人教版（2019）必修第一册 Unit4 Natural disasters Listening and Speaking and Reading and Thinking能力提升练（有解析）

Unit4 Listening and Speaking and Reading and Thinking
能力提升练
一、阅读理解
A
（2019山西吕梁高一期末）
Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen. So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2-year-olddaughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree. She lives at the National Zoo in Washington D. C.
And on Tuesday, August 23rd, witnesses said she seemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much of the East Coast before any human knew what was going on. And she's not the only one. In the moments before the quake, an orangutan（红毛猩猩）let out a loud call and then climbed to the top of her shelter.
"It's very different from their normal call, "said Brandie Smith, the zookeeper. "The lemurs（狐猴）will sound an alarm if they see or hear something highly unusual. "
But you can't see or hear an earthquake 15 minutes before it happens, can you？Maybe you can-if you're an animal.
“Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing, "said Brandie Smith. "That's part of their special abilities. They're more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive, "
Primates weren't the only animals that seemed to sense the quake before it happened. One of the elephants made a warning sound and a huge lizard（蜥蜴）ran quickly for cover. The flamingoes（a kind of bird）gathered before the quake and stayed together until the shaking stopped.
So what kind of vibration（震动）were the animals picking up in the moments before the quake？Scientist Susan Hough said earthquakes produce two types of waves—a weak "p" wave and then a much stronger "S" wave. The "p" stands for "primary". And the "S" stands for "secondary". She thought the "p" wave might be what set the animals off.
Not all the animals behaved unusually before the quake. For example, Smith said the zoo's giant pandas didn't jump up until the shaking actually began. But many of the other animals seemed to know something was coming before it happened. "I'm not surprised at all, "said Smith.
1. Why did Mandara act strangely one day？
A. Because she sensed something unusual would happen.
B. Because her daughter Kibibi was injured.
C. Because she heard an orangutan let out a loud call.
D. Because an earthquake had happened.
2. According to Brandie Smith, .
A. many animals' hearing is sharp
B. earthquakes produce two types of waves
C. primates usually gather together before a quake
D. humans can also develop the ability to sense a quake
3. Which animal seems unable to sense a quake？
A. A giant panda. B. A flamingo.
C. A lemur. D. A lizard.
4. What is the best title for the passage？
A. How animals survive a quake
B. How animals differ from humans
C. How animals behave before a quake
D. How animals protect their young in a quake
B
（2019山东新泰一中高一上第二次质量检测）
Earthquake rescue robots have experienced their final tests in Beijing. Their designers say with these robots. rescuers will be able to buy more time to save lives during an earthquake.
This robot looking like a helicopter, is called the detector-hot. It's about 4 meters long, and it took about 4 years to develop the model. Its main functions are to collect information from the air. and send goods of up to 30 kilos to people trapped by an earthquake.
This robot has a high definition 360 degrees panoramic全景的）camera. It can work day and night and will also be able to send the latest pictures from the quake area.
Dr. Qi Juntong said, "The most important feature of this robot is that it doesn't need a distant control. We just set the destination（目的地）information on it, and then it takes off, and lands by itself. It flies as high as 3, 000meters, and as fast as 100 kilometers per hour. "
This robot has a different function-it can change as the environment changes. Its main job is to search for any sign of life in places where human rescuers are unable to go.
As well as a detector（探测器）that finds victims and detects poisonous gas, a camera is placed in the 40-centimeter-long robot, which can work in the dark.
Another use for the rescuers is the supply-bot. With its 10-meter-long pipe, people who are trapped in the ruins, will be able to get supplies including oxygen and liquids.
Experts have said that the robots will enter production, and serve as part of the national earthquake rescue team as soon as next year.
5. According to the passage, this robot .
A. is carried by the helicopter
B. weighs about 30 kilos
C. hasn't been put into production so far
D. is a machine with a length of 10 meters
6. Dr. Qi Juntong thinks this robot is different from the others mainly because .
A. it has more functions
B. it has a unique shape
C. it has more advanced cameras
D. it can work by itself once given the information
7. The underlined word "which" in Paragraph 6 refers to .
A. a detector B. a camera C. a rescuer D. a worker
8. The text is mainly about .
A. an introduction to the robot
B. what the robot looks like
C. how the robot is made
D. information about earthquakes
二、七选五
（2018北京一零一中学高一上学期期中）
Homework
Do arithmetic problems 15 through 25. State the different forms of the verbs on page 50 of your French workbook. Read pages 12 through 20 of the Shakespeare's play, and don't forget to fill in the missing chemical symbols on the worksheet.
Sound like a list of your homework for the next few nights-or maybe even just for tonight 1 It's your teachers' way of evaluating how much you understand what's going on in class. And it helps strengthen important concepts.
2 It's inviting to start with the easy things to get them out of the way. However, you'll have the most energy and focus when you begin, so it's best to use this mental power on the subjects that are most challenging. Later, when you' re more tired, you can focus on the simpler things. If you get stuck on a problem, try to figure it out as well as you can-but don't spend too much time on it because this can mess up your homework schedule for the rest of the night. 3 But don't pick someone whom you'll be up all night chatting with, or you'll never get it done!
Most people's attention spans aren't very long, so take some breaks while doing your homework. Sitting for too long without relaxing will make you less productive than if you stop every so often. Taking a 15-minute break every hour is a good idea for most people. 4
Once your homework is done, you can check it over if you have extra time. Be sure to put it away safely in your backpack-there's nothing worse than having a completed assignment that you can't find the next morning or that gets ruined by a careless brother or sister. 5 Now you' re free to hang out.
