牛津译林版（2019）必修三U1 Nature in the balance Extended Reading(2) 语言点课件(共69张PPT，内镶嵌视频素材)

(共69张PPT)
Extended reading
News that Matters: pollution in Norgate
Unit 1 Nature in the balance
Video time: What can you observe in the video
Heavy industries
Lack of awareness on environmental protection
water pollution
Video time: What caused the pollution
Do you know any other kinds of environmental issues
air pollution
habitat loss
soil pollution
light pollution
global warming
noise pollution
overfishing
deforestation
Sandstorm
沙尘暴
Agricultural Chemicals
农药
Smog
烟雾 雾霾
Noise
噪音
Global Warming
全球变暖
Subhealthy
亚健康
What does the pollution
bring us
Prediction
2
Step
News that matters:
pollution in Norgate
Can you predict what will be talked about in the TV show
Prediction
2
Step
News that matters:
pollution in Norgate
How many people are there in the TV show and who are they
Can you guess what opinions they will hold
What are they
There are four people in the TV show
Host
Julie Archerr
James Smith
Vincent Brown
A local resident
Senior manager of a local factory
Head of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee
TV show
Reading Strategy
在采访类的文章中，采访者通常会在首段介绍采访的主题、受访者的姓名以及职业等。因此，要仔细阅读采访类文章的首段内容，并根据采访的主题猜测受访者的观点。
采访采取一问一答的形式展开。要先认真阅读采访者提出的问题，再阅读受访者的回答。在阅读采访类文章的时候，透彻理解采访者的问题有助于更好地理解采访话题。
1. What's the topic of the passage
2. What's the text type of the passage
Watch and answer
Pollution in Norgate.
A. Narration(记叙文)
B. Argumentative Essay（议论文）
C. Expository Writing（说明文）
D. TV show
News that Matters:
pollution in Norgate
Where is the passage probably taken from
A. A TV interview programme on pollution.
B. A magazine about environmental pollution.
C. A newspaper about investigation experiment.
D. A travel journal about Norgate.
Scan the TV passage and choose the best answer.
A
日记，期刊，日志
关于调查实验的报纸
关于污染的电视采访节目
关于环境污染的杂志
Appreciation
What's the style of this TV show transcript What is the function
of this style
It is organized in the form of a conversation.
Each person expresses his or her opinion in turn.
The host makes the decision who will be talking.
Appreciation
Read the host's words listed below and explore their functions.
Mr Smith protested against heavy industry.
A former UN official once said...It's our duty to build a human community with a shared future.
Mr Smith, you've lived in this city for over 20 years. How would you describe the effects of pollution over that time
① Introduce the topic ② Introduce the guests
③ Invite the guest to talk ④ Summarize the guest's opinion
Make a conclusion
⑤
Summarize the guest's opinion
Make a conclusion
Invite the guest to talk
Mr Brown, would you like to respond
Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident: Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee.
Mrs Archer, what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution
Our topic today is pollution in Norgate.
① Introduce the topic ② Introduce the guests
③ Invite the guest to talk ④ Summarize the guest's opinion
Make a conclusion
⑤
Invite the guest to talk
Invite the guest to talk
Introduce the guests
Introduce the topic
Language Points
local resident
dirty and smelly
a smoky grey
get rid of
protest against
connect ...with...
irresponsible businessmen
make huge profits
in defence of
1.当地居民
2.又脏又臭
3.烟灰色
4.摆脱
5.抗议
6.把...与...联系起来
7.不负责任的商人
8.获得巨大利润
9.为了维护...
10. point out
11. be deeply concerned about
12. take various measures
13. in the production process
14. raise production costs
15. draw one's attention to
16. economic benefits/development
10. 指出
11.对...深表关切
12.采取各种措施
13.在生产过程中
14.增加生产成本
15.引起某人关注...
16.经济利益/发展
17. achieve a balance between ...and...
18. make policies for sb to observe
19. work hand in hand with...
20.in an environmentally friendly way
21. a community-wide effort
22. follow the golden rule
17. 在...和...实现平衡
18. 制定政策供某人遵守
19. 与...一起努力
20. 以对环境友好的方式
21. 全社会通力协作
22. 遵守黄金法则
23. lift people out of poverty
24. advance economic growth
25. one and the same fight
26. aim for...
