专题七动词和动词短语-2023年初中英语中考复习专项突破（含解析）

专题七 动词和动词短语
一对一“梳理”知识点
高效复习法
中考对于动词的考查主要是动词词义辨析和动词短语辨析.解答动词词义辨析类试题,关键是读懂上下文语境,理解词义.要特别注意近、反义词的积累和感官动词的用法.动词短语辨析类试题旨在通过题干或语境考查考生对上下文的理解、动词短语不同搭配的识记以及辨析动词短语含义并能恰当运用动词短语的能力,解答此类试题关键在于熟记各个动词短语的含义.
知识突破
知识点1动词的分类
1.根据在句中的功能,动词可分为以下四类
分类 含义 示例
实义动词 表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,在句中作谓语 实义动词数量很多,如play, watch, study, learn等
系动词 又叫连系动词,本身有词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语 常见的系动词有be, look, become, feel, smell, keep等
助动词 本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定、疑问等结构 常见的助动词有will, do, be, have等
情态动词 本身有词义,但不完整,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示说话人的态度,大多没有人称和数的变化 常见的情态动词有 may, can, must, need, should, would等
2.实义动词的分类
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词,根据后面是否接宾语可分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.).
(1)及物动词的动作指向某个对象,在句中必须带宾语才能使其意思完整,及物动词有被动语态.例如:
We study English.我们学习英语.
The window was broken by my brother.窗户被我弟弟打破了.
(2)不及物动词的动作不指向任何对象,仅有主语表达动作的执行者就已完整,因此无需接宾语,也不能用于被动语态.例如:
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起.
3.助动词
助动词本身无意义,不能单独作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气等,或构成疑问式及否定式.常用的助动词有:
(1)be(am, is, are, was, were, been, being),用于构成进行时态和被动语态.例如:
My sister is watching TV now.我妹妹正在看电视.
The book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的.
(2)have(has, had),用于构成完成时态.例如:
I have studied English for six years.我已经学了六年英语了.
(3)do(does, did),用于构成疑问式和否定式,用于倒装句、加强说话的语气以及代替前面刚出现的动词(避免重复).例如:
-Do you live in China 你住在中国吗
-Yes, I do.是的,我住在中国.
He didn't go to the park with me.他没有和我一起去公园.
Do be quiet!务必安静！
Only then did I realize it.直到那时我才意识到这一点.
(4)shall(should)和will(would),用于构成将来时(shall仅用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称).例如:
Shall we go swimming if it is fine tomorrow 如果明天天气好,我们去游泳好吗
I will move to the new house next year.明年我要搬到新房子去.
知识点2动词辨析
1.常考系动词辨析
类别 词语 含义 示例
状态系动词 be 是 The boy is very clever.这个男孩很聪明.
感官系动词 look 看起来 You look beautiful in the red dress. 你穿着这件红色的连衣裙看着很漂亮.
feel 感觉;摸起来 The dress feels soft.这件连衣裙摸起来很柔软.
smell 闻起来 The flowers smell sweet.花儿闻起来很香.
sound 听起来 The music sounds beautiful.音乐听起来很优美.
taste 尝起来 The noodles taste delicious.这面条味道很好.
表“变化”的系动词 become 变得,成为(天气变暖和或变冷等) The weather becomes warm.天气变暖和了.
get 变得(天变黑、变长或变短) The days get longer in spring.春天白天变长.
turn 变得(多指颜色) The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 秋天树叶变黄.
go 变(多指由好变坏的 变化) The food has gone bad.食物已经变质了.
grow 变(表示“逐渐变得”,常需要经历一个过程,慢慢地变化.通常用来表示身高、岁数、经验的改变) Man will grow old.人是会变老的. She has grown much taller.她长高了很多.
持续系动词 Keep stay remain 保持 It's important to keep healthy.保持健康很重要.
表“像,似乎”的系动词 seem 似乎,好像 He seems very happy.他似乎很开心.
2.常考易混动词辨析
类别 词语 含义及用法 示例
两个“听” listen to “听”,listen是不及物动词,强调听的动作,与to构成固定搭配,表示“听······” My father likes listening to the radio. 我父亲喜欢听收音机.
hear “听到,听见”,强调听的结果 She heard footsteps behind her. 她听到背后有脚步声.
