专题十一简单句-2023年初中英语中考复习专项突破（含解析）

专题十一 简单句
一对一“梳理”知识点
高效复习法
只有一个主语(或多个并列主语)和一个谓语(或多个并列谓语)的句子称为简单句.简单句有五大基本句型.简单句按用途可分为:陈述句、祈使句、疑问句和感叹句.there be句型也属于简单句.中考对于简单句的考查主要集中在陈述句、祈使句、疑问句、感叹句、there be结构和主谓一致.解答此类题要熟练掌握各种句型,然后根据语境作出正确的判断.
知识突破
知识点1简单句
简单句的五大基本句型结构:
结构 意义 示例
主语＋谓语 谓语动词为不及物动词,句型能表达完整的意思.不及物动词后不能直接加宾语,但可接状语进行修饰 An accident(主语)happened(谓语) the day before yesterday(状语).事故发生在前天.
主语＋谓语＋宾语 谓语动词为及物动词,必须跟动作的承受者(宾语),意义才完整 We(主语)visited(谓语)the Great Wall(宾语).我们参观了长城.
主语＋谓语＋间接 宾语＋直接宾语 谓语动词需跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思,这种句型俗称双宾语结构.两个宾语中,一个是动作的直接承受者,一个是动作的间接承受者 My father(主语)bought(谓语)my little sister(间接宾语)a kite(直接宾语).我的爸爸给我小妹妹买了一个风筝.
常见跟双宾语的动词 give, show, bring, pass, lend, send, buy
主语＋谓语＋表语 谓语动词为系动词,不能表达完整的意思,后需加表语(名词、代词或形容词),意义才能完整 Your idea(主语)sounds(系动词) great(表语).你的主意听起来很棒.
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 宾语补足语补充说明宾语的 特点、身份等 I(主语)found(谓语)the boy(宾语) very clever(宾语补足语).我发现这个男孩很聪明.
通过感官知道宾语做了某事或让宾语去完成某个动作 The teacher(主语)made(谓语)the boy(宾语)write a new article(宾语补足语).老师让男孩写一篇新文章.
知识点2陈述句
一、定义:陈述句用来叙述一件事情或表明说话人的看法、态度等,句末标点用“”,包括肯定和否定两种形式.陈述句语序一般为“主语＋谓语＋宾语”.
二、用法
1.陈述句的肯定形式:谓语动词不含否定词,分为两种,一种为正常语序,一种为倒装语序.例如:
My parents are both doctors.我的父母都是医生.
In the center of the city is a big park.在这个城市中心有一个大公园.
2.陈述句的否定形式
(1)如果句子的谓语是be动词、助动词或情态动词,在这些动词之后加not,常用缩略形式.例如:
She isn't my friend.她不是我的朋友.
I can't go with you.我不能和你一起去.
I haven't seen the film.我没有看过这部电影.
(2)如果句子的谓语是实义动词,在谓语动词前要加助动词don't, doesn't, didn't.例如:
Tom doesn't like playing the piano.汤姆不喜欢弹钢琴.
(3)除not外,使用其他否定词也可构成否定句,如no, never, seldom, hardly, nothing, neither, nobody, few, little, none等.例如:
I have never been to Shanghai.我从来没有去过上海.
None of these pens works/work.这些钢笔没有一支能用.句
知识点3祈祷句
一、定义:祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝告、警告、禁止等.在祈使句中,通常省略第二人称主语you.肯定式以动词原形开头,否定式在动词原形前加don't.
二、祈使句的基本结构
形式 结构 示例
肯定形式 (Please +)动词原形／Be+其他(句末用please时,前面通常加逗号) Come in, please.请进. Be quiet!安静！
Do+动词原形＋其他(加强语气,表“务必,一定”) Do look out!一定要小心！
Let+宾语＋动词原形＋其他(常用于第一、三人称,表示建议、邀请和劝说等) Let's go shopping.我们去购物吧.
否定形式 Don't＋动词原形／be+其他 Don't be late next time.下次不要迟到了.
