新人教版必修第三册Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅡReadingandThinking学生用书（有答案）

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
每/日/金/句：Through space exploration, we human beings may uncover the unknown resources of the universe.　通过太空探索，我们人类可能会发现宇宙中未知的资源。
课前预习设计
自读课文　疏通文脉大意
Task 1文本整体理解：理清文章架构
1.What's the main idea of the passage
A．Only scientists want to learn the secret of space.
B．China ranks the first in exploring space.
C．Mankind have been exploring space despite the huge risks.
D．People are prevented from exploring space because of disasters.
2．Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
Task 2文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节理解
Read the text on Pages 40－41 carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．What had happened before the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched
A．Quite a few severe accidents had killed some astronauts.
B．Many experiments on rockets had been carried out.
C．Yuri Gagarin had got well prepared to fly into space.
D．America's NASA had made great research on rockets.
2．What's the attitude to the space exploration according to the author
A．Supportive. B．Neutral.
C．Objective. D．Negative.
3．What was one giant leap for mankind
A．The Sputnik 1 satellite was launched and orbited around Earth.
B．Yuri Gagarin went into space on 12 April 1961.
C．America's NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977.
D．American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon on 20 July 1969.
4．How does the author support the theme of the text
A．By giving examples.
B．By stating arguments.
C．By explaining statistical data.
D．By providing research results.
Task 3文本理解：续写佳句
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe the mood. (细读短文并找出心理描写的句子)
(1)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(2)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe the benefits of the space exploration. (细读短文并找出太空探索的好处的句子)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
精读课文　疏通理解障碍
[原文呈现]
SPACE：THE FINAL FRONTIER
“Are we alone？What's out there？”Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists work hard to find answers[1]. They make vehicles① to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe. They__also__really__wish__to__discover__other__planets__that__are__suitable__enough__to__support__life.
[1]本句是由and连接的并列句。现在分词短语Looking up at the stars在句中作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句When they are looking up at the stars。第一个分句运用了现在完成时，表示人们从过去到现在一直以来的愿望。
Before the mid 20th century，most people felt travelling into space was an impossible dream[2]. However，some scientists were determined② to help humans realise their dream to explore space. After__many__experiments,__they__succeeded__in__making__rockets__that__could__escape__Earth's__gravity. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth.Afterwards, the USSR focused on③ sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space[3].Over eight years later，on 20 July 1969，American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon，famously saying，“That's one small step for [a] man，one giant④ leap⑤ for mankind[4].”Following this，many more goals were achieved.For example，America's NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977 to study deep space, and it still transmits⑥data today.
[2]本句是复合句。felt后是省略了that的宾语从句，该从句中动词 ing短语travelling into space作主语。
[3]此处为“the＋序数词＋名词＋动词不定式”结构。
[4]这是1969年美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登月成功时所说的一句名言，充分表达出这次登月成功是人类太空探索的重要里程碑。
Although__scientists__try__to__make__sure__nothing__goes__wrong,__accidents__can__still__happen. All the astronauts on the USSR's Soyuz 11 and America's Challenger died during their missions. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed⑦[5]，but the desire⑧ to explore the universe never died. This is because people believe in⑨ the importance of carrying on⑩ space exploration despite the huge risks . An example of this ongoing work is the International Space Station.It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board ， providing a continuous human presence in space.
[5]此处为“ make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
China's space programme started later than those of Russia and the US，but it has made great progress in a short time.China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk，followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.After that，China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to dock with it. This signalled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future[6].More recently，China has sent Chang'e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.
[6]不定式短语to establish a space station in the future在句中作后置定语，修饰China's plan。
The__future__of__space__exploration__remains__bright.Europe, the US, and China all have plans to further study and explore planets like Mars and Jupiter.Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.
[读文清障]
①vehicle/'vi kl/n.
交通工具；车辆
motor vehicles机动车辆
②determined/d 't m nd/adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
be determined to do sth.决定/决心做某事
③focus on集中注意力/精力于……
④giant/'d a nt/
adj.巨大的；伟大的
n．巨人；巨兽；伟人
⑤leap/li p/n.跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi. &vt.跳过；跃过(leapt，leapt/lept/或leaped，leaped)
Look before you leap.三思而后行。
⑥transmit/tr ns'm t/
vt. &vi.传输；发送
⑦disappointed
/ d s 'p nt d/adj.