三个”参加” join “参加,加入”,一般指加入某个党派、团体、组织等,并成为其成员之一,后面可跟人(join sh.),也可跟介词in My brother joined the army last year. 我哥哥去年参军了. You can join us in playing football. 你可以和我们一起踢足球.
take part in “参加”,指参加聚会或群众性的活动 I took part in the sports meeting last week. 我上周参加了运动会.
attend “出席;参加”,一般指出席会议、庆典等 Mr. Li will attend an important meeting next week. 李先生下周将参加一个重要的会议.
三个“找” look for “寻找”,强调找的过程 Li Ming is looking for his pen. 李明正在找他的钢笔.
find “找到,发现”,强调找的结果 I found that book you were looking for. 我找到了你正在寻找的那本书.
find out “找出,查明”,强调弄清楚、弄明白事情的真相 The man wanted to find out who had broken the window.那个人想找出是谁打破了窗户.
三个“穿” wear “穿着,戴着”,表示状态,宾语通常是服装、鞋帽、饰物、奖 章等 My sister wears a new skirt today. 我妹妹今天穿着一件新短裙.
put on “穿上,戴上”,表示动作,宾语通常是衣服、鞋帽.宾语若是代词, 必须放在短语中间 It's cold outside. Please put on your coat. 外面很冷,请穿上外套.
dress “给······穿衣”,宾语通常是人. dress sb.给某人穿衣服;dress sb. up装扮某人 She dressed the children in their best clothes. 她给孩子们穿上了最漂亮的衣服.
三个“到达” reach “到达”,后面直接跟地点 He did not stop until he reached the door. 他走到门边才停下.
get “到达”,和to构成固定搭配,后面跟地点名词 She rushed to get to the post office before it closed.她赶在邮局关门之前到达了那里.
arrive “到达”,arrive in后跟表示大地 点的名词,arrive at后跟表示小地点的名词 She'll arrive in New York at noon. 她将在正午抵达纽约.
三个“借” borrow “借人”,是短暂性动词,常用搭配borrow sth. from sb./sw.,意为“从某人／某地借某物” We often borrow books from our school library. 我们经常从学校图书馆借书.
lend “借出”,是短暂性动词,常用 搭 配 lend sh.sth. =lend sth. to sb.借给某人某物 Can you lend me your bike =Can you lend your bike to me 你能把自行车借给我吗
keep “保持,保留”,表示长时间的借, 是延续性动词 How long can I keep the book 这本书我能借多长时间
四个“看” look “看”,强调看的动作,后面需 加介词才能跟宾语 Look! There are some beautiful birds in the tree. 看！树上有一些美丽的鸟.
see “看到,看见”,强调看的结果,常用于“看电影、看病”等,也可表示“理解,明白”.see sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事;see sb. do sth.看到某人做了某事 I saw Li Ming reading books when I came into the classroom. 当我走进教室时,我看见李明正在看书.
watch “观看,注视”,强调聚精会神地看,有欣赏的意思,常用于“看电视、比赛”等 Next time you visit the zoo, watch the tigers carefully. 下次你们参观动物园时,要仔细观察老虎.
read “读”,表示“阅读”,常用于“读书,看报纸、杂志”等 Have you read her new novel 你看过她新出的小说了吗
四个“拿” bring “带来,拿来”,表示“拿到靠 近说话人的地方” Don't forget to bring your home-work. 别忘了带你的作业.
take “带走,拿去”,表示“拿到远离说话人的地方”,与bring表示的方向相反 Could you take it to the class-room 你能把它拿到教室里去吗
carry “搬运;提,拿”,多指用力移动,没有方向 He is carrying a big basket of food. 他正提着一大篮子食物.
get/fetch “去取,去拿”,表示“往返拿东西” Could you get/fetch me my bag 你能帮我去取我的包吗
四个“说” speak “说,说话”,强调说话的能力和方式,不强调内容,后面可以加 语言,如speak English说英语;常用搭配有speak to sb.跟某人讲话 Hello, may I speak to Mary 你好,我可以和玛丽通电话吗
say “说”,侧重说话的内容,常用搭配有:say thanks/sorry/goodbye to sb.对某人说谢谢／抱歉／再见 She said “Good Morning” to the teacher. 她向老师说了声“早上好”.
talk “谈话”,强调与某人交谈,常用搭配有:talk to/with sh.和某人交谈;talk about sth.谈论某事 I like talking with my father about everything. 我喜欢和我父亲谈论所有事.
tell “告诉;讲述”,强调讲给别人听,常用搭配有:tell sb.sth.=tell sth. To sh.告诉某人某事;tell sh.(not)to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事 Parents often tell their children not to play on the road. 父母经常告诉他们的孩子不要在马路上玩耍.
