专题三冠词-2023年初中英语中考复习专项突破（含解析）

专题三 冠词
一对一“梳理”知识点
高效复习法
冠词用于名词之前,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物.冠词属于虚词,不能脱离名词单独使用,不能单独充当句子成分.在英语中,冠词分为不定冠词(a和an)和定冠词(the)两种.不定冠词一般用于单数名词前,表示泛指;定冠词既可修饰可数名词(单复数均可),又可修饰不可数名词,表示特指.在解答考查冠词的试题时,可以从这三方面着手:①首先可根据语境,对冠词进行翻译,a/an通常表示“一”;the表示“这个,那个;这些,那些”.若空格后的名词为特指,用定冠词the;若空格后的名词为泛指,用不定冠词a/an.②其次,若确定用不定冠词,则要根据空格后名词开头的读音音素选择a或an. a用在读音以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前;an用在读音以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前.③同时也应注意固定搭配,掌握冠词的习惯用法和固定词组中是否用冠词或用什么冠词的方法.
知识突破
知识点1不定冠词
一、定义:不定冠词a和an用于泛指首次提到的、不限定的人或事物,与可数名词单数连用,表示某类人或物的一个.
二、用法
1.不定冠词a, an的基本用法
用法 示例
用于第一次提到的某人或某物前 This is a useful book.这是一本有用的书.
用于可数名词单数前,泛指某一类人或事物,无具体意义 A horse runs very fast.马跑得快.
表示数量“-”,但不强调数的观念,只说明名词为不特定者,即不具体说明是何人或何物 A girl is looking for you.一个女孩在找你.
用在序数词前,表示“又一,再一” If I fail this time, I will try a second time. 如果这次我失败了,我会再次尝试.
用在重量、长度、时间等单位名词前,表示“每一”,相当于every once a week一周一次
用于某些不可数名词前表示数量“一次;一阵;一份;一类”等 He was caught in a heavy rain. 他遇上了一场大雨.
用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前 a knife and fork一副刀叉
2.不定冠词与what/such/quite/how/so/too等词一起修饰名词的顺序
(1)what/such/quite+ a/an +adj.+ n.“多么／如此／相当······的·····”.例如:
What a heavy rain it is!多么大的一场雨啊！
Tom is quite a good friend.汤姆是个相当好的朋友.
Mary is such a clever girl.玛丽是一个如此聪明的女孩.
(2)how/so/too+adj.+a/an+n.“多么／如此／太·····的······”.例如:
How nice a day it is!多么美好的一天啊！
The teacher set so difficult a math problem that none of us could work it out.
老师出了一道很难的数学题,我们都没有做出来.
This is too hard a situation to cope with.这种情况太棘手了,无法应付.
3.含有a的常见固定搭配
take a photo 拍照 pay a visit 拜访 have a look 看一看
have a cold 患感冒 have a try 试一试 have a talk 谈话
have a walk 散步 have a rest 休息 take a bus 乘坐公交车
keep a diary 记日记 have a good/great time 玩得愉快 in a word 总而言之
a few几个 a little一点儿 a lot of 许多
a kind of一种 a number of 许多 in a hurry 匆忙
for a while一会儿 twice a day/month/year一天／月／年两次
三、不定冠词a, an的区别
a用在读音以辅音音素开头的单词前 a teacher, a desk
an用在读音以元音音素开头的单词前 an apple, an interesting story
1.判断一个名词前用a还是an,是根据其读音,而不是根据其首字母,如 an hour, an honest man, a European.
2.26个英文字母中,读音以元音音素开头的字母要特别记:a, e, f, h, i,1,m,n,o,r,s,xo
3.要注意区别以“u”开头的单词
(1)当“u”发/N/音时,单词前用an,如an umbrella; an unhappy day.
(2)当“u”发/ju/音时,单词前用a,如 a university; a useful book.
知识点2定冠词
一、定义:定冠词用于特指,可以指上文已提到的人或事物,也可以指说话双方都知道的人或事物,既可修饰可数名词(单复数均可),又可修饰不可数名词.
二、用法
1.定冠词the的基本用法
用法 示例
特指某人或某物 The book on the desk is mine.书桌上的那本书是我的.
指双方都知道的人或事物 Jack, close the window, please.杰克,请把窗户关上.