27. a shared future
23. 让人们摆脱贫困
24. 推动经济增长
25. 同一场战斗
26. 以...为目标
27. 共同的未来
News that matters:
pollution in Norgate
News that matters 包含了一个that 引导的___________，先行词是________, 关系代词that在定语从句中充当______，作谓语matter是不及物动词，表示“___________________”。
定语从句
news
主语
要紧，有重大影响
正重要的事情上我们通常看法一致。
We usually_____________________ on the things________________.
see eye to eye
that really matter
HOST: Good evening and welcome to News that Matters. Our topic today is pollution in Norgate. Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. Welcome.
主持人: 晚上好，欢迎收看《焦点新闻》。我们今天的话题是诺盖特市的污染。今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗，还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。欢迎你们。
1. Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident; ... (Lines 3-4)
有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词或过去分词置于句首，从而构成全部倒装。
窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
站在教室前面的是我们的数学老师。
Standing in front of the classroom was our Maths teacher.
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.
完全倒装的基本形式是“谓语+主语”，主要涉及以下几种类型：
1、here类
当表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词。如：
Here’s Tom.
Here comes the bus.
There goes the bell.
There goes the last train.
这类倒装句的主语只能是名词，若主语为代词，则不能倒装。如：
Here it comes. 它来了。
完全倒装
2、away类
副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后也用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。如：
Away went the runners.
Round and round flew the plane.
The door opened and in came Mr Smith.
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.
这类倒装句的主语也只能是名词，若主语为代词，则不用倒装。如：
Away he went. 他跑远了。
Down it came. 它掉了下来。
3、状语或表语类
为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。如：
Among these people was his friend Jim.
On the table sat a little bird.
在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：
In the box was a cat.
In the box were some cats.
4、非谓语动词类
有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装。如：
Standing beside the table was his wife.
Buried in the sands was an ancient village.
To be carefully considered are the following questions.
　　【学法点拨】在倒装结构中，当主语是代词时，主谓一般不用倒装。
　　单句语法填空
　　① ______ (bury) in the sands was an ancient village.
　　② East of the city ___ (lie) our beautiful school, in which there are many flowers and trees.
完成句子
　　③ ______________________ （出席会议的）scientists from all over the world.
　　④ Once upon a time there __________________ (有个名医）known by the name of Hua Tuo.
Buried
lies
Present at the meeting were
lived a famous doctor
⑤ Look at the little dog! ___________（它跑过来了）.
⑥ At the school gate ________________(坐着一位老太太), waiting to see her grandson.
⑦年终颁奖典礼终于来临了。
Then ____________________________ at the end of the year.
⑧中国和美国的高等教育有很多不同。
There __________________ in higher education between China and America.
Here it runs
sat an old woman
came the final awards ceremony
exist many differences
https://www./
Para.1
HOST: Good evening and welcome to News that Matters. Our topic today is pollution in Norgate. Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. Welcome.
commitee n.委员会
1.The committee ____________(consist 由……组成) of 11 members成员.
2.The committee______________(discuss 讨论) the solution解决办法 to air pollution now.
consists
are discussing
集体名词做主语时，如果侧重整体，谓语动词用单数形式。如果侧重个体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：class、crew、company、group、family、government、audience...
2. The smog in the air has colored the sky a smoky grey; it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of.
smog n. 雾霾，烟雾
缩合构词法: 由 smoke和fog两个词各取一部分缩合而成的一个新词。
brunch = breakfast + lunh 早午餐
motel = motor + hotel 汽车旅馆
get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
be rid of sth./sb. 摆脱某人/某事物 (rid adj.)
rid sb. / sth. of sb. / sth. (formal) 去除，清除 (rid v.)
https://www./
句意：空气中的雾霾把天空都染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽，久治不愈。
smog n. 雾霾，烟雾
smoke
+
fog
smog
breakfast
+
lunch
brunch
缩合构词法
colour v. 给……涂颜色；变色
例：许多妇女在三十五六岁时开始染发。Many women begin _________ their hair in their mid-30s.
colouring
The smog in the air has colored the sky a smoky grey; it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of.
* (2020天津高考) Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents.
多亏了英国发明的静音机，你可以在不打扰男孩或他的父母的情况下消除声音。
* Further measures will be taken to rid our streets of crime.
进一步的措施将被采取来防止街头犯罪。
* He wanted to rid himself of the burden of the secret.
