图书馆看见他了.
can/could can和could表示现在或将来的推测,意为“可能;会”.can往往用于否定和疑问句.用于疑问句时,can比could表示的“可能性”更大;could可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句 The French book could be Alice's. She studies French. 这本法语书有可能是艾丽斯的,她学法语.
Must 表示非常有把握的肯定推测,意为“一定,肯定”(100%的可能性) The book must be Jenny's. Her name is on it. 这本书一定是珍妮的,这上面有她的名字.
may 表示可能性,意为“有可能,也许”,用于肯定句,表示把握不大的推测 The girl may be lost. 这个女孩有可能迷路了.
may not 表示否定推测,意为“可能不”,语气不确定 That may not be true. 那可能不是真的.
might 表推测,意为“有可能,也许”可能性低于may.语气缓和,较委婉 ,John might come this evening, but I'm not sure. 约翰今天晚上也许会来,但是我不确定.
知识点2情态动词的疑问用法和答语
1.由may或might引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may/can;否定回答用can't/mustn't.例如:
-May/Might I sit here 我可以坐在这儿吗
-Yes, you may(can)./No, you can't(mustn't).是的,你可以.／不,你不能.
2.由must引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用must/have to;否定回答常用 needn't/don't have to.例如:
-Must I hand in my homework this afternoon 我今天下午必须交作业吗
-Yes, you must (have to)./No, you needn't (don't have to).是的,你必须.／不,你不必.
3.回答以need引出的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must/have to,否定回答用needn't/don't have to.例如:
-Need I do the work at once 我需要立刻做这项工作吗
-Yes, you must (have to). /No, you needn't (don't have to).是的,你必须.／不,你不必.
4.回答以could引出的一般疑问句时,回答用can,不用could.例如:
-Could I use your mobile phone 我可以用你的手机吗
-Yes, you can./No, you can't.是的,可以.／不,不可以.
核心考点，各个击破
考点1情态动词辨析
例1(2022·江苏徐州,11题,1分)
-Can we play games here
-Better not. If you________ ,please go to the open space there.
A. must B. can C. may D. will
【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:-我们可以在这里玩游戏吗 -最好不要.如果必须的话,请去那里的空地. must必须,肯定;can能够;;may可能,也许;will将要.根据“Better not.”可推测,此处是指如果一定要玩,请到那边的空地去.must“必须”符合语境.答案:A
针对性练习1
1.I________ follow you. Would you please repeat it
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
2.-May I take this magazine out of the reading room
-No, you________. You must read it here.
A. mightn't B. won't C. needn't D. mustn't
3.- ________ you come with me to Lang Lang's piano concert this evening
-I'd love to, but I have to study for my math test.
A. Should B. May C. Must D. Can
考点2情态动词表推测
例2(2021·湖南怀化,24题,1分)
-Is the man Mr. Yang
-It________ be him. He has gone to Changsha for a meeting.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't
【解析】本题考查情态动词表推测.句意:-那个男人是杨先生吗 -不可能是他,他去长沙开会了.needn't不必; mustn't禁止;can't不可能.通过“他去长沙开会了”可知,那个男人不可能是杨先生,用can't表示否定的推测.答案:C
针对性练习2
1.-Who's singing in the garden
-It________ be Mr. Brown. He always practices singing at this time.
A. must B. can't C. need
2.-Look,someone left a book.
-Oh, yeah...This book________ be Kitty's, but I'm not sure.
A. can B. must C. need D. might
3. -I saw Kevin in the supermarket this morning.
-No, it________ him. He moved to Canada last week.
A. can be B. must be C. can't be D. mustn't be
答案:
针对性练习1:1.A 2.D 3.D
针对性练习2:1.A 2.D 3.C
从模拟演练和实战操作
模拟演练
1.(2021·海南二模)Passengers________ take a knife with them when they get on the plane.
A. wouldn't B. mustn't C. may not
2.(2021·四川成都模拟)-Mom, may I go to see a film with my friends
-You________ go if you have finished your schoolwork.