No+名词／动名词 No photos!禁止拍照！No swimming!禁止游泳！
Don't let+宾语＋动词原形＋其他＝Let+宾语＋not+动词原形＋其他 Don't let him go there alone.= Let him not go there alone.不要让他独自去那里.
Never+动词原形 Never forget me.永远不要忘记我.
1.回答祈使句时要用将来时.例如:
-Please remember to turn off the light when you leave the room.当你离开房间时记得关灯.
-Yes/OK,I will.好的,我会的.
-Don't take your mobile phone to school.不要把手机带到学校去.
-Sorry, I won't.对不起,我不会了.
2.“祈使句＋and/or+简单句”结构中,祈使句表示一个条件,这时祈使句可以转换成if引导的条件状语从句.例如:
Hurry up, or we'll be late for school.快点,否则我们上学就迟到了.
＝If we don't hurry up, we'll be late for school.
Work hard, and you'll get good grades.努力学习,你就会取得好成绩的.
＝If you work hard, you'll get good grades.
知识点4疑问句
一、定义:疑问句指提出问题,请对方回答的句子,句末要用问号.疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句.
二、用法
1.一般疑问句
概念 构成形式 示例
用于询问某事是否属实, 通常用yes或no来回答 Be+主语＋其他 -Is she your sister 她是你的妹妹吗 -Yes, she is./No, she isn't.是的,她是./不,她不是.
情态动词＋主语＋动词原形＋其他 -Must I finish the report 我必须完成报告吗 -Yes, you must./No, you needn't.是的,你必须.／不,你不必.
助动词＋主语＋动词原形＋其他 -Did Tom go to the zoo 汤姆去过动物园了吗 -Yes, he did./No, he didn't.是的,他去了./不,他没有去.
2.特殊疑问句
概念 特殊疑问词(组) 含义及用法 示例
用特殊疑问词(组)引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句,回答时不能使用yes或no,而是问什么,答什么 who “谁”,询问身份 Who is the man under the tree 树 底下的那个男人是谁
which “哪一个”,询问特定的人或物 Which book do you like 你喜欢哪一本书
what “什么”,询问职业或身份等 -What is he 他是干什么的 -He's a teacher.他是一名教师.
when “什么时候”,询问时间 When did you go to Shanghai last time 你上次去上海是什么时候
where “哪里”,询问地点 Where is he from 他来自哪里
why “为什么”,询问原因 Why are you late again 你为什么又迟到了
how “怎样,如何”,询问方式 How do you go to school 你怎样去上学
whose “谁的”,询问所属关系 Whose is this 这是谁的
how far “多远”,询问距离 How far is it from here to your home 从这儿到你家有多远
how long “多长”,询问物体长度 How long is the desk 这张书桌有多长
“多长时间”,询问时间长短,答语用“for+一段时间”或“since+时间点” -How long have you taught in the school 你在这所学校教书教了多长时间了 -For ten years.十年了.
how many “多少”,询问数量,后跟可数名词 How many books do you have 你有多少本书
how much “多少”,询问数量,后跟不可数名词 How much water do you need 你需要多少水
“多少钱”,询问价格 How much are these books 这些书多少钱
how often “多久一次”,询问频率 How often do you go swimming 你多久去游泳一次
how soon “多久之后”,询问将来的时间,答语用“in+一段时间” -How soon will you come back 你多久回来 -In two days.两天之后.
how old “多大”,询问年龄 How old are you 你多大了
3.选择疑问句
概念 构成形式 答语 示例
说话人提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况作答的问句叫做选择疑问句,列出的选择之间常用or连接 一般疑问句＋选择项A+or+选择项B 选择疑问句不用yes或no回答,可用完整的陈述句或其简略形式作答,也可用不定代词all, both, either, neither 或 none 作答 -Do you like noodles or rice 你喜欢面条还是米饭 -I like rice.我喜欢米饭.／Neither, I like dumplings.两个都不喜欢,我喜欢饺子.
特殊疑问句＋选择项 A+or+选择项B -Which shirt do you like better, the red one or the blue one 你更喜欢哪件衬衫,红色的还是蓝色的 -I like the red one.我喜欢红色的这件.／Both.两件我都喜欢.