A. Homework is a major part of going to school.
B. Luckily, you can do a few things to do less homework.
C. When you start your homework, deal with the hardest tasks first.
D. But if you' re really concentrating, wait until it's a good time to stop.
E. If you need help, ask an adult for help or call or email a classmate for advice.
F. And no teacher still believes that "chewed by the dog" lie-even when it's true!
G. In conclusion, no one is expected to stay long, and people have very different learning styles.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
三、语法填空
（2019山东师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中）
Earthquakes are quite common. In fact, thousands of earthquakes 1 （happen）almost at every moment. 2 , most of them are too weak to feel. During a big earthquake, there is often a big noise first. Then the earth shakes 3 （terrible）and many houses fall down.
As one of the most deadly natural disasters in the world, the earthquake often results 4 many people being injured or killed. In 2008, a severe earthquake hit China's Sichuan Province 5 （kill）more than 80, 000 people there.
Besides the great damage and 6 （die）caused by the earthquake, other accidents such 7 fires often follow More buildings may be damaged and more 8 （injure）may be caused. For centuries, people have been making studies of earthquakes. About 2, 000 years ago, for example, a Chinese scientist 9 （name）Zhang Heng invented a machine which could find out the direction 10 the earthquake waves came.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
参考答案及解析
一、
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文, 主要阐述了在地震前动物的表现, 有些动物对地震敏感, 而有些动物对地震没有察觉
1. A 细节理解题根据第一段第一句Mandara seemed to known something big was about to happen. 可知, 一天, Mandara表现得很奇怪是因为它感觉有一些不同寻常的事情要发生, 故选A项。
2. A 细节理解题根据第五段"Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing, "said Brandie Smith. "That's part of their special abilities. They're more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive. "可知Brandie Smith认为许多动物的听觉很敏锐, 故选A项。
3. A 推理判断题, 根据最后一段前两句Not all the animals behaved unusually before the quake. For example, Smith said the zoo's giant pandas didn't jump up until the shaking actually began. 可知在地震之前, 大熊猫并没有表现异常, 由此推断出大熊猫不能感知地震, 故选A项。
4. C 主旨大意题 这篇文章主要阐述了在地震前动物的表现, 有些动物对地震敏感, 而有此动物对地震没有察觉, 故选C项。
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文, 主要介绍了一种新型机器人---地震救援机器人的功能和特点, 目前已经通过测试最快明年就能投入生产。
5. C细节理解题 根据最后一段Experts have said that the robots will enter production, and serve as part of the national earthquake rescue team as soon as next year. 可知, 这种机器人最快明年才能投入生产, 故选C项。
6.D细节理解题, 根据第四段中的The most important feature of this robot is that it doesn't need a distant control. We just set the destination（目的地）information on it, and then it takes off, and lands by itell. 可知, 这种机器人最显著的特点是不需要用远程遥控, 一旦给它输入信息, 它就可以独立工作了, 故选D项。
7. B 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的… a camera is placed in the 40-centimeter-long robot 可知, 除了发现受害者和检测有毒气体外, 这种40厘米长的机器人上还装有一架照相机, 这架照相机可以在黑暗中拍摄传送照片, 此处为非限制性定语从句, which指代的就是先行词a camera, 故选B项。
8. A 主旨大意题, 通读全文, 特别是根据第一段首句Earthquake rescue robots have experienced their final tests in Bijing. 可知, 本文介绍了一种新型机器人-地震救援机器人的功能和特点, 故选A项。
二、语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文, 主要对如何完成家庭作业提出了几个建议：要从最难的题目开始、可适当寻求帮助、每一小时可以休息片刻、要认真检查等。
1. A 空后的1t指代A选项中的Homework, 故选A项。
2. C 根据下文so it's best to use this mental power on the subjects that are most challenging可知, 本段建议学生们先从最难的作业着手, 因为一开始你最有精力, 思想也最集中, 故选C项。
3. E 后句用到了连词But, 并提到不要找一个整晚只聊天的人讨论作业。故设空处应该是说可以求助于哪些人, 故选E项。
4. D 上文提到“对于大部分人来说每小时休息15分钟是个好主意", D项"但是如果你非常专心, 那么也可以等到一个合适的时间停止”承接上文, 故选D项。
5. F 本段主要讲要预防其他一些意外给作业带来的破坏, 由此可知F项正确。
三、语篇解读 文章主要讲述了地震时常发生这一事实, 介绍了地震造成的巨大危害和损失。
1. are happening 考查动词时态。此处指成千上万的地震几乎每时每刻都在发生, 根据时间状语at every moment可知用现在进行时。主语为thousands of earthquakes, 故填are happening。
2.However 考查副词。句意：然而大多数都太弱而感觉不到。设空处前后内容之间是转折关系, 此处单独作状语, 故填However。
3. terribly 考查副词。此处修饰动词应用副词, 故填terribly。
4. in 考查介词。此处指地震经常导致许多人受伤或死亡, “导致”是result in, 故填介词in。
5. killing 考查现在分词。句子主语a severe earthquake和动词kill是主动关系, 故用现在分词形式, 故填killing。
6. deaths 考查名词及名词的数。由and前的the great damage可知此处用名词。此处指地震造成的极大破坏和死亡, 由语境可知应用复数名词。故填deaths。
7. as 考查固定短语。表示“例如, 比如"应用such as, 故填as。
8. injuries 考查名词及名词的数。由and前的More buildings可知此处用复数名词, 故填injuries。
9. named 考查过去分词。句中a Chinese scientist和name是被动关系, 用过去分词, 故填named。
10. where 考查关系副词。设空处引导定语从句, 先行词是the direction, 关系词在定语从句中作地点状语, 指地震波从哪个方向过来, 用关系副词where引导, 故填where。
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