指上文提到过的人或事物 She has a bag. The bag is black.她有一个书包,这个书包是黑色的.
用在序数词、形容词最高级前以及对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级前 The third one is carrying the fewest of all.第三个拿的是最少的. He is the younger of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中较年轻的一个.
用在世上独一无二的事物名词前 The sun is bigger than the earth.太阳比地球大.
用在山脉、江河、海洋、群岛、沙漠等名词前,或由普通名词构成的专有名词前 Have you ever been to the Red Sea 你去过红海吗 We visited the Great Wall yesterday.昨天我们参观了长城.
用在姓氏复数形式之前,表示“某某一家”或“某某夫妇” The Greens are watching TV.格林一家正在看电视.
用在乐器名词前 I can play the piano.我可以弹钢琴.
用在少数名词化的形容词前,表示一类人或事物 We should care for the old.我们应该照顾老人.
用在表示方向位置的名词前 Birds come back from the south in spring.春天鸟儿从南方飞回来.
用在可数名词单数前表示一类人或事物 The tiger is a fierce animal.老虎是一种凶猛的动物.
用在逢十的复数数词前,表示年代、大体年龄 in the 1880s在19世纪80年代 in his forties 在他40多岁时
用在next, last, same, only等词前 Much to her surprise he came back the next day. 让她非常吃惊的是他第二天就回来了. Money is the only thing that matters to them. 对他们来说,钱是唯一重要的东西.
2.含有定冠词the的常见固定搭配
in the end最后 in the daytime 在白天
by the way顺便说一下 at the same time 同时
in the middle of...在······中间 make the bed 铺床
all the time一直 at the age of...在······岁时
3.all/half/both/double +the+ n.
All the information is true.所有的信息都是真的.
Half the car was damaged.车子毁了一半.
Both the girls are interested in music.这两个女孩都对音乐感兴趣.
I offered him double the amount, but he still refused.我给他双倍的钱,但他还是拒绝了.
知识点3零冠词
一、定义:零冠词主要指名词前面没有不定冠词(a, an)、也没有定冠词(the)的现象.
二、用法
用法 示例
某些专有名词,如人名、地名、国名前 China 中国,Beijing北京,Mary玛丽
不可数名词表泛指时 Wood can be used to make paper.木材可以用来造纸.
名词前已有作定语的指示代词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等修饰时 Pass me that book.请递给我那本书.
复数名词前,指一类人或事物 Elephants live on land.大象生活在陆地上.
星期、月份、季节和节日名称前 June 1st is Children's Day.六月一日是儿童节.
三餐、球类运动、学科、语言名词前 What do you have for lunch 你午饭吃什么
由介词by引导的交通工具名词前 We traveled by plane.我们乘飞机旅游.
在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前 This is Uncle Wang.这是王叔叔.
用在“专有名词＋普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的名词前 Nanjing Road 南京路 Hainan Island海南岛
三、一些词组有定冠词和无定冠词的区别
go to school 去上学(是学生) go to the school到学校去(不一定是学生)
at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁
at school 在上学 at the school 在学校里
in class在上课 in the class 在班级里
in front of...在······(外部的)前面 in the front of在······(内部的)前面
by sea乘船 by the sea 在海边
in hospital 在住院 in the hospital 在医院
next year 明年 the next year 第二年
go to bed 就寝 go to the bed 向床走去
核心考点，各个击破
考点1不定冠词
例1(2022·湖南怀化,1题,1分)As we know, Singapore is_________ Asian country.
A. a B. an C. the
【解析】本题考查不定冠词的用法.句意:我们知道,新加坡是一个亚洲国家.不定冠词an表泛指,用于读音以元音音素开头的单词前;不定冠词a表泛指,用于读音以辅音音素开头的单词前;定冠词the,表特指.此处表示一个亚洲国家,表泛指,且Asian是读音以元音音素开头的单词,故其前加不定冠词an.答案:B
针对性练习1
1.If you work hard, you'll get_________ “A” in the exam.
A. a B. an C. the D./
2.Mom bought me_________ MP3 for my birthday last Sunday.
A. the B. an C./ D. a
3.-What do you want to be in the future, Lucy
-I want to be_________ policewoman. It is exciting job.
A. a; a B. a; an C. a; the D. the; an
考点2定冠词
例2(2021·山东菏泽,21题,1分)
-What's the most important tradition in Chinese family
-I think it's to respect_________ old and love young.
