人教版（2019）必修第一册 学案Unit4 Natural disasters单元知识梳理学案（有答案)

Unit4 单元知识梳理
一、重点单词
1. rescue n.&v.营救；救援
①把某人从……营救出来____________
②设法（实行）营救____________
③进行营救____________
④他答应在我有危险时会来救我。
He promised to____________ if I was in danger
答案：① rescue sb. from② attempt a rescue③ make/perform a rescue④ come to my rescue
2. damage vt.损害；破坏n.损坏；损失
①弥补损失____________
②赔偿损失____________
③遭受损害，蒙受损害____________
④洪水对庄稼造成很大损毁。
The flood ____________the crops.
答案：① recover damage②pay（for）damage③ suffer damage did/caused great damage to survivor
3. survive v.生存；存活v.幸存；艰难度过→_________n.幸存者；生还者
①靠……活下来；靠……生存_____________
②比某人多活____________
③在这次空难中没有人幸免于难。
Nobody_________________.
答案：① survive on② survive sb.by…③survived the disaster
4. destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭→________n.破坏；毁灭
①你的话会破坏孩子的自信心。
Your words will__________________.
②我们不能再继续破坏环境了。
We can’t continue to______________.
答案：①destruction destroy your child’s confidence② destroy the environment
5. affect vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动；使感染（疾病）→______n.影响；效果；结果
①我们被他的真诚深深打动。
We _________________his sincerity.
②如今科技极大地影响了我们的生活。
Nowadays technology ___________.
答案：①effect were affected by②has greatly affected our life
6. shelter n.避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避
①那棵大树使我们免受大雨的侵袭。
The big tree _________the heavy rain.
②这个计划是为无家可归的人提供住所。
The plan is to __________ the homeless.
答案：① sheltered us from② provide shelter for
7. ruin n.&vt.破坏；毁坏
①毁掉某人的希望/健康___________
②坍塌_______________________
③灾难过后，一切都成了废墟。
After the disaster，everything_______________.
答案：① ruin one’s hope/health② fall into ruin③ was in ruins
8. shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克νt.（使）震惊
①文化冲击___________
②震惊；吃惊对___________
③……感到震惊___________
④我们非常震惊地得知我们喜爱的这位作家已经去世。
We _______________that our favorite writer had passed away.
答案：① culture shock② in shock③ be shocked at/by ④ were shocked to learn
9. trap νt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱
①用……捕捉；使困于______________
②诱骗某人使之采取某种行动________________
③震后，很多人被困于废墟下。
After the earthquake，many people ____________ the ruins.
答案：① trap sb/sth.in sth.② trap sb. into sth./v.-ing③were trapped under
10. bury vt.埋葬；安葬
①专心于（某事）；陷入，沉浸于；藏于___________
②埋头干；专心于___________
③她以手掩面，痛哭起来。
She __________and cried bitterly.
答案：①bury…in② bury oneself in③ buried her face in her hands
11. effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
①努力做某事__________
②不遗余力_________
③值得努力____________
④毫不费力地__________
⑤他努力地说英语。
He spoke in English_______________.
答案：①make an effort/efforts to do sth. ② spare no effort③ be worth the effort④ without effort⑤ with effort
12. suffer vt.遭受；蒙受ⅵ.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦→n.痛苦；苦难
①遭受_________
②遭受疼痛___________
③他们公司去年生意亏损。
Their company ___________ in business last year.
答案：suffering① suffer from② suffer pain③ suffered loss
13.supply n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品v供应；供给
①食物供应_____________
②供应不足____________
③提供给某人某物____________
④把某物提供给某人____________
⑤这家商店向顾客提供各种商品。
The shop ____________customers.
答案：① food supply② in short supply③ supply sb. with sth.④ supply sth. to sb.⑤ supplies all kinds of goods to
14. power n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→ ______adj.小强有力的；强大的
①某人有权/能力___________
②掌权____________
③有权力做某事____________
④停电____________
⑤这里没有人有权在文件上签名。
Nobody here _________ sign the paper.
答案：powerful ①within one’s power ② come into power③ have the power to do sth.④ power failure⑤has the power to
15. calm adj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静adv.平静地；镇静地；冷静地
①保持冷静____________
②（使某人）平静下来，镇静下来___________
③她在危险面前能保持镇静。
She can ___________in the face of danger.
答案：calmly ①stay/keep/remain calm ② calm(sb.)③keep calm
16. aid n.援助；帮助；救援物资v.帮助；援助
①（对某人）实施急救__________
②帮某人的忙___________
③为了帮助_________
④在……的帮助下_________
⑤帮助某人做某事__________
⑥在某方面帮助某人____________
⑦为了帮助洪灾地区举行了一场音乐会。
A concert was given __________ the flooded areas.
