专题十二并列句和复合句-2023年初中英语中考复习专项突破（含解析）

专题十二 并列句和复合句
一对一“梳理”知识点
高效复习法
并列连词and, but, or, so是中考的高频考点,这些词所表示的逻辑关系要理解吃透.并列连词连接的是两个或两个以上的并列成分,如两个词、两个短语或两个分句.做题时要仔细审题,弄清题意,抓住关键词来推敲并理顺前后的逻辑关系.
复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成,主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起.从句按其在复合句中的作用分为宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句.
宾语从句是中考单项选择的常考点,侧重于引导词、时态、句意和语序的混合考查,考生在做宾语从句类试题时,首先应从语序着手,宾语从句的语序为陈述语序,即:主语＋谓语＋宾语＋其他,若选项不是陈述语序,则可以直接排除.其次,从时态方面考虑,一般情况下,宾语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致,但是,如果有明显的时间状语,则要根据时间状语来判断时态.最后,根据语境来判断疑问词,询问内容用what;询问时间用when/what time;询问地点用where;询问原因用why;询问方式用how等.
定语从句主要考查的是关系词.考生在解答定语从句类试题时,可按以下步骤解题:
(1)首先根据语境分析句子结构,找出先行词.
(2)然后判断先行词是指人还是指物,缩小关系词的选择范围.
(3)最后把先行词还原到定语从句中,明确先行词在定语从句中所作的成分,如果从句缺少主干成分,用关系代词;如果从句不缺主干成分,用关系副词.
(4)特殊情况.牢记只能用that的几种特殊情况,结合题目做出判断.
对状语从句的考查主要集中在从属连词的词义辨析上.解答此类题时一定坚持“句意为先”的原则.准确地翻译句意,就能准确判断出主、从句的关系和从句的类型,选择连词也就容易多了.主句和从句的时态搭配对状语从句引导词的判定也有帮助.如:含条件状语从句的主从复合句,主、从句的时态遵循三大原则“主将从现”“主情从现”和“主祈从现”.
知识突破
知识点1并列句
一、定义:由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的简单句组成的句子叫做并列句.
二、并列句有四种关系:并列关系,选择关系,转折关系和因果关系
分类 连词及含义 示例
并列关系 and和;both...and...······和······都;as well as 也;not only...but also...不但······而且······;neither...nor...既不······也不······ Work hard, and you'll make great progress. 努力工作,你就会取得很大进步.
选择关系 either...or...要么······要么······;or否则 Hurry up, or we'll be late.快点,否则我们会迟到的.
转折关系 but但是;yet然而;while而 I like apples while my little sister likes bananas. 我喜欢苹果,而我妹妹喜欢香蕉.
因果关系 so因此,所以;for因为 The weather is too hot, so I stay at home. 天气太热了,所以我待在家里.
知识点2宾语从句
一、定义:在句子中担任宾语的从句,就是宾语从句.
二、用法
1.宾语从句三大考点
要素 用法 示例
连接词 that本身无词义,在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用,在口语中that可省略 He said (that) he would go to the seaside. 他说他要去海边.
if或whether意为“是否”,不作句子成分,不可省略,句尾有or not时用whether He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Zhejiang.他还没决定是否去浙江旅行.
连接代词(what/who/whose/whom/which等)在从句中作一定成分,如主语、宾语、定语等 Do you know who he is 你知道他是谁吗
连接副词(where/when/why/how等)在从句中作状语 She asked me where I bought the book. 她问我在哪里买的这本书.
时态 需要性原则:主句为一般现在时、一般将来时,现在完成时,则宾语从句根据实际情况使用所需要的时态 I don't know when he will come back. 我不知道他将何时回来.
呼应性原则:主句为一般过去时,则宾语从句一般与主句的时态保持一致,根据需要选择相应的过去时态 The children didn't know who he was. 孩子们不知道他是谁.
