牛津译林版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 1 Nature in the balance Grammar and usage语法省略课件(共38张PPT)

(共38张PPT)
M3U1
Grammar and Usage
---Ellipsis (省略)
Made by kitty
________of you then I ooh
Dream to stay with you ooh
______ memory by willow
My hurry _______ from the branches ________
Was the price of telling me _____
The afterglow touched the passer's hair
He chose to give up missing
Beneath bridge
Lover of pre-life
________was carved
I can see tear _________from your eyes wow
Buddha______
Don't be stupid
How can I follow all this right in peace
...
Resent love is short and _______ in pain ooh...
Leaves stay in vain _______flying away ooh
Love means nothing and ___does your swear
What I wish for
Sow lots of lotuses...
They grow in all well beings
______ mortal world to give answer
The rosary meets the sand of time
Abandoning reading of mercy
...
Thinking
Burn
falling
newly-born
why
Palm
dropping
trapped
flower
so
Waiting
(When I am) Thinking of you ...
(and I) Burn memory by willow...
My hurry (that is) falling from the branches (that are) newly-born
... telling (me) why (my heart thudded)
(the lover's) Palm was carved
I ...tears (which is) dropping from...
said
Buddha said (that)
... is short and (resent love is) trapped...
Love means nothing and your swear means nothing
(and they are) waiting mortal world...
Ellipsis
Leaves stay in vain (and) flower (is) flying ...
Ellipsis
省略
定义：为了使语言简洁化concise、并且为了避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称为省略（Ellipsis)。
Focus on
基本用法
简单句中的省略
并列句中的省略
复合句中的省略
其他省略
替代此so等的省略
介词的省略
动词不定式的省略
宾语从句中的省略
定语从句中的省略
状语从句中的省略
Types
类型
简单句中的省略
复合句中的省略
并列句中的省略
其他省略
Ellipsis
Functions
功能
concise
closely-linked
highlighted
1 No, I didn’t (
).
2 You can watch it online if you want to ( ).
3 I felt worried when ( ) watching the documentary.
4 Some call for the application of modern technology, and others ( ) a change of lifestyle.
5 ( ) Got any ideas
6 ( ) Sounds great!
watch it
I was
call for
Have you
It/That
watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday
Why do people leave them out
1 No, I didn’t (
).
2 You can watch it online if you want to ( ).
3 I felt worried when ( ) watching the documentary.
4 Some call for the application of modern technology, and others ( ) a change of lifestyle.
5 ( ) Got any ideas
6 ( ) Sounds great!
watch it
I was
call for
Have you
It/That
watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday
Why do people leave them out
We sometimes use ellipsis to avoid _________ (stressing/repeating) one or more words when the meaning is clear.
We can use ellipsis:
repeating
Work out the rules
in short responses;
in infinitive phrases;
after some conjunctions like if, when and while;
in clauses with the same pattern and the same verb;
at the beginning of a sentence in ___________ (informal/formal) speech.
informal
简单句中的省略
(I saved your life) With pleasure!
(I) Thank you for your saving my life!
主语省略: 祈使句中的主语通常被省略。
省略重复的句子成分
Don’t stare at a girl unless you are told to
(stare at her).
省略重复的宾语: 可以省略作宾语的动词不定式, 保留to。
但如果该宾语是动词be或完成形式, 则须在to后加上be或have。
--- He hasn’t finished the task.
--- Well, he ought to have (finished it).
Are you hungry
Yes, I am (hungry).
省略重复的表语
In the late Tang Dynasty, the Taoist (国师) plotted to enhance
his power and (the Taoist) launched people to catch snakes for him. Therefore, people hunt for big (snakes) and small snakes. Only some of the snakes have survived, but most (of the snakes) have not (survived). So, the white snake was sent to end this.
并列句中的省略
两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略重复的部分。
1. 省略共同的主或宾。
Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to his teacher.
2. 若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面相同的部分。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
3. 若主谓相同，省略后面的主谓成分。
His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.
4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。
He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn’t (have a knowledge of first aid).
复合句中的省略
Though (she was) armed with a magic weapon-hairpin(珠钗), she was struck with a stunning blow by the enemy and fell into the deep river. _________(当她苏醒过来的时候，她发现自己身在捕蛇村了。)
A. When coming to life, she found herself was in the Snakecatcher Village.
B. When was coming to life, she found herself in the Snakecatcher
Village.
A
在though, when, if,unless, as if, as though, whether等 引导的状语从句中如果主语与主句的主语一致，同时从句中又含有动词be则通常可省去从句中的主语和动词be.
——状语从句中的省略
Observe the examples
Make a conclusion
以as, than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。
Example2:
Gradually she learnt from others that she was rescued by Xuan. Hadn't he saved her from the river, she would have drowned.
Example1:
Everything went on worse than (everything had been) expected, for she couldn't remember anything.
虚拟条件句中有had, were, should 常省略if， 并将had, were,should提前。
复合句中的省略
——状语从句中的省略
复合句中的省略
——宾语从句中的省略
Observe the examples
Make conclusions
Example1:
He told her (that) she was found lying on a rock by the waterfall half of her body in water.