A. an; the B. an; a C. the; the
【解析】本题考查定冠词的用法.根据问句“What's the most important tradition in Chinese family ”可知,答句句意为“我认为是尊老爱幼”.表达一类人应用“定冠词＋形容词”结构.答案:C
针对性练习2
1. _________ man under the big tree is my cousin Tony.
A.A B. An C. The D./
2.After_________ earthquake, there was just a single building still standing in the neighborhood.
A. the B. an C. a D./
3. Last July, I went to Beijing to visit Uncle Zhang. He took me to many places of interest, such as_________ Summer Palace.
A. a B. an C. the D./
考点3零冠词
例3(2021·吉林长春,11题,1分)
Tom thinks playing_________ basketball is a good way to relax himself.
A. a B. an C. the D./
【解析】本题考查零冠词的用法.句意:汤姆认为打篮球是放松自己的好方法.球类运动前不加任何冠词,play basketball“打篮球”.答案:D
针对性练习3
1.She learned to play_________ chess all by herself.
A. a B. an C. the D./
2. It's ten p.m. now. Time to go to_________ bed.
A. a B. an C./ D. the
3.-It is reported that the 5G network lets people download and upload faster than before.
-What_________ amazing news!
A. a B. the C. an D./
答案:
针对性练习1:1.B 2.B 3.B
针对性练习2:1.C 2.A 3.C
针对性练习3:1.D 2.C 3.D
从模拟演练到实战操作
模拟演练
1.(2021·重庆南岸区一模)I often have_________ breakfast at 7:00 in the morning.
A. a B. an C. the D./
2.(2021·上海浦东新区模拟)Molly noticed that there was_________ unusual box in her garden.
A. a B. an C. the D./
3.(2021·山东济南二模)-Look! There is_________ cat under the tree.
-Wow! How lovely it is!
A. a B. an C. the D./
4.(2021·吉林长春一模)My little brother is_________ honest boy who loves animals very much.
A. a B. an C. the D./
5.(2021·浙江温州一模)-Mr. Green, can I take part in the school talent show
-Sure. I will put you in_________ name list.
A. a B. an C. the D./
6.(2021·江苏盐城模拟)This woman, _________ actress, played_________ lead role in the film.
A./;an B. an; the C. a; the D. the; an
7.(2021·甘肃金昌二模) _________ boy in a black hat is my brother. He often plays_________ chess with my friends.
A. A; the B. The;/ C. The; a D.A;/
8.(2022·黑龙江双鸭山模拟)-Who is_________ man in front of the school gate
-Mr. Black, our new headteacher.
A. a B. an C. the D./
9.(2021·黑龙江大庆一模)-What_________ great program it is!
-Yeah .It really tells us how to play_________ violin well.
A. a; the B. an; the C. an; a D. a;/
10.(2021·天津西青区模拟)He took_________ name Mark Twain and became very famous in_________ 1860s.
A. an; the B. a; the C. the; the D. the;/
答案:
1.D【解析】本题考查零冠词的用法.句意:我经常在早上7点吃早餐.a是不定冠词,表泛指,用于读音以辅音音素开头的单词前;an是不定冠词,表泛指,用于读音以元音音素开头的单词前;the是定冠词,表特指.此处表示吃早餐,三餐前不用冠词.
2.B【解析】本题考查不定冠词的用法.句意:莫莉注意到她的花园里有一个不寻常的盒子.此处表示“一个不寻常的盒子”,表泛指,且unusual读音以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an修饰.
3.A【解析】本题考查不定冠词的用法.句意:－看！那儿有一只猫在树底下.－哇！它太可爱了！a表示泛指的“一个”,用于读音以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前面;an表示泛指的“一个”,用于读音以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前面;the表示特指.这里是“一只猫”,用不定冠词,且cat读音以辅音音素开头,故填a.
4.B【解析】本题考查不定冠词的用法.句意:我的弟弟是一个诚实的男孩,他非常喜欢动物.a表泛指,后接读音以辅音音素开头的单词;an表泛指,后接读音以元音音素开头的单词;the表特指.此处表泛指,“honest”是读音以元音音素开头的单词,应用an.