四个“花费” cost “花费”,物作主语,常用结构为: sth. cost(s)(sb.)some money表示“某物花费(某人)多少钱” The dress cost me 50 dollars. 这件连衣裙花了我50美元.
spend “花费”,人作主语,常用结构为: sb. spend(s) some time/money on sth.表示“某人在某物上花费多少时间或金钱”;sb. spend(s)some time/money(in) doing sth.表示“某人花费多少时间或金钱做某事” She spent 100 yuan on a new dress. = She spent 100 yuan (in) buying the new dress. 她 花100元买了这条新连衣裙.
take “花费”,常用it作形式主语,其 结构为:It + takes(+sb.)+some time+to do sth.表示“做某事花费(某人)多少时间” It took me two hours to do my homework yesterday. 昨天做作业花了我两小时.
pay “支付,付钱”,人作主语,常用结构为:sb.pay(s)(some money)for sth.某人(为某物)支付多少钱 He paid 15 yuan for the book. 他花了15元买这本书.
两对“输、赢” lose “失去,丢失;输”,后接事物(game/match/prize/war...),表示 输了游戏／比赛／奖项／战争等;lose to sb.表示“输给某人” Tom lost to Mike in yesterday's match. 在昨天的比赛中汤姆输给了迈克.
fail “失败,未做成某事”,常用搭配有:fail in在······方面失败;常 用句型有:fail to do sth.未能做成某事 He failed in business.他经商失败了. He failed to get a job in the big company. 他没有在那个大公司获得工作.
beat “打败”,后面接人或某支队伍 Jack beat John to win the game. 杰克击败约翰赢得了比赛.
win “赢”,后接事物(game/match/ prize/war...),表示赢了游戏／比 赛／奖项／战争等 They are sure to win this basketball match. 他们肯定能打赢这场篮球赛.
3.常考动词短语辨析
(1)同一动词型.
短语 示例
come短语 come on 碰上;快点儿 come out 出现;出版 come over顺便来访 come along 出现;进展 come up with 提出,想出 come back回来 come up出现 come down流传下来 come in进来 come across(偶然)遇见(或发现) come true(希望、梦想等)实现
cut短语 cut down削减;砍倒 cut up切碎 cut in插嘴 cut into插嘴 打断 cut out删去;停止 cut off切断;停止
keep短语 keep on继续下去 keep out留在外面 keep away(使)不靠近 keep in留在里面 keep off使不接近 keep up with 跟上 keep in touch with和······保持联系
look 短语 look at看 look after 照顾;照料 look into 调查,观察 look out当心,留神 look up 查阅;查找 look for寻找 look around 环顾 look over把……看一遍 look through 浏览 look back回顾 look up to尊敬;钦佩 look forward to 盼望 look out for 留心守候 look like 看起来像
put短语 put up举起;搭建;张贴 put down写下;放下 put back把······放回原处 put into流入;驶入 put away放好 put on穿上;上演;增加 put out熄灭 put off推迟 put through 接通(电话)
turn短语 turn over翻身;(使)翻转 turn out结果证明是 turn on打开(电灯等)turn off关(电灯等)turn away把······拒之门外 turn up开大;调高 turn down调低,关小;拒绝 turn in拐弯进人 turn to求助于 turn around(使)转身
get 短语 get up起床 get on上车(船、飞机等)get off下车(船、飞机等)get down下来 get into进入;陷入 get to到达 get back回来
go短语 go on继续 go away走开;离开;消失 go ahead前进go along 向前行进 go by(时间)流逝 go over复习;仔细检查 go off爆炸;(警报等)响起 go down下去go up上升;增长go out 出去 go through 通过 go back返回
give短语 give up放弃 give in屈服;让步 give away捐赠;泄露give out散发,分发 give over将······交出 give back归还;恢复
take短语 take up占用;开始从事 take down录下;记下 take away带走;拿走 take off起飞;脱掉 take over接收;接管 take in吸收;陪同 take out拿出;除去;扣除 take care of 照顾 take place 举行;发生 take pride in以······为傲 take part in 参加 take after(在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像 take the place of 代替
(2)同一介词／副词型.