失望的；沮丧的
⑧desire/d 'za (r)/n.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望
⑨believe in sth.相信某事物存在，认为某事正确或有价值
believe in sb.信赖，信任，相信某人会成功
⑩carry on继续做，坚持干
risk/risk/n.危险，风险
ongoing/' nɡ /
adj.(一般位于名词前)持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的
an ongoing debate/discussion/process持续的辩论/讨论/过程
on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
independently
/ nd 'pend ntli/
adv.独立地；自立地
independent adj.独立的；自立的
be independent of
不依靠……
independence n．独立；自主，自立
dock/d k/vi. &vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港 n．码头；船坞
dock with...
与……对接
signal/'s ɡn l/
vt. &vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志
measurement
/'me m nt/n.
尺寸，长度，数量；测量，度量
Mars/mɑ z/n.火星,
[参考译文]
太空：最后的边境
“我们是孤家寡人吗？外面还有什么呢？”仰望星空，人们一直想要更加深刻地认识太空，科学家们也在努力寻找答案。他们研制出飞行器，将勇敢者送入太空，去探寻宇宙的奥秘。他们也十分希望发现足够适合维持生命存在的其他行星。
二十世纪中叶之前，大部分人认为在太空旅行是一个无法实现的梦。然而，一些科学家下定决心要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。很多次实验之后，他们成功制造出能够摆脱地球引力的火箭。1957年10月4日，“旅伴一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空，并成功环绕地球运行。之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。八年多后，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗于1969年7月20日踏上月球，说出了那句名言：“对一个人来说那是一小步；对人类来说却是一大步。”此后，诸多其他目标得以实现。例如，为了研究外太空，美国国家航空与航天局于1977年9月5日发射“旅行者一号”，该探测器至今仍在传输数据。
虽然科学家们极力确保万无一失，但事故仍时有发生。苏联的“联盟11号”和美国的“挑战者号”航天飞机的宇航员们在执行任务时全部遇难。这些灾难使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，探索宇宙的欲望永不磨灭。这是因为尽管风险巨大，人类还是坚信继续太空探索极为重要。航天事业持续发展，国际空间站(的建立)就是一个例子。空间站环绕地球运行，其宇航员来自不同国家，空间站使得人类能够持续在太空中开展工作。
中国的太空项目起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，但在短时间内发展迅速。2003年，杨利伟搭乘“神舟五号”飞船成功环绕地球轨道飞行，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。之后，“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行和中国人的第一次太空漫步。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车飞抵月球，开展月球表面研究。在那之后，中国发射“天宫二号”空间实验室进入太空，再发射“天舟一号”与之对接。这标志着中国未来建设空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。不久之前，中国发射“嫦娥四号”，对月球背面进行测量和观察。
太空探索的未来仍然是光明的。欧洲、美国及中国都已制订计划，将进一步研究和探索火星、木星等行星。尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，还能帮助我们在未来更好地生存。
　　　　
自查语基　落实基本知能
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．make ________ to carry people 制造载人的交通工具
2．the secrets of the ________ 宇宙的秘密
3．weather ________ 气象卫星
4．________ a satellite 发射一颗卫星
5．________ around Earth 绕地球运转
6．a________ of a man 一个巨人
7．create ________ 创造人类
8．travel________ 旅行社
9．transmit ________ 传输数据
10．have a strong________ to explore the universe 有很强的探索宇宙的欲望
11．________ task 进行中的任务
12．Shenzhou 5 ________ 神舟五号飞船
13．the first Chinese ________ 中国首次太空行走
14．a warning ________ 报警信号
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．①________ to be an explorer 决定做一个探索者
②be ________ (adj.) to help humans 下决心帮助人类
③show your ________ (n.) 展示你的决心
2．①operate ________ 独立运作
②an ________ (adj.) country 一个独立国家
③gain ________ (n.) 获得独立
3．①________ a signal 传输一个信号
②________(n.) of information 信息的传递
③________(n.) of the rumor 谣言的传播者
4．①make everyone sad and ________ 使每一个人伤心和失望
②________ (v.) your supporters 使你的支持者失望
③to my ________(n.) 令我失望的是
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 继续做；坚持干
2．________________ 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．________________ 抱着……的希望
4．________________ 为了；以便
5．look up at ________________
6．find out ________________
7．believe in ________________
构词规律
1.名词后缀“ ity”，表示“性质， 状态， 程度”
diverse adj.→diversity　n．差异， 不同， 多样性
minor adj.→minority n．少数民族， 少数派/人
able adj.→ability n．能力
possible adj.→possibility n．可能性
real adj.→reality n．现实， 真实