4.反意疑问句
(1)定义:反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问的句子.反意疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简短的提问即附加问句,问句要与前面的陈述部分用逗号隔开,句末用问号.
(2)构成形式及用法.
反意疑问句有两种形式:一种是前部分肯定,后部分否定;另一种是前部分否定,后部分肯定,即“前肯后否,前否后肯”.反意疑问部分的主语要用代词,并与陈述部分主语一致,谓语动词在人称、数和时态上也要与陈述部分一致,若动词为否定形式,则一般应用缩略式.
①带有be动词、助动词、情态动词时,附加部分问句重复陈述部分相应的be动词、助动词、情态动词;实义动词的问句部分若是一般现在时用 do, does,若是一般过去时就用did.例如:
Tom buys a new bike, doesn't he 汤姆买了一辆新自行车,是吗
Kate can speak English, can't she 凯特会说英语,是吗
②陈述部分是“there be”句型时,附加问句用“be there”.例如:
There is a supermarket near the park, isn't there 公园附近有一个超市,是吗
③当陈述句部分含有few, little, nothing, nobody, hardly, no等表示否定意义的词时,其附加问句应用肯定形式.例如:
You have never been to Beijing, have you 你从来没有去过北京,是吗
④肯定祈使句的附加问句用will you或won't you;否定祈使句的附加问句用will you.例如:
Come in and sit down, will/won't you 进来坐下,好吗
Don't be late again, will you 不要再迟到了,好吗
⑤以let's开头的祈使句,附加问句用shall we;以let us开头的祈使句,附加问句用will you.例如:
Let's go to the zoo, shall we 我们去动物园,好吗
Let us see a film tonight, will you 今晚我们去看电影,好吗
⑥当陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, everybody, nobody, no one等时,附加部分问句的主语用he或they.例如:
Somebody wants to see you, doesn't he/don't they 有人想见你,是吗
No one received a present, did he/they 没有人收到礼物,是吗
⑦当陈述部分的主语为指事(或物)的不定代词something, anything, everything等时,附加部分问句的主语用it.例如:
Something is wrong with your bike, isn't it 你的自行车出毛病了,是吗
⑧当陈述部分的主语为this, that等时,附加部分问句的主语用it;当陈述部分的主语为these, those等时,附加部分问句的主语用they.例如:
This isn't your book, is it 这不是你的书,是吗
These are your pens, aren't they 这些是你的钢笔,是吗
⑨陈述部分若为主从复合句,附加部分问句的主语通常与主句的主语一致.例如:
She said he would come next week, didn't she 她说他下周会来,是吗
若主句的主语是第一人称I/we,其谓语动词是think, suppose, believe等时,问句部分的主语和谓语一般应与从句一致.例如:
I think she is right, isn't she 我认为她是正确的,是吗
We don't think he can finish the work, can he 我们认为他不能完成这项工作,是吗
(3)反意疑问句的答语.
对反意疑问句作答时,根据实际情况回答,如事实是肯定的,则用yes,后跟肯定形式的简略回答方式;若事实是否定的,则用no,后跟否定形式的简略回答方式.即其回答方式与一般疑问句的回答方式完全一样.例如:
-Lily likes playing football, doesn't she 莉莉喜欢踢足球,是吗
-Yes, she does.是的,她喜欢.
-They don't like the film, do they 他们不喜欢这部电影,是吗
-No, they don't.是的,他们不喜欢.
知识点5感叹句
一、定义:表示强烈感情或情绪的句子叫做感叹句.这种句子一般用what或how来引导,都用陈述语序,句尾用感叹号.