短语 示例
for短语 ask for 请求 care for关心;关怀 leave for 动身去 look for寻找 pay for为······付钱prepare for为······做准备 search for搜寻;寻找 send for 派人去请 stand for代表;象征 wait for 等待 thanks for因······而感谢
up短语 add up加起来;合计 bring up提出;养育,培养 cheer up使振奋 clean up清理;打扫 cut up切碎 call up打电话 dress up穿上盛装;装扮 eat up吃光 end up结束 fix up修理;修补 get up起床 give up放弃 grow up成长;长大 hurry up 赶快
out短语 blow out 吹灭 break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生;爆发 bring out使显现;使变得明显 carry out 执行;贯彻 come out出现;出版cut out切断;停止 find out查明;发现 give out分发 go out 出去
down短语 break down停止运转;出故障 calm down平静下来 cut down削减;砍倒 die down变弱;枝叶枯萎 fall down漂流而下 knock down拆除;撞倒;击倒 lie down躺下 pull down拆掉;推翻 put down 放下 sit down坐下 shut down 关闭;停下 turn down 调低 write down写下,记下
away 短语 blow away 驱散get away 离开;逃脱 give away赠送;泄露pass away去世put away 放好run away 逃跑 take away带走;拿走 throw away 扔掉
about短语 argue about争论 bring about带来;造成 care about关心;在意 hear about 听说 hang about 闲荡 talk about 谈论 think about考虑 worry about担心
at短语 aim at 瞄准;旨在 laugh at嘲笑 look at看 knock at敲 point at 指向 smile at冲······微笑 shout at对······大喊 throw...at把······对准······
off短语 cut off切断;停止 drop off掉下;下降 fall off减少;跌落 get off下车go off爆炸;发出巨响 pay off偿清(欠款等)put off 推迟 send off发送;邮寄 set off动身;起程 take off起飞;脱掉 turn off关掉
on短语 agree on就······达成共识 come on碰上;快点儿 depend on依靠;依赖 feed on以······为食 focus on集中于 hold on别挂电话;坚持 get on上车(船、飞机等)keep on继续前行 pass on传递 put on穿上;上演;增加 try on试穿turn on 打开 work on从事于;继续工作
with短语 agree with同意 begin with 以······开始 compare with与·····相比 connect with与······相连 catch up with 追上;赶上come up with 提出;想出 deal with解决;处理 go with与······协调 keep up with 赶上part with 向······告别 stay/keep in touch with与······保持联系 share with与······分享 talk with和······交谈
in短语 break in 非法强行闯人;插话 bring in引入 cheek in报到;登记 fill in填写 give in让步;屈服 hand in上交 take in吸收;收入 take pride in对······感到自豪
核心考点，各个击破
考点1动词辨析
例1(2022·安徽,21题,1分)
-You can________ between joining the dancing club and going to the chess club.
-I consider going to the chess club, for I like playing chess better.
A. decide B. guess C. hide D. wait
【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:-你可以在参加舞蹈俱乐部和象棋俱乐部之间做决定.-我考虑参加象棋俱乐部,因为我更喜欢下象棋.decide决定;guess猜测;hide隐蔽;wait等待.根据句意应选decide.答案:A
针对性练习1
1.Fresh food is good for you. But you have to________ it first because sometimes it is a little dirty.
A. taste B. smell C. wash D. plant
2. Lao She's Teahouse________ the changes in Chinese society over fifty years.
A. describes B. improves C. prepares D. corrects
3.I've________ the math exam twice. Can you give me a hand
A. failed B. changed C. succeeded D. covered
考点2动词短语辨析
例2(2022·河北,34题,1分)
-Michael, ________ this shirt.
-Oh, it looks nice on me!