2．“动词 ＋about”构成动词短语
bring about　　　　导致；引起
talk about 谈论
set about 着手做
learn about 了解
care about 关心；在乎
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．[句型]动词不定式作后置定语
[教材]Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world ________________．
之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
2．[句型]make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[教材]These disasters ________________， but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难使人倍感伤心与失望，但是， 探索宇宙的欲望永不磨灭。
3．[句型]This is because...为because引导的表语从句
[教材]________________________people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险，人们仍然坚信进行太空探索的重要性。
Ⅴ.理清复杂句式
1．These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.
[分析]
These disasters made__everyone__sad__and__disappointedmake＋宾语＋宾补，
butbut连接并列句 the desire to explore the universe never died.
[翻译]　________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.
[分析]
Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed__by__the__vehicle过去分词短语作状语 Jade Rabbit being__sent__to__the__moon现在分词短语作定语to__study__its__surface动词不定式短语作目的状语．
[翻译]　________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
课堂提升素养
探究新知　发展语言知识
1(教材P40)However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.然而，一些科学家下定决心要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。
◎determined adj.坚决的；有决心的；意志坚定的
　　　　
(1)be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态)
(2)determine v. 确定；决定；下定决心
determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作)
determine on/upon (doing) sth.
决定(做)某事
(3)determination n. 决心；决定
[佳句]　He made up his mind to study abroad, so he was buried in books, determined to improve his English. 他下定决心去国外学习，所以他就埋头看书，决心提高英语水平。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①I have determined ________ going to the countryside after graduating from college.
②Helen was a strong girl and she finally achieved her dream with great ________ (determine)．
[写美]——一句多译
随着母亲节的临近，双胞胎决定为他们深爱的母亲准备一顿美味的早餐。[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写]
③With Mother's Day drawing near, the twins ________________a delicious breakfast for their beloved mother.
④With Mother's Day approaching, the twins ________________ a delicious breakfast for their beloved mother.
⑤With Mother's Day around the corner, the twins ________________ a delicious breakfast for their beloved mother.
2(教材P40)On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth.
1957年10月4日，“旅伴一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空，并成功环绕地球运行。
◎launch vt. &n．发射；发起；上市
　　　　
launch an activity 发起一项活动
launch a satellite 发射一颗卫星
[佳句]　This campaign launched by our school is to be held in our school on January 18, 2023.
我们学校发起的这项运动将于2023年1月18号举行。
[写美]——应用文佳句
①政府发起了一项活动，来提高人们关注我们传统文化的意识。
The government________________________ paying attention to our traditional cultures.
②中国的神舟13号载人飞船于2021年10月16日发射升空。
China's Shenzhou 13 manned spaceship________________ on October 16, 2021.
3(教材P41)These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. 这些灾难使人倍感伤心与失望，但是， 探索宇宙的欲望永不磨灭。
◎句型公式：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
　　　　
“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”常见结构如下：
(1)make＋宾语＋adj.
(2)make＋宾语＋do
(3)make＋宾语＋done
[佳句]　What you said just now made me very angry.你刚才说的话使我很生气。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①She let me understand that making others feel good made me ________ (feel) good too.
②She tried her best to make herself________ (hear) clearly while delivering the speech.