特殊性原则:如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理和普遍事实,则不管主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球围绕着太
语序 从句用陈述语序,即主语＋谓语＋其他 Do you know where I can get some postearda 你知道我能从哪里得到一些明信片吗
2.疑问词＋动词不定式
(1)动词不定式与疑问词连用可用作主语、宾语或表语.例如:
When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet.什么时候去北京还没定下来.(作主语)
I asked him when to leave Beijing.我问他什么时候离开北京.(作宾语)
My question is how to get there.我的问题是如何到达那里.(作表语)
(2)“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句.例如:
Can you tell me where to buy a map of China = Can you tell me where I can buy a map of China
你能告诉我在哪里能买到中国地图吗
3.否定前移
当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到前面的主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定形式.例如:
I don't think he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起来.
I don't believe she will take part in the English evening.我认为她不会参加英语晚会.
知识点3状语从句
一、定义:在句中作状语成分的从句就是状语从句,它在句中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子.
二、用法
1.常见的状语从句
(1)时间状语从句.
引导词 含义及用法 示例
before “在······之前”,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前 She always washes hands before she has meals. 她总是在饭前洗手.
after “在······之后”,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后 He became a doctor after he graduated. 他毕业后成为了一名医生.
while “正当······时;与此同时”,表示主从句的谓语动作同时进行,引导 的从句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词,且常用进行时 My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. 在我做作业时,我妈妈正在做饭.
when “当·····时候”,表示主从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从 句的动作之后 Li Ming was reading when I came in. 当我进来的时候,李明正在读书. When the lights went out, I lit some candles. 灯灭后,我点燃了一些蜡烛.
as “当······时;一边······一边······”,表示主从句的动作同时发生或进行 She listened to the radio as she washed the clothes. 她一边洗衣服一边听收音机.
until/till 主句是肯定式,意为“直到······”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词 Let's wait until the rain stops.让 我们一直等到雨停的时候吧.
主句是否定式,常用not...until...,意为“直到······才······”,谓语动词一般用非延续性动词 He didn't go to bed until his mother came back. 直到他妈妈回来,他才去睡觉.
since “自······以来”,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时 I have worked in this company since I graduated. 自从我毕业,我一直在这家公司工作.
as soon as “一······就·····”,引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即发生.主句用一般将来时,从句常用一般现在时表将来 I'll tell him as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就告诉他.
(2)条件状语从句.
引导词 含义及用法 示例
if “如果”,主句如果为一般将来时,if引导的从句通常用一般现在时表将来 If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go to the park. 如果明天不下雨,我们就去公园.
unless “如果不,除非”,unless可转化为if...not...结构.主从句时态与if用法一致 Unless it rains, the game will be played. 除非下雨,否则比赛照常进行.
as long as “只要”,主从句时态与if用法一致 As long as you work hard, you will make great progress.只要你努力,你就会取得很大的进步.
in case “如果,万一”,主从句时态与if用法一致 In case we fail, we won't lose heart. 万一我们失败了,我们决不会失去信心.
once “一旦,只要”,主从句时态与if用法一致 Once he makes up his mind, he will never give it up. 他一旦下定决心,就决不会放弃.
(3)目的状语从句.
引导词 含义及用法 示例
so that 两个引导词都有“以便,为了”之意,引导的从句谓语中常含有may, can, could, would等情态动词,多数情况可互换,但位于句首和逗号之后时,用in order that.当主从句主语一致时,in order that引导的从句可与in order to短语转换 You'd better speak louder so that/in order that we can hear you.你最好说话大声一些,以便我们都能听到. He gets up early in order that he can catch the first bus. = He gets up early in order to catch the first bus.他起得很早,以便能赶上第一班公共汽车.
in order that
(4)让步状语从句.
引导词 含义及用法 示例
though/although “虽然,尽管”,可与yet连用,不能与but连用,一般情况可以互换,但作正式用法时,常用although They are generous though they are poor. 虽然他们很穷,但他们很慷慨. Although it was late, they were still working. 虽然很晚了,但他们仍在工作.
even though/even if “尽管,即使”,不能与but 连用 We'll make a trip even if/even though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行.
whatever/whenever/ however/wherever “无论什么／无论何时／无论 怎样／无论在哪里”,引导的 从句可换成no matter+相应的疑问词(no matter what/when/ how/where) Wherever you go, I will go with you. = No matter where you go, I will go with you. 无论你去哪里,我都会和你一起去.