二、分类及用法
引导词 结构 示例
what引导的感叹句 What+a/an(+形容词)＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！ What a beautiful flower(it is)! 多漂亮的一朵花啊！
What+形容词＋可数名词复数(＋主语＋谓语)！ What interesting books (they are)! 多有趣的书啊！
What(+形容词)＋不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！ What fine weather (it is)! 多好的天气啊！
What+主语+谓语！ What he must have suffered!他一定吃了不少苦头！
how引导的感叹句 How+形容词／副词＋主语＋谓语！ How fine the weather is!多好的天气啊！
How+形容词＋a/an+单数可数名词(＋主语＋谓语) How beautiful a dress(it is)! 多漂亮的一条连衣裙啊！
How+主语＋谓语！ How time flies!时间过得多快啊！
知识点6倒装句
一、定义:在句子中谓语动词放在主语之前,这种语序称为倒装语序.倒装语序分为完全倒装和部分倒装.
二、用法
1.完全倒装
这种倒装方式就是主语和谓语完全调换位置,变成真正的“谓语＋主语”顺序.初中阶段的完全倒装句包含如下形式:
(1)There/Here be句型
There/Here be句型表示“存在(有)”,这个倒装句的主语往往放在be动词后面.be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致.例如:
There is a table and three chairs in Tom's room.在汤姆的房间有一张桌子和三把椅子.
Here are some flowers.这儿有一些花.
(2)“表系主”结构
On the desk are my books.在书桌上的是我的书.(表语On the desk放在句首)
2.部分倒装
(1)“So+助动词／be动词／情态动词＋主语”,表示前面的肯定情况也适用于后者,意为“······也······”.例如:
He is a doctor, and so am I.他是医生,我也是.
(2)Neither/Nor+助动词／be动词／情态动词＋主语,表示前面的否定情况也适用于后者,意为“······也不······”.例如:
Mary didn't watch TV last night, neither/nor did Jim.玛丽昨晚没有看电视,吉姆也没看.
知识点7 there be句型
一、定义:There be+主语＋状语(介词短语),表示“某地有某人／物／事”.there作为引导词本身无词义,be后的名词是句子的主语,be和后面最近的名词在数上保持一致.
二、用法
1.there be句型的结构
句式 结构 示例
肯定句 There be+主语＋介词短语 There is a cup on the table.桌子上有一个茶杯.
否定句 ① There be + not+主语＋介词短语 ②There be+ no+主语＋介词短语 There aren't any books on the desk.书桌上没有书. There are no pictures on the wall.墙上没有图画.
疑问句 一般疑问句 Be+there+主语＋介词短语 答语:Yes, there be./No, there be not. -Is there a cake on the table 桌子上有块蛋糕吗 -Yes, there is./No, there isn't.是的,有.／不,没有.
特殊疑问句 ①对主语提问:What/Who+ be+介词短语 ②对时间／地点提问:When/ Where+be+主语 ③对数量提问:How many+复数＋复数名词＋are/were+介词短语 How much+不可数名词＋is/was介词短语 Who is over there 谁在那边 Where are the students 学生们在哪里 How many students are there in your class 你们班有多少学生 How much rain was there around the year 一年下多少雨
2.there be句型的就近原则:be 动词单复数形式必须和there be之后的第一个主语保持一致.如果第一个主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词,be动词用单数;如果第一个主语是可数名词复数,be动词用复数.例如:
There is a book and two pencils on the desk.书桌上有一本书和两支铅笔.
There are two pencils and a book on the desk.书桌上有两支铅笔和一本书.
3.there be句型的时态:there be句型的时态变化体现在be动词上
时态 结构 示例
一般现在时 There is/are+主语＋介词短语 There is a bike under the tree.树下有一辆自行车
一般过去时 There was/were+主语＋介词短语 There were no supermarkets a long time ago. 很久以前没有超市.
一般将来时 There will be+主语＋介词短语或 There is/are going to be +主语＋介词短语 There will be a fine day tomorrow.明天将是一个晴天. There is going to be a meeting in the classroom tonight.今天晚上教室里将有一个会议.
现在完成时 There has/have been+主语＋介词短语 There have been several private schools in our city this year. 今年我们城市已经有好几所私立学校了.
4.there be句型可以和情态动词连用.例如:
There may be a pen in the box.盒子里也许有一支钢笔.
There must be some cakes on the table.桌子上一定有一些蛋糕.
5.there be句型与have的异同
(1)there be句型表示某地有某人／物／事,表示“存在”;have意为“有”,表示某人拥有某物,强调所属.例如:
There is a radio on the desk.书桌上有一台收音机.