答案：①do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid(to sb).
②come to one's aid/come to the aid of sb. ③ in aid of④ with the aid of ⑤ aid sb. in doing sth. /aid sb. to do sth.⑥ aid sb. with sth.⑦ in aid of
17. sweep vt.&vi.（swept，swept）打扫；清扫
①消灭；彻底消除___________
②打扫干净，清扫干净___________
③席卷；轻易通过_____________
④打扫；清扫____________
⑤晚会结束后，她被留下来打扫卫生。
She was left to __________after the party.
答案：① sweep away② sweep out③ sweep through④ sweep up⑤ sweep up
18.wave n.海浪；波浪ⅵ.&vt.挥手；招手→______adj.波浪形的
①向……挥手_____________
②挥手送别____________
③一波……,一……阵____________
④她从街对面向我招手。
She ____________from across the street.
答案：wavy ① wave at/to② wave off③ a wave of④ waved at me
19. strike vi.&vt.侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击
①打一个男孩____________
②钟敲十二下_____________
③在/开始罢工/课__________
④打击敌人___________
⑥某人忽然想起_________
⑥我突然想起家里一个人也没有
_______________there was no one at home.
答案：① strike a boy② strike twelve③ be/go on strike④ strike the enemy⑤ It strikes sb. that...⑥ It struck me that
20. deliver vt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→___________n.递送分娩
①发货___________
②作报告___________
③接生____________
④送某人到家___________
⑤大卫会一大早起来送报纸。
David would get up early in the morning ____________.
答案：delivery ①deliver the goods ② deliver a speech③ deliver a baby④ deliver to sb.’s house⑤to deliver newspapers
21. summary n.总结；概括；概要→_______概述；总结
①…的摘要/总结_________
②总的来说，总之___________
③作总结__________
④总之，这次运动取得了巨大的成功。
______________, the campaign has been a great success.
答案：summarize① summary of...② in summary③ make a summary④ In summary
22. effect n.影响；结果；效果→___________adj.有效的；生效的
①实行_______
②产生效果________
③生效；开始实施__________
④实际上；事实上____________
⑤从……起开始生效_____________
⑥这反过来又对狼的食物供应产生了影响。
This in turn ___________ the food supply for wolves.
答案：effective ①bring/put sth. into effect ② bring about effect③ come into effect/take effect④ in effect⑤ with effect from⑥ has an effect on
23. length n.长；长度→ lengthen v.（使）变长
①最后，最终____________
②长度_________
③十分详尽地____________
④桌子的长度是它的宽度的两倍。
_____________ is twice its breadth.
答案：①at length② in length③ at great/full lengthThe length of the table
二、重点短语
1. as if/though似乎；好像；仿佛
① as if/though引导的从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，可用____语气；若与事实相反，应使用_______语气。
②他老爱说大话，就仿佛他是一位要人似的。
He likes to talk big as if ________.
③听起来好像有人在敲门。
It sounds______________.
答案：①陈述；虚拟② he was an important person③ as if/though there is a knock at the door
2. the open air露天；在户外
①乘飞机_______
②在传播中_______
③正在广播________
④停止广播_________
⑤他正在户外散步。
________________________________________________________
答案：in① by air② in the air③ on the air④ off the air⑤ He is now taking a walk in the open air
3. on hand现有（尤指帮助）
①交上；提交___________
②分发___________
③交出；移交__________
④交付，传递___________
⑤在手边；可能很快发生的__________
⑥用手工___________
⑦握手_________
⑧手拉手；密切关联________
⑨如今的女性非常忙碌。一方面，她们要照顾家庭；另方面，许多妇女又选择外出工作。
_________________________________________________________________
答案：① hand in② hand out③ hand over④ hand on at hand⑥ by hand⑦ shake hands⑧ hand in hand⑨Women today are very busy. On the one hand，they have to take care of their families; on the other hand many women choose to go out to work.
三、重点句型
1.主语+be+adj.（+ for sb.）+to do
课本原句
①水、食物和电都很难获得。
_________________________________________________________________
句式仿写
②火山喷发本身的确是很壮观的，我永远也忘不了我第一次看见火山喷发时的情景。
____________________________and I shall never forget my first sight of one
答案：① Water，food，and electricity were hard to get.② The volcanic eruption itself is really exciting to watch
2. be doing…when…正在做……，这时……
课本原句
①I ___________water started filling my home.我和我的三个孩子吃早餐的时候，水开始充满了我的家。
句式仿写
②我正往家走，老师好心地让我搭个便车。
I _____________my teacher kindly gave mean lift.
句式拓展
③她正要举手，这时下课了。
She ___________class was over.
答案：①was having breakfast with my three children when ②was walking home when ③was about to raise her hand when
2 / 9