(5)原因状语从句.
引导词 含义及用法 示例
because “因为”,表示造成某种情况的直接原因,语气最强,回答why引导的问句,不能和so同时使用 I didn't go to your party because my mother was ill.因为我妈妈生病了,所以我没有去参加你的聚会.
since “既然”,语气比because弱,表示对方已知或众所周知的原因,通常放在句首 Since everyone is here, let's begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了,我们就开始开会吧.
as “由于,因为”,语气比since弱,表示在说话人看来已经很明显或众所周知的原因,引导的从句位于主句前后均可 I left a note as you were out. 你不在,所以我留了一张便条.
(6)结果状语从句.
引导词 含义及用法 示例
相同点 不同点
so...that... 都意为“如此······以至于····..”She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.= She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.她是这么一个可爱的女孩,以至于我们都喜欢她. so修饰的中心词是形容词或副词,结构为“so+形容词／副词＋that从句”,可以与“too…to...”结构互换;当名词前有many, much, few, little 修饰时,用so,不用such,结构为“so many/few+可数名词复数＋that从句;so much/little+不可数名词＋that从句” He was so tired that he couldn't go any farther.= He was too tired to go any farther.他太累了,不能再走了. We have so much time that we can finish the work on time.我们有如此多的时间,能让我们按时完成工作.
such...that... such修饰的中心词是名词,结构为“such+a/an+形容词＋单数名词＋that从句”或such+形容词＋不可数名词复数＋that从句” They are such interesting books that we all enjoy reading them.这些书很不可数名词／可数名有趣,我们都喜欢看.
2.状语从句的时态
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句一般有以下两种时态:
(1)“主将从现”:主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时.例如:
I will go swimming as soon as I finish my homework.我一完成作业就去游泳.
(2)“主祈／情从现”:若主句是祈使句,或主句中有情态动词时,从句用一般现在时表示将来.如①Please let me know if he comes back.如果他回来了,请告知我.②If you feel hungry, you should eat something.如果你饿了,你该吃点东西.
知识点4定语从句
一、定义:在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句;被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫做关系词.
二、用法
1.关系代词和关系副词的用法
关系词 用法 示例
关系 代词 which 指物,在从句中充当主语或宾语.作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可以省略 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.
that 可指物,也可指人,在从句中充当主语或宾语.在从句中作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可以省略 A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一个能飞的机器.(作主语,不可省略) The homework (that) I finished last night was left at home.我昨晚写完的作业落在家里了.(作宾语,可省略)
who 指人,在从句中充当主语或宾语.作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可以省略 The boy who is standing over there is Tom. 站在那边的男孩是汤姆.
whom 指人,在从句中充当宾语,可以省略,有时也可以用who替代 This is our English teacher whom everybody likes. 这是我们大家都喜欢的英语老师.
whose 可指物,也可指人,在从句中充当定语 This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.这是我的同桌,他的父亲在一家工厂工作.
关系 副词 when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语 We will never forget the days when we stayed with Mr. Smith.我们永远不会忘记和史密斯先生在一起的日子.
where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语 This is the classroom where we study.这是我们学习的教室.
why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语 This is the reason why I didn't attend the meeting yesterday.这就是我昨天没有参加会议的原因.
2.关系代词中只能用that的情况
(1)当先行词是all, none, little, much, some, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词或被其修饰时.例如:
Please get everything ready that we need.请准备好我们需要的一切.
(2)当先行词前面有 the only, the very, the last, the same等修饰时.例如:
He is the only person that I want to see.他是我唯一想见的人.
(3)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时.例如:
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的书.
(4)当先行词既有人又有物时.例如:
They talked about the people and things that they remembered in school.
他们谈论着他们在学校记得的人和事.
(5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复应用that.例如:
Who is the person that is standing at the gate 那个站在门口的人是谁
3.关系代词中不能用that的情况
(1)介词之后不能用that.例如:
This is the factory in which we once worked.这就是我们曾经工作过的工厂.
(2)非限制性定语从句中.例如:
This is my favorite pen, which I bought yesterday.这是我最喜欢的钢笔,我昨天买的.