I have a watch.我有一块手表.
(2)当have表示包括、存在的含义时,可以与there be句型互换.例如:
A week has seven days.=There are seven days in a week.一个星期有七天.
(3)there be句型绝不与表“拥有”的have连用.
6.There be sb. doing sth.+时间／地点状语(介词短语)意为“某时／某地有某人正在做某事”.例如:
There are some children running on the playground.操场上有一些孩子正在跑步.
知识点8主谓一致
一、定义:主谓一致指谓语动词的单复数形式要与主语的单复数保持一致.有语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则.
二、用法
1.语法一致原则:主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式.
主语 谓语 示例
不可数名词、可数名词单数、 第三人称单数、不定式(短语)、 动名词(短语)、从句 单数 Water is important to us.水对我们很重要. The boy is from England.这个男孩来自英国. Running is good for our health.跑步对我们的健康有好处.
可数名词复数、代词复数、第 二人称单(复)数you 复数 The students are having their English class.学生们正在上英语课.
and 连接并列成分 该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物 复数 Jim and Bill are both from England.吉姆和比尔都来自英国.
该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前没有冠词) 单数 The writer and teacher is coming.那个作家兼教师要来.
both...and...连接主语 复数 Both Peter and Mike are from America.彼得和迈克都来自美国.
one of+可数名词复数／复数代词 单数 One of the books is boring.这些书里有一本很无聊.
一些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等) 复数 My trousers were bought in Beijing.我的裤子是在北京买的.
“a number of+复数名词” 复数 A number of trees have been planted every year. 每年都有大量的树木被种植.
“the number/pair of+复数名词” 单数 The number of the apples is ten.苹果的数量是10个. The pair of pants is too expensive.这条裤子太贵了.
either, neither, each, every或no+单数名词 单数 Each student has a new hook.每一个学生都有一本新书.
something, anything, everyone, nobody等复合不定代词 单数 Something is wrong with my bike.我的自行车出毛病了.
主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, including等 取决于主语的数 Li Ming with his parents goes to the park every day. 李明和他的父母每天都去公园. The players, as well as the captain, were tired. 运动员们还有队长都感到累了.
分数／百分数＋of+名词 取决于of后名词的数 One third of the workers here are men.这 里三分之一的工人是男人.
lots of/a lot of/plenty of/the rest of+ 名词 A lot of books are in the room.房间里有许多书.
more+可数名词复数＋than one” 复数 More members than one are against your plan. 不止一个成员反对你的计划.
2.意义一致原则:意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词是单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念,也就是说主语所表达的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数形式.
主语 谓语 示例
集体名词(如crowd, family, team, group, government, class, staff, public) 若它们表示一个集体单位 单数 This team plays better than that one. 这个队比那个队踢得好.
若表示集体中的成员 复数 The family are watching TV now. 那一家人现在正在看电视.
集体名词如 people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等,形式上是单数,而意义上却表示复数 复数 The police are looking for the second car. 警方正在寻找另一辆车.
news, means, physics, politics 等词形式上是复数,而意义上却表示单数 单数 I think physics is very difficult. 我认为物理很难.
“the+形容词”表示一类人 复数 The rich are not always happy. 富人并不总是快乐的.
“the+姓氏名词复数”表示“xx一家人;xx夫妇” 复数 The Greens have gone to Beijing. 格林一家人已经去北京了.
表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,通常视为一个整体 单数 Ten years is a moment in history. 十年在历史上就是一瞬间.
“many a/an+名词单数”或“more than one+名词单数” 单数 Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这部小说.
3.就近原则:谓语动词的数要与和它紧邻的名词或代词的数保持一致.
用法 示例
由 either...or...,neither... nor....not only...hut also..., not... but...或or等连词连接并列主语时,谓语动词常与最近的主语保持数的一致 Either you or he has made a mistake. 不是你就是他犯了错误.
there be结构后面是并列主语时,谓语动词与离它最近的主语保持数的一致 There is a pen and two pencils on my desk. 我的书桌有一支钢笔和两支铅笔.