[写美]——应用文佳句
③我爸爸开的卡车经常在路上抛锚，这让我爸爸遇到了麻烦。
The truck my dad drove often broke down on the way, ________________________．[2021·浙江卷6月，读后续写]
◎disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
　　　　
(1)be disappointed at... 因……感到失望
be disappointed to do sth. 做某事感到失望
(2)disappoint vt. 使失望
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
(3)disappointment n. 失望
to one's disappointment 使某人感到失望的是
in disappointment 失望地
＝disappointedly adv. 失望地
[佳句]　To his parents' disappointment, their disappointing son always makes them disappointedat his disappointing performance.
令他的父母失望的是，他们令人失望的儿子总是因他的令人失望的表现使他们失望。
[练通]——单句语法填空
④What ________ (disappoint) me most was that my father would always make me hand in all the money I earned. [2021·浙江，读后续写]
⑤To my great ________ (disappoint)，my father would always make me hand in all the money I earned.
⑥What made me most ________ (disappoint) was that my father would always make me hand in all the money I earned.
[写美]——读后续写之心理描写
⑦感到失望和无助，简跪了下去，悔恨的泪水从她的脸颊流淌了下来。
________________________， Jane knelt down, tears of regret streaming down her cheeks.
◎desire n．渴望；欲望　vt.渴望；期望
　　　　
(1)have a desire
(2)desire (sb.) to do sth.　　想要(某人)做某事
desire that... (should) do...
渴望……(应该)做……
[佳句]　I desire that you (should) join our club, as it is a great way to keep fit. 我希望你参加我们俱乐部， 因为这是一个很好的保持健康的方法。
[练通]——单句语法填空
⑧The people trapped in the ruins desire that rescue teams ________ (send)here without delay.
⑨Everyone has a desire ________ success while success only belongs to the hard working people.
＝ Everyone has a desire ________ (succeed) while success only belongs to the hard working people.
[写美]——读后续写佳句
⑩我渴望用我挣的钱买我所喜欢的东西，但是我父母希望我能够把钱补贴家用。
I ________________ what I liked with the money I had made，but my parents desired that I ________________________ my family's household.[2021·浙江卷，读后续写]
4(教材P41)This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.这是因为尽管风险巨大，人类还是坚信太空探索极为重要。
◎句型公式：This is because... 为because引导的表语从句。
　　　　
This/That is because... 这/那是因为……
This/That is why... 这/那就是……的原因
The reason why... is that... ……的原因是……
[佳句]　I won't go out today. This is because I am not feeling well.
今天我不出去了，因为我感觉不舒服。
[写美]——应用文佳句
①________________ I consider you the best choice to share inspiring books with us.
那就是我认为你是与我们分享励志书籍的最佳人选的原因。
②________________________ I am preparing performances for the coming National Day.
我不去那里的原因是我正在准备即将到来的国庆节表演。
◎carry on继续做，坚持干
　　　
(1)carry on with sth. 继续做某事
carry on doing sth. 继续做某事
(2)carry out 进行；贯彻；执行；实施
[佳句]　After the meal, the managers went back to the meeting room to carry on their discussion.吃完饭后，经理们回到会议室继续他们的讨论。
[练通]——单句语法填空
③You'll break down sooner or later if you carry ________working like that.
④The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if carried________ regularly, can improve our health.
[写美]——应用文佳句
⑤首先，为了在下次比赛中成功，我希望你继续练习你的英语口语。
Firstly, to succeed in the next competition, I desire that you ________________________．
5(教材P41)It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board, providing a continuous human presence in space.空间站环绕地球运行，其宇航员来自不同国家，空间站使得人类能够持续在太空中开展工作。
◎on board　在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
　　　　
go on board 上船(上火车； 上飞机)
go/get aboard (the ship/plane/train)
上(船/飞机/火车)
[佳句]　They were looking for someone on board who knew sign language.
他们正在寻找在飞机上懂手语的人。
[写美]——一句多译
六个月前，谢磊告别了她在中国的家人和朋友，登上了飞往伦敦的飞机。
①Six months ago Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and ______________ for London.
②Six months ago Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and ______________for London.