1. 在say, know, think, decide, consider, suppose, believe等动词后
所接宾从连接词that可省略。
Example2:
When told the fact, she restored part of her memory. She believed (that) she could remember everything but didn't know when (she could remember everything).
2. 由which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句可全部或部分省去。
复合句中的省略
——宾语从句中的省略
Observe the examples
Make conclusions
Example3:
He said (that) he could help her and that they should go together to find out the lost memory.
3. 多个宾语从句并列时, 通常只省略第一个that。
Example4:
He suggested that they (should) go to the Precious Jade Workshop to ask for plots.
4. 在suggest/request/order/advise/recommend等相关的宾语从句的虚拟语气中，should可以省略
复合句中的省略
——定语从句中的省略
他就是那个小白决心要杀的人之一.
He is one of the men (who/that/whom) Xiaobai made her mind to kill.
在定语从句中的that/which/who/whom
作宾语时可以省略
Explore the differences
Make conclusions
①. Awakened by her sister, Xiaobai remembered her mission
was to kill the enemy and (to) return the hairpin to her master.
②. But she didn't know whether to go on or to stop.
1. 并列的不定式可省去后面的to;但表示对比关系的两个不定式to不可省。
2.感官动词see, hear等和使役动词make, let, have等后面加省略to的不定式；但改为被动语态时to不能省。
①. Her sister Xiaoqin made her retake her mission.
②. She was made to retake her mission by her sister Xiaoqin.
——动词不定式的省略
其他省略
这场战斗打得很艰难，他们所能做的就是鼓起勇气坚持到底。
A. The battle was a tough one and all
they could do was nothing but to
muster up their courage and hang on.
B. The battle was a tough one and all
they could do was nothing but muster
up their courage and hang on.
but前若有实义动词do, 后面不定式
不带to。
——动词不定式的省略
其他省略
Review 常见的介词可省的固定结构有：
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
be busy (in) doing sth
spend some time (in) doing sth
stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth
There is no sense/point (in) doing sth
It's no good/use (in) doing sth
注意：表示时间的介词at,on,in在next, last, this, yesterday, tommorrow等词前，
一般省略。
eg. They all fought for a new life tommorrow.
其他省略
——介词的省略
Can you keep me in your mind forever
I think so.
I don't think so.
We are dying, are we
so/not可用来省略上文中的一部分或整个句子。
I guess so.
I guess not.
guess/hope/be afraid 的否定形式只能用not 形式，不能用don't...so.
其他省略
——替代词so/not等的省略
P7 B1
Check your answers.
1. I cannot watch the documentary this weekend, though I would like.
2. Cows live on land, and fish the water.
3. The Amazon rainforest is smaller now than was 50 years ago. ^
4. He had planned to borrow a book on environmental protection, but he didn’t do.
5. When taking photos of wildlife, every effort should be made to ensure that we keep away from the animals.
would like to.
in the water
we should make every effort to ensure ......
that
Task 1
Task 2
Jack is sharing with his classmates his experience of taking part in a forest clean-up activity. Use ellipsis where necessary. Put brackets around the word(s) that can be left out.·
P7 B2
找出下面句子的省略部分。
Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived in, through agriculture.
(2020浙江)
直击高考
that /which
解析：“they lived in”是之前名词the world 的定语从句，先行词在从句中作宾语，故关系代词可被省略。
^
省略在考试中的使用
(2020 1月浙江卷语法填空) The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large 60 (compare) to younger generations,
省略在考试中的使用
(when old generations are) compared to younger generations
状语从句中的省略
compared
Ellipsis helps show points with connected words
用还原法看清观点
Many westerners who come to China cook much less ________ in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. (2018浙江, 语法填空)
China’s approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. (2018全国II, 语法填空)
“Well, I don’t know you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,” replied Dennis before _______ (ask) which room the new parents were in. (2018全国III, 完形填空)
When _____________ (combine) with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. (2018全国II, 阅读理解B)
Freddy was an average student, ________ not an average person. (2017全国II, 完形填空)
The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when _______ (tap) early, are employed ever after in life and work. (2019全国I, 阅读理解D)
“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am _______ my dogs,” says Ehlers. (2019全国II, 完形填空)
One group was asked to seek out an interaction with its waiter; the other, ____________ (speak) only when necessary. (2018全国II, 阅读理解D)
than
feeding
asking
combined
but
tapped
to
to speak
2019绍兴上虞高二期末测试卷
省略在考试中的使用
明确
简练
生动
用简化法彰显情感
1. 省略的概念：为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分。
2. 省略的情况
(1) 简单句中的省略：① 省略主语②省略主语或谓语的一部分③省略宾语④省略表语⑤同时省略几个句子成分
(2) 并列句中的省略：两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分
(3) 复合句中的省略：①主句中的省略②定语从句中的省略 ③宾语从句中的省略 ④状语从句中的省略
(4) 其他省略：①不定式符号to的省略 ② 条件从句中有should, were或had时, 可以省略if, 但要将should, were或had提至句首 ③一些特殊结构中的省略
Homework
1. Finish the exercises of Grammar part in Learning English.
2. Preview Integrated skills on pages 8-10.