A.try on B. put down C. take off D. throw away
【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析.句意:-迈克尔,试穿这件衬衫.-哦,我穿起来很好看！try on试穿;put down放下;
take off脱掉;throw away扔掉.根据“Oh, it looks nice on me!”可知,穿在身上很好看,所以应该指的是试穿一下这件衬衫.答案:A
针对性练习2
1.Life is a journey with trouble, but with care and wisdom you can________ any problem you face.
A. work out B. hand out C. find out D. put out
2. As time________, you'll come to think of English as your friend and love it.
A. goes by B. runs out C. takes off D. turns up
3.-Don't________ late, Mary. You have a singing competition tomorrow morning.
-OK, Dad, I'll go to bed right now.
A. dress up B. grow up C. stay up D.mix up
答案:
针对性练习1:1.C 2.A 3.A
针对性练习2:1.A 2.A 3.C
从模拟演练到实战操作
模拟演练
1.(2021·山西吕梁二模)Parents should let children________ home and find more about the world. After all, birds should fly freely in the sky!
A. leave B. enter C. reach
2.(2021·黑龙江哈尔滨一模)-Would you like me to________ tomorrow's train for you
-No, thanks. We've changed our trip plan.
A. book B. afford C. examine
3.(2021·河北唐山一模)It's windy outside. ________ your jacket, Alice. Don't catch a cold.
A. Try on B. Show off C. Take off D. Puit on
4.(2021·江西宜春一模)-Why have you read the poem so many times
-Because it________ me of my happy junior high school days.
A. cheats B. reminds C. provides D. discovers
5.(2021·广西柳州三模)Please________ the paper. Don't keep it on the floor.
A. pick up B. get up C. look up
6.(2021·湖南邵阳二模)We can________ the TV. Nobody is watching it.
A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down
7.(2021·福建福州模拟)-What did you do on World Water Day this year
-We________ signs to ask people to save water.
A. put away B. put up C. put off
8.(2021·辽宁沈阳二模)Is this your necklace, Mary I________ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
A. came across B. dealt with C. looked after D. went for
9.(2021·山东济南模拟)-These problems are too hard to________. Could you give me some advice
-There are many ways. The most important one is to have a careful plan.
A. look out B. hand out C. work out D. take out
10.(2021·黑龙江大庆一模)On 21st May, 2020,quite a few flights from Haikou didn't________ on time because of the heavy storm.
A. put off B. take off C. come out D. get through
11.(2021·河北保定一模)I got up early this morning to________ my grandma at the airport.
A. pick up B. put up C. turn up D. look up
答案:
1.A
2.A【解析】本题考查动词辨析.book预订(座位);afford买得起;examine检查.根据“train”和“trip plan”可知,此处表示“预订火车座位”.
3.D【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析.句意:外面在刮风,穿上你的夹克,艾丽斯.别感冒了.try on试穿;show off炫耀;take off脱下;put on穿上.根据“It's windy outside.”和“Don't catch a cold.”可知,为了不因受凉而感冒,此句应建议艾丽斯要把夹克穿上.
4.B【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:－你为什么把这首诗读了那么多遍 －因为它让我想起了我快乐的初中时光.cheats欺骗;reminds提醒,使想起;provides提供;discovers 发现.remind sb. of sth.短语,意为“使某人想起某事”.
5.A 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.C
10.B【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析.句意:2020年5月21日,海口多架航班因暴风雨未能准时起飞.put off推迟;take off起飞;come out出版;get through 通过.根据“because of the heavy storm”可知航班因为暴风雨而未能准时起飞,应用take off.
11.A
真题演练
1.(2021·山东菏泽)-Is anything worth seeing in Xi'an
-Yes. Don't________ the amazing Terracotta Army.
A. offer B. miss C. share
2.(2021·黑龙江龙东)It________ Zhang Guimei many years to help about 1,800 girl students in poor areas realize their college dreams.
A. took B. spent C. cost
3.(2021·江苏盐城)Alice often________ the fun of doing DIY with us. She is so creative!
A. shares B. provides C. makes D. gives
4.(2021·湖北襄阳)-Why does our chemistry teacher often________ her
-Because she gets full marks in chemistry every time.
A. praise B. forget C. control D. hurt
5.(2021·福建)-I haven't________ your phone number yet. Could you say it again
-Certainly. It's 8250-2336.
A. put up B. written down C. thrown away
6.(2021·湖南岳阳)It's impolite to________ anyone with your chopsticks.