(3)当先行词本身为that/those时.例如:
You must find out those which may be ignored by us.你必须找到那些可能被我们忽视的东西.
核心考点,各个击破
考点1并列句
例1(2022·河北,33题,1分) I saw a good film,________ I can't remember its name.
A. so B. or C. for D. but
【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:我看了一部好电影,但我记不起它的名字了.根据前后句句意可知,空前后之间为转折关系,使用连词but.答案:D
针对性练习1
1.Study hard, ________ you will pass the exam.
A. so B. or C. but D. and
2.-Would you like to go to the concert with me
-I'd love to, ________ I'm afraid I have no time.
A. so B. or C. and D. but
3.At school, we are taught________ knowledge________ how to behave well.
A. neither; nor B. either; or C. not only; but also D. not; but
考点2宾语从句
例2(2021·湖北黄冈,33题,1分)
-I think it's difficult to write the book report in two days. I really don't know________.
-Plan your time properly, and you can make it.
A. why I have to do it B. when will I finish it C. how I can do it D. if can I finish it
【解析】本题考查宾语从句.句意:我认为在两天内写完读书报告是困难的,我真的不知道我该怎么做.－合理安排你的时间,你就能做到.宾语从句要用陈述句语序,先排除B和D.再由“I think it's difficult to write the book report in two days.”可知,题意是指不知道该怎么做.答案:C
针对性练习2
1. -Jack, could you tell me________ for traveling this summer
-We plan to go and see the beautiful sea in Hainan.
A. where your family will go B. how will your family go
C. how your family will go D. where will your family go
2.-Could you please tell me________
-Of course. Many people in Shiyan know it.
A. where is Mount Wudang B. how can I get to Wulong River
C. what is Shennongjia famous for D. if there will be a new airport in Shiyan
3. I have some tickets for the basketball match. I wonder________.
A. where you buy the tickets B. why you like to go there
C. if you'd like to come along D. when you watch the match
考点3状语从句
例3(2021·黑龙江龙东,14题,1分)The doctors were________ busy________ they had no time to rest.
A. such; that B. so; that C. too; to
【解析】本题考查状语从句.句意:医生们太忙了,他们没时间休息.句式:such+名词或形容词修饰的名词＋that
意为“如此······以至于······”,可排除; so+形容词或副词＋that意为“如此······以至于······”; too+形容词／副词＋to+动词原形,意为 “太······不能······”,句中已经有no,不可再用“too...to”的句型,故排除.答案:B
针对性练习3
1. ________ jeans were invented over 100 years ago, they're still in fashion today.
A. Because B. If C. Although D. Since
2. Tom will call me as soon as he________ home.
A. gets B. has got C. got D. will get
3.We won't start the meeting________ our teacher arrives.
A. though B. until C. while D. or
考点4定语从句
例4(2021·湖南怀化,28题,1分)-Do you know the woman________ wears a blue skirt
-Oh, she's my aunt.
A. which B. who C. what
【解析】本题考查定语从句.句意:－你认识那个穿蓝色短裙的女士吗 一哦,她是我姑姑.which引导定语从句,先行词是物;who引导定语从句,先行词是人;what不能用于引导定语从句.分析句子结构可知,这里“wears a blue skirt”是定语从句,修饰先行词woman,关系代词使用who.答案:B
针对性练习4
1.One of the most delicious drinks________ I like is orange juice.
A. which B. that C. whose D. whom
2. The English-Chinese dictionary________ my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.
A. whose B. when C. who D. that
3. We all like the story about the teacher________ happened in our school last week.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
答案:
针对性练习1:1.D 2.D 3.C
针对性练习2:1.A 2.D 3.C
针对性练习3:1.C 2.A 3.B
针对性练习4:1.B 2.D 3.A
从模拟演练到实战操作
模拟演练
1.(2021·北京丰台区二模)I was very tired last night, ________ I went to bed earlier.
A. but B. or C. so D. for
2.(2021·广西柳州一模)The boy sitting at the corner was restless________ he should have listened to the teacher carefully.