核心考点，各个击破
考点1祈使句
例1(2022·四川广元,5题,1分)-________ silent, please! You are in the library.
-I'm sorry, madam.
A. Keep B. To keep C. Keeping D. Kept
【解析】本题考查祈使句.句意:请保持安静！你在图书馆.-对不起,女士.keep silent保持安静.分析句子结构可知句中缺少主语,再结合题干“silent, please!”可知,此处是祈使句,祈使句句首用动词原形.答案:A
针对性练习1
1. ________ wake up your sister, Ben. She needs a good sleep.
A. Don't B. Doesn't C. Aren't D. Can't
2. ________ on the grass, or it will “cry”
A. To walk B. Not to walk C. Walk D. Don't walk
3.-I'm leaving for Xisai Mountain this afternoon.
-________ you have packed everything.
A. To be sure B. Been sure C. Being sure D. Be sure
考点2疑问句
例2(2021·江苏南京,2题,1分)-Millie, ________ are you reading
-Camel Xiangzi, by the famous Chinese writer, Lao She.
A. who B. how C. where D. what
【解析】本题考查特殊疑问词用法.句意:-米莉,你在读什么呢 -《骆驼祥子》,中国著名作家老舍写的书.答语回答的是一本书的名字,对物体提问用what.答案:D
针对性练习2
1.- ________ do you make a banana milk shake
-Peel the banana first and blend it with milk.
A. What B. When C. How D. Where
2. ________ will the foreign students be back from Xibaipo
-In five days.
A. How soon B. How often C .How far D. How fast
3.We have to finish the work now, ________
A. don't we B. haven't we C. have we D. do we
考点3感叹句
例3(2021·湖南湘潭,26题,1分)- ________ heavy! I can't move the bag.
-Don't worry! Let me help you.
A. What B. How C. What a
【解析】本题考查感叹句.句意:真沉啊！我搬不动那个袋子.-不要担心！让我来帮助你.由后面的形容词“heavy”
可知用how引导感叹句.答案:B
针对性练习3
1. ________ delicious these beef noodles are!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
2.- ________ sweet music!
-And I really like TV programs about music.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
3.- ________ day it is!
-Let's go out and have a picnic.
A. How cold B. How nice C. What a cloudy D. What a lovely
考点4倒装句
例4(2021·黑龙江绥化,21题,1分)Only at that time________ that he was wrong.
A. he realized B. did he realize C. he did realize
【解析】本题考查倒装句.句意:直到那时他才意识到自己错了.only位于句首,句子要用部分倒装.答案:B
针对性练习4
1. -I'm not going swimming this afternoon.
-________. I have to help my mother do some cleaning.
A. So am I B. So I am C. Neither am I D. Neither I am
2.-Here________！Where is Xiao Liu
-There________.
A. comes the bus; is he B. comes the bus; he is
C. the bus comes; is he D. the bus comes; he is
3.-Tom, I'm watching a football match. What about you
-________.
A. So do I B. So am I C. So I do D. So I am
考点5 there be句型
例5(2020·上海,31题,1分)There________ more than two ways to solve this math problem.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
【解析】考查There be结构的主谓一致.句意:解决这道数学题的方法不止两种.be动词一般现在时的形式有am, is和are;根据There be句型谓语动词遵循就近原则,“more than two ways”是复数形式,be动词应用are.
答案:C
针对性练习5
1. ________ less milk in this bottle than in that one.
A. There have B. There has C. There is D. There are
2.- ________ there any living things on other planets
-I have no ideas. Maybe we can know more about that in the future.
A.Is B. Are C. Has D. Have
3.There________ an English competition in two weeks.
A. will have B. will has C. is going to have D. will be
考点6主谓一致
例6(2020·黑龙江齐齐哈尔,9题,1分)To avoid gathering(聚集),neither the students nor their headteacher________ going to the party this evening.
A. was B. are C. is
【解析】本题考查主谓一致.句意:为避免聚集,学生和校长今晚都不会参加聚会.这句话的主语由neither...nor...连接,根据“就近一致”原则,设空处需与“their headteacher”保持一致;根据时间标志词“this evening”可知应该使用一般将来时.答案:C
针对性练习6
1.Doing eye exercises________ one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.