A. must B. need C. can
3.(2021·天津东丽区一模)-Mr. Yang, must I hand in my writing this afternoon
-No, you________. You can hand it in tomorrow morning.
A. shouldn't B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't
4.(2021·福建福州模拟)-What does it say on the sign
-It says that we________ speak loudly in the museum.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. may not
5.(2021·北京大兴区一模)-Must I return the book today
-No, you________. You can keep it for two more days.
A. can't B. shouldn't C. couldn't D. needn't
6.(2021·吉林延边一模)-Look! Mr. Wang is standing under the tree.
-It________ be Mr. Wang. He has gone to Shanghai.
A. mustn't B. must C. can't
7.(2021·河北滦州一模)There's only one day left. You________ finish your homework by tomorrow.
A. can B. will C. must D. may
8.(2021·江苏盐城二模)I think all the students love the weekends because, to them, they________ get up early on Saturdays or Sundays.
A. mustn't B. don't need C. needn't D. can't
9.(2021·湖北武汉模拟)Every day________ not be good, but there is something good in every day.
A. may B. should C. need D. can
10.(2021·辽宁丹东模拟)-Could I smoke here
-Sorry. I am afraid you________. Look at the sign “No smoking”！
A. couldn't B. needn't C. can't D. won't
11.(2021·山东临沂模拟A卷)-Must I go out to have dinner with you, Mom
-No, you________, my dear. You're free to make your own decision.
A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. needn't
12.(2021·黑龙江哈尔滨二模)-Who is the man over there Is it Mr. Li
-No, it________ be him. Mr. Li is much taller.
A. mustn't B. may not C. can't
13.(2021·上海宝山区二模)According to the traffic rules, drivers________ let the passers-by cross the road first.
A. need B. may C. must D. could
14.(2021·天津河北区一模)I haven't seen Bruce recently. He________ be busy with his work.
A. can B. need C. must D. should
15.(2021·安徽模拟)I feel much better now, so you________ call the doctor.
A. couldn't B. wouldn't C. can't D. needn't
16.(2021·内蒙古包头三模)-Give up, OK I'm losing much hair these days.
-Don't lose heart. Make a cup of coffee. There________ be a good reason for our hard time.
A. must B. mustn't C. can D. can't
17.(2021·河北石家庄模拟)If we don't protect nature, some wildlife________ die out in the future.
A. may B. need C. can't D. shouldn't
18.(2021·江苏盐城一模)-The high school entrance examination is coming.
-Yes, our teacher tells us we________ be too careful while taking exams.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't
19.(2021·江苏苏州二模)-Suzy described every detail of the accident just now.
-Her memory________ be completely back.
A. shall B. need C. must D. could
20.(2020·吉林长春一模)-Mom, I've signed for the box. What's in it
-I'm not sure. It________ be a present from your uncle.
A. can't B. must C. may D. need
答案:
1.B
2.C【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:－妈妈,我可以和我的朋友去看电影吗 －如果你完成了作业,你就可以去.must必须;need需要;can可以.根据“Mom, may I go to see a film with my friends ”可知是请求允许,结合“if you have finished your schoolwork”可知,做完作业就“可以”去,用can表示允许.
3.D【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:－杨老师,我今天下午必须交作文吗 －不,你不必.你可以明天上午交.shouldn't不应该;can't不能;mustn't禁止;needn't不必.must引导的一般疑问句,否定回答用needn't或don't have to.
4.B
5.D【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:－今天我必须归还这本书吗 －不,不需要.你可以再多借两天.can't不能;shouldn't不应该;couldn't不能;needn't不需要.在回答must引导的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must或 have to,否定回答用needn't或 don't have to.根据答句“No”可知,是否定回答.
6.C【解析】本题考查情态动词表推测的用法.句意:－看！王先生正在树底下站着.－－不可能是王先生,他去上海了.mustn't禁止;must必须,一定;can't不可能.根据后句“He has gone to Shanghai.”可推知,在树底下站着的不可能是王先生,表示否定的推测,用can't.