A. because B. when C. if
3.(2021·上海宝山区二模) ________ the students of Class 5 had failed to win the dragon boat race several times, they didn't give up.
A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When
4.(2021·天津南开区三模)Poor Kate didn't go to school today________ she hurt her leg.
A. so that B. if C. before D. because
5.(2021·安徽铜陵一模)Work hard and be patient, ________ your dream won't come true.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
6.(2021·辽宁阜新模拟)The unforgettable experience________ we had in the summer camp makes us grow up.
A. who B. whose C. which D. whom
7.(2021·四川成都模拟)We must find out________ the professor is coming, so we can book a room for him.
A. how B. when C. why
8.(2020·湖北武汉二模)I wondered________.
A. which way was the wind blowing
B. which one is the most convenient
C. which of the house did you live in
D. which school it was you went to
9.(2021·天津东丽区一模)Mark is our class leader. He works hard________ he often helps others.
A. and B. so C. or D. but
10.(2021·重庆大渡口区二模)My family will go for a picnic this Sunday, but we haven't decided________.
A. why to go B. how to do C. what to do D. where to go
答案:
1.C【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:昨天晚上我很累,所以我睡得很早.but但是;or或者;so因此;for因为.根据前后句意可知,此处存在因果关系,前为因后为果,故应用表因果的连词so.
2.B
3.C【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:虽然五班的学生几次都没能赢得龙舟比赛,但他们没有放弃.unless 除非;because因为;although虽然;when当······时.结合语境可知,句子之间表达的是转折关系,应用although引导让步状语从句.
4.D【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:可怜的凯特今天没去上学,因为她伤了腿.so that为了;if如果;before在······之前;because因为.空格前后句之间是因果关系,属于“前果后因”,应用because引导原因状语从句.
5.A 6.C 7.B 8.D
9.A【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:马克是我们的班长.他努力学习,而且他经常帮助别人.and和,而且,表并列;so因此,所以,表结果;or或者,表选择;but但是,表转折.根据“He works hard...he often helps others.”可知,他努力学习,他经常帮助别人,前后两句是并列关系,所以使用and连接.
10.D
真题演练
1.(2022·四川成都)Mary has learned a lot about the history of Sichuan________ she can be a tour guide.
A. even if B. as soon as C. so that
2.(2021·山西)Please don't hurt the little animals________ you see them on the street. They are our friends.
A. so B. when C. unless
3.(2021·湖南岳阳) ________ he is 72 years old, ________ he keeps running every day.
A. Although; but B. Although;/ C. But;/
4.(2021·云南昆明)You can't make progress in math learning________ you work harder.
A. if B. after C. unless D. because
5.(2021·湖南株洲)The active ladies like music________ they can dance to.
A. that B. where C. who
6.(2021·四川成都)Zhang Hong, a Chinese, is the first Asian blind climber________ has reached the top of Qomolangma.
A. who B. whose C. which
7.(2021·天津)My cousin became a country doctor________ he finished medical school.
A. after B. so that C. but D. so
8.(2021·四川成都) ________ we continue to pull together, we'll keep winning the game.
A.As long as B. Even though C.As soon as
9.(2021·黑龙江绥化)I like smart clothes________ are made of silk.
A. who B. which C. what
10.(2021·江苏镇江)I won't believe that the little boy can read five thousand words________ I test him myself.
A. after B. when C. if D. until
11.(2021·重庆B卷)We were lucky yesterday. The bus left________ we got on it.
A. before B. although C. until D. as soon as
12.(2021·内蒙古包头)-Do you know________ he said at the party
-Go on-I'm all ears.
A. why B. that C. which D. what
13.(2021·山东滨州)In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one________ is well worth reading.
A. who B. that C. whom D. what
14.(2021·江苏南京)You need to practice speaking every day________ you hope to improve your spoken English.
A. if B. although C. unless D. until
15.(2021·湖北荆州)-How do you like the singing competition yesterday
-Exciting, ________ some students didn't do very well.
A. so B. and C. though D. because
16.(2021·重庆A卷)We should take the rest of the food home________ we can't finish what we order.