A. is B. are C. were
2.Look,the set of keys________ on the teacher's desk.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
3.-What are you going to do this weekend
-I together with my classmates________ going to climb Mount Qin.
A. is B. am C. are D. were
答案:
针对性练习1:1.A 2.D 3.D
针对性练习2:1.C 2.A 3.A
针对性练习3:1.B 2.A 3.D
针对性练习4:1.C 2.B 3.B
针对性练习5:1.C 2.B 3.D
针对性练习6:1.A 2.C 3.B
从模拟演练到实战操作
模拟演练
1.(2021·上海普陀区二模)- ________ is in charge of the meeting
-Penny. She knows much about the project.
A. Why B. Where C. What D. Who
2.(2021·湖北襄阳一模)- ________ useful the information you've provided is! It is very kind of you to help us a lot.
-You're welcome. It's my pleasure.
A. What a B. What C. What an D. How
3.(2021·江苏连云港一模)The number of the volunteers in our community________ almost 200. And sixty percent of them________ teachers and students.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are
4.(2021·辽宁丹东模拟)Listen! ________ wonderful news report Mr. Smith is giving!
A. What B. How C. How a D. What a
5.(2021·贵州黔东南二模)-How many students are there in your school
-About________. And one third of them________ girls.
A. two thousand; is B. two thousands; is C. two thousands; are D. two thousand; are
6.(2021·福建福州模拟)- ________ is it from Xiamen University to Gulang Island
-About 15 minutes by car.
A. How long B. How soon C. How far
7.(2021·江苏盐城二模)-Bob, ________ can you have your product ready
-It's hard to say. I'm still waiting for the final design.
A. how long B. how soon C. how often D. how far
8.(2021·福建漳州华安、长泰联考)-I would like to watch sports shows.
-________.I like watching soccer games best.
A. So would I B. So do I C. So I do
9.(2021·江苏盐城一模)-I feel blue. I've made little progress through three months' effort.
-________. But I won't lose heart.
A. Neither did I B. Neither have I C. So did I D. So have I
10.(2021·福建莆田二模)-Tina wants to be a volunteer for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.
-________.
A. So am I B. So do I C. So will I
答案:
1.D【解析】本题考查特殊疑问词辨析.句意:－谁负责这次会议 －潘妮.她对这个项目了解得很多.why为什么;where哪里;what什么;who谁.根据答语“Penny”可知问句间的是人.
2.D 3.A
4.D【解析】本题考查感叹句的用法.句意:听！史密斯先生正在做多么精彩的新闻报道啊！感叹句主要有两种句式,一是what引导的,其结构为hat(+a/an+)名词＋主语＋其他成分”,另一个是how引导的,其结构为“How+形容词或副词＋主语＋其他成分”.中心词是名词report,用what引导感叹句,report是可数名词单数,要加上不定冠词a.
5.D【解析】本题考查数词及主谓一致.句意:－你们学校有多少学生 －大约两千,其中三分之一是女孩.thousand前有具体数字时,不加a不加of,排除B、C选项;分数构成的主语,谓语动词由of后面的词决定,them指代的是前面的复数名词students,谓语动词应用are.
6.C
7.B【解析】本题考查特殊疑问词组辨析.句意:－鲍勃,你们多久能把产品准备好 很难说,我还在等待最终的设计.how long多久(时长),多长(长度);how soon多久以后(将来的时长);how often 多久一次(频率);how far多远(距离).根据答语可知,空处问的是“多久以后”.
8.A【解析】本题考查倒装句的用法.句意:－我想观看运动类节目.－我也想.我最喜欢看足球赛.so引导的倒装句结构是:so+助动词＋主语.根据第一句可知,助动词为would.
9.B【解析】本题考查倒装句的用法.句意:－我感到很伤心,经过三个月的努力,我没有取得什么进步.－我也没有什么进步,但我不会灰心的.so+助动词／情态动词／be动词＋主语,表示“······也如此”,与上文所指不是同一人或事物.上文是否定句,下文表示某某也不,用neither/nor+助动词＋主语.这些句式在时态、人称上与前一个句子相同.根据上句中“little几乎没有”表否定可知要用neither.