7.C【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:只剩下一天了,你明天必须完成你的功课.can能;will将会;must 必须;may可以.根据“There's only one day left.”可知,所剩时间不多了,到明天是截止时间,没有商量余地,只能是“必须”.
8.C【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:我认为所有的学生都喜欢周末,因为对他们来说,周六或周日不必早起.mustn't禁止;don't need不需要; needn't不必;can't不能.根据常识可知周六或周日学生们不必早起.根据“gel”
可知,此处是needn't do sth..
9.A
10.C【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:－我可以在这里吸烟吗 －不好意思,恐怕不行,看那有“禁止吸烟”的标志！由后面的““No smoking”可知不可以吸烟,应在A和C里面选,can较could更加表现说话人肯定的语气.
11.C 12.C
13.C【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:根据交通规则,司机必须让行人先过马路.need需要;may可能;must必须;could能够.根据“According to the traffic rules”可知这是规则,应是“必须”礼让行人.
14.C【解析】本题考查情态动词表推测的用法.句意:我最近没见过布鲁斯,他一定忙着工作.can可以;need需要;must一定;should应该.根据上文“I haven't seen Bruce recently.”可知,最近都没见到布鲁斯,他肯定忙于工作了,此处表把握比较大的推测,故应用情态动词must.
15.D 16.A 17.A
18.B【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:－中考就要到了.－是的,我们的老师告诉我们考试时越认真越好.mustn't禁止;can't不可能;needn't不必;shouldn't不应该.can't be+too+形容词,表示“越······越好”.
19.C 20.C
真题演练
1.(2021·湖北恩施)-Whose T-shirt is this, Michael
-It________ not be mine. Mine is white.
A. need B. can C. must
2.(2021·山东菏泽)-I wonder if these are Jim's glasses.
-They________ be his. He doesn't wear glasses.
A. could B. must C. can't
3.(2021·江苏连云港)What an amazing robot! It________ cook more than 5,000 dishes.
A. shall B .need C. must D. can
4.(2021·湖南株洲)We________ carry forward the spirit of serving the people whole-heartedly.
A. might B. should C. could
5.(2021·四川自贡)- ________ I take a seat here
-No, you can't. They're only for the old and children.
A. May B. Must C. Will
6.(2021·青海)-Lucy, you still look pale, how about your stomachache
-I've taken some medicine, but it doesn't work. I________ go to see a doctor.
A. must B. should C. can
7.(2021·江苏淮安)-Kevin, it's Friday. You________ get up early tomorrow morning.
-Great! I'm so tired these days.
A. must B. mustn't C. may D. needn't
8.(2021·甘肃武威)We________ try our best to fight against pollution.
A. should B. may C. mustn't D. needn't
9.(2021·湖南邵阳)-May I watch TV now, Mom
-No. You________ finish your online class first.
A. must B. may C. can
10.(2021·青海西宁)Children________ be told not to swim in the river.
A. can B .must C. may D. might
11.(2021·湖北黄石)-I wonder if this glass is Tom's.
-It________ be his. His was broken just now.
A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. shouldn't
12.(2021·江苏苏州)According to the new traffic rules, people________ wear a helmet when riding an e-bike.
A. might B. may C. can D. must
13.(2021·贵州铜仁)-Must I wash my clothes at once, Mom
-No, you________. You________ wash them before 5:00 p.m.
A. needn't; may B. mustn't; may C. needn't; need D. mustn't; must
14.(2021·辽宁大连)-May I park my car here
-No, you________. Can't you see the sign
A. mustn't B. wouldn't C. needn't D. couldn't
15.(2021·湖南郴州)-Whose skirt is this
-It________ be Carol's. She is the only girl in the team.