A. if B. so C. unless D. until
17.(2021·江苏盐城)－Jim is planning a trip to Shanghai this weekend, but still doesn't decide________.
-Why not take the high-speed railway It's fast and comfortable.
A. who will he visit B. what he will do C. how he's going there D. whom is he going with
18.(2021·湖北荆州)-I hear we'll have a new English teacher this term.
-Really Do you know________
A. what subject he teaches B. where he comes from
C. if he is a math teacher D. why he teaches so well
答案:
1.C【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:玛丽了解了很多关于四川的历史,这样她就能当导游了.了解四川历史的目的是为了当导游,此处用so that引导目的状语从句.
2.B【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:当你在街上看到小动物的时候,不要去伤害它们,它们是我们的朋友.o所以;when当·····时;unless除非.由句意可知,应选when.
3.B[解析］本题考查状语从句的从属连词.句意尽管他72岁了,他仍坚持每天跑步.分析句子结构可知这是一个让步状语从句,although和but不能连用,并且but不用于句子开头.
4.C【解析】本意考查连词辨析.句意:如果你不更加努力,你不会在数学学习上取得进步.■如果;after······以后;unless如果不,相当于i...not; because因为,由于.由句意和前文主句的否定形式可知用连词unless“如果不”,符合句意,用双重否定表示肯定.
5.A【解析】本题考查定语从句关系词的用法.句意:那些活跃的女士们喜欢可以让她们跳舞的音乐.先行词music指物,应用that或which引导定语从句.
6.A【解析】本题考查定语从句关系词的用法.句意:中国人张洪是第一位登上珠穆朗玛峰的亚洲盲人登山者.空后面的句子是定语从句,关系代词在从句中作主语,其先行词是指人的名词climber,故应用who.
7.A【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:我表弟从医学院毕业后成为了一名乡村医生.根据句意可知,“成为一名乡村医生”与“医学院毕业”存在先后顺序,故选after.
8.A【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:只要我们继续齐心协力,我们就能继续赢得比赛.as long as只要;even though尽管;as soon as······就·····.
9.B【解析】本题考查定语从句关系词的用法.句意:我喜欢用丝绸做的漂亮衣服.空格所在句是定语从句,先行词clothes表示物,关系代词应用 that或which.
10.D
11.D【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:昨天我们很幸运,我们一上去,公交车就走了.before在······之前;although虽然;until直到;as soon as-···就······.根据句意可知,选as soon as.
12.D
13.B【解析】本题考查定语从句关系词的用法.句意:在我看来,所有的书中,只有这一本非常值得一读.who和whom指代人,who充当定语从句的主语,whom 充当从句的宾语,what不是关系词,所以它不能引导定语从句;that一般指代事物,也可以指代不知性别或泛指的一类人,当定语从句的先行词被the only所修饰时,关系代词要用that.
14.A【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:如果你希望提高你的英语口语,你需要每天练习说英语.if如果;although尽管;unless除非;until直到.前后是条件关系,用if.
15.C【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:你觉得昨天的歌唱比赛怎么样 －尽管一些学生表演得不太好,但是比赛很令人兴奋.so因此;and并且,和;though尽管;because因为.空白处后句“一些学生表演得不太好”与前句“比赛令人兴奋”表示转折关系.
16.A【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:如果我们吃不完所点的东西,我们应当把剩余的食物带回家.if如果;so因此;unless除非;until直到.根据句意,应选if.
17.C【解析】本题考查宾语从句.句意:吉姆正在计划这个周末去上海旅行,但他仍然没有决定如何去那儿.－为什么不乘坐高铁呢 高铁又快又舒服.根据答语“为什么不乘坐高铁呢 ”可知,用how引导宾语从句,表示去上海的方式.
18.B【解析】本题考查宾语从句.句意:我听说我们这学期来了位新英语老师.－真的吗 你知道他来自哪儿吗 A项“他教什么学科”、C项“他是不是数学老师”与前句“英语老师”矛盾,排除A、C; D项“他为什么教得这么好”与前句“我听说我们这学期来了位新英语老师”语境不相符,排除D项.B项“他来自哪里”与前句“我听说我们这学期来了位新英语老师”语境相符.