10.B【解析】本题考查倒装句的用法.句意:－蒂娜想成为2022年北京冬奥会的志愿者.－－我也想.so+助动词／be动词／情态动词＋主语,表前者所述的情况同样适用于后者.意为“某人也一样,某人也是”.上文时态是一般现在时,故本句也应是一般现在时,主语1是第一人称,上文“wants”是谓语动词,故需用助动词do.
真题演练
1.(2021·江苏南通)- ________ does May look like
-She is a pretty girl with big bright eyes and long straight hair.
A. How B. What C. Which D. Who
2.(2021·四川广元)I plan to travel to America next month, and I think 2,000 dollars________ enough.
A. was B. are C. is D. were
3.(2021·湖北襄阳)- ________ nice weather it is to go hiking! Would you like to go with me
-Good idea! Let's go.
A. How a B. How C. What a D. What
4.(2021·云南昆明)-A nice T-shirt! ________ is it
-It's 50 yuan.
A. How long B. How far C. How much D. How old
5.(2021·湖南株洲) ________ cute and lovely the babies are! I will take care of them like they're my own babies.
A. What B. What a C. How
6.(2021·广西梧州)- ________ your hands before dinner, Tony.
-No problem, Mom.
A. Wash B. Washes C. Washing D. To wash
7.(2021·江苏扬州)- ________ do you play basketball with your friends
-Only once a week.
A. How long B. How much C. How soon D. How often
8.(2021·贵州安顺)Volunteering our time to help people________ a good way to learn new things.
A. am B. is C. are
9.(2020·江苏连云港)- ________ is Ricky like
-He's humorous. He often tells us funny jokes.
A. How B. What C. Which D. Who
10.(2020·北京)- ________ do you visit your grandparents, Tom
-Twice a month.
A. How much B. How often C. How long D. How soon
11.(2021·广西河池)There________ a concert in our school hall next week.
A. is B. was C. will be D. will have
答案:
1.B【解析】本题考查特殊疑问词辨析.句意:－梅长什么样 －她是一个漂亮的女孩,有一双明亮的大眼睛和一头长长的直发.how怎样;what什么;which哪个;who谁.根据回答“She is a pretty girl with big bright eyes and long straight hair.”可知,此处是询问外貌长相,结构是What...look like .
2.C【解析】本题考查主谓一致.句意:我计划下个月到美国去旅游,我认为2000美元足够了.因为是下月才去旅游,所以不能用过去式.主语是时间、距离、价钱、长度等,虽然其量词用复数,但应作为一个整体来看,谓语动词用单数.
3.D 4.C
5.C【解析】本题考查感叹句的用法.句意:这些婴儿多可爱啊！我会像照顾自己的孩子一样照顾他们.感叹句结构为“＂How+形容词或副词＋主谓结构”或“What(+a/an)+形容词＋名词＋主谓结构！”.分析句子可知,主谓结构前是形容词cute和lovely,应用how引导感叹句.
6.A【解析】本题考查祈使句的用法.句意:－一饭前洗手,托尼.－没问题,妈妈.分析句子结构可知,此处应该是祈使句结构,句子应以动词原形开头.
7.D【解析】本题考查特殊疑问词组辨析.how long 对一段时间或长度提问;how much 对价格或对不可数名词的数量提问;how soon 对一般将来时的一段时间提问;how often 对频率提问.根据答句“only once a week.”(一周仅一次)可知上句是对频率提问.
8.B【解析】本题考查主谓一致.这句话说的是“Volunteering our time to help people”这一件事是学习新知识的好方法,谓语动词应用单数形式.
9.B 10.B
11.C【解析】本题考查There be句型的一般将来时.句意:下周我们学校礼堂将有一场音乐会.根据“there”及“next week”可知,此处用There be句型的一般将来时结构 There will+动词原形,且There be句型不能与have一起连用,故选will be.