他想把秘密说出来，让自己得到解脱。
(1)It's time we ________________the drawback of the electronic product.该是我们除去这一电子产品的缺点的时候了。(2)To _________________, I suggest you eat some sugars and fruit to remove your attention.为了戒烟，我建议你吃一点糖和水果来转移你的注意力。(3)Now the air pollution is so serious that we have to make up our minds to __________ this harmful haze.现在空气污染如此严重，我们得下决心清除这害人的雾霾。
get rid of smoking
got rid of
get rid of
Practice
2. get rid of 摆脱,丢弃，扔掉
【用法归纳】
rid...of 使……摆脱或除去 rid oneself of debt 还清债务 be rid of 摆脱
拓展：其他接of的动词
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
cure sb. of sth. 医好某人的病
【例句研读】
You should get rid of the bad habits. 你应该改掉坏习惯。
It's time we got rid of all these old toys. 我们该把这些旧玩具全部丢掉了。
I can't get rid of this cough. 我咳嗽老是不好。
She is trying to rid herself of a dependence on drugs.
她在努力摆脱对药品的依赖。
【即时演练】
单句语法填空
①Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world __ hunger.
完成句子
②我们必须想尽一切办法去除污染。
We must try every measure to ___________.
of
rid pollution
3. Mr Smith protested against heavy industry. (Line 15)
protest v. (about/aganist/at sth) (公开）反对；抵抗；坚决地表示，申辩
=make a protest against... 对..... 提出抗议
(2) without protest 心甘情愿地
under protest 不情愿地，极不乐意地
* Some consumers protested about the bad service in the shop.
一些消费者对商店服务质量提出了抗议。
*The protests became more violent and many people were panicked into leaving the country.
抗议变得更加激烈，吓得许多人离开了那个国家。
There's no use _________(protest). I won't change my mind.
Students took to the streets to protest ___________ the decision.
She has always protested her ____________. (innocent)
Ben accepted his punishment ________________.
protesting
at/against
innocence
without protest
Practice
https://www./
n. 抗议 (书，行动)，反对
The announcement raised _________________________.
(一场抗议风潮）
She accepted the charge(指控)__________________.
(一声不吭)
a storm of protest
without protest
4. …irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits.
profit n.&v. 利润；收益；(得到)好处
make/earn a profit 盈利
A profit B = B profit from A A使B获益
profitable adj. 有利可图的；有益的
They sold it easily and made a hefty profit.
他们毫不费力地卖掉了它，得到了一笔可观的利润。
Profit will most likely have risen by about $25 million.
利润将极有可能增长约2500万美元。
【即时演练】
写出句中 profit的含义
①I think it will profit you nothing to follow his example. ________
②On the basis of our sales’ forecasts, we may begin to make a profit next year. ________
③I like reading each day for profit and pleasure. ________
④I'm sure that all of you will profit from this special experience. ________
单句语法填空
⑤You can profit ______ listening to a wise man.
⑥We can make _______ profit from what you said.
对……有用/好处
利润，收益
好处，益处
获益
from
a
① My brother told me that the earth is round.
林涛觉得电视节目很无聊。
我哥哥告诉我地球是圆的。
③ Lin Tao thought that the TV play was very boring.
我认为你是对的。
② I think that you are right.
① His father died the year (that) he was born.
② He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday.
他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
1. In defence of the factories, however, I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.
that 引导的宾语从句
状语
定语从句，省略that
他就是我昨天见的那个人。
然而，为给工厂辩护，我想指出，我们也在努力控制我们制造的污染量。
in defence of… 捍卫……；为……公开辩护
5. In defence of the factories, however, I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.
defence n. 防御，保护；防守；辩护；国防
in defence of /in one’s defence 为……辩护；保卫……
defend v. 保卫；防守；辩护；维护
defend… against/from… 保卫……免受……
defensive adj. 防御的；保护的；有戒心的
defence works 防御工事 defence lawyer 辩护律师
What points can be raised in defence of this argument
有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？
They fought in defence of their country.他们为保卫祖国而战。
【即时演练】
单句语法填空
① They were fighting like lions in defence ________ their homeland.
② As a famous politician once said, attack is the best method of ________ (defend).
③ The PLA defends our motherland _______ being attacked.
of
defence
against
They were fighting like lions ______________ their homeland.