A. might B. need C. must
16.(2021·黑龙江大庆)-Is that man your friend Tom
-That man________ be him, because he has gone to Canada.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. had better not
17.(2020·山东青岛)-Allen, shall we go to the bookstore this afternoon
-I'm sorry, David, but I________ meet my cousin at the train station.
A. have to B. can C. may D. could
18.(2020·北京)- ________ you give me a hand I can't move the box by myself.
-No problem.
A. Could B. Should C. Must D. Need
答案:
1.B【解析】本题考查情态动词表推测的用法.由答语第二句话“我的是白色的”可知,“它不可能是我的”.在表示推测时can't意为“不可能”;而must意为“一定”.由空后的not可知空处使用can.
2.C【解析】本题考查情态动词表推测的用法.上句句意为:我想知道这是否是吉姆的眼镜.由答语后半句“他不戴眼镜”,可推断答语前部分意为:眼镜不可能是他的.can't表否定推测,表示“不可能”.
3.D【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:多么令人惊讶的机器人！它能够烹饪5000多种菜肴.shall将要;need需要;must必须,一定;can能.表示能力,应选
4.B【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:我们应该发扬全心全意为人民服务的精神.might可能;should应该,表达义务、职责;could可以.根据句意可知,应选should.
5.A【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.根据答语“不,你不能.它们只是为老人和孩子们准备的”可知,本句询问“我可以坐在这儿吗 ”,may意为“可以”,符合语境.
6.A【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:－露西,你脸色还是很苍白,你的胃痛怎么样了 －我吃了些药,但不起作用.我必须去看医生.must必须;should应当;can可以.根据语境可判断,应选must.
7.D【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:－凯文,今天是星期五.明天早上你不必早起.－太好了！这些天我太累了.must必须;mustn't禁止;may也许;needn't不需要.根据“it's Friday. You...get up early tomorrow morning.”可知,此处表示不需要早起.
8.A【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:我们应该尽力与污染作斗争.should应该;may也许,可能mustn't必须,严禁;needn't不需要.结合句意可知,应选should.
9.A【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:－妈妈,我现在可以看电视吗 －不可以,你必须先完成网络课程.结合句意可知,应选must.
10.B【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:必须告诉孩子们不要在河里游泳.can能够;must必须;may可以;might也许,可以.根据语境可知,表示必须,用must.
11.C【解析】本题考查情态动词表推测的用法.句意:－我想知道这个玻璃杯是否是汤姆的.这不可能是他的,他的杯子刚打破了.由答语后一句“他的杯子刚打破了”可知,“那个玻璃杯不可能是汤姆的”.mustn't意为“一定不要”,表命令;may not意为“或许不”,表把握不大的否定推测;can't意为“不可能”,表语气非常有把握的否定推测;shouldn't意为“不应该”,表建议.
12.D【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:根据新的交通规则,人们骑电动车时必须戴头盔.might可能;may可能,可以;can能够;must必须,一定.must“必须”符合题意.
13.A【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.must的一般问句形式,否定回答用 needn't,意为“不必”;第二空意为“你可以在下午5点之前完成”,用may“可以”.
14.A【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:我可以把车停这里吗 －不行,你不准停这里.难道你看不到这个标志“禁止停车”吗 mustn't禁止;wouldn't不愿意;needn't不必;couldn't不可以,不能.
15.C【解析】本题考查情态动词表推测的用法.句意:－这是谁的裙子 －一定是卡萝尔的,她是这个队伍中唯一的女孩.由“She is the only girl in the team.”可推断出,这条裙子一定是卡萝尔的,must一定.
16.A【解析】本题考查情态动词表推测的用法.句意:－那个男人是你的朋友汤姆吗 －那个男人不可能是他,因为他去加拿大了.can't be表示否定的猜测,意为“不可能是”.
17.A
18.A【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析.句意:－你能帮我一下吗 我自己搬不动这个箱子.－没问题.could能;should应该;must必须;need需要.根据“I can't move the box by myself.”可知,我自己搬不动这个箱子,因此请求别人帮助.“Could you do sth. ”表示委婉的请求.