A. look at B. point at C. arrive at
7.(2021·湖北武汉)The official newspaper________ the news of Tiangong-1,for it took a big step forward into space.
A. heard B. checked C. believed D. celehrated
8.(2021·安徽)We should________ the friendship that we have developed in the past years.
A. value B. change C. make D.win
9.(2021·江西)These beautiful animals are endangered. We must________ them.
A. save B. show C. stop D. catch
10.(2021·海南)-What are you going to be when you________
-I want to be a doctor like Wu Mengchao.
A. grow up B. turn up C. get up
11.(2021·湖北襄阳)-Jim, please help me________ the tent.
-OK. I'm coming. It's exciting to sleep in it tonight.
A. get on B. get off C. pull down D. put up
12.(2021·江苏连云港)Wait politely, please. Don't________ on others.
A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut short
13.(2021·贵州黔东南)Our government is looking for some ways, including the 3-child policy(政策)to________ the problem of ageing population(人口老龄化).
A. agree with B. start with C. compare with D. deal with
14.(2021·山东临沂)The minute the alarm clock________, I got up and took a quick shower.
A. went by B. went out C. went off
15.(2021·江苏南通)-Honey, could you help me________ the picture of colorful balloons from the paper
-OK, Mom. I'm coming!
A. cut out B. carry out C. turn out D. work out
答案:
1.B【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:－西安有值得一看的东西吗 －有,不要错过神奇的兵马俑.offer提议;miss错过;share分享.根据答语中的“Yes”,推断后一句句意为“不要错过神奇的兵马俑”.
2.A【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:张桂梅多年来在贫困地区帮助了大约1800名女生实现了她们的大学梦.句式结构:It takes sb. some time to do sth.
3.A【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:艾丽斯经常和我们分享DIY的乐趣,她相当有创造力！share分享;provide 提供;make制造;give给.空格后的“fun”提示和动词share构成动宾短语,“分享乐趣”符合句意.
4.A【解析】本题考查动词辨析.praise表扬;forget忘记;control控制;hurt伤害.根据下文语境提示“she gets full marks”可判断,老师经常表扬她.
5.B【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析.句意:－我还没有记下你的电话号码,你能再说一遍吗 －当然,8250-2336.put up举起,搭建;written down记下,写下;thrown away扔掉.根据“你能再说一遍吗 ”和答语推知前面意为“我还没记下你的电话号码”.
6.B【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析.句意:用筷子指着别人是不礼貌的.look at看着;point at指着;arrive at到达.由“with your chopsticks”可知,此处表示“指着”.
7.D【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:官方报纸庆祝“天宫一号”的消息,因为它朝着进入太空向前迈出了一大步.hear听到;check检查;believe相信;celebrate祝贺.由后面的“for it took a big step forward into space”可知,此处指的是“庆贺“天宫一号”成功进入太空”.
8.A
9.A【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:这些美丽的动物濒临灭绝,我们必须挽救它们.save挽救;show展示;stop停止;catch抓住.
10.A【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析.句意:－你长大之后想成为什么样的人呢 －我想成为像吴孟超一样的医生.grow up长大;turn up开大;get up起床.根据答语“I want to be a doctor...”可知,上句应是询问对方“长大后”想成为什么样的人.
11.D【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析.get on上车;off下车,pull down 拆掉;put up搭建,挂起.根据语境可知是“帮助我搭建帐篷”.
12.A【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析.句意:请礼貌等待,不要插嘴.cut in 插嘴;cut down砍倒,砍伐;cut out 切去;cut short剪短,缩短.只有cut in符合题意.
13.D【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析.句意:我们的政府正在寻找一些解决人口老龄化问题的方法,包括三孩政策.agree with同意;start with 从······开 始;compare with 与······相比;deal with解决.只有deal with符合题意.
14.C【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析.句意:闹钟一响,我就起床快速冲了个澡.went by(时间)流逝;went out外出;went off(闹钟)发出响声.由句意可知,此处应表达闹钟“发出响声”.
15.A【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析.句意:－－亲爱的,你能帮我从纸上剪下彩色气球的图片吗 －好的,妈妈.我来了！cut out剪下;carry out执行;turn out结果是;work out解决.