He was placed ______________the department..
Many countries are _____________vaccine against COVID-19.
While listening to others, you can nod your head to show you are ___________ the idea.
__________ great effort, we failed to carry out the plan at last.
In such urgent situation, physicians' assistants are being used ___________ doctors.
She had had the foresight to prepare herself financially ___________ an accident.
in defense of
in charge of
in need of
in favor of
in place of
Practice
根据句意, 用in+n.+of 的形式补充合适的短语。
In spite of
In case of
6. We’ve been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process , even though these measures raise our production costs.
句中的even though意为“即使,尽管”,用来引导让步状语从句，even though可用even if替换。
[易混辨析]even if/ though, as if/ though
even if/ though表示“即使,尽管”，引导让步状语。
as if/ though表示“似乎，好像”，引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
①The Government set up a working party
to look into the problem.
政府成立了工作组调查那个问题。
医生彻夜工作以拯救伤者的生命。
② Doctors worked through the night to
save the life of the injured man.
①My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, even though he’s in his nineties.
② Even though he earns a lot of money, he’s still not happy.
我爷爷即使90多了，仍旧不时打打网球。
We’ve been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs.
不定式作目的状语
插入语
even though引导的让步状语从句
尽管他挣很多钱，他仍然不快乐。
我们一直在采取各种措施，包括使用新技术来减少生产过程中的污染，尽管这些措施增加了我们的生产成本。
take…measures to do sth 采取……措施做某事
https://www./
Para.5
We’ve been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs.
引导让步状语从句，可用even if替换
句意：我们一直在采取各种措施，包括使用新技术，以减少生产过程中的污染，尽管这些措施提高了我们的生产成本。
例：
1. 尽管在下雨，他还是出去了。
He went out __________ it was raining.
2. 我们彼此非常了解，虽然有时候也有一些分歧。
We thoroughly understand each other, ______________ we don’t always agree.
even though
even if/even though
https://www./
Para.5
【拓展】辨析even if / though, as if / though
even if / though 表示“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句
as if / though 表示“似乎，好像”，引导表语从句或方式状语从句
练习：
选词填空(even if/though; as if/though)。
1. They treat me ______________ I were a stranger.
2. I will not go to her birthday party _______________ I am invited.
3. He talks about Rome ________________ he had been there himself.
as if/though
even if/though
as though/as if
5 process n.[C]进程，过程
vt.加工，处理
【用法归纳】
in the process of (doing)sth.在(做）某事的过程中
in the process同时，在……过程中
in process 在进行中
【例句研读】
We're in the process of selling our old furniture. 我们正在出售自家的旧家具。
I stood up to say hello and spilled my drink in the process. 我站起来打招呼时把饮料弄洒了。
Most of the food we buy is processed in some way. 我们买的大部分食品都用某种方式加工过。
【即时演练】
单句语法填空
① I'm afraid getting things changed will be _______ slow process.
② All the information was then ready ________ (process)into film negatives.
③ Care of the soul is a gradual process ________which even the small details of life should be considered.
④ More than 100 applications for travel visas have to be _________ (process).
a
to be processed
in
processed
翻译
⑤ 研究表明左右耳处理声音不一样。
Studies have shown that the right and left ear process sound differently.
3. With pollution levels on the rise.. 随着污染水平的上升……
【句式分析】
本句中“with+n.+介词短语”为with复合结构，在句中常作状语、定语等。
【with复合结构】
形容词/副词/介词短语(表示状态）
现在分词（表示主动意义，强调动作
正在进行
with+n./pron. + 宾补 + 过去分词(表示被动意义，强调动作的
完成
不定式(表示尚未发生的动作)
　　例：She came to a river with green grass and red flowers on both sides.
　　她来到了一个两边长着红花绿草的小河边。
　　例：With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty in finding his home.
　　有这个男孩带路，我们找到他家没有困难。
　　With the key lost,he had to wait outside the door.
　　由于钥匙丢了，他只好在门外等。
　　With so much work to do,I have no time for a holiday.
　　有那么多工作要做，我没有时间去度假。
单句语法填空
① With a lot of difficult problems ________(settle), the manager felt worried all the time.
② John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______ (finish), he gladly accepted it.
③ The day was bright, with a fresh breeze _______ (blow).
④ I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes _____ (fix) on the ceiling.