6(教材P41)This signalled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future.这标志着中国未来建设空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。
◎signal n．信号；标志vi. &vt. 标志着；标明；发信号
　　　　
(1)signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal (sb.) that 示意……
signal sth. to sb. 向某人示意……
(2)traffic signals 交通信号灯
[佳句]　When you come across the crossing, you should pay attention to the traffic signals.
当你过十字路口时，应该注意交通信号灯。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①The instructor signalled to us ________ (carry) on with our experiment.
②In our class, when the bell rang, it was ________ signal for everyone to stand up.
[写美]——应用文佳句
③正月十五是元宵节，标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。
The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, ______________________．
7(教材P41)Mankind is exploring space in the hope of finding out more about the universe.人类正在探索太空，希望对宇宙有更多的了解。
◎in the hope of doing sth. 抱着……的希望
　　　　
(1)in the hope that... 希望……(that引导同位语从句，进一步补充说明hope的具体内容)
(2)hope to do sth. 希望做某事
hope that... 希望做某事
[佳句]　We came to this small town in the hope of living a simple life.
我们来到这个小镇， 希望过一种简单的生活。
[写美]——一句多译
我写这封信，希望说服你不要再沉迷于线上游戏了。
①I am writing the letter ____________________ out of being addicted to online games any longer.
②I am writing the letter ____________________ you out of being addicted to online games any longer.
8(教材P41)Despite the huge risks though, people will always continue to explore this final frontier so as to learn its secrets.尽管有巨大的风险，但是人们会一直继续探索这片最终的疆域，以便了解它的秘密。
◎so as to (do sth.)为了；以便
　　　　
in order to 为了
so that 以便；为了
[佳句]　He often worked late into night so as to earn enough money.
为了挣足够的钱，他经常工作到深夜。
[写美]——一句多译
为了丰富我们的校园生活，我们学校于上周日组织了一次5公里的越野跑比赛。
①____________________________， our school organized a 5 km cross country running race last Sunday.
②Our school organized a 5 km cross country running race last Sunday ____________________________．
③Our school organized a 5 km cross country running race last Sunday ____________________________．
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
Part 1　课前预习设计
自读课文　疏通文脉大意
Task 1
1．C　2.①desire　②Accidents　③achievement　④future　⑤bright
Task 2
1．B　2.A　3.D　4.A
Task 3
1．(1)However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
(2)These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died.
2．Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future.
自查语基　落实基本知能
Ⅰ.
1．vehicles　2.universe　3.satellite　4.launch　5.orbit
6．giant　7.mankind　8.agency　9.data　10.desire
11．ongoing　12.spacecraft　13.spacewalk　14.signal
Ⅱ.
1．①determine　②determined　determination
2．①independently　②independent　③independence
3．①transmit　②transmission　③transmitter
4．①disappointed　②disappoint　③disappointment
Ⅲ.
1．carry on　2.on board　3.in the hope of doing sth.　4.so as to (do sth.)　5.抬头看；仰望　6.找出；查明　7.相信；信任
Ⅳ.
1．to go into space
2．made everyone sad and disappointed
3．This is because
Ⅴ.
1．这些灾难使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。
2．之后，“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行和中国人的第一次太空漫步。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车飞抵月球，开展月球表面研究。
Part 2　课堂提升素养
探究新知　发展语言知识
1．①on/upon　②determination　③were determined to prepare　④determined to prepare　⑤determined on/upon preparing
2．①launched an activity to raise people's awareness of　②was launched into space
3．①feel　②heard　③which made my dad in trouble
④disappointed　⑤disappointment　⑥disappointed
⑦Disappointed and helpless　⑧(should) be sent
⑨for; to succeed　⑩had a desire to buy; (should) contribute the money to
4．①That's why　②The reason why I will fail to go there is that　③on　④out　⑤should carry on practicing your oral English
5．①went on board a plane　②went aboard a plane
6．①to carry　②a　③signaling the end of the Spring Festival celebrations
7．①in the hope of arguing you　②in the hope that I can argue
8．①In order to enrich our campus life　②in order to/so as to enrich our campus life　③so that/in order that we could enrich our campus life
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