5.C 6.B 7.B
8.C【解析】本题考查定冠词和不定冠词的用法.句意:学校门口前面的男人是谁 －布莱克先生,我们的新校长.a是不定冠词,表示泛指,用在读音以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前;an是不定冠词,表示泛指,用在读音以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前.the是定冠词,表示特指.根据“in front of the school gate”可知,此处表示特指,前面加定冠词
9.A
10.C【解析】本题考查定冠词的用法.句意:他取了“马克·吐温”这个名字,并在19世纪60年代扬名.第一个空特指“Mark Twain”这个名字,因此用定冠词the;第二个空是固定短语in the 1860s,表示“在19世纪60年代”.
真题演练
1.(2021·山东临沂)Everyone knows now that plastic pollution is_________ huge problem for the environment.
A. a B. an C./
2.(2021·湖南郴州)-We have worked for a long time.
-Yeah, let's go out for a walk. It is_________ useful way to relax.
A. a B. an C. the
3.(2021·四川成都)Everyone needs to know_________ importance of rubbish sorting(分类).
A. an B./ C. the
4.(2021·江苏淮安)I always run for half_________ hour every day to keep fit.
A. a B. an C. the D./
5.(2021·辽宁朝阳)-What do you think of_________ trip to Fenghuang Mountain
-Wonderful! We all had_________ good time.
A. the; a B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the
6.(2021·江苏扬州)As_________ teacher, it's important to be_________ good role model for his students.
A. the; a B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the
7.(2021·广西百色)I usually have_________ breakfast at 7 o'clock, and I had_________ big breakfast this morning.
A./;a B. a; a C./;the D. a; the
8.(2021·湖北黄石)France is_________ European country, and I visited_________ country three years ago.
A. an; the B. a; the C. an; a D. the; the
9.(2021·江苏南通)My family have_________ breakfast together every day. This helps us start a day well.
A./ B. a C. an D. the
10.(2021·湖南益阳)-Becky, do you know_________ woman there
-Oh, she is my neighbor. She is_________ excellent volunteer.
A. an; an B. the; an C. the; the
11.(2021·天津)This is_________ story of friendship. Let's read_________ story together.
A. a; an B. an; the C. an; a D. a; the
12.(2021·福建)-Yuan Longping was_________ great scientist.
-So he was. He made great contributions to human beings.
A. a B. an C. the
答案:
1.A【解析】本题考查不定冠词的用法.句意:现在大家都知道塑料污染对环境是一个大问题.空格处表达“一个”,应用不定冠词,空后huge的读音是以辅音音素开头,应用a.
2.A【解析】本题考查不定冠词的用法.句意:－我们工作了很长时间.－是呀,我们出去散步吧.这是一个有效的放松方法.表示“一个”是泛指,用不定冠词;useful是读音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a.
3.C【解析】本题考查定冠词的用法.句意:每个人都需要知道垃圾分类的重要性.定冠词the特指双方都知道的垃圾分类的重要性.
4.B
5.A【解析】本题考查定冠词和不定冠词的用法.句意:－你觉得凤凰山之旅怎么样 －－好极了！我们都玩得很开心.第一个空,问话人特指那趟凤凰山之旅,用定冠词the.第二个空,have a good time是固定短语,应用a.
6.C【解析】本题考查不定冠词的用法.句意:作为一名教师,重要的是要成为他的学生的好榜样.根据句意,本题都表示泛指的“一”,空格后的“teacher”与“good”都是读音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词a.
7.A【解析】本题考查零冠词和不定冠词的用法.句意:我通常在7点钟吃早餐,我今天早上吃了一顿丰盛的早餐.三餐前不加冠词;在表示“一顿丰盛的早餐”时,形容词big前加表泛指的不定冠词a.
8.B【解析】本题考查不定冠词和定冠词的用法.句意:法国是一个欧洲国家,三年前我参观过这个国家.由句意可知,第一空表泛指,且European的读音以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a修饰;第二空表特指,需用定冠词the修饰.
9.A
10.B【解析】本题考查定冠词和不定冠词的用法.句意:－贝姬,你认识那边那个女人吗 －哦,她是我的邻居,是一名优秀的志愿者.第一空有“there”修饰,表特指,用定冠词the;第二空表泛指,有数量“一”的意思,用不定冠词.因excellent的读音以元音音素开头,所以用an.
11.D 12.A