⑤ With all the work _____ (do), I won't have time to go out.
完成句子
⑥这个男孩低着头站在那儿。
The boy stood there _________________.
to settle
finished
blowing
fixed
to do
with his head down
7. With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protecton Committee... (Lines 28)
with 的复合结构是一种很有用的表达方式，经常用在句中表状态或者说明背景情况，常做伴随、方式、条件、原因状语。
The man was walking in the street, with a book _______________. (在胳膊下）
With this problem _________ (解决了), the vaccine is now in regular production.
He felt more uneasy with all the classmates _____________(盯着他看).
under his arm
solved
staring at him
Practice
So in the afternoon, with nothing ________(do), I went to a store.
Now that we've discussed the issue, are people happy with the dicision________(take)？
With the ___________(product)up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
The day in March is bright, with a fresh breeze ______(blow).
She had to walk home with her bike ________(steal).
He wondered if he could slide out of the lecture hall without anyone ______________(notice) him.
to do
taken
production
blowing
stolen
Practice
noticing
单句语法填空
① With a lot of difficult problems ________ (settle), the manager felt worried all the time.
② John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______ (finish), he gladly accepted it.
③ The day was bright, with a fresh breeze _________ (blow).
④ I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes ________ (fix) on the ceiling.
⑤ With all the work _______ (do), I won't have time to go out.
⑥这个男孩低着头站在那儿。The boy stood there __________________.
to settle
finished
blowing
fixed
to do
with his head down
8. We also work hand in hand with other branches of ...
(Line 36)
类似的短语:
面对面
心连心
背靠背
肩并肩
一步一步
以眼还眼, 以牙还牙
face to face
heart to heart
back to back
shoulder to shoulder
step by step
eye to eye, tooth to tooth
What can everyone do to help protect the environment in Archer’s opinion
We can help by following the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle.
Let's enjoy a video
How do you know the three Rs
of the environment
You can reduce the amount of waste you produce.
You can reuse the plastic bags rather than just
throwing them away.
Many items that you use can be recycled.
Repeat these three words daily:
reduce, reuse and recycle.
How do you know the three Rs
of the environment
厨余垃圾
Kitchen waste
可回收物
Recyclable waste
其他垃圾
Other waste
有害垃圾
Harmful waste
Different kinds of waste should be put into different recycling bins.
Do you know how to sort garbage in your daily life
President Xi Jinping has called for garbage classification to help save resources and protect the environment. According to the central government's plan, all major cities are expected to initiate garbage classification from the year of 2019.
metal 金属
plastic 塑料
glass 玻璃
paper
纸类
expired food
过期食品
food leftovers
剩菜剩饭
fruit peels and cores
果皮渣滓
viscus
禽畜内脏
lamp bulbs
灯泡
paint and containers
油漆
insecticides
杀虫剂
stained papers
卫生纸品
dust
灰尘渣土
disposable goods
一次性用品
cigarette butts
烟头
batteries
电池
If we save the environment, we save ourselves.
Which recycling bins will you put them into
9. A former UN official once said…these are one and the same fight.
一位联合国前官员曾经说过…… 这些就是同一场战斗。
former adj. 从前的；昔日的，前任的；
latter adj. 后者的；后面的
the former… the latter… 前者……后者……
Her father was the former editor of the Saturday Review.
她的父亲是《星期六评论》的前任主编。
The former option would be much more sensible.
前一种选择要明智得多。
Many support the former plan, but personally I favour the latter one.
很多人赞同第一种方案，但我更倾向后第二种。
10. The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable ... (Lines 49-50)
in + separat(e) + able 不可分离的，休戚与共的
deny
avoid
escape
dispense
believe
avail
undeniable
unavoidable
inescapable
indispensable
unbelievable
unavailable
rapid development
get rid of
protest against
tend to
in defence of
point out
speak for
be concerned about
take measures
高速发展
摆脱；去除
反对；对…提出抗议
总是，往往
为……说话/辩护；防护
指出，指明
要求…得到；代表…讲话
对…担忧
采取措施
短语积累
draw attention to
on the rise
observe policy
community-wide effort
golden rule
lift people out of poverty
advance economic growth
a human community with a shared future
吸引对…的注意力
加重；上涨
遵守政策
全社会的努力
黄金法则
让人们摆脱贫困
推动经济增